TEDIndia 2009
Shaffi Mather: A new way to fight corruption
Shaffi Mather: O noua cale de a lupta impotriva coruptiei
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Shaffi Mather ne explica de ce a parasit prima lui cariera pentru a deveni antrepenor social, furnizand transport de urgenta cu ambulantele firmei lui "1298 for Ambulance". Acum are o idee noua si planuieste sa infiinteze o companie care sa lupte impotriva coruptiei in ascensiune din serviciile publice, eliminand spaga una cate una.
Shaffi Mather - Social entrepreneur, lawyer
Shaffi Mather is the founder of 1298 for Ambulance, Education Access for All, and co-promoter of Moksha-Yug Access. Full bio
Shaffi Mather is the founder of 1298 for Ambulance, Education Access for All, and co-promoter of Moksha-Yug Access. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
The anger in me against corruption
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Furia din mine asupra coruptiei
00:19
made me to make a big career change
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m-a determinat sa fac o mare schimbare de cariera
00:22
last year, becoming a full-time practicing lawyer.
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devenind avocat practicant cu norma intreaga.
00:26
My experiences over the last 18 months,
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Experientele mele, in ultimele 18 luni,
00:30
as a lawyer, has seeded in me
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ca avocat, au inițiat in mine
00:32
a new entrepreneurial idea,
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o noua idee antreprenoriala,
00:35
which I believe is indeed
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care cred cu adevarat ca
00:37
worth spreading.
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merita impartasita.
00:39
So, I share it with all of you here today,
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Asa ca o voi impartasi cu voi astazi,
00:42
though the idea itself is getting crystallized
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desi idea in sine e in proces de cristalizare
00:44
and I'm still writing up the business plan.
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si inca scriu planul de afaceri.
00:47
Of course it helps that fear of public failure
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Desigur ajuta faptul ca teama de esec public
00:50
diminishes as the number of ideas
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scade pe masura ce numarul de idei
00:53
which have failed increases.
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care au esuat creste.
00:57
I've been a huge fan of enterprise and entrepreneurship
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Am fost un mare fan al afacerilor si al spiritului antreprenorial
01:00
since 1993.
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din 1993.
01:02
I've explored, experienced,
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Am explorat, practicat,
01:04
and experimented enterprise
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si am experimentat domeniul afacerilor
01:06
and capitalism to my heart's content.
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si capitalismul dupa cum am vrut.
01:09
I built, along with my two brothers,
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Am construit, impreuna cu cei doi frati ai mei
01:11
the leading real estate company in my home state, Kerala,
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compania de vârf in domeniul imobiliar in statul meu de origine, Kerala.
01:15
and then worked professionally
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Si apoi am colaborat pe plan profesional
01:17
with two of India's biggest businessmen,
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cu doi dintre cei mai mari oameni de afaceri din India,
01:20
but in their startup enterprises.
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dar in firmele lor de debut.
01:23
In 2003, when I stepped out of the pure play capitalistic sector
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In 2003, cand am iesit din sectorul pur capitalist
01:28
to work on so-called social sector issues,
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pentru a lucra in asa numitul sector al problemelor sociale,
01:32
I definitely did not have any grand strategy
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in mod cert n-am avut o strategie grandioasa
01:36
or plan to pursue and find
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sau un plan de-a urma sau gasi
01:39
for-profit solutions
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solutii profitabile
01:41
to addressing pressing public issues.
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care sa adreseze probleme de interes public.
01:44
When life brought about a series
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Cand viata mi-a adus o serie de
01:46
of death and near-death experiences
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experiente de moarte sau aproape de moarte
01:49
within my close circle,
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in cercul meu de apropiati,
01:51
which highlighted the need
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aceasta a evidentiat nevoia
01:53
for an emergency medical response service in India,
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unui serviciu medical de urgenta in India,
01:56
similar to 911 in USA.
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similar cu 911 in SUA.
01:59
To address this, I, along with four friends,
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Ca sa demaram, eu, impreuna cu patru prieteni,
02:02
founded Ambulance Access for All,
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am fondat "Ambulance Access for All",
02:04
to promote life-support ambulance services in India.
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pentru a promova serviciile de ambulanta in India.
02:08
For those from the developing world,
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Pentru cei din tarile in curs de dezvoltare,
02:10
there is nothing, absolutely nothing new in this idea.
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nu este nimic, absolut nimic nou in aceasta idee.
02:13
But as we envisioned it,
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Dar cand am conceput-o,
02:15
we had three key goals:
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am avut trei obiective principale:
02:17
Providing world-class life support ambulance service
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Sa furnizam un serviciu de ambulanta de clasa-mondiala
02:20
which is fully self-sustainable from its own revenue streams,
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complet independent financiar,
02:23
and universally accessible
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si accesibil universal
02:25
to anyone in a medical emergency,
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pentru oricine are o urgenta medicala,
02:28
irrespective of the capability to pay.
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indiferent de posibilitatea de a plati.
02:31
The service which grew out of this,
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Acest program de deservire a evoluat.
02:33
Dial 1298 for Ambulance,
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Sunati 1298 pentru Ambulanta,
02:35
with one ambulance in 2004,
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cu o ambulanta in 2004,
02:38
now has a hundred-plus ambulances in three states,
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acum are peste o suta de ambulante in trei state,
02:41
and has transported over 100,000 patients
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si a transportat peste 100.000 de pacienti
02:44
and victims since inception.
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si victime pana in prezent.
02:46
The service is -- (Applause)
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Serviciul este -- (Aplauze)
02:49
fully self-sustainable from its own revenues,
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complet independent financiar cu venituri proprii,
02:52
without accessing any public funds,
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fara sa acceseze banii publici
02:54
and the cross-subsidy model actually works,
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iar modelul de plata incrucisata chiar functioneaza,
02:58
where the rich pays higher, poor pays lower,
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in care cei bogati platesc mai mult, iar cei saraci mai putin,
03:01
and the accident victim is getting the service free of charge.
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si victimele accidentelor primesc serviciul fara sa plateasca.
03:05
The service responded effectively
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Acest serviciu a avut un impact efectiv
03:07
and efficiently,
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si eficient,
03:09
during the unfortunate
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in timpul nefericit al
03:11
26/11 Mumbai terror attacks.
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atacurilor teroriste din 26/11 din Mumbai.
03:14
And as you can see from the visuals,
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Si dupa cum vedeti din imagini,
03:18
the service was responding and rescuing
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serviciul raspundea si salva
03:21
victims from the incident locations
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victimele de la locul incidentelor
03:24
even before the police could cordon off
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chiar inainte ca politia sa delimiteze zona
03:27
the incident locations
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unde s-a produs incidentul
03:30
and formally confirm it as a terror strike.
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si sa confirme faptul ca a fost un atac terorist.
03:33
We ended up being the first medical response team
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Am reusit sa fim prima echipa medicala care-a raspuns
03:37
in every incident location
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la fiecare locatie atacata
03:40
and transported 125 victims,
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si am transportat 125 de victime,
03:43
saving life.
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salvandu-le viata.
03:45
(Applause)
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(Aplauze)
03:50
In tribute and remembrance
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Ca omagiu si in amintirea
03:54
of 26/11 attacks
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atacurilor din 26/11
03:58
over the last one year,
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din ultimul an,
04:01
we have actually helped a Pakistani NGO,
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am ajutat un ONG din Pakistan,
04:04
Aman Foundation,
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fundatia Aman,
04:07
to set up a self-sustainable life support ambulance service
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sa-si infiinteze un serviciu de ambulanta independent
04:11
in Karachi, facilitated by Acumen Fund.
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in Karachi, facilitat de "Acumen Fund".
04:14
(Applause)
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(Aplauze)
04:20
It's a small message from us,
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Este un mic mesaj din partea noastra,
04:24
in our own small way
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in felul nostru unic
04:26
to the enemies of humanity,
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pentru dusmanii umanitatii,
04:28
of Islam, of South Asia,
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ai Islamului, ai Africii de Sud,
04:31
of India, and of Pakistan,
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ai Indiei si Pakistanului,
04:34
that humanity will continue to bloom,
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si anume ca umanitatea va continua sa prospere,
04:37
irrespective of such dastardly attacks.
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indiferent de aceste atacuri miselesti.
04:39
Since then I've also co-founded two other social enterprises.
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De atunci am mai co-fondat inca doua intreprinderi sociale.
04:43
One is Education Access for All,
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Una este 'Acces la Educatie petnru Toti',
04:45
setting up schools in small-town India.
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care infiinteaza scoli in orasele mici din India.
04:48
And the other is Moksha-Yug Access,
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Celalalta este "Moksha-Yug Acces",
04:50
which is integrating rural supply chain
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care integreaza un lant de aprovizionare rurala
04:52
on the foundations of self-help group-based microfinance.
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bazat pe intrajutorare de grup care ofera microfinantari.
04:57
I guess we seem to be doing at least a few things right.
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Presupun ca facem cel putin cateva lucruri corect.
05:00
Because diligent investors and venture funds
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Pentru ca investitorii activi si fondurile de risc
05:03
have committed over 7.5 million dollars in funding.
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s-au angajat la o finantare de peste 7,5 milioane de dolari,
05:07
With the significance being these funds have come in
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cu semnificatia ca aceste fonduri au intrat
05:09
as a QT capital, not as grant or as philanthropy.
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ca un capital QT, nu ca subventie sau acte de caritate.
05:13
Now I come back to the idea of the new social enterprise
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Acum ma intorc la ideea noii intreprinderi sociale
05:16
that I'm exploring.
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pe care o explorez:
05:18
Corruption, bribes, and lack of transparency.
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coruptia, mita, si lipsa de transparenta.
05:21
You may be surprised to know
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Ati putea fi surprinsi sa stiti
05:23
that eight speakers yesterday
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ca opt dintre vorbitorii de ieri
05:26
actually mentioned these terms in their talks.
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au mentionat acesti termeni in discursurile lor.
05:29
Bribes and corruption have both a demand and a supply side,
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Mita si coruptia includ si un aspect de cerere si unul de oferta.
05:32
with the supply side being mostly of
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Oferta e reprezentata in mare parte
05:35
greedy corporate unethical businesses
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de corporatii lacome lipsite de etica
05:37
and hapless common man.
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si de omul de toate zilele nefericit.
05:39
And the demand side being mostly politicians,
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Iar partea de cerere e alcatuita in mare parte de politicieni,
05:42
bureaucrats and those who have discretionary power
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birocrati si cei ce au putere discretionara
05:44
vested with them.
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investita in ei.
05:46
According to World Bank estimate,
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Dupa estimarile Bancii Mondiale,
05:48
one trillion dollars is paid in bribes
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un trilion de dolari e platit ca mita
05:51
every year, worsening the condition
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in fiecare an, inrautatind situatia
05:53
of the already worse off.
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celor care sunt deja intr-o situatie proasta.
05:55
Yet, if you analyze the common man,
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Cu toate astea, daca ati analiza un om obisnuit,
05:58
he or she does not wake up every day and say,
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el nu se trezeste in fiecare zi spunand,
06:01
"Hmm, let me see who I can pay a bribe to today."
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"Hmm, sa vad pe cine mai pot sa mituiesc astazi."
06:04
or, "Let me see who I can corrupt today."
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sau, "Sa vad pe cine mai pot sa corup azi."
06:07
Often it is the constraining or the back-to-the-wall situation
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Frecvent, apare o situatie dificila sau fara iesire
06:12
that the hapless common man finds himself or herself in
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in care se trezeste omul comun nefericit
06:15
that leads him to pay a bribe.
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care il determina sa dea mita.
06:17
In the modern day world, where time is premium
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In lumea moderna, unde timpul e pretios,
06:20
and battle for subsistence is unimaginably tough,
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iar lupta pentru subzistenta este inimaginabil de dura,
06:23
the hapless common man
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omul comun nefericit
06:25
simply gives in and pays the bribe just to get on with life.
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pur si simplu plateste mita doar ca sa-si continue viata.
06:30
Now, let me ask you another question.
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Acum, sa va pun o alta intrebare.
06:32
Imagine you are being asked to pay a bribe
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Imaginati-va ca vi se cere sa dati mita
06:34
in your day-to-day life to get something done.
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in viata de zi cu zi pentru a intreprinde ceva.
06:37
What do you do? Of course you can call the police.
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Ce faceti ? Desigur puteti suna politia.
06:40
But what is the use if the police department is in itself steeped in corruption?
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Dar la ce bun daca si departamentul de politie e corupt?
06:44
Most definitely you don't want to pay the bribe.
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Cu siguranta nu doriti sa dati mita.
06:47
But you also don't have the time, resources,
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Dar nici nu aveti timpul, resursele,
06:50
expertise or wherewithal to fight this.
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expertiza sau mijloacele necesare pentru a lupta cu asta.
06:53
Unfortunately, many of us in this room
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Din nefericire, multi dintre noi din aceasta sala
06:57
are supporters of capitalist policies and market forces.
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sunt sustinatori ai politicilor capitaliste si puterilor de piata.
07:01
Yet the market forces around the world
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Cu toate acestea puterile de piata din jurul lumii
07:04
have not yet thrown up a service where you can call in,
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inca nu au lansat un serviciu la care sa puteti suna,
07:07
pay a fee, and fight the demand for a bribe.
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plati o taxa si combate solicitarea de mita.
07:10
Like a bribe buster service,
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De exemplu: un birou de serviciu anti-mita,
07:13
or 1-800-Fight-Bribes,
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sau un telefon de urgenta: 1-800-Combateti-Mita
07:15
or www.stopbribes.org or
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sau un site www.stopmitei.org
07:19
www.preventcorruption.org.
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ori www.preveniti-coruptia.org.
07:22
Such a service simply do not exist.
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Un astfel de serviciu pur si simplu nu exista.
07:25
One image that has haunted me
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O imagine care m-a bantuit
07:27
from my early business days
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de la inceputurile mele ca businessman
07:29
is of a grandmother, 70 plus years, being harassed
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a fost aceea a unei bunici, de peste 70 de ani,
07:32
by the bureaucrats in the town planning office.
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hartuita de birocratii de la biroul de urbanism al orasului.
07:35
All she needed was permission to build three steps
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Tot ce avea nevoie era permisiunea de a construi trei trepte
07:37
to her house, from ground level,
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la casa ei, de la nivelul solului,
07:39
making it easier for her to enter and exit her house.
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pentru a-i usura intrarea si iesirea din casa.
07:42
Yet the officer in charge would not simply give her the permit
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Dar functionarul responsabil pur si simplu nu-i dadea permisul
07:45
for want of a bribe.
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pentru a o forta sa-l mituiasca.
07:47
Even though it pricked my conscience then,
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Desi m-a mustrat constiinta atunci,
07:49
I could not, or rather I did not
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nu am putut, sau mai degraba
07:51
tend to her or assist her,
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nu m-am straduit s-o ajut,
07:54
because I was busy building my real estate company.
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pentru ca eram ocupat sa-mi cladesc firma de imobiliare.
07:56
I don't want to be haunted by such images any more.
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Nu mai vreau sa fiu bantuit de asemenea imagini.
08:00
A group of us have been working on a pilot basis
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Un grup format de noi lucreaza experimental
08:02
to address individual instances of demands
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pentru abordarea cazurilor individuale de solicitare de mita
08:05
for bribes for common services or entitlement.
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pentru servicii sau drepturi obisnuite.
08:08
And in all 42 cases where we have pushed back such demands
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Si in toate 42 de cazuri unde am avut astfel de cereri
08:11
using existing and legitimate tools
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utilizand mijloace existente si legale
08:14
like the Right to Information Act,
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cum ar fi articolul de lege 'Dreptul la informatie',
08:16
video, audio, or peer pressure,
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video, audio, interventia colegilor,
08:19
we have successfully obtained whatever our clients
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am obtinut cu succes ceea ce clientii nostri dorisera
08:21
set out to achieve without actually paying a bribe.
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sa obtina, insa fara a plati mita.
08:25
And with the cost of these tools being substantially lower
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Si mentinand costurile acestor mijloace substantial mai scazute
08:28
than the bribe demanded.
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decat mita ceruta.
08:30
I believe that these tools that worked in these 42 pilot cases
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Cred ca aceste mijloace care au functionat la cele 42 de cazuri experimentale
08:35
can be consolidated in standard processes
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pot fi consolidate in procese standard
08:39
in a BPO kind of environment,
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intr-un mediu de Business Process Outsourcing,
08:42
and made available on web, call-center
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initiind cooptarea si catalogarea pe Internet
08:45
and franchise physical offices,
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a birourilor de urgenta si autorizate deja existente,
08:47
for a fee, to serve anyone confronted with a demand for a bribe.
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care in schimbul unei taxe, sa deserveasca pe oricine se confrunta cu cerere de mita.
08:52
The target market is as tempting as it can get.
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Piata țintă e cat se poate de ispititoare.
08:55
It can be worth up to one trillion dollars,
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Poate valora pana la un trilion de dolari,
08:58
being paid in bribes every year,
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platiti ca mita in fiecare an,
09:00
or equal to India's GDP.
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echivalent cu PIB-ul Indiei.
09:03
And it is an absolutely virgin market.
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E o piata complet neexplorata.
09:06
I propose to explore this idea further,
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Propun sa se cerceteze aceasta idee in continuare,
09:09
to examine the potential of creating
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pentru a examina potentialul de infiintare
09:11
a for-profit, fee-based BPO
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de BPO-uri bazate pe taxa, pentru profit
09:15
kind of service to stop bribes
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un fel de serviciu pentru a stopa mita
09:17
and prevent corruption.
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si a preveni coruptia.
09:19
I do realize that the fight for justice
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Realizez faptul ca lupta pentru justitie
09:22
against corruption is never easy.
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impotriva coruptiei nu e niciodata usoara.
09:25
It never has been and it never will be.
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Nu a fost niciodata si nu va fi niciodata.
09:27
In my last 18 months as a lawyer,
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In ultimele 18 luni ca avocat,
09:30
battling small- and large-scale corruption,
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am luptat impotriva coruptiei la scara mica si mare
09:32
including the one perpetrated by India's biggest corporate scamster.
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incluzand cea mai mare escrocherie corporatista din India.
09:36
Through his charities
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Prin actele lor de caritate
09:38
I have had three police cases filed against me
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mi s-au intentat 3 dosare de judecata depuse de politisti impotriva mea,
09:41
alleging trespass, impersonation and intimidation.
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pretinzand incalcare de proprietate, personificare si intimidare.
09:44
The battle against corruption
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Lupta impotriva coruptiei
09:46
exacts a toll on ourselves,
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presupune asumarea unui pret,
09:48
our families, our friends, and even our kids.
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platit de familiile, prietenii si chiar copiii nostri.
09:52
Yet I believe the price we pay is well worth holding on
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Totusi cred ca pretul pe care-l platim merita
09:54
to our dignity and making the world a fairer place.
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pentru a ne pastra demnitatea si a face lumea un loc mai cinstit.
09:58
What gives us the courage?
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Ce ne da curajul?
10:00
As my close friend replied, when told
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Iata ce-a raspuns bunul meu prietenul cand i s-a spus,
10:02
during the seeding days of the ambulance project
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la inceputurile proiectului cu ambulante,
10:05
that it is an impossible task
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ca asta-i o sarcina imposibila,
10:07
and the founders are insane to chalk up their blue-chip jobs,
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si ca fondatorii sunt nebuni sa-si riște job-urile lor sigure,
10:10
I quote: "Of course we cannot fail in this,
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citez: "Sigur nu putem eșua cu asta,
10:13
at least in our own minds.
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cel putin nu in mintile noastre.
10:15
For we are insane people,
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Pentru ca suntem oameni nebuni,
10:17
trying to do an impossible task.
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care incearcam sa facem o treaba imposibila.
10:19
And an insane person does not know what an impossible task is." Thank you.
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Si un nebun nu stie ce este o sarcina imposibila." Multumesc.
10:23
(Applause)
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(Aplauze)
10:31
Chris Anderson: Shaffi, that is a really exciting business idea.
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Chris Anderson: Shaffi, asta-i o idee de afaceri grozava.
10:36
Shaffi Mather: I just have to get through the initial days where I don't get eliminated.
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Shaffi Mather: Trebuie doar sa trec de primele zilele si sa nu fiu eliminat.
10:40
(Laughter)
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(Rasete)
10:42
CA: What's on your mind?
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CA: Ce ai de gand?
10:43
I mean, give us a sense of the numbers here --
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Adica, da-ne o idee despre cifrele implicate aici --
10:45
a typical bribe and a typical fee. I mean, what's in your head?
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o mita obisnuita si un tarif obisnuit. Adica, cum concepi raportul?
10:48
SM: So let me ... Let me give you an example.
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SM: Deci, lasa-ma sa-ti dau un exemplu.
10:52
Somebody who had applied for the passport.
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Cineva depusese cerere de pasaport.
10:55
The officer was just sitting on it
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Functionarul nu-i dadea un raspuns
10:58
and was demanding around 3,000 rupees in bribes.
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si cerea mita de vreo 3.000 de rupii.
11:01
And he did not want to pay.
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Si el n-a vrut sa plateasca.
11:04
So we actually used the Right to Information Act,
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Asa ca am apelat efectiv la Actul Dreptului la Informatie,
11:06
which is equal to the Freedom of Information Act in the United States,
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care e echivalentul Actului Libertatii Informatiei din SUA,
11:09
and pushed back the officers in this particular case.
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si am fortat functionarul sa reconsidere acest caz anume.
11:14
And in all these 42 cases,
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Si in toate cele 42 de cazuri,
11:16
when we kept pushing them back,
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cand am insistat pentru rezolvare,
11:19
there was three kinds of reaction.
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au existat trei tipuri de reactii.
11:21
A set of people actually say,
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O parte din oameni spun,
11:23
"Oh, let me just grant it to them, and run away from it."
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"Oh, sa le dau ce vor si sa ma scap de asta."
11:26
Some people actually come back and say,
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Altii contraataca si spun,
11:29
"Oh, you want to screw me. Let me show you what I can do."
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"O, vrei sa ma bagi la apa? Hai sa-ti arat eu ce pot face."
11:32
And he will push us back.
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Si ne ataca el pe noi.
11:34
So you take the next step, or use the next tool available
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Atunci trecem la urmatorul pas sau folosim urmatorul mijloc disponibil
11:38
in what we are putting together,
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pentru ce dorim sa obtinem,
11:40
and then he relents.
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si apoi cedeaza.
11:43
By the third time, in all 42 cases, we have achieved success.
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Dupa trei incercari, in toate 42 de cazuri am avut succes.
11:46
CA: But if it's a 3,000-rupee, 70-dollar bribe,
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CA: Dar daca e o mita de 3.000 de rupii, 70 de dolari,
11:51
what fee would you have to charge,
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ce tarif ar trebui sa ceri
11:53
and can you actually make the business work?
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ca sa poti face afacerea sa mearga?
11:55
SM: Well, actually the cost that we incurred
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SM: Ei bine, de fapt costul la care am ajuns
11:59
was less than 200 rupees.
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a fost mai mic de 200 de rupii.
12:02
So, it actually works.
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Deci, functioneaza.
12:05
CA: That's a high gross margin business. I like it.
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CA: Asta-i afacere cu marja bruta mare. Imi place.
12:08
(Laughter)
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(Rasete)
12:10
SM: I actually did not want to answer this on the TED stage.
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SM: De fapt n-am vrut sa raspund la asta pe scena TED.
12:13
CA: OK, so these are provisional numbers, no pricing guarantee.
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CA: Bine, deci astea sunt cifre estimative, pretul nu e garantat.
12:17
If you can pull this off, you will be a global hero.
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Daca vei reusi s-o pui pe picioare vei fi un erou global.
12:20
I mean, this could be huge.
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Ar putea lua o amploare colosala.
12:22
Thank you so much for sharing this idea at TED.
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Multumesc mult pentru impartasirea acestei idei la TED.
12:24
(Applause)
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(Aplauze)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Shaffi Mather - Social entrepreneur, lawyerShaffi Mather is the founder of 1298 for Ambulance, Education Access for All, and co-promoter of Moksha-Yug Access.
Why you should listen
Shaffi Mather was a successful young entrepreneur, who brought a family-run real estate business to the forefront of the local market before moving on to take major positions at two of India’s largest communication corporations -- Essel Group and Reliance Industries. However, after a perilous ride to the hospital with his mother he was forced to confront India’s need for a dependable ambulance service. He left his career at Reliance and founded 1298 for Ambulance, a for-profit service with a sliding scale payment system that has revolutionized medical transport in Mumbai and Kerala.
Today, Mather is also a co-founder of Moksha-Yug Access, a microfinance instiution that operates in rural India, and The Education Initiative, which is involved in e-learning and in creating schools across India. In addition, Mather is a lawyer focusing on litigation in public interest -- battling for transparency in governance and use of public funds, human rights, civil rights and primacy of constitution. He is a TEDIndia Fellow.
Shaffi Mather | Speaker | TED.com