ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Andrew Forrest - Entrepreneur
Andrew "Twiggy" Forrest is an Australian businessman, philanthropist and entrepreneur, widely considered one of the country’s greatest change agents.

Why you should listen

As founder and chairman of Fortescue Metals Group, Andrew Forrest has led the company from inception to a market capitalisation of more than AU$30billion. In 2001, he co-founded Minderoo Foundation with his wife Nicola, and he's since donated more than AU$1.5 billion to its core initiatives and more than 280 causes around the world. Never daunted by the scale of a challenge, Forrest devotes his relentless energy to tackling some of the world’s greatest problems, including Indigenous disparity, modern slavery and cancer.

But it is Forrest's most recent pursuit -- a PhD in Marine Ecology -- that led him to the TED stage. Driven by a lifelong love for the oceans, Forrest studied marine life and, along the way, encountered the destructive impacts of ocean plastic pollution, which he is now striving to apprehend. 

More profile about the speaker
Andrew Forrest | Speaker | TED.com
Chris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading.

Why you should listen

Chris Anderson is the Curator of TED, a nonprofit devoted to sharing valuable ideas, primarily through the medium of 'TED Talks' -- short talks that are offered free online to a global audience.

Chris was born in a remote village in Pakistan in 1957. He spent his early years in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, where his parents worked as medical missionaries, and he attended an American school in the Himalayas for his early education. After boarding school in Bath, England, he went on to Oxford University, graduating in 1978 with a degree in philosophy, politics and economics.

Chris then trained as a journalist, working in newspapers and radio, including two years producing a world news service in the Seychelles Islands.

Back in the UK in 1984, Chris was captivated by the personal computer revolution and became an editor at one of the UK's early computer magazines. A year later he founded Future Publishing with a $25,000 bank loan. The new company initially focused on specialist computer publications but eventually expanded into other areas such as cycling, music, video games, technology and design, doubling in size every year for seven years. In 1994, Chris moved to the United States where he built Imagine Media, publisher of Business 2.0 magazine and creator of the popular video game users website IGN. Chris eventually merged Imagine and Future, taking the combined entity public in London in 1999, under the Future name. At its peak, it published 150 magazines and websites and employed 2,000 people.

This success allowed Chris to create a private nonprofit organization, the Sapling Foundation, with the hope of finding new ways to tackle tough global issues through media, technology, entrepreneurship and, most of all, ideas. In 2001, the foundation acquired the TED Conference, then an annual meeting of luminaries in the fields of Technology, Entertainment and Design held in Monterey, California, and Chris left Future to work full time on TED.

He expanded the conference's remit to cover all topics, including science, business and key global issues, while adding a Fellows program, which now has some 300 alumni, and the TED Prize, which grants its recipients "one wish to change the world." The TED stage has become a place for thinkers and doers from all fields to share their ideas and their work, capturing imaginations, sparking conversation and encouraging discovery along the way.

In 2006, TED experimented with posting some of its talks on the Internet. Their viral success encouraged Chris to begin positioning the organization as a global media initiative devoted to 'ideas worth spreading,' part of a new era of information dissemination using the power of online video. In June 2015, the organization posted its 2,000th talk online. The talks are free to view, and they have been translated into more than 100 languages with the help of volunteers from around the world. Viewership has grown to approximately one billion views per year.

Continuing a strategy of 'radical openness,' in 2009 Chris introduced the TEDx initiative, allowing free licenses to local organizers who wished to organize their own TED-like events. More than 8,000 such events have been held, generating an archive of 60,000 TEDx talks. And three years later, the TED-Ed program was launched, offering free educational videos and tools to students and teachers.

More profile about the speaker
Chris Anderson | Speaker | TED.com
We the Future

Andrew Forrest: A radical plan to end plastic waste

安德烈·弗利斯特: 一个结终结塑料垃圾的激进方法

Filmed:
1,981,991 views

塑料是一项对经济非常有益的发明——但是对于环境来说,是最无益的发明,创业者安德烈·弗利斯特(Andrew Forrest)说道。在一场本要激发辩论的对话中,弗利斯特与TED策划人克里斯·安德森谈论了怎样使世界大企业去资助环境保护活动,并且将产业转化为用回收材料制作塑料,而不再使用化石燃料。
- Entrepreneur
Andrew "Twiggy" Forrest is an Australian businessman, philanthropist and entrepreneur, widely considered one of the country’s greatest change agents. Full bio - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
Chris克里斯 Anderson安德森: So, you've been
obsessed痴迷 with this problem问题
0
1111
2858
克里斯·安得森:
你近几年都在
00:15
for the last few少数 years年份.
1
3993
1764
痴迷于这个问题。
00:17
What is the problem问题, in your own拥有 words?
2
5781
2040
你认为问题到底是什么?
00:19
Andrew安德鲁 Forrest福雷斯特: Plastic塑料.
3
7845
1150
安德烈·弗利斯特:
极其简单,
00:21
Simple简单 as that.
4
9600
1688
塑料。
我们无法将它
用作巨大的能源材料,
00:23
Our inability无力 to use it for the tremendous巨大
energetic有活力 commodity商品 that it is,
5
11312
6993
00:30
and just throw it away.
6
18329
1376
所以就把它扔掉。
00:32
CACA: And so we see waste浪费 everywhere到处.
7
20838
3071
克里斯:
我们都看到了,浪费无处不在。
00:35
At its extreme极端, it looks容貌 a bit like this.
8
23933
2464
极端一些,就会像这样。
00:38
I mean, where was this picture图片 taken采取?
9
26421
2331
这张照片是在哪里拍的?
00:40
AFAf: That's in the Philippines菲律宾,
10
28776
1450
安德烈:
菲律宾,
00:42
and you know, there's a lot of rivers河流,
ladies女士们 and gentlemen绅士,
11
30250
2905
在那里有很多河流,
女士们先生们,
看起来都是这样的。
00:45
which哪一个 look exactly究竟 like that.
12
33180
1381
那是在菲律宾拍摄的。
00:46
And that's the Philippines菲律宾.
13
34561
1333
整个东南亚都能看到这样的河流。
00:47
So it's all over Southeast东南 Asia亚洲.
14
35919
1570
00:49
CACA: So plastic塑料 is thrown抛出 into the rivers河流,
15
37688
1981
克里斯:
塑料被扔到河里,
然后理所当然的进入海洋。
00:51
and from there, of course课程,
it ends结束 up in the ocean海洋.
16
39693
2609
00:54
I mean, we obviously明显
see it on the beaches海滩,
17
42994
3573
很明显,我们在沙滩上能看到,
00:58
but that's not even your main主要 concern关心.
18
46591
2542
但是这不是你最主要的担忧,
01:01
It's what's actually其实 happening事件 to it
in the oceans海洋. Talk about that.
19
49157
3467
你担忧的是真实发生在
海洋中的事情。讲讲吧。
01:04
AFAf: OK, so look. Thank you, Chris克里斯.
20
52648
2501
安德烈:
谢谢,克里斯。
01:07
About four years年份 ago,
21
55173
1174
大概四年前,
01:08
I thought I'd do something
really barking叫声 crazy,
22
56371
3319
我想要做一些疯狂的事,
01:11
and I committed提交 to do a PhD博士
in marine海洋 ecology生态.
23
59714
4708
于是我拿到了
海洋生态学的博士学位。
01:16
And the scary害怕 part部分 about that was,
24
64446
3217
可怕的是,
01:19
sure, I learned学到了 a lot about marine海洋 life,
25
67687
1917
当然,我学习了很多海洋生物,
但是它教给我更多的是
海洋生物的死亡,
01:21
but it taught me more about marine海洋 death死亡
26
69628
2220
01:23
and the extreme极端 mass
ecological生态 fatality病死率 of fish,
27
71872
6160
海洋中极度混乱的生态情况,
01:30
of marine海洋 life, marine海洋 mammals哺乳动物,
28
78056
2256
海洋中的哺乳动物,鱼类,
01:32
very close biology生物学 to us,
29
80336
2464
生物上与我们很相近的动物,
01:34
which哪一个 are dying垂死 in the millions百万
if not trillions万亿 that we can't count计数
30
82824
4238
数以百万计的在死去,甚至更多,
01:39
at the hands of plastic塑料.
31
87086
1676
仅仅是因为塑料。
01:40
CACA: But people think of plastic塑料
as ugly丑陋 but stable稳定. Right?
32
88786
3841
克里斯:
但是人们认为塑料是丑陋却无害的。
01:44
You throw something in the ocean海洋,
"Hey, it'll它会 just sit there forever永远.
33
92652
3439
人们把垃圾扔进大海
“看吧,它会一直在这里。
01:48
Can't do any damage损伤, right?"
34
96115
1646
并不会造成任何伤害,不是吗?”
01:49
AFAf: See, Chris克里斯, it's an incredible难以置信
substance物质 designed设计 for the economy经济.
35
97785
6767
安德烈:不得不承认,
塑料是对经济最好的设计,
01:56
It is the worst最差 substance物质 possible可能
for the environment环境.
36
104576
4696
也是对环境最坏的设计。
02:01
The worst最差 thing about plastics塑料,
as soon不久 as it hits点击 the environment环境,
37
109296
3187
最坏的情况是,
当塑料一触碰到大自然,
02:04
is that it fragments片段.
38
112507
2784
它会分解成碎片。
02:07
It never stops停止 being存在 plastic塑料.
39
115315
2443
它永远都是塑料,
02:09
It breaks休息 down smaller
and smaller and smaller,
40
117782
2695
只会分解得越来越小,越来越小,
02:12
and the breaking破坏 science科学 on this, Chris克里斯,
41
120501
2648
这其中突破性的科学原理,
02:15
which哪一个 we've我们已经 known已知 in marine海洋 ecology生态
for a few少数 years年份 now,
42
123173
2658
我们几年前在
海洋生态学中就有所了解,
02:17
but it's going to hit击中 humans人类.
43
125855
1940
它会影响到人类。
02:19
We are aware知道的 now that nanoplastic纳米塑料,
44
127918
3171
我们知道纳米塑料,
02:23
the very, very small particles粒子 of plastic塑料,
carrying携带 their negative charge收费,
45
131113
4602
也就是塑料中非常,非常
小的分子,带着负电荷,
02:27
can go straight直行 through通过
the pores毛孔 of your skin皮肤.
46
135739
2802
可以直接穿过你皮肤的毛孔。
02:31
That's not the bad news新闻.
47
139390
1175
这还不是最坏的。
02:32
The bad news新闻 is that it goes
straight直行 through通过 the blood-brain血脑屏障 barrier屏障,
48
140589
4542
最坏的部分是,
它会进入到你的血脑屏障,
02:37
that protective保护的 coating涂层 which哪一个 is there
to protect保护 your brain.
49
145155
2884
这层屏障能保护你的大脑。
你的大脑有着不规则的形状,
里面都是电荷。
02:40
Your brain's大脑的 a little amorphous非晶, wet湿 mass
full充分 of little electrical电动 charges收费.
50
148063
4007
02:44
You put a negative particle粒子 into that,
51
152094
3277
你放进去一个负电荷,
02:47
particularly尤其 a negative particle粒子
which哪一个 can carry携带 pathogens病原体 --
52
155395
3529
特别是一个可能
有病原体的负电荷——
02:50
so you have a negative charge收费,
it attracts吸引 positive-charge正电荷 elements分子,
53
158948
3584
负电荷可以吸引正电荷,
02:54
like pathogens病原体, toxins毒素,
54
162556
2424
比如病原体,毒素,
02:57
mercury, lead.
55
165004
1447
水银,铅。
02:58
That's the breaking破坏 science科学
we're going to see in the next下一个 12 months个月.
56
166595
3253
这就是我们一年内
会看到的突破性科学。
03:01
CACA: So already已经 I think you told me
that there's like 600 plastic塑料 bags包装袋 or so
57
169873
3555
克里斯:
你之前提到过,每条在海里的鱼
03:05
for every一切 fish that size尺寸
in the ocean海洋, something like that.
58
173453
3561
平均能“分配”到大约600个塑料袋。
03:09
And they're breaking破坏 down,
59
177388
2873
这些塑料在分解,
03:12
and there's going to be ever more of them,
60
180285
2039
会有更多的塑料袋,
目前我们甚至还没
意识到结局会是什么。
03:14
and we haven't没有 even seen看到 the start开始
of the consequences后果 of that.
61
182348
2977
安德烈:
是的,我们还没有。
03:17
AFAf: No, we really haven't没有.
62
185349
1597
艾伦·麦克阿瑟基金会
有很多优秀的科学家,
03:18
The Ellen艾伦 MacArthur麦克阿瑟 Foundation基础,
they're a bunch of good scientists科学家们,
63
186970
3224
我们和他们合作了一段时间。
03:22
we've我们已经 been working加工 with them for a while.
64
190218
2048
我完全验证了他们的工作。
03:24
I've completely全然 verified验证 their work.
65
192291
1740
03:26
They say there will be
one ton of plastic塑料, Chris克里斯,
66
194055
2706
他们说每三吨的鱼,
03:28
for every一切 three tons
of fish by, not 2050 --
67
196785
2520
就能够“分配”到一吨的垃圾,
不需要等到2050年——
03:31
and I really get impatient不耐烦 with people
who talk about 2050 -- by 2025.
68
199329
4605
每次人们讲2050年我都会
嗤之以鼻——而是2025年。
没几年了,
03:35
That's around the corner.
69
203958
1243
03:37
That's just the here and now.
70
205225
2123
这种情况眼看着就要发生了。
03:39
You don't need one ton of plastic塑料
to completely全然 wipe擦拭 out marine海洋 life.
71
207372
3259
不到一吨的塑料垃圾
就能彻底抹去海洋生物,
03:42
Less than that is going
to do a fine job工作 at it.
72
210655
3062
就算再少一点也一样。
03:45
So we have to end结束 it straightaway马上.
We've我们已经 got no time.
73
213741
4470
所以我们要尽快解决,
我们的时间所剩无几了。
03:50
CACA: OK, so you have an idea理念 for ending结尾 it,
and you're coming未来 at this
74
218235
4369
克里斯:
好的,你有一个很好的解决方法,
03:54
not as a typical典型 environmental环境的
campaigner活动家, I would say,
75
222628
2691
不像是那种典型的环境保护家,
而是以一个商人,
一个创业者的身份——
03:57
but as a businessman商人,
as an entrepreneur企业家, who has lived生活 --
76
225343
3190
04:00
you've spent花费 your whole整个 life thinking思维
about global全球 economic经济 systems系统
77
228557
3489
你用了你的一生
思考全球经济系统
04:04
and how they work.
78
232070
1653
和它的原理。
04:05
And if I understand理解 it right,
79
233747
1604
如果我理解得没错,
04:07
your idea理念 depends依靠 on heroes英雄
who look something like this.
80
235375
6522
你的想法是基于这样的英雄。
04:13
What's her profession职业?
81
241921
1512
她是做什么的?
04:15
AFAf: She, Chris克里斯, is a ragpicker碎石机,
82
243457
3209
安德烈:
她是一名拾荒者,
04:18
and there were 15, 20 million百万
ragpickers拾荒者 like her,
83
246690
3718
还有大约1500万到
2000万像她一样的人,
04:22
until直到 China中国 stopped停止 taking服用
everyone's大家的 waste浪费.
84
250432
4256
直到中国停止回收全世界的垃圾,
04:26
And the price价钱 of plastic塑料,
minuscule微不足道 that it was, collapsed倒塌.
85
254712
4215
原本微不足道的
塑料价格也随之崩塌了。
04:30
That led to people like her,
86
258951
1786
这导致很多像她一样的人,
04:32
which哪一个, now -- she is a child儿童
who is a schoolchild小学生.
87
260761
4218
那些学龄儿童没钱读书了,
04:37
She should be at school学校.
88
265003
1665
她应该在学校读书,
04:38
That's probably大概 very akin类似的 to slavery奴隶制度.
89
266692
2266
这和奴隶制非常相似。
04:40
My daughter女儿 Grace恩典 and I have met会见
hundreds数以百计 of people like her.
90
268982
2971
我和我的女儿格雷丝
看到了数百个像她一样的人。
04:43
CACA: And there are many许多 adults成年人 as well,
literally按照字面 millions百万 around the world世界,
91
271977
3555
克里斯: 全世界还有数百万
像她一样的成人,
在一些行业中,
04:47
and in some industries行业,
92
275556
1176
他们甚至功不可没,比如说,
04:48
they actually其实 account帐户
for the fact事实 that, for example,
93
276756
2565
我们并没有看到很多金属垃圾。
04:51
we don't see a lot
of metal金属 waste浪费 in the world世界.
94
279345
2202
安德烈:
正是如此。
04:53
AFAf: That's exactly究竟 right.
95
281571
1220
这个小女孩,事实上,
是保护环境的英雄。
04:54
That little girl女孩 is, in fact事实,
the hero英雄 of the environment环境.
96
282815
3130
04:57
She's in competition竞争 with
a great big petrochemical石化 plant
97
285969
3607
她在对抗一家石化厂,
05:01
which哪一个 is just down the road,
98
289600
1350
就在那条路的另一边,
一家市值35亿美元的石化厂。
05:02
the three-and-a-half-billion-dollar35亿美元
petrochemical石化 plant.
99
290974
2681
问题在于,
05:05
That's the problem问题.
100
293679
1159
在塑料堆填区中的油气资源
05:06
We've我们已经 got more oil and gas加油站
in plastic塑料 and landfill垃圾填埋场
101
294862
4445
05:11
than we have in the entire整个 oil and gas加油站
resources资源 of the United联合的 States状态.
102
299331
3769
比整个美国的油气资源还要多。
05:15
So she is the hero英雄.
103
303124
2023
从塑料回收的角度说,
她就是个英雄。
05:17
And that's what that landfill垃圾填埋场 looks容貌 like,
ladies女士们 and gentlemen绅士,
104
305171
2966
女士们先生们,
这就是堆填区的样子,
05:20
and it's solid固体 oil and gas加油站.
105
308161
2418
这些就是固态石油和天然气。
05:22
CACA: So there's huge巨大 value
potentially可能 locked锁定 up in there
106
310603
3672
克里斯:
所以这里有很大的开发潜能,
05:26
that the world's世界 ragpickers拾荒者 would,
if they could, make a living活的 from.
107
314299
4539
这些捡垃圾的人们,
如果他们愿意,会以此为生。
05:30
But why can't they?
108
318862
1600
但是为什么他们不能呢?
05:33
AFAf: Because we have ingrained根深蒂固 in us
109
321303
3262
安德烈:
因为我们都有一种根深蒂固的思想,
05:36
a price价钱 of plastic塑料 from fossil化石 fuels燃料,
110
324589
4336
来自化石燃料的原生塑料价格,
05:40
which哪一个 sits坐镇 just under what it takes
111
328949
3571
刚刚好比
05:44
to economically经济 and profitably盈利
recycle回收 plastic塑料 from plastic塑料.
112
332544
4550
通过经济的回收方法获得的
塑料的价格便宜一些。
05:49
See, all plastic塑料 is
is building建造 blocks from oil and gas加油站.
113
337118
5034
要知道,所有的塑料
都来自石油和天然气。
05:54
Plastic's塑料制品 100 percent百分 polymer聚合物,
which哪一个 is 100 percent百分 oil and gas加油站.
114
342176
3885
塑料百分之百是聚合物,
代表它百分之百是石油和天然气。
05:58
And you know we've我们已经 got
enough足够 plastic塑料 in the world世界
115
346085
2399
这世界上的塑料能满足我们
所有的需要。
06:00
for all our needs需求.
116
348508
1180
当我们回收塑料时,
06:01
And when we recycle回收 plastic塑料,
117
349712
2520
06:04
if we can't recycle回收 it cheaper便宜
than fossil化石 fuel汽油 plastic塑料,
118
352256
3265
如果我们的回收价格
比原生的价格高,
06:07
then, of course课程, the world世界
just sticks to fossil化石 fuel汽油 plastic塑料.
119
355545
3335
理所当然的,
大家就会用原生塑料。
06:10
CACA: So that's the fundamental基本的 problem问题,
120
358904
1980
克里斯:
所以最主要的问题是,
回收塑料的价格通常高于
06:12
the price价钱 of recycled回收 plastic塑料
is usually平时 more
121
360908
4110
06:17
than the price价钱 of just buying购买
it made制作 fresh新鲜 from more oil.
122
365042
4516
直接买新的塑料。
06:21
That's the fundamental基本的 problem问题.
123
369582
1547
这是最主要的问题。
06:23
AFAf: A slight轻微 tweak
of the rules规则 here, Chris克里斯.
124
371153
3139
安德烈:
我们把规则调整一下。
06:26
I'm a commodity商品 person.
125
374316
1768
我是一个商人。
06:28
I understand理解 that we used to have
scrap废料 metal金属 and rubbish垃圾 iron
126
376108
6999
我明白我们曾经有很多
废金属,比如废铁,
06:35
and bits of copper lying说谎
all round回合 the villages村庄,
127
383131
3011
还有一些铜,它们散布在
村子里的各个角落,
06:38
particularly尤其 in the developing发展 world世界.
128
386166
1829
特别是发展中国家。
06:40
And people worked工作 out it's got a value.
129
388019
1896
人们发现这些东西是值钱的。
06:41
It's actually其实 an article文章 of value,
130
389939
3155
它们实际上有价值,
06:45
not of waste浪费.
131
393118
1420
而不是废品。
06:46
Now the villages村庄 and the cities城市
and the streets街道 are clean清洁,
132
394562
3178
现在村庄,城市,道路上
都是干干净净的,
06:49
you don't trip over scrap废料 copper
or scrap废料 iron now,
133
397764
4538
如果你没有被废铁废铜绊倒,
06:54
because it's an article文章 of value,
it gets得到 recycled回收.
134
402326
3355
那是因为它们有价值,
它们被回收了。
06:57
CACA: So what's your idea理念, then,
to try to change更改 that in plastics塑料?
135
405705
5593
克里斯:所以你的主张是
对塑料进行类似的回收?
07:03
AFAf: OK, so Chris克里斯,
136
411322
1612
安德烈:
这么说吧,
07:04
for most part部分 of that PhD博士,
I've been doing research研究.
137
412958
3959
我读博士的大部分时间
都是在做研究。
07:08
And the good thing about being存在
a businessperson商人 who's谁是 doneDONE OK at it
138
416941
3271
当一个出色的商人的好处就是
07:12
is that people want to see you.
139
420236
1861
能见到很多人。
07:14
Other businesspeople生意人,
140
422121
1165
其他的商人,
07:15
even if you're kind of a bit of a zoo动物园
animal动物 species种类 they'd他们会 like to check out,
141
423310
4103
即使你是动物园里的动物,
他们也想看看,
07:19
they'll他们会 say, yeah, OK,
we'll all meet遇到 Twiggy特维吉 Forrest福雷斯特.
142
427437
2486
他们会说,好啊,让我们
见见 Twiggy(嘉宾的昵称)。
07:21
And so once一旦 you're in there,
143
429947
1869
当你们见面的时候,
07:23
you can interrogate审问 them.
144
431840
1520
你可以询问他们。
07:25
And I've been to most of the oil and gas加油站
and fast-moving快速移动 consumer消费者 good companies公司
145
433384
5969
我去过世界上大部分
的石油和天然气公司,
07:31
in the world世界,
146
439377
1201
以及快速消耗品公司,
07:32
and there is a real真实 will to change更改.
147
440602
3080
真的有想要做出改变的人。
07:35
I mean, there's a couple一对 of dinosaurs恐龙
148
443706
1805
的确有一些巨头,
希望好事发生却不愿为此努力,
07:37
who are going to hope希望
for the best最好 and do nothing,
149
445535
2488
07:40
but there's a real真实 will to change更改.
150
448047
1950
但是也有人真心想要做出改变。
07:42
So what I've been discussing讨论 is,
151
450021
1789
所以我一直谈论的是,
07:43
the seven and a half billion十亿
people in the world世界
152
451834
3476
世界上的75亿人,
07:47
don't actually其实 deserve值得 to have
their environment环境 smashed被砸 by plastic塑料,
153
455334
3917
他们的环境不应该被塑料摧毁,
07:51
their oceans海洋 rendered呈现 depauperate德帕佩率
or barren荒芜 of sea life because of plastic塑料.
154
459275
5212
他们的海洋不应该腐烂掉,
海洋生物不应该被塑料灭绝。
07:56
So you come down that chain,
155
464511
1433
所以你要找到这循环的开端,
07:57
and there's tens of thousands数千 of brands品牌
which哪一个 we all buy购买 heaps of products制品 from,
156
465968
4143
有成千上万的品牌,
我们成堆的买他们的产品,
08:02
but then there's only a hundred
major重大的 resin树脂 producers生产商,
157
470135
3475
但是只有一百个树脂生产商,
08:05
big petrochemical石化 plants植物,
158
473634
2136
大型石化厂,
08:07
that spew out all the plastic塑料
which哪一个 is single use.
159
475794
2719
只用过一次的塑料,
从那喷涌而出。
08:10
CACA: So one hundred companies公司
160
478537
1383
克里斯:
所以有一百个公司
08:11
are right at the base基础
of this food餐饮 chain, as it were.
161
479944
2501
在这循环的根源。
安德烈:
是的。
08:14
AFAf: Yeah.
162
482469
1159
08:15
CACA: And so what do you need
those one hundred companies公司 to do?
163
483652
2945
克里斯:那么这一百个公司,
你认为应该怎么做呢?
08:18
AFAf: OK, so we need them
to simply只是 raise提高 the value
164
486621
4549
安德烈:
很简单。我们需要他们提高
08:23
of the building建造 blocks of plastic塑料
from oil and gas加油站,
165
491194
2864
用石油和天然气
做成的塑料的价格,
08:26
which哪一个 I call "bad plastic塑料,"
166
494082
2575
我们把它们称作“坏塑料”,
08:28
raise提高 the value of that,
167
496681
1302
提高它们的价格,
08:30
so that when it spreads利差 through通过 the brands品牌
and onto us, the customers顾客,
168
498007
3829
而当它们进入市场后,
我们作为消费者,
08:33
we won't惯于 barely仅仅 even notice注意
an increase增加 in our coffee咖啡 cup杯子
169
501860
4457
甚至不会注意到
咖啡杯的涨价
08:38
or Coke可乐 or Pepsi百事可乐, or anything.
170
506341
2983
或者可乐,或者百事
任何东西的轻微涨价。
08:41
CACA: Like, what, like a cent一分钱 extra额外?
171
509348
1764
克里斯:
就贵了1分钱?
08:43
AFAf: Less. Quarter25美分硬币 of a cent一分钱, half a cent一分钱.
172
511136
1998
安德烈:
更少,半分钱。
08:45
It'll它会 be absolutely绝对 minimal最小.
173
513158
3190
这种增长几乎察觉不到。
08:48
But what it does,
174
516372
1253
但是它的作用是,
08:49
it makes品牌 every一切 bit of plastic塑料
all over the world世界 an article文章 of value.
175
517649
4692
能使世界上每一片垃圾都有价值。
08:54
Where you have the waste浪费 worst最差,
176
522365
3477
当你有很严重的污染,
08:57
say Southeast东南 Asia亚洲, India印度,
177
525866
1884
比如说东南亚,印度,
08:59
that's where the wealth财富 is most.
178
527774
2081
那里是财富最丰盈的地方。
09:01
CACA: OK, so it feels感觉 like
there's two parts部分 to this.
179
529879
2453
克里斯:好的,所以
这里面包含两部分。
09:04
One is, if they will charge收费 more money
180
532356
3998
第一部分,让原生塑料涨价,
09:08
but carve雕刻 out that excess过量
181
536378
3183
并把价格超出的部分
09:11
and pay工资 it -- into what? --
a fund基金 operated操作 by someone有人
182
539585
4470
用来支付——
比如某种被管理的资金,
09:16
to tackle滑车 this problem问题 of -- what?
183
544079
2765
用来解决什么样的问题是吗?
09:18
What would that money be used for,
that they charge收费 the extra额外 for?
184
546868
3591
那些钱会用来做什么?
那些额外的钱?
09:22
AFAf: So when I speak说话
to really big businesses企业,
185
550483
2460
安德烈:
当我跟大企业交谈时,
09:24
I say, "Look, I need you to change更改,
and I need you to change更改 really fast快速,"
186
552967
3546
我会说 “听着,我需要你
改了这个,而且越快越好。”
09:28
their eyes眼睛 are going
to peel over in boredom无聊,
187
556537
2716
他们的眼神透露出不感兴趣,
09:31
unless除非 I say, "And it's good business商业."
188
559277
2339
除非我说:
“这是一个很不错的项目。”
09:33
"OK, now you've got my attention注意, Andrew安德鲁."
189
561640
2093
“现在我开始感兴趣了,安德烈。”
09:35
So I say, "Right, I need
you to make a contribution贡献
190
563757
2836
所以我会说:
“好的,我需要你
09:38
to an environmental环境的
and industry行业 transition过渡 fund基金.
191
566617
2536
对环境和产业转型资金做出贡献。
09:41
Over two or three years年份,
192
569177
1435
在接下来的两三年,
09:42
the entire整个 global全球 plastics塑料 industry行业
193
570636
2197
整个全球塑料产业
09:44
can transition过渡 from getting得到
its building建造 blocks from fossil化石 fuel汽油
194
572857
4106
可以从使用化石燃料
09:48
to getting得到 its building建造
blocks from plastic塑料.
195
576987
2095
转变到用回收塑料。
09:51
The technology技术 is out there.
196
579106
1461
这项科技已经存在了,
09:52
It's proven证明."
197
580591
1270
已经被证实过有效。
09:53
I've taken采取 two multibillion-dollar数十亿美元
operations操作 from nothing,
198
581885
3477
我已经从无到有进行了
两次数十亿美元的操作,
认识到这项技术是可以规模化的。
09:57
recognizing认识 that
the technology技术 can be scaled缩放.
199
585386
2819
10:00
I see at least最小 a dozen technologies技术
in plastic塑料 to handle处理 all types类型 of plastic塑料.
200
588229
4494
我见过至少十几种可以
处理各种各样的塑料的科技。
10:04
So once一旦 those technologies技术
have an economic经济 margin余量,
201
592747
3552
一旦这项产业为这些科技
10:08
which哪一个 this gives them,
202
596323
1922
带来了经济价值,
10:10
that's where the global全球 public上市
will get all their plastic塑料 from,
203
598269
3264
这将会使全世界的塑料需求
10:13
from existing现有 plastic塑料.
204
601557
1874
都转向回收塑料。
10:15
CACA: So every一切 sale拍卖 of virgin处女 plastic塑料
contributes有助于 money to a fund基金
205
603455
4141
克里斯:所以每卖出
一片新塑料,就会有更多资金
10:19
that is used to basically基本上
transition过渡 the industry行业
206
607620
2834
用于此产业的转型,
10:22
and start开始 to pay工资 for things
like cleanup清理 and other pieces.
207
610478
2843
以及环境的清理。
安德烈:
当然,当然。
10:25
AFAf: Absolutely绝对. Absolutely绝对.
208
613345
1365
克里斯:
而且它有不可思议的额外优点,
10:26
CACA: And it has
the incredible难以置信 side benefit效益,
209
614734
2012
10:28
which哪一个 is maybe even the main主要 benefit效益,
210
616770
1781
甚至可以成为主要优点,
那就是创造新市场。
10:30
of creating创建 a market市场.
211
618575
1350
10:31
It suddenly突然 makes品牌 recyclable可回收 plastic塑料
212
619949
3132
忽然之间,可回收塑料
10:35
a giant巨人 business商业 that can unlock开锁
millions百万 of people around the world世界
213
623105
4589
成为了巨大的产业,
可以帮助世上数百万的人
10:39
to find a new living活的 collecting搜集 it.
214
627718
1841
找到新的生活方式。
10:41
AFAf: Yeah, exactly究竟.
215
629583
1153
安德烈:
正是如此。
10:42
So all you do is, you've got fossil化石
fuel汽油 plastics塑料 at this value
216
630760
4524
也就是说,比如原生塑料在这个价格,
10:47
and recycled回收 plastic塑料 at this value.
217
635308
2057
回收塑料在这个价格,
10:49
You change更改 it.
218
637389
1313
我们让它们交换一下,
10:50
So recycled回收 plastic塑料 is cheaper便宜.
219
638726
2587
让回收塑料更便宜。
10:53
What I love about this most, Chris克里斯,
is that, you know,
220
641636
3167
我最喜欢的部分是,
10:56
we waste浪费 into the environment环境
300, 350 million百万 tons of plastic塑料.
221
644827
5551
我们向环境中倾倒了3.5亿吨塑料,
11:02
On the oil and gas加油站 companies公司 own拥有 accounts账户,
222
650402
2537
根据石油和天然气公司的估计,
11:04
it's going to grow增长 to 500 million百万 tons.
223
652963
2016
这个数字将会达到5亿。
11:07
This is an accelerating加速 problem问题.
224
655003
2428
这个问题在加速。
11:09
But every一切 ton of that is polymer聚合物.
225
657455
3750
但是每一吨塑料都是聚合物,
11:13
Polymer聚合物 is 1,000 dollars美元,
1,500 dollars美元 a ton.
226
661229
3504
聚合物是1000或1500美元一吨。
11:16
That's half a trillion dollars美元
which哪一个 could go into business商业
227
664757
4104
大约5000万美元会流入回收行业,
11:20
and could create创建 jobs工作 and opportunities机会
and wealth财富 right across横过 the world世界,
228
668885
3539
可以创造工作和各种机会,
创造国际化的财富,
11:24
particularly尤其 in the most impoverished贫困.
229
672448
1999
特别是在贫困地区。
但是我们就这么白白扔掉了。
11:26
Yet然而 we throw it away.
230
674471
1257
克里斯:
所以这样能让大公司们投资
11:27
CACA: So this would allow允许 the big companies公司
to invest投资 in recycling回收 plants植物
231
675752
3380
11:31
literally按照字面 all over the world世界 --
232
679156
1509
世界各地的回收工厂——
11:32
AFAf: All over the world世界.
233
680689
1152
安德烈:
任何地方。
11:33
Because the technology技术
is low-capital低资本 cost成本,
234
681865
2048
因为科技不需要
大量的资金成本,
你可以把它放在垃圾堆里,
酒店地下室,
11:35
you can put it in at rubbish垃圾 dumps转储,
at the bottom底部 of big hotels酒店,
235
683937
3037
垃圾场,任何地方,
11:38
garbage垃圾 depots车厂, everywhere到处,
236
686998
1302
将垃圾转换为树脂。
11:40
turn that waste浪费 into resin树脂.
237
688324
1294
11:41
CACA: Now, you're a philanthropist慈善家,
238
689642
1598
克里斯:
你是一个慈善家,
而且你也已经
投入了自己的资金。
11:43
and you're ready准备 to commit承诺
some of your own拥有 wealth财富 to this.
239
691264
2789
那么慈善在这个项目中的作用是什么?
11:46
What is the role角色 of philanthropy慈善事业
in this project项目?
240
694077
2298
安德烈:我认为我们需要
投入4到5千万美元
11:48
AFAf: I think what we have to do
is kick in the 40 to 50 million百万 US dollars美元
241
696399
3834
11:52
to get it going,
242
700257
1400
才能让它运行,
11:53
and then we have to create创建
absolute绝对 transparency透明度
243
701681
2469
当然我们还需要绝对的透明度,
11:56
so everyone大家 can see
exactly究竟 what's going on.
244
704174
3230
让每个人都能了解实时状况。
11:59
From the resin树脂 producers生产商
to the brands品牌 to the consumers消费者,
245
707428
3260
从树脂生产商到品牌消费者,
12:02
everyone大家 gets得到 to see
who is playing播放 the game游戏,
246
710712
2524
每个人都可以看到
谁在掌管大权,
12:05
who is protecting保护 the Earth地球,
and who doesn't care关心.
247
713260
2658
谁在保护地球,
谁又满不在乎。
12:07
And that'll那会 cost成本 about
a million百万 dollars美元 a week,
248
715942
2331
这个的花费大概是
每周100万美元,
12:10
and we're going to underwrite包销
that for five years年份.
249
718297
2386
我们会提供大约5年的资金。
12:12
Total contribution贡献 is circa大约
300 million百万 US dollars美元.
250
720707
2830
总共的支出大约是三亿。
12:15
CACA: Wow.
251
723561
1327
克里斯:
哇。
现在——
12:16
Now --
252
724912
1253
(鼓掌)
12:18
(Applause掌声)
253
726189
4882
12:23
You've talked to other companies公司,
like to the Coca-Colas可口可乐 of this world世界,
254
731095
3431
你也讲了别的公司,
像是可口可乐,
12:26
who are willing愿意 to do this,
they're willing愿意 to pay工资 a higher更高 price价钱,
255
734550
3138
是愿意这么做的,
他们愿意为保护环境
12:29
they would like to pay工资 a higher更高 price价钱,
256
737712
1827
而付高价,
非常公平。
12:31
so long as it's fair公平.
257
739563
1155
12:32
AFAf: Yeah, it's fair公平.
258
740742
2384
安德烈:
是的,非常公平。
12:35
So, Coca-Cola可口可乐 wouldn't不会
like Pepsi百事可乐 to play ball
259
743150
3155
除非全世界都知道
百事可乐没有参与合作,
12:38
unless除非 the whole整个 world世界 knew知道
that Pepsi百事可乐 wasn't playing播放 ball.
260
746329
2797
否则可口可乐不会
想要百事可乐参与进来,
12:41
Then they don't care关心.
261
749150
1174
那么他们也就不在乎。
12:42
So it's that transparency透明度 of the market市场
262
750348
2894
所以,这就是市场的透明性,
12:45
where, if people try and cheat作弊 the system系统,
263
753266
2334
如果有人试图作弊,
12:47
the market市场 can see it,
the consumers消费者 can see it.
264
755624
2361
那么整个市场都会看到,
所有消费者也会看到。
12:50
The consumers消费者 want a role角色 to play in this.
265
758009
2126
消费者也想发挥作用。
12:52
Seven and a half billion十亿 of us.
266
760159
1527
我们有75亿人。
12:53
We don't want our world世界 smashed被砸
by a hundred companies公司.
267
761710
2610
我们不想整个世界
毁在几百个公司中。
克里斯:
你提到了公司能做些什么,
12:56
CACA: Well, so tell us, you've said
what the companies公司 can do
268
764344
2808
以及你愿意做的事情。
我们的观众可以做些什么呢?
12:59
and what you're willing愿意 to do.
269
767176
1467
13:00
What can people listening do?
270
768667
1393
13:02
AFAf: OK, so I would like all of us,
271
770084
2297
安德烈:
我想请各位,
13:04
all around the world世界,
272
772405
1199
还有世界上所有的人,
13:05
to go a website网站 called noplasticwaste无塑料废物.org组织.
273
773628
3084
登陆一个叫做
noplasticwaste.org 的网站。
13:08
You contact联系 your hundred resin树脂 producers生产商
274
776736
2126
你可以找到你所在地区
13:10
which哪一个 are in your region地区.
275
778886
1440
的一百个树脂生产商。
13:12
You will have at least最小 one
276
780350
1673
你会至少联系上其中一家,
13:14
within an email电子邮件 or Twitter推特
or a telephone电话 contact联系 from you,
277
782047
4434
给他们发邮件,
发推特,或是打电话,
13:18
and let them know that you would like them
to make a contribution贡献 to a fund基金
278
786505
5435
告诉他们,你希望他们为
由某个行业或世界银行
13:23
which哪一个 industry行业 can manage管理
or the World世界 Bank银行 can manage管理.
279
791964
2627
所管理的基金捐款。
13:26
It raises加薪 tens of billions数十亿
of dollars美元 per year
280
794615
3694
如果每年收集到几百亿的捐款,
13:30
so you can transition过渡 the industry行业
to getting得到 all its plastic塑料 from plastic塑料,
281
798333
4682
你就可以让这个产业转型,
用塑料来再生塑料,
13:35
not from fossil化石 fuel汽油.
282
803039
1172
而不再使用化石燃料,
前者对环境更友好。
13:36
We don't need that.
That's bad. This is good.
283
804235
2247
13:38
And it can clean清洁 up the environment环境.
284
806506
2012
剩余的资金还可以用来治理环境。
13:40
We've我们已经 got enough足够 capital首都 there,
285
808542
1553
我们有足够的资金,
13:42
we've我们已经 got tens of billions数十亿
of dollars美元, Chris克里斯, per annum每年
286
810119
2957
每年有几百亿美元
13:45
to clean清洁 up the environment环境.
287
813100
1432
用来净化环境。
13:46
CACA: You're in the recycling回收 business商业.
288
814556
1775
克里斯:
你已经在回收行业了。
13:48
Isn't this a conflict冲突 of interest利益 for you,
289
816355
2006
这难道不会损失你的利益吗,
或者,这对你来说反而
是一个巨大的商机?
13:50
or rather, a huge巨大 business商业
opportunity机会 for you?
290
818385
2209
安德烈:
是的,我在铁矿行业,
13:52
AFAf: Yeah, look, I'm in
the iron ore矿石 business商业,
291
820619
2131
我与废铁公司竞争,
13:54
and I compete竞争 against反对
the scrap废料 metal金属 business商业,
292
822775
2209
这就是为什么你不会在走路的时候
绊倒在一堆废铁上,
13:57
and that's why you don't have
any scrap废料 lying说谎 around to trip over,
293
825008
3435
14:00
and cut your toe脚趾 on,
294
828467
1449
划破脚趾,
14:01
because it gets得到 collected.
295
829940
1276
因为它们被回收了。
克里斯:这不是你
进入塑料回收行业的借口,
14:03
CACA: This isn't your excuse借口
to go into the plastic塑料 recycling回收 business商业.
296
831240
3294
安德烈:
不是的,我还要大力提倡。
14:06
AFAf: No, I am going to cheer欢呼 for this boom繁荣.
297
834558
2321
14:08
This will be the internet互联网
of plastic塑料 waste浪费.
298
836903
2111
这会成为塑料垃圾行业中的互联网。
14:11
This will be a boom繁荣 industry行业
which哪一个 will spread传播 all over the world世界,
299
839038
3339
这会是横跨世界的成熟产业,
14:14
and particularly尤其 where poverty贫穷 is worst最差
because that's where the rubbish垃圾 is most,
300
842401
4059
特别是严重贫困的地区,
因为那是垃圾最多的地方,
14:18
and that's the resource资源.
301
846484
1316
同时也是资源所在地。
14:19
So I'm going to cheer欢呼 for it
and stand back.
302
847824
3207
所以我要大力提倡,并且全力支持。
14:23
CACA: Twiggy特维吉, we're in an era时代
303
851055
1345
克里斯:
Twiggy,在我们所处的年代,
14:24
where so many许多 people around the world世界
are craving a new, regenerative再生 economy经济,
304
852424
4665
很多人在世界各地
发展新的,再生的经济,
让这些巨大的供应链,
这些巨大的产业
14:29
these big supply供应 chains,
these big industries行业,
305
857113
2629
14:31
to fundamentally从根本上 transform转变.
306
859766
2041
发生根本性的转变。
14:33
It strikes罢工 me as a giant巨人 idea理念,
307
861831
1732
这个了不起的想法震撼到我了,
14:35
and you're going to need a lot of people
cheering欢呼 you on your way
308
863587
3060
在这个过程中,
我们也需要得到很多人的支持,
才能继续前进。
14:38
to make it happen发生.
309
866671
1166
感谢您与我们分享这些。
14:39
Thank you for sharing分享 this with us.
310
867861
1675
安德烈:
非常感谢,克里斯。
14:41
AFAf: Thank you very much. Thank you, Chris克里斯.
311
869560
2024
(鼓掌)
14:43
(Applause掌声)
312
871608
1492
Translated by Chloe Ma

▲Back to top

ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Andrew Forrest - Entrepreneur
Andrew "Twiggy" Forrest is an Australian businessman, philanthropist and entrepreneur, widely considered one of the country’s greatest change agents.

Why you should listen

As founder and chairman of Fortescue Metals Group, Andrew Forrest has led the company from inception to a market capitalisation of more than AU$30billion. In 2001, he co-founded Minderoo Foundation with his wife Nicola, and he's since donated more than AU$1.5 billion to its core initiatives and more than 280 causes around the world. Never daunted by the scale of a challenge, Forrest devotes his relentless energy to tackling some of the world’s greatest problems, including Indigenous disparity, modern slavery and cancer.

But it is Forrest's most recent pursuit -- a PhD in Marine Ecology -- that led him to the TED stage. Driven by a lifelong love for the oceans, Forrest studied marine life and, along the way, encountered the destructive impacts of ocean plastic pollution, which he is now striving to apprehend. 

More profile about the speaker
Andrew Forrest | Speaker | TED.com
Chris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading.

Why you should listen

Chris Anderson is the Curator of TED, a nonprofit devoted to sharing valuable ideas, primarily through the medium of 'TED Talks' -- short talks that are offered free online to a global audience.

Chris was born in a remote village in Pakistan in 1957. He spent his early years in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, where his parents worked as medical missionaries, and he attended an American school in the Himalayas for his early education. After boarding school in Bath, England, he went on to Oxford University, graduating in 1978 with a degree in philosophy, politics and economics.

Chris then trained as a journalist, working in newspapers and radio, including two years producing a world news service in the Seychelles Islands.

Back in the UK in 1984, Chris was captivated by the personal computer revolution and became an editor at one of the UK's early computer magazines. A year later he founded Future Publishing with a $25,000 bank loan. The new company initially focused on specialist computer publications but eventually expanded into other areas such as cycling, music, video games, technology and design, doubling in size every year for seven years. In 1994, Chris moved to the United States where he built Imagine Media, publisher of Business 2.0 magazine and creator of the popular video game users website IGN. Chris eventually merged Imagine and Future, taking the combined entity public in London in 1999, under the Future name. At its peak, it published 150 magazines and websites and employed 2,000 people.

This success allowed Chris to create a private nonprofit organization, the Sapling Foundation, with the hope of finding new ways to tackle tough global issues through media, technology, entrepreneurship and, most of all, ideas. In 2001, the foundation acquired the TED Conference, then an annual meeting of luminaries in the fields of Technology, Entertainment and Design held in Monterey, California, and Chris left Future to work full time on TED.

He expanded the conference's remit to cover all topics, including science, business and key global issues, while adding a Fellows program, which now has some 300 alumni, and the TED Prize, which grants its recipients "one wish to change the world." The TED stage has become a place for thinkers and doers from all fields to share their ideas and their work, capturing imaginations, sparking conversation and encouraging discovery along the way.

In 2006, TED experimented with posting some of its talks on the Internet. Their viral success encouraged Chris to begin positioning the organization as a global media initiative devoted to 'ideas worth spreading,' part of a new era of information dissemination using the power of online video. In June 2015, the organization posted its 2,000th talk online. The talks are free to view, and they have been translated into more than 100 languages with the help of volunteers from around the world. Viewership has grown to approximately one billion views per year.

Continuing a strategy of 'radical openness,' in 2009 Chris introduced the TEDx initiative, allowing free licenses to local organizers who wished to organize their own TED-like events. More than 8,000 such events have been held, generating an archive of 60,000 TEDx talks. And three years later, the TED-Ed program was launched, offering free educational videos and tools to students and teachers.

More profile about the speaker
Chris Anderson | Speaker | TED.com