ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Andrew Forrest - Entrepreneur
Andrew "Twiggy" Forrest is an Australian businessman, philanthropist and entrepreneur, widely considered one of the country’s greatest change agents.

Why you should listen

As founder and chairman of Fortescue Metals Group, Andrew Forrest has led the company from inception to a market capitalisation of more than AU$30billion. In 2001, he co-founded Minderoo Foundation with his wife Nicola, and he's since donated more than AU$1.5 billion to its core initiatives and more than 280 causes around the world. Never daunted by the scale of a challenge, Forrest devotes his relentless energy to tackling some of the world’s greatest problems, including Indigenous disparity, modern slavery and cancer.

But it is Forrest's most recent pursuit -- a PhD in Marine Ecology -- that led him to the TED stage. Driven by a lifelong love for the oceans, Forrest studied marine life and, along the way, encountered the destructive impacts of ocean plastic pollution, which he is now striving to apprehend. 

More profile about the speaker
Andrew Forrest | Speaker | TED.com
Chris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading.

Why you should listen

Chris Anderson is the Curator of TED, a nonprofit devoted to sharing valuable ideas, primarily through the medium of 'TED Talks' -- short talks that are offered free online to a global audience.

Chris was born in a remote village in Pakistan in 1957. He spent his early years in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, where his parents worked as medical missionaries, and he attended an American school in the Himalayas for his early education. After boarding school in Bath, England, he went on to Oxford University, graduating in 1978 with a degree in philosophy, politics and economics.

Chris then trained as a journalist, working in newspapers and radio, including two years producing a world news service in the Seychelles Islands.

Back in the UK in 1984, Chris was captivated by the personal computer revolution and became an editor at one of the UK's early computer magazines. A year later he founded Future Publishing with a $25,000 bank loan. The new company initially focused on specialist computer publications but eventually expanded into other areas such as cycling, music, video games, technology and design, doubling in size every year for seven years. In 1994, Chris moved to the United States where he built Imagine Media, publisher of Business 2.0 magazine and creator of the popular video game users website IGN. Chris eventually merged Imagine and Future, taking the combined entity public in London in 1999, under the Future name. At its peak, it published 150 magazines and websites and employed 2,000 people.

This success allowed Chris to create a private nonprofit organization, the Sapling Foundation, with the hope of finding new ways to tackle tough global issues through media, technology, entrepreneurship and, most of all, ideas. In 2001, the foundation acquired the TED Conference, then an annual meeting of luminaries in the fields of Technology, Entertainment and Design held in Monterey, California, and Chris left Future to work full time on TED.

He expanded the conference's remit to cover all topics, including science, business and key global issues, while adding a Fellows program, which now has some 300 alumni, and the TED Prize, which grants its recipients "one wish to change the world." The TED stage has become a place for thinkers and doers from all fields to share their ideas and their work, capturing imaginations, sparking conversation and encouraging discovery along the way.

In 2006, TED experimented with posting some of its talks on the Internet. Their viral success encouraged Chris to begin positioning the organization as a global media initiative devoted to 'ideas worth spreading,' part of a new era of information dissemination using the power of online video. In June 2015, the organization posted its 2,000th talk online. The talks are free to view, and they have been translated into more than 100 languages with the help of volunteers from around the world. Viewership has grown to approximately one billion views per year.

Continuing a strategy of 'radical openness,' in 2009 Chris introduced the TEDx initiative, allowing free licenses to local organizers who wished to organize their own TED-like events. More than 8,000 such events have been held, generating an archive of 60,000 TEDx talks. And three years later, the TED-Ed program was launched, offering free educational videos and tools to students and teachers.

More profile about the speaker
Chris Anderson | Speaker | TED.com
We the Future

Andrew Forrest: A radical plan to end plastic waste

Andrew Forrest: Um plano radical para eliminar o desperdício plástico

Filmed:
1,981,991 views

O plástico é uma substância incrível para a economia, mas é a pior substância possível para o meio ambiente, diz o empresário Andrew Forrest. Numa conversa destinada a desencadear um debate, Forrest e Chris Anderson, do TED, discutem um plano ambicioso para levar as maiores empresas do mundo a financiar uma revolução ambiental, e transitar a indústria para obter todo o seu plástico do material já existente, e não dos combustíveis fósseis.
- Entrepreneur
Andrew "Twiggy" Forrest is an Australian businessman, philanthropist and entrepreneur, widely considered one of the country’s greatest change agents. Full bio - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
Chris Anderson: So, you've been
obsessed with this problem
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Chris Anderson: Você tem estado
obcecado com este problema
00:15
for the last few years.
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nos últimos anos.
00:17
What is the problem, in your own words?
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Na sua opinião, qual é o problema?
00:19
Andrew Forrest: Plastic.
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Andrew Forrest: Plástico.
00:21
Simple as that.
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Simples assim.
Nossa incapacidade de usá-lo
00:23
Our inability to use it for the tremendous
energetic commodity that it is,
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para a tremenda possibilidade
energética que ele tem,
00:30
and just throw it away.
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e simplesmente jogá-lo fora.
00:32
CA: And so we see waste everywhere.
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CA: Vemos desperdício em toda parte.
00:35
At its extreme, it looks a bit like this.
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No seu extremo, parece um pouco com isso.
00:38
I mean, where was this picture taken?
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Onde essa foto foi tirada?
00:40
AF: That's in the Philippines,
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AF: Nas Filipinas,
00:42
and you know, there's a lot of rivers,
ladies and gentlemen,
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e há muitos rios, senhoras e senhores,
exatamente nessas condições.
00:45
which look exactly like that.
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E essa é as Filipinas.
00:46
And that's the Philippines.
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00:47
So it's all over Southeast Asia.
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Está assim por todo o sudeste asiático.
00:49
CA: So plastic is thrown into the rivers,
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CA: O plástico é jogado nos rios,
e dali, é claro, acaba no oceano.
00:51
and from there, of course,
it ends up in the ocean.
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00:54
I mean, we obviously
see it on the beaches,
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Quero dizer...
obviamente vemos isso nas praias,
00:58
but that's not even your main concern.
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mas essa não é sua maior preocupação,
01:01
It's what's actually happening to it
in the oceans. Talk about that.
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mas sim o que está acontecendo
nos oceanos. Fale sobre isso.
01:04
AF: OK, so look. Thank you, Chris.
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AF: Certo. Obrigado, Chris.
01:07
About four years ago,
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Há uns quatro anos,
01:08
I thought I'd do something
really barking crazy,
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pensei em fazer algo realmente louco,
01:11
and I committed to do a PhD
in marine ecology.
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e me comprometi a fazer
um doutorado em ecologia marinha.
01:16
And the scary part about that was,
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A parte assustadora disso foi
que, claro, aprendi muito
sobre vida marinha,
01:19
sure, I learned a lot about marine life,
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mas mais ainda sobre a morte marinha
01:21
but it taught me more about marine death
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e a extrema fatalidade
ecológica em massa dos peixes,
01:23
and the extreme mass
ecological fatality of fish,
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01:30
of marine life, marine mammals,
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da vida marinha, mamíferos marinhos,
01:32
very close biology to us,
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biologia muito próxima de nós,
01:34
which are dying in the millions
if not trillions that we can't count
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que estão morrendo aos milhões,
se não aos trilhões
que não temos como contar
por causa do plástico.
01:39
at the hands of plastic.
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01:40
CA: But people think of plastic
as ugly but stable. Right?
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CA: Mas muitos pensam no plástico
como feio, mas estável, certo?
01:44
You throw something in the ocean,
"Hey, it'll just sit there forever.
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Você joga algo no oceano:
"Isso vai ficar aí pra sempre.
Não vai causar nenhum dano, certo?"
01:48
Can't do any damage, right?"
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01:49
AF: See, Chris, it's an incredible
substance designed for the economy.
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AF: Olha, Chris, é uma substância
incrível projetada para a economia,
01:56
It is the worst substance possible
for the environment.
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mas a pior possível para o meio ambiente.
02:01
The worst thing about plastics,
as soon as it hits the environment,
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A pior coisa do plástico,
quando chega ao meio ambiente,
02:04
is that it fragments.
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é que ele se fragmenta.
02:07
It never stops being plastic.
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Nunca deixa de ser plástico.
02:09
It breaks down smaller
and smaller and smaller,
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Se deteriora em pedaços cada vez menores,
02:12
and the breaking science on this, Chris,
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e a ciência inovadora sobre isso, Chris,
02:15
which we've known in marine ecology
for a few years now,
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que conhecemos em ecologia marinha
já há alguns anos,
02:17
but it's going to hit humans.
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mas vai atingir os humanos...
02:19
We are aware now that nanoplastic,
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Estamos cientes agora que nanoplásticos,
02:23
the very, very small particles of plastic,
carrying their negative charge,
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as partículas de plástico minúsculas,
carregando sua carga negativa,
02:27
can go straight through
the pores of your skin.
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podem atravessar os poros da nossa pele.
02:31
That's not the bad news.
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Essa não é a má notícia,
02:32
The bad news is that it goes
straight through the blood-brain barrier,
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e sim que elas vão direto
pela barreira hematoencefálica,
02:37
that protective coating which is there
to protect your brain.
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o revestimento que temos
para proteger nosso cérebro.
Nosso cérebro é uma massa amorfa e úmida,
cheia de pequenas cargas elétricas.
02:40
Your brain's a little amorphous, wet mass
full of little electrical charges.
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02:44
You put a negative particle into that,
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Se colocarmos uma partícula negativa nela,
02:47
particularly a negative particle
which can carry pathogens --
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particularmente uma partícula negativa
que possa transportar patógenos:
02:50
so you have a negative charge,
it attracts positive-charge elements,
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temos uma carga negativa
que atrai elementos de carga positiva,
02:54
like pathogens, toxins,
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como patógenos, toxinas,
02:57
mercury, lead.
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mercúrio e chumbo.
02:58
That's the breaking science
we're going to see in the next 12 months.
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Essa é a ciência inovadora
que veremos nos próximos 12 meses.
CA: Você já me disse que existem
mais ou menos 600 sacolas plásticas
03:01
CA: So already I think you told me
that there's like 600 plastic bags or so
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03:05
for every fish that size
in the ocean, something like that.
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para cada peixe de tamanho médio
no oceano ou algo assim.
03:09
And they're breaking down,
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E elas se separam,
03:12
and there's going to be ever more of them,
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e haverá cada vez mais delas,
e nem mesmo vimos o começo
das consequências disso.
03:14
and we haven't even seen the start
of the consequences of that.
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AF: Não, realmente ainda não.
03:17
AF: No, we really haven't.
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03:18
The Ellen MacArthur Foundation,
they're a bunch of good scientists,
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A Fundação Ellen MacArthur
tem cientistas muito bons,
03:22
we've been working with them for a while.
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e trabalhamos com eles há um tempo.
03:24
I've completely verified their work.
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Valorizo muito o trabalho deles.
03:26
They say there will be
one ton of plastic, Chris,
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Eles dizem que haverá
1 tonelada de plástico
03:28
for every three tons
of fish by, not 2050 --
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para cada 3 toneladas de peixe até 2050,
03:31
and I really get impatient with people
who talk about 2050 -- by 2025.
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e fico muito impaciente
com quem fala sobre 2050 - até 2025.
03:35
That's around the corner.
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Isso está ali na esquina!
03:37
That's just the here and now.
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É simplesmente o aqui e agora.
Não precisamos de uma tonelada de plástico
pra destruir completamente a vida marinha.
03:39
You don't need one ton of plastic
to completely wipe out marine life.
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03:42
Less than that is going
to do a fine job at it.
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Menos que isso já estará
fazendo um grande estrago.
03:45
So we have to end it straightaway.
We've got no time.
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Precisamos acabar com isso
imediatamente. Não temos tempo.
03:50
CA: OK, so you have an idea for ending it,
and you're coming at this
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CA: Você tem uma ideia para eliminar
o problema e está chegando a ela
não como uma típica campanha
pelo meio ambiente, digamos,
03:54
not as a typical environmental
campaigner, I would say,
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mas como empresário, que viveu...
03:57
but as a businessman,
as an entrepreneur, who has lived --
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04:00
you've spent your whole life thinking
about global economic systems
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você tem passado toda sua vida pensando
sobre sistemas econômicos globais
04:04
and how they work.
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e como eles funcionam.
04:05
And if I understand it right,
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E se entendi direito,
04:07
your idea depends on heroes
who look something like this.
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sua ideia depende de heróis
que se pareçam com ela.
Qual é a profissão dela?
04:13
What's her profession?
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04:15
AF: She, Chris, is a ragpicker,
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AF: Ela é catadora de recicláveis,
04:18
and there were 15, 20 million
ragpickers like her,
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e havia de 15 a 20 milhões
de catadores de recicláveis como ela,
04:22
until China stopped taking
everyone's waste.
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até a China parar de aceitar
o lixo de todo mundo.
04:26
And the price of plastic,
minuscule that it was, collapsed.
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E o preço do plástico,
que já era barato, caiu mais ainda.
04:30
That led to people like her,
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Isso levou a pessoas como ela,
04:32
which, now -- she is a child
who is a schoolchild.
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ela é uma criança em idade escolar.
04:37
She should be at school.
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Ela deveria estar na escola.
04:38
That's probably very akin to slavery.
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Isso pode ser comparado à escravidão.
04:40
My daughter Grace and I have met
hundreds of people like her.
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Minha filha Grace e eu conhecemos
centenas de pessoas como ela.
04:43
CA: And there are many adults as well,
literally millions around the world,
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CA: E há muitos adultos também,
milhões deles pelo mundo,
e em algumas atividades,
04:47
and in some industries,
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é por causa deles, na verdade,
que, por exemplo, não vemos
04:48
they actually account
for the fact that, for example,
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muito resíduo de metal pelo mundo.
04:51
we don't see a lot
of metal waste in the world.
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AF: Isso mesmo.
04:53
AF: That's exactly right.
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04:54
That little girl is, in fact,
the hero of the environment.
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Aquela garotinha é, na verdade,
a heroína do meio ambiente.
04:57
She's in competition with
a great big petrochemical plant
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Ela está competindo
com uma grande petroquímica
05:01
which is just down the road,
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que fica na mesma rua,
05:02
the three-and-a-half-billion-dollar
petrochemical plant.
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uma petroquímica de US$ 3,5 bilhões.
Esse é o problema.
05:05
That's the problem.
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Temos mais petróleo e gás
em plástico e em aterros
05:06
We've got more oil and gas
in plastic and landfill
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05:11
than we have in the entire oil and gas
resources of the United States.
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do que em todos os recursos
em petróleo e gás dos EUA.
05:15
So she is the hero.
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Então ela é a heroína.
05:17
And that's what that landfill looks like,
ladies and gentlemen,
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E esse é um aterro sanitário,
senhoras e senhores,
e é petróleo e gás sólido.
05:20
and it's solid oil and gas.
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05:22
CA: So there's huge value
potentially locked up in there
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CA: Então, há um enorme valor
potencialmente desperdiçado ali
05:26
that the world's ragpickers would,
if they could, make a living from.
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com o qual catadores de recicláveis,
se pudessem, ganhariam a vida.
05:30
But why can't they?
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Mas por que não podem?
05:33
AF: Because we have ingrained in us
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AF: Porque arraigamos em nós
05:36
a price of plastic from fossil fuels,
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um preço do plástico
dos combustíveis fósseis,
05:40
which sits just under what it takes
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que fica logo abaixo do que é preciso
05:44
to economically and profitably
recycle plastic from plastic.
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para reciclar plástico do plástico
de modo econômico e lucrativo.
05:49
See, all plastic is
is building blocks from oil and gas.
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Todo plástico tem como material
de base o petróleo e gás.
05:54
Plastic's 100 percent polymer,
which is 100 percent oil and gas.
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Plástico é 100% de polímero,
que significa 100% de petróleo e gás.
05:58
And you know we've got
enough plastic in the world
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E sabemos que temos plástico suficiente
no mundo pra todas as nossas necessidades.
06:00
for all our needs.
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06:01
And when we recycle plastic,
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E quando reciclamos plástico,
06:04
if we can't recycle it cheaper
than fossil fuel plastic,
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se não podemos torná-lo mais barato
que o plástico de combustível fóssil,
06:07
then, of course, the world
just sticks to fossil fuel plastic.
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então, é claro, o mundo simplesmente
adere ao uso desse plástico.
06:10
CA: So that's the fundamental problem,
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CA: Esse é o problema fundamental,
o preço do plástico reciclado
é geralmente maior
06:12
the price of recycled plastic
is usually more
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06:17
than the price of just buying
it made fresh from more oil.
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do que o preço do produto novo,
feito de mais óleo.
06:21
That's the fundamental problem.
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Esse é o problema fundamental.
06:23
AF: A slight tweak
of the rules here, Chris.
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AF: Um pequeno ajuste
das regras aqui, Chris.
06:26
I'm a commodity person.
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Sou uma pessoa de commodities.
06:28
I understand that we used to have
scrap metal and rubbish iron
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Eu entendo que costumávamos ter
sucata de metal e ferro-velho
06:35
and bits of copper lying
all round the villages,
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e pedaços de cobre
esparramados por vilarejos,
principalmente em países
em desenvolvimento.
06:38
particularly in the developing world.
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06:40
And people worked out it's got a value.
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As pessoas descobriram o valor disso.
06:41
It's actually an article of value,
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Na verdade, é um artigo de valor,
e não de descarte.
06:45
not of waste.
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Agora vilarejos, cidades
e ruas estão limpas;
06:46
Now the villages and the cities
and the streets are clean,
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06:49
you don't trip over scrap copper
or scrap iron now,
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não se tropeça mais em sucata
de cobre ou de ferro,
06:54
because it's an article of value,
it gets recycled.
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porque é artigo de valor, é reciclado.
06:57
CA: So what's your idea, then,
to try to change that in plastics?
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CA: Então, qual é a sua ideia de tentar
mudar isso com os plásticos?
07:03
AF: OK, so Chris,
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AF: Então, Chris,
07:04
for most part of that PhD,
I've been doing research.
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tenho pesquisado bastante nesse doutorado.
07:08
And the good thing about being
a businessperson who's done OK at it
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E o bom de ser empresário bem-sucedido
07:12
is that people want to see you.
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é que as pessoas querem te ver.
07:14
Other businesspeople,
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Outros empresários,
07:15
even if you're kind of a bit of a zoo
animal species they'd like to check out,
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mesmo que você seja um tipo esquisito
que eles gostariam de conhecer,
07:19
they'll say, yeah, OK,
we'll all meet Twiggy Forrest.
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eles dirão: "Tudo bem, todos nós
encontraremos o Twiggy Forrest".
07:21
And so once you're in there,
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E assim que você estiver lá,
pode interrogá-los.
07:23
you can interrogate them.
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07:25
And I've been to most of the oil and gas
and fast-moving consumer good companies
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E estive em muitas empresas
de petróleo e gás e de consumo
em rápida evolução no mundo,
07:31
in the world,
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07:32
and there is a real will to change.
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e existe um desejo real de mudança.
07:35
I mean, there's a couple of dinosaurs
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Há alguns "dinossauros"
que esperarão pelo melhor sem fazer nada,
07:37
who are going to hope
for the best and do nothing,
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07:40
but there's a real will to change.
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mas existe um desejo real de mudança.
07:42
So what I've been discussing is,
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Então, venho discutindo
07:43
the seven and a half billion
people in the world
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que nós, 7,5 bilhões de pessoas no mundo,
07:47
don't actually deserve to have
their environment smashed by plastic,
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não merecemos ter nosso ambiente
entulhado por plástico,
07:51
their oceans rendered depauperate
or barren of sea life because of plastic.
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nossos oceanos tornando-se esgotados
e estéreis de vida marinha por causa dele.
07:56
So you come down that chain,
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Então descemos essa cadeia,
07:57
and there's tens of thousands of brands
which we all buy heaps of products from,
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e há dezenas de milhares de marcas
das quais todos nós compramos produtos,
08:02
but then there's only a hundred
major resin producers,
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3475
mas há apenas 100 principais
produtores de resina,
08:05
big petrochemical plants,
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2136
grandes instalações petroquímicas,
08:07
that spew out all the plastic
which is single use.
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que fabricam todo tipo
de plástico de uso único.
08:10
CA: So one hundred companies
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CA: Então, 100 empresas estão na base
desta "cadeia alimentar", digamos.
08:11
are right at the base
of this food chain, as it were.
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08:14
AF: Yeah.
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AF: Isso mesmo.
CA: Então, o que precisamos
que essas 100 empresas façam?
08:15
CA: And so what do you need
those one hundred companies to do?
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2945
AF: Precisamos que elas
simplesmente aumentem o valor
08:18
AF: OK, so we need them
to simply raise the value
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4549
08:23
of the building blocks of plastic
from oil and gas,
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do material base do plástico
do petróleo e do gás,
o que chamo de "plástico ruim",
08:26
which I call "bad plastic,"
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2575
08:28
raise the value of that,
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que aumentem o valor disso,
08:30
so that when it spreads through the brands
and onto us, the customers,
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para que, quando ele chegar a essas marcas
e for repassado para nós, consumidores,
08:33
we won't barely even notice
an increase in our coffee cup
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mal notemos um aumento no nosso café
08:38
or Coke or Pepsi, or anything.
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ou na Coca-Cola ou Pepsi, ou coisa assim.
08:41
CA: Like, what, like a cent extra?
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CA: Tipo um centavo a mais?
AF: Menos. Um quarto ou meio centavo.
08:43
AF: Less. Quarter of a cent, half a cent.
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1998
08:45
It'll be absolutely minimal.
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Será certamente mínimo.
08:48
But what it does,
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Mas isso tornará cada peça de plástico,
08:49
it makes every bit of plastic
all over the world an article of value.
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em todo o mundo, um artigo de valor.
08:54
Where you have the waste worst,
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Onde há o pior desperdício,
08:57
say Southeast Asia, India,
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digamos Sudeste Asiático, Índia,
08:59
that's where the wealth is most.
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é onde encontramos a maior riqueza.
09:01
CA: OK, so it feels like
there's two parts to this.
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CA: Então parece haver duas partes nisso.
09:04
One is, if they will charge more money
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Uma é, se vão cobrar mais caro
09:08
but carve out that excess
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mas trabalhar esse excesso
09:11
and pay it -- into what? --
a fund operated by someone
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e pagá-lo, a quem?
A um fundo operado por alguém
para resolver que tipo de problema?
09:16
to tackle this problem of -- what?
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09:18
What would that money be used for,
that they charge the extra for?
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Como esse dinheiro
cobrado a mais seria usado?
09:22
AF: So when I speak
to really big businesses,
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AF: Quando falo com as grandes empresas,
09:24
I say, "Look, I need you to change,
and I need you to change really fast,"
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eu digo: "Preciso que vocês mudem,
e que façam isso bem rápido".
09:28
their eyes are going
to peel over in boredom,
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Eles fazem aquela cara de tédio,
09:31
unless I say, "And it's good business."
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a menos que eu diga: "E é um bom negócio".
09:33
"OK, now you've got my attention, Andrew."
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"Agora você tem minha atenção, Andrew."
09:35
So I say, "Right, I need
you to make a contribution
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Aí eu digo: "Certo, preciso
que façam uma contribuição
pra um fundo de transição da indústria
para o meio ambiente.
09:38
to an environmental
and industry transition fund.
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09:41
Over two or three years,
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Ao longo de dois ou três anos,
toda a indústria global de plásticos
09:42
the entire global plastics industry
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09:44
can transition from getting
its building blocks from fossil fuel
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pode fazer a transição do material
de base do combustível fóssil
09:48
to getting its building
blocks from plastic.
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2095
para o uso do plástico já existente.
09:51
The technology is out there.
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A tecnologia está disponível.
09:52
It's proven."
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Está provada".
09:53
I've taken two multibillion-dollar
operations from nothing,
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Assumi US$ 2 bilhões
de operações do nada,
09:57
recognizing that
the technology can be scaled.
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2819
reconhecendo que a tecnologia
pode ser escalada.
10:00
I see at least a dozen technologies
in plastic to handle all types of plastic.
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Sei de pelo menos uma dúzia de tecnologias
que podem lidar com todo tipo de plástico.
10:04
So once those technologies
have an economic margin,
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Então, uma vez que elas tenham
uma margem econômica,
10:08
which this gives them,
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a qual isso as proporciona,
10:10
that's where the global public
will get all their plastic from,
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é daí que o público global
receberá todo o seu plástico,
10:13
from existing plastic.
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de produtos já existentes.
10:15
CA: So every sale of virgin plastic
contributes money to a fund
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4141
CA: Então, toda venda de plástico "virgem"
contribui com dinheiro para um fundo
10:19
that is used to basically
transition the industry
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2834
que é usado basicamente
para fazer a transição da indústria
10:22
and start to pay for things
like cleanup and other pieces.
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e começar a pagar por coisas
como limpeza e outras peças.
AF: Exatamente.
10:25
AF: Absolutely. Absolutely.
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1365
10:26
CA: And it has
the incredible side benefit,
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2012
CA: E há o incrível benefício colateral,
que talvez seja o principal,
10:28
which is maybe even the main benefit,
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de criar um mercado.
10:30
of creating a market.
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De repente, faz do plástico reciclável
um negócio gigantesco
10:31
It suddenly makes recyclable plastic
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3132
10:35
a giant business that can unlock
millions of people around the world
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4589
que permite a milhões em todo o mundo ter
um meio de subsistência com sua coleta.
10:39
to find a new living collecting it.
214
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1841
10:41
AF: Yeah, exactly.
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1153
AF: Exatamente.
10:42
So all you do is, you've got fossil
fuel plastics at this value
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4524
Então, teremos plástico
de combustível fóssil a este valor
10:47
and recycled plastic at this value.
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e plástico reciclado nesse valor.
10:49
You change it.
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1313
Você muda isso.
10:50
So recycled plastic is cheaper.
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2587
Então o plástico reciclado
fica mais barato.
10:53
What I love about this most, Chris,
is that, you know,
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O que mais gosto nisso, Chris,
10:56
we waste into the environment
300, 350 million tons of plastic.
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5551
é que desperdiçamos no meio ambiente
300, 350 milhões de toneladas de plástico.
11:02
On the oil and gas companies own accounts,
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2537
Segundo as empresas de petróleo e gás,
isso deve aumentar
para 500 milhões de toneladas.
11:04
it's going to grow to 500 million tons.
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2016
11:07
This is an accelerating problem.
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Este é um problema que se acelera.
11:09
But every ton of that is polymer.
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3750
Mas cada tonelada disso é polímero
11:13
Polymer is 1,000 dollars,
1,500 dollars a ton.
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3504
que custa de US$ 1 mil
a US$ 1,5 mil a tonelada.
11:16
That's half a trillion dollars
which could go into business
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664757
4104
Isso corresponde a US$ 500 bilhões
que poderiam entrar no negócio
11:20
and could create jobs and opportunities
and wealth right across the world,
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3539
e criar empregos, oportunidades
e riqueza em todo o mundo,
11:24
particularly in the most impoverished.
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1999
particularmente em países mais pobres,
11:26
Yet we throw it away.
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1257
porém, nós o jogamos fora.
11:27
CA: So this would allow the big companies
to invest in recycling plants
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3380
CA: Isso permitiria que grandes empresas
investissem em usinas de reciclagem
11:31
literally all over the world --
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no mundo todo.
AF: No mundo todo!
11:32
AF: All over the world.
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1152
A tecnologia é de baixo custo,
11:33
Because the technology
is low-capital cost,
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2048
é possível colocá-la em lixeiras,
porões de grandes hotéis,
11:35
you can put it in at rubbish dumps,
at the bottom of big hotels,
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3037
depósitos de lixo, em todo lugar,
transformando resíduo em resina.
11:38
garbage depots, everywhere,
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11:40
turn that waste into resin.
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1294
11:41
CA: Now, you're a philanthropist,
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CA: Você é filantropo, e está pronto
a destinar parte da sua riqueza para isso.
11:43
and you're ready to commit
some of your own wealth to this.
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2789
Qual é o papel da filantropia
nesse projeto?
11:46
What is the role of philanthropy
in this project?
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2298
AF: Acho que temos que introduzir
os US$ 40 a US$ 50 milhões
11:48
AF: I think what we have to do
is kick in the 40 to 50 million US dollars
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3834
11:52
to get it going,
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1400
para dar o pontapé inicial,
11:53
and then we have to create
absolute transparency
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e depois temos que criar
transparência absoluta
11:56
so everyone can see
exactly what's going on.
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para que todos possam ver
exatamente o que está acontecendo.
11:59
From the resin producers
to the brands to the consumers,
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3260
Dos produtores de resina
às marcas aos consumidores,
12:02
everyone gets to see
who is playing the game,
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2524
todos começam a ver
quem está atuando no jogo,
12:05
who is protecting the Earth,
and who doesn't care.
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2658
quem está protegendo o planeta,
e quem não se importa.
12:07
And that'll cost about
a million dollars a week,
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2331
E isso custará cerca
de US$ 1 milhão por semana,
12:10
and we're going to underwrite
that for five years.
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2386
e vamos subscrever isso por 5 anos.
A contribuição total
é de cerca de US$ 300 milhões.
12:12
Total contribution is circa
300 million US dollars.
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2830
12:15
CA: Wow.
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1327
CA: Uau.
12:16
Now --
252
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Agora ...
12:18
(Applause)
253
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4882
(Aplausos)
12:23
You've talked to other companies,
like to the Coca-Colas of this world,
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3431
Você conversou com outras empresas,
como as Coca-Colas do mundo afora,
12:26
who are willing to do this,
they're willing to pay a higher price,
255
734550
3138
que estão dispostas a pagar
um preço mais alto
12:29
they would like to pay a higher price,
256
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1827
e gostariam de fazer isso,
contanto que seja justo.
12:31
so long as it's fair.
257
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1155
12:32
AF: Yeah, it's fair.
258
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2384
AF: Sim, é justo.
12:35
So, Coca-Cola wouldn't
like Pepsi to play ball
259
743150
3155
A Coca-Cola não ia querer
que a Pepsi entrasse no jogo,
a menos que todo mundo soubesse
que a Pepsi não estava no jogo.
12:38
unless the whole world knew
that Pepsi wasn't playing ball.
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2797
Aí não se importam.
12:41
Then they don't care.
261
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1174
12:42
So it's that transparency of the market
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2894
Então é essa transparência do mercado
12:45
where, if people try and cheat the system,
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2334
a qual, se alguém tenta enganar o sistema,
o mercado e os consumidores podem ver.
12:47
the market can see it,
the consumers can see it.
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2361
12:50
The consumers want a role to play in this.
265
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2126
Os consumidores querem participar disso.
12:52
Seven and a half billion of us.
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1527
Somos 7,5 bilhões.
Não queremos que uma centena
de empresas destruam o planeta.
12:53
We don't want our world smashed
by a hundred companies.
267
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2610
12:56
CA: Well, so tell us, you've said
what the companies can do
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2808
CA: Você falou do que as empresas podem
fazer e o que você está disposto a fazer.
12:59
and what you're willing to do.
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1467
O que nós, te ouvindo, podemos fazer?
13:00
What can people listening do?
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1393
13:02
AF: OK, so I would like all of us,
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2297
AF: Gostaria que todos nós, no mundo todo,
13:04
all around the world,
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1199
13:05
to go a website called noplasticwaste.org.
273
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3084
acessássemos o site noplasticwaste.org.
13:08
You contact your hundred resin producers
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2126
Contatássemos os 100 produtores de resina
13:10
which are in your region.
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1440
na nossa região.
13:12
You will have at least one
276
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1673
Há pelo menos um
13:14
within an email or Twitter
or a telephone contact from you,
277
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4434
no nosso e-mail, Twitter
ou contato telefônico.
13:18
and let them know that you would like them
to make a contribution to a fund
278
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5435
Então, que eles saibam que gostaríamos
que contribuíssem para um fundo
13:23
which industry can manage
or the World Bank can manage.
279
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2627
que a indústria ou o Banco Mundial
podem gerenciar e que gera
13:26
It raises tens of billions
of dollars per year
280
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3694
dezenas de bilhões de dólares ao ano.
13:30
so you can transition the industry
to getting all its plastic from plastic,
281
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4682
Assim, fazemos a transição do setor
pra obter o plástico daquele já existente,
13:35
not from fossil fuel.
282
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1172
não do petróleo.
13:36
We don't need that.
That's bad. This is good.
283
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2247
Não precisamos disso.
Aquilo é ruim. Isto é bom.
13:38
And it can clean up the environment.
284
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2012
E pode limpar o meio ambiente.
13:40
We've got enough capital there,
285
808542
1553
Temos capital suficiente lá,
temos dezenas de bilhões de dólares
ao ano para limpar o meio ambiente.
13:42
we've got tens of billions
of dollars, Chris, per annum
286
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2957
13:45
to clean up the environment.
287
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1432
CA: Você está no negócio de reciclagem.
13:46
CA: You're in the recycling business.
288
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1775
Não seria um conflito de interesse,
13:48
Isn't this a conflict of interest for you,
289
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2006
ou melhor, uma grande oportunidade
de negócio para você?
13:50
or rather, a huge business
opportunity for you?
290
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2209
13:52
AF: Yeah, look, I'm in
the iron ore business,
291
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2131
AF: Estou no ramo de minério de ferro
e compito com o negócio de sucata,
13:54
and I compete against
the scrap metal business,
292
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2209
por isso não tropeçamos
em pedaços de metal por aí
13:57
and that's why you don't have
any scrap lying around to trip over,
293
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3435
e cortamos o dedo do pé; ela é coletada.
14:00
and cut your toe on,
294
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1449
14:01
because it gets collected.
295
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1276
CA: Esta não é sua desculpa pra entrar
no negócio de reciclagem de plásticos.
14:03
CA: This isn't your excuse
to go into the plastic recycling business.
296
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3294
14:06
AF: No, I am going to cheer for this boom.
297
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2321
AF: Não, vou torcer por essa expansão.
14:08
This will be the internet
of plastic waste.
298
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2111
Essa será a internet
de resíduos de plástico,
14:11
This will be a boom industry
which will spread all over the world,
299
839038
3339
uma indústria em expansão
que se espalhará por todo o mundo,
14:14
and particularly where poverty is worst
because that's where the rubbish is most,
300
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4059
e particularmente onde a pobreza
é maior porque é aí que há mais lixo,
14:18
and that's the resource.
301
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1316
e esse é o recurso.
14:19
So I'm going to cheer for it
and stand back.
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3207
Vou torcer por isso e me afastar.
14:23
CA: Twiggy, we're in an era
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1345
CA: Twiggy, estamos numa era
14:24
where so many people around the world
are craving a new, regenerative economy,
304
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4665
na qual muitas pessoas no mundo anseiam
por uma nova economia regenerativa,
14:29
these big supply chains,
these big industries,
305
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2629
que essas grandes indústrias
e cadeias de suprimentos
se transformem fundamentalmente.
14:31
to fundamentally transform.
306
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2041
Me parece uma ideia gigantesca
14:33
It strikes me as a giant idea,
307
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1732
14:35
and you're going to need a lot of people
cheering you on your way
308
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3060
e você precisará de muita gente
torcendo pra que torne isso realidade.
14:38
to make it happen.
309
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1166
Obrigado por compartilhar conosco.
14:39
Thank you for sharing this with us.
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1675
AF: Muito obrigado, Chris.
14:41
AF: Thank you very much. Thank you, Chris.
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(Aplausos)
14:43
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Andrew Forrest - Entrepreneur
Andrew "Twiggy" Forrest is an Australian businessman, philanthropist and entrepreneur, widely considered one of the country’s greatest change agents.

Why you should listen

As founder and chairman of Fortescue Metals Group, Andrew Forrest has led the company from inception to a market capitalisation of more than AU$30billion. In 2001, he co-founded Minderoo Foundation with his wife Nicola, and he's since donated more than AU$1.5 billion to its core initiatives and more than 280 causes around the world. Never daunted by the scale of a challenge, Forrest devotes his relentless energy to tackling some of the world’s greatest problems, including Indigenous disparity, modern slavery and cancer.

But it is Forrest's most recent pursuit -- a PhD in Marine Ecology -- that led him to the TED stage. Driven by a lifelong love for the oceans, Forrest studied marine life and, along the way, encountered the destructive impacts of ocean plastic pollution, which he is now striving to apprehend. 

More profile about the speaker
Andrew Forrest | Speaker | TED.com
Chris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading.

Why you should listen

Chris Anderson is the Curator of TED, a nonprofit devoted to sharing valuable ideas, primarily through the medium of 'TED Talks' -- short talks that are offered free online to a global audience.

Chris was born in a remote village in Pakistan in 1957. He spent his early years in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, where his parents worked as medical missionaries, and he attended an American school in the Himalayas for his early education. After boarding school in Bath, England, he went on to Oxford University, graduating in 1978 with a degree in philosophy, politics and economics.

Chris then trained as a journalist, working in newspapers and radio, including two years producing a world news service in the Seychelles Islands.

Back in the UK in 1984, Chris was captivated by the personal computer revolution and became an editor at one of the UK's early computer magazines. A year later he founded Future Publishing with a $25,000 bank loan. The new company initially focused on specialist computer publications but eventually expanded into other areas such as cycling, music, video games, technology and design, doubling in size every year for seven years. In 1994, Chris moved to the United States where he built Imagine Media, publisher of Business 2.0 magazine and creator of the popular video game users website IGN. Chris eventually merged Imagine and Future, taking the combined entity public in London in 1999, under the Future name. At its peak, it published 150 magazines and websites and employed 2,000 people.

This success allowed Chris to create a private nonprofit organization, the Sapling Foundation, with the hope of finding new ways to tackle tough global issues through media, technology, entrepreneurship and, most of all, ideas. In 2001, the foundation acquired the TED Conference, then an annual meeting of luminaries in the fields of Technology, Entertainment and Design held in Monterey, California, and Chris left Future to work full time on TED.

He expanded the conference's remit to cover all topics, including science, business and key global issues, while adding a Fellows program, which now has some 300 alumni, and the TED Prize, which grants its recipients "one wish to change the world." The TED stage has become a place for thinkers and doers from all fields to share their ideas and their work, capturing imaginations, sparking conversation and encouraging discovery along the way.

In 2006, TED experimented with posting some of its talks on the Internet. Their viral success encouraged Chris to begin positioning the organization as a global media initiative devoted to 'ideas worth spreading,' part of a new era of information dissemination using the power of online video. In June 2015, the organization posted its 2,000th talk online. The talks are free to view, and they have been translated into more than 100 languages with the help of volunteers from around the world. Viewership has grown to approximately one billion views per year.

Continuing a strategy of 'radical openness,' in 2009 Chris introduced the TEDx initiative, allowing free licenses to local organizers who wished to organize their own TED-like events. More than 8,000 such events have been held, generating an archive of 60,000 TEDx talks. And three years later, the TED-Ed program was launched, offering free educational videos and tools to students and teachers.

More profile about the speaker
Chris Anderson | Speaker | TED.com