ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Gallo - Oceanographer
A pioneer in ocean exploration, David Gallo is an enthusiastic ambassador between the sea and those of us on dry land.

Why you should listen

David Gallo works to push the bounds of oceanic discovery. Active in undersea exploration (sometimes in partnership with legendary Titanic-hunter Robert Ballard), he was one of the first oceanographers to use a combination of manned submersibles and robots to map the ocean world with unprecedented clarity and detail. He was a co-expedition leader during an exploration of the RMS Titanic and the German battleship Bismarck, using Russian Mir subs.

On behalf of the Woods Hole labs, he appears around the country speaking on ocean and water issues. Most recently he co-led an expedition to create the first detailed and comprehensive map of the RMS Titanic and he co-led the successful international effort to locate the wreck site of Air France flight 447. He is involved in planning an international Antarctic expedition to locate and document the wreckage of Ernest Shackleton’s ship, HMS Endurance.

More profile about the speaker
David Gallo | Speaker | TED.com
TED2007

David Gallo: Underwater astonishments

David Gallo predstavi podvodna čudesa

Filmed:
15,797,194 views

David Gallo pokaže osupljive posnetke čudovitih vodnih živali kot so sipa, ki spreminja barvo, hobotnica, ki se popolnoma zlije z okolico in globokomorske ribe, ki oddajajo svetlobo, ki bi se lahko kosala s tisto na Times Squareu.
- Oceanographer
A pioneer in ocean exploration, David Gallo is an enthusiastic ambassador between the sea and those of us on dry land. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:18
We're going to go on a divepotapljanje to the deepgloboko seamorje,
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Popeljal vas bom globoko pod gladino morja.
00:21
and anyonekdorkoli that's had that lovelylepo opportunitypriložnost knowsve
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Vsak, ki je že kdaj imel to čudovito priložnost, ve,
00:25
that for about two and halfpol hoursure on the way down,
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da po dveh urah in pol potapljanja prispemo v
00:27
it's a perfectlypopolnoma positivelypozitivno pitch-blacksmola-črno worldsvet.
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svet popolne teme.
00:31
And we used to see the mostnajbolj mysteriousskrivnostno animalsživali out the windowokno
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Do sedaj smo najbolj skrivnostne živali opazovali skozi okno,
00:33
that you couldn'tni mogel describeopišite: these blinkingutripa lightsluči --
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ki ga nismo mogli opisati. Utripajoče lučke,
00:35
a worldsvet of bioluminescenceBioluminiscenca, like fireflieskresnice.
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bioluminiscenčni svet, kot kresničke.
00:37
DrDr. EdithEdith WidderWidder -- she's now at the OceanOcean ResearchRaziskave and ConservationOhranjanje AssociationZdruženje --
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Dr. Edith Witter, ki dela za "Research Conservation Association" --
00:41
was ablesposoben to come up with a camerakamera
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je iznašla kamero,
00:43
that could capturezajemanje some of these incredibleneverjetno animalsživali,
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ki lahko posname nekatere izmed teh čudovitih bitij,
00:46
and that's what you're seeingvidenje here on the screenzaslon.
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ki jih lahko vidite na ekranu.
00:49
That's all bioluminescenceBioluminiscenca. So, like I said: just like fireflieskresnice.
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To je vse bioluminiscenca. Res, tako kot kresničke.
00:51
There's a flyingletenje turkeypuran underSpodaj a treedrevo. (LaughterSmeh)
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Tukaj vidite letečega purana pod drevesom. (Smeh)
00:54
I'm a geologistgeolog by trainingusposabljanje. But I love that.
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Vem. Po izobrazbi sem geolog, ampak to mi je zelo všeč.
01:01
And you see, some of the bioluminescenceBioluminiscenca
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Kot vidite oddajajo svetlobo zato,
01:03
they use to avoidizogibajte se beingbiti eatenjedel,
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da se varujejo pred plenilici,
01:04
some they use to attractprivabiti preyplen,
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ali pa da privabijo plen.
01:06
but all of it, from an artisticumetniško pointtočka of viewpogled, is positivelypozitivno amazingneverjetno.
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Vse to pa je čudovito tudi z umetniškega vidika.
01:10
And a lot of what goesgre on insideznotraj ...
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Kar se dogaja v tem svetu --
01:12
there's a fishribe with glowingžareče eyesoči, pulsatingutripajoča eyesoči.
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tukaj vidimo ribo z žarečimi očmi, ki utripajo.
01:14
Some of the colorsbarve are designedzasnovan to hypnotizeHipnotizirati,
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Nekatere barve res hipnotizirajo.
01:17
these lovelylepo patternsvzorce. And then this last one,
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In ti čudoviti vzorci. In še zadnji:
01:21
one of my favoritespriljubljene, this pinwheelvetrnice designoblikovanje.
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eden izmed najljubših, vzorec v obliki vetrnice.
01:24
Just absolutelyabsolutno amazingneverjetno, everyvsak singlesamski divepotapljanje.
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Vsak tak potop je neverjeten.
01:27
That's the unknownneznano worldsvet, and todaydanes we'vesmo only exploredraziskati about 3 percentodstotkov
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To je neznani svet. Do danes smo raziskali le 3 odstotke
01:30
of what's out there in the oceanocean.
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oceanov.
01:32
AlreadyŽe we'vesmo foundnajdemo the world'ssvetovno highestnajvišji mountainsgore,
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In že sedaj smo naleteli na najvišje gore na svetu,
01:34
the world'ssvetovno deepestNajgloblji valleysdoline,
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najgloblje doline na planetu,
01:37
underwaterpod vodo lakesjezera, underwaterpod vodo waterfallsslapovi --
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podvodna jezera, podvodne slapove --
01:39
a lot of that we shareddeljeno with you from the stagestopnja.
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veliko od tega smo delili z vami.
01:41
And in a placemesto where we thought no life at all,
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In v prostoru, za katerega smo mislili, da v njem ni življenja,
01:44
we find more life, we think, and diversityraznolikost and densitygostota
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smo našli veliko več in bolj raznolikih oblik življenja
01:46
than the tropical.D.D.D.D.DTC Prawe tehničwe.D.DTC, rainforestdeževni gozd, whichki tellspove us that
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kot v deževnem pragozdu. To nam pove,
01:48
we don't know much about this planetplanet at all.
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da ne vemo prav veliko o našem planetu.
01:50
There's still 97 percentodstotkov, and eitherbodisi that 97 percentodstotkov is emptyprazno or just fullpolno of surprisespresenečenj.
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Še vedno nam ostane 97 odstotkov, ki so lahko prazni ali polni presenečenj.
01:55
But I want to jumpskok up to shallowplitvo watervoda now
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Sedaj pa bi rad prešel bližje gladini
01:57
and look at some creaturesbitja that are positivelypozitivno amazingneverjetno.
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in vam pokazal nekaj resnično čudovitih bitij.
02:00
CephalopodsGlavonožci -- head-footsvodja gošče. As a kidfant I knewvedel them as calamarikalamari, mostlyvečinoma. (LaughterSmeh)
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Glavonožci. Kot otrok sem jih poznal kot kalamare.
02:05
This is an octopushobotnica --
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To je hobotnica.
02:07
this is the work of DrDr. RogerRoger HanlonHanlon at the MarineMarine BiologicalBiološke LabLaboratorij --
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To je delo dr. Rogerja Hanlona iz "Marine Biology Lab".
02:09
and it's just fascinatingfascinantno how cephalopodsglavonožci can,
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Neverjetno je, kako glavonožci
02:13
with theirnjihovi incredibleneverjetno eyesoči, sensesmisel theirnjihovi surroundingsokolje,
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občutijo svojo okolico s svojimi izredno zanimivimi očmi,
02:15
look at lightsvetloba, look at patternsvzorce.
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poglejte to svetlobo, te vzorce.
02:17
Here'sTukaj je an octopushobotnica movingpremikanje acrossčez the reefgreben,
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Tukaj vidimo hobotnico, ki se premika po grebenu.
02:20
findsnajdbe a spotspot to settleporavnavo down, curlskodre up and then disappearsizgine into the backgroundozadje.
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Poišče prostor kjer se ustavi, zleze vase in se zlije z ozadjem.
02:25
ToughTežka thing to do.
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Težko izvedljivo.
02:27
In the nextNaslednji bitbit, we're going to see a couplepar squidlignji.
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V naslednjem delu bomo videli par lignjev.
02:29
These are squidlignji. Now malesmoški, when they fightboj,
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To je ligenj. Ko se samci borijo med sabo
02:31
if they're really aggressiveagresivno, they turnobrat whitebela.
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in so pri tem zelo agresivni, postanejo beli.
02:32
And these two malesmoški are fightingboj,
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Ta dva samca se borita tako,
02:34
they do it by bouncingpremetavati theirnjihovi buttsriti togetherskupaj,
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da z zadnjcami udarjata drug ob drugega,
02:36
whichki is an interestingzanimivo conceptkoncept. Now, here'sTukaj je a malemoški on the left
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kar je izjemno zanimivo. Tukaj imamo samca na levi in
02:39
and a femaležensko on the right,
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samico na desni.
02:41
and the malemoški has managedupravlja to splitsplit his colorationobarvanost
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Samcu je uspelo svojo obarvanost prikriti
02:44
so the femaležensko only always seesvidi the kindervrtca gentlernežnejši squidlignji in him.
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in samica sedaj vidi samo njegovo nežnejšo stran.
02:46
And the malemoški ... (LaughterSmeh) We're going to see it again.
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In samec -- (Smeh). To si bomo ogledali še enkrat.
02:51
Let's take a look at it again. Watch the colorationobarvanost:
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Glejte obarvanost:
02:54
whitebela on the right, brownrjav on the left.
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bela na desni in rjava na levi.
02:57
He takes a stepkorak back -- so he's keepingvzdrževanje off the other malesmoški
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Umakne se nazaj, da drži ostale samce na razdalji tako,
03:01
by splittingrazdelitev his bodytelo -- and comesprihaja up on the other sidestran ...
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da razdeli obarvanost in prikaže drugo stran ...
03:04
BingoBingo! Now I'm told that's
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Terna! Slišal sem,
03:06
not just a squidlignji phenomenonfenomen with malesmoški, but I don't know.
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da ta pojav ni značilen samo za samce lingjev, ampak ne vem.
03:08
(LaughterSmeh)
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(Aplavz)
03:11
CuttlefishSipe. I love cuttlefishsipe. This is a GiantVelikan AustralianAvstralski CuttlefishSipe.
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Sipa. Rad imam sipe. To je orjaška avstralska sipa.
03:14
And there he is, his droopypovešenost little eyesoči up here.
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In tukaj je s svojimi majhnimi povešenimi očmi.
03:17
But they can do prettylepa amazingneverjetno things, too.
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Lahko počne precej zanimive stvari.
03:20
Here we're going to see one backingpodpora into a creviceozki, and
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Tukaj se umika v režo in
03:24
watch his tentacleslovke --
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bodite pozorni na njene lovke,
03:26
he just pullspotegne them in, makesnaredi them look just like algaealge.
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ki jih potegne vase. Videti je kot alga.
03:29
DisappearsIzgine right into the backgroundozadje.
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Izgine v ozadje.
03:32
PositivelyPozitivno amazingneverjetno. Here'sTukaj je two malesmoški fightingboj.
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Resnični čudovito. Tukaj se dva samca borita.
03:34
OnceEnkrat again, they're smartpameten enoughdovolj, these cephalopodsglavonožci;
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Ta dva glavonožca sta zopet dovolj prebrisana,
03:37
they know not to hurtboli eachvsak other.
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da se ne ranita.
03:39
But look at the patternsvzorce that they can do with theirnjihovi skinkoža.
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Poglejte čudovite vzorce na njuni koži.
03:42
That's an amazingneverjetno thing.
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Čudovita stvar.
03:44
Here'sTukaj je an octopushobotnica. SometimesVčasih they don't want to be seenvidel when they movePremakni se
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To je hobotnica. Ne marajo biti opažene ko se gibajo,
03:47
because predatorsplenilci can see them.
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saj tako postanejo ranljiv plen.
03:49
Here, this guy actuallydejansko can make himselfsam look like a rockrock,
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Tukaj samec celo poskuša biti podoben kamnu,
03:51
and, looking at his environmentokolje,
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in z opazovanjem okolice
03:54
can actuallydejansko slidezdrs acrossčez the bottomspodaj,
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lahko nevidno drsi po dnu,
03:56
usinguporabo the wavesvalovi and the shadowssence so he can't be seenvidel.
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tako da izkorišča valove in sence in ostane neopažen.
03:59
His motiongibanje blendsmešanice right into the backgroundozadje --
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Zlije se z okolico, njegovo gibanje je neopazno.
04:04
the movingpremikanje rockrock tricktrik. So, we're learningučenje lots newnovo from the shallowplitvo watervoda.
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Zvijača s premikajočim se kamnom. Veliko se lahko naučimo v plitvih vodah.
04:09
Still exploringraziskovati the deepgloboko,
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Še vedno odkrivamo morske globine,
04:11
but learningučenje lots from the shallowplitvo watervoda.
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a se učimo od območij bližje gladini.
04:12
There's a good reasonrazlog why: the shallowplitvo water'svoda
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Za to imamo dober razlog: plitvine so
04:14
fullpolno of predatorsplenilci -- here'sTukaj je a barracudaBarracuda --
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polne plenilcev. To je barakuda.
04:16
and if you're an octopushobotnica or a cephalopodglavonožcev,
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In zato hobotnica ali glavonožec
04:18
you need to really understandrazumeti how to use your surroundingsokolje to hideskriti.
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dobro ve, kako izkoristiti okolico za skrivališče.
04:21
In the nextNaslednji scenescene, you're going to see a nicelepo coralkoral bottomspodaj.
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V nadaljevanju boste videli lepo koralno dno.
04:23
And you see that an octopushobotnica would standstojalo out
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Tu bi hobotnica zelo izstopala,
04:25
very easilyenostavno there if you couldn'tni mogel use your camouflageprikrivanje,
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če ne bi mogla
04:28
use your skinkoža to changesprememba colorbarva and texturetekstura.
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spreminjati barve in vzorcev na koži.
04:30
Here'sTukaj je some algaealge in the foregroundnovo znanje ...
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V ospredju vidimo alge.
04:34
and an octopushobotnica. Ain'tNi that amazingneverjetno? Now, RogerRoger spookedprestrašila him
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In hobotnico. Ni to čudovito? Tu jo je Roger preplašil,
04:41
so he tookvzel off in a cloudoblak of inkčrnilo, and when he
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zato je pobegnila v oblaku črnila.
04:44
landszemljišča the octopushobotnica sayspravi, "Oh, I've been seenvidel.
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Ko pristane na tleh, pravi: "Ojej, opazili so me.
04:47
The bestnajboljši thing to do is to get as bigvelik as I can get."
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Največ kar lahko sedaj naredim, je, da se napihnem kollikor se da."
04:49
That bigvelik brownrjav makesnaredi his eyespoteyespot very bigvelik.
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Zaradi velike rjave površine izgledajo njene oči zelo velike.
04:52
So, he's bluffingblefiranje. Let's do it backwardsnazaj --
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Pretvarja se. Zavrtimo posnetek nazaj.
04:54
I thought he was jokingšali when he first showedpokazala it to me.
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Mislil sem, da se šali, ko mi je to pokazal.
04:56
I thought it was all graphicsgrafike -- so here it is in reverseobratno.
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Mislil sem, da je montaža. Zavrtimo nazaj.
04:58
Watch the skinkoža colorbarva; watch the skinkoža texturetekstura.
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Glejte barvo in vzorce kože.
05:01
Just an amazingneverjetno animalživali, it can changesprememba colorbarva and texturetekstura
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Neverjetna žival, ki lahko spreminja barvo in vzorce
05:04
to matchtekmo the surroundingsokolje. Watch him blendmešanica right into this algaealge.
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glede na okolico. Poglejte, kako se zlije z algami.
05:08
One, two, threetri. (ApplauseAplavz)
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Ena. Dva. Tri.
05:13
And now he's goneizginil, and so am I. Thank you very much.
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In je izginiila, jaz pa tudi grem. Najlepša hvala.
Translated by Evridika Cuder
Reviewed by Jaka Bobnar

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Gallo - Oceanographer
A pioneer in ocean exploration, David Gallo is an enthusiastic ambassador between the sea and those of us on dry land.

Why you should listen

David Gallo works to push the bounds of oceanic discovery. Active in undersea exploration (sometimes in partnership with legendary Titanic-hunter Robert Ballard), he was one of the first oceanographers to use a combination of manned submersibles and robots to map the ocean world with unprecedented clarity and detail. He was a co-expedition leader during an exploration of the RMS Titanic and the German battleship Bismarck, using Russian Mir subs.

On behalf of the Woods Hole labs, he appears around the country speaking on ocean and water issues. Most recently he co-led an expedition to create the first detailed and comprehensive map of the RMS Titanic and he co-led the successful international effort to locate the wreck site of Air France flight 447. He is involved in planning an international Antarctic expedition to locate and document the wreckage of Ernest Shackleton’s ship, HMS Endurance.

More profile about the speaker
David Gallo | Speaker | TED.com