TEDNYC
J.D. Vance: America's forgotten working class
Džej Di Vens (J.D. Vance): Američka zaboravljena radnička klasa
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Džej Di Vens je odrastao u malom, siromašnom gradu u Proizvodnom pojasu južnog Ohaja, gde je imao mesto u prvom redu mnogih društvenih bolesti koje su mučile Ameriku: epidemije heroina, neuspešnih škola, porodica koje je rasturio razvod, a ponekad i nasilje. U podrobnom govoru koji će odjeknuti kroz gradove radničke klase u zemlji, autor iznosi detalje o tome kakav je osećaj gubitak američkog sna i pokreće važna pitanja koja svako, od vođa u zajednici do tvoraca zakona, treba da postavi - kako možemo pomoći deci iz zaboravljenih gradova Amerike da se oslobode beznađa i žive boljim životom?
J.D. Vance - Author
Former Marine and Yale Law School graduate J.D. Vance writes about how upward mobility really feels. Full bio
Former Marine and Yale Law School graduate J.D. Vance writes about how upward mobility really feels. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I remember the very first time
I went to a nice restaurant,
I went to a nice restaurant,
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Sećam se kada sam prvi put
išao u fini restoran,
išao u fini restoran,
veoma fini restoran.
00:15
a really nice restaurant.
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Bilo je to radi večere zbog zapošljavanja
u advokatskoj kancelariji
u advokatskoj kancelariji
00:17
It was for a law firm recruitment dinner,
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00:19
and I remember beforehand
the waitress walked around
the waitress walked around
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i sećam se da je konobarica
prethodno šetala unaokolo
prethodno šetala unaokolo
00:22
and asked whether we wanted some wine,
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i pitala da li bismo hteli vina,
00:23
so I said, "Sure,
I'll take some white wine."
I'll take some white wine."
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pa sam rekao: „Može,
popiću malo belog vina.“
popiću malo belog vina.“
00:26
And she immediately said,
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Odmah je pitala:
00:28
"Would you like sauvignon blanc
or chardonnay?"
or chardonnay?"
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„Da li biste hteli
sovinjon blank ili šardone?“
sovinjon blank ili šardone?“
00:31
And I remember thinking,
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Sećam se da sam pomislio:
00:33
"Come on, lady,
stop with the fancy French words
stop with the fancy French words
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„Daj, gospođice, prestani
sa kitnjastim francuskim rečima
sa kitnjastim francuskim rečima
00:36
and just give me some white wine."
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i samo mi donesi malo belog vina.“
00:39
But I used my powers of deduction
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Ipak, upotrebio sam svoju moć logike
00:41
and recognized that chardonnay
and sauvignon blanc
and sauvignon blanc
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i uvideo da su šardone i sovinjon blank
00:43
were two separate types of white wine,
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dve različite vrste belog vina,
00:45
and so I told her
that I would take the chardonnay,
that I would take the chardonnay,
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pa sam joj rekao da hoću šardone,
00:47
because frankly that was
the easiest one to pronounce for me.
the easiest one to pronounce for me.
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jer mi je to, iskreno,
bilo najlakše da izgovorim.
bilo najlakše da izgovorim.
00:51
So I had a lot of experiences like that
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Imao sam mnogo takvih iskustava
00:54
during my first couple of years
as a law student at Yale,
as a law student at Yale,
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tokom prvih par godina
studiranja prava na Jejlu,
studiranja prava na Jejlu,
00:57
because, despite all outward appearances,
I'm a cultural outsider.
I'm a cultural outsider.
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jer, uprkos spoljašnjem izgledu,
ja sam kulturalni autsajder.
ja sam kulturalni autsajder.
01:01
I didn't come from the elites.
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Nemam elitno poreklo.
01:02
I didn't come from the Northeast
or from San Francisco.
or from San Francisco.
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Ne potičem sa severoistoka
ili iz San Franciska.
ili iz San Franciska.
01:07
I came from a southern Ohio steel town,
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Potičem iz grada sa čeličanom
iz južnog Ohaja
iz južnog Ohaja
01:09
and it's a town that's really
struggling in a lot of ways,
struggling in a lot of ways,
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i to je gradić koji se baš muči
na mnogo načina
na mnogo načina
koji ukazuju na šire borbe
01:12
ways that are indicative
of the broader struggles
of the broader struggles
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01:14
of America's working class.
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američke radničke klase.
01:16
Heroin has moved in,
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Heroin se doselio
01:18
killing a lot of people, people I know.
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i ubio mnogo ljudi koje poznajem.
01:20
Family violence, domestic violence,
and divorce have torn apart families.
and divorce have torn apart families.
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Nasilje u porodici i razvodi
su rasturili porodice.
su rasturili porodice.
01:25
And there's a very unique
sense of pessimism that's moved in.
sense of pessimism that's moved in.
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Postoji jedinstveni utisak pesimizma
koji se tu uselio.
koji se tu uselio.
01:29
Think about rising mortality rates
in these communities
in these communities
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Razmislite o porastu stope smrtnosti
u ovim zajednicama
u ovim zajednicama
01:32
and recognize that
for a lot of these folks,
for a lot of these folks,
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i uočite da, za mnoge od tih ljudi,
01:34
the problems that they're seeing
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problemi koje vide
01:36
are actually causing rising death rates
in their own communities,
in their own communities,
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zapravo uzrokuju stope smrti
koje rastu u njihovim zajednicama,
koje rastu u njihovim zajednicama,
01:39
so there's a very real sense of struggle.
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tako da je prisutan
veoma realan utisak borbe.
veoma realan utisak borbe.
01:43
I had a very front-row seat
to that struggle.
to that struggle.
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Imao sam mesto u prvom redu te borbe.
01:45
My family has been part of that struggle
for a very long time.
for a very long time.
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Moja porodica je dugo bila deo te borbe.
01:51
I come from a family
that doesn't have a whole lot of money.
that doesn't have a whole lot of money.
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Potičem iz porodice koja nema mnogo novca.
01:55
The addiction that plagued my community
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Zavisnost koja je napala moju zajednicu
01:57
also plagued my family,
and even, sadly, my own mom.
and even, sadly, my own mom.
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takođe je napala i moju porodicu,
pa čak i, nažalost, moju mamu.
pa čak i, nažalost, moju mamu.
02:01
There were a lot of problems
that I saw in my own family,
that I saw in my own family,
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Bilo je mnogo problema
koje sam video u svojoj porodici,
koje sam video u svojoj porodici,
02:05
problems caused sometimes
by a lack of money,
by a lack of money,
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problema koje je ponekad uzrokovao
nedostatak novca,
nedostatak novca,
02:08
problems caused sometimes by a lack
of access to resources and social capital
of access to resources and social capital
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ponekad nedostatak sredstava
i društvenog kapitala,
i društvenog kapitala,
02:13
that really affected my life.
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što je zaista uticalo na moj život.
02:16
If you had looked at my life
when I was 14 years old
when I was 14 years old
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Da ste sagledali moj život
kada sam imao 14 godina i zapitali se:
kada sam imao 14 godina i zapitali se:
02:19
and said, "Well, what's going
to happen to this kid?"
to happen to this kid?"
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„Šta će se dogoditi sa ovim detetom?“,
02:22
you would have concluded
that I would have struggled
that I would have struggled
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zaključili biste da ću se boriti
02:25
with what academics call upward mobility.
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sa onim što akademici zovu
društvena pokretljivost.
društvena pokretljivost.
02:28
So upward mobility is an abstract term,
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Društvena pokretljivost
je apstraktan termin,
je apstraktan termin,
02:31
but it strikes at something
that's very core
that's very core
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ali pogađa nešto što je u samoj srži,
02:34
at the heart of the American Dream.
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u srcu američkog sna.
To je taj neki osećaj,
02:36
It's the sense,
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02:37
and it measures whether kids like me
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a meri da li će deca poput mene
koja odrastu u siromašnim zajednicama
živeti boljim životom,
živeti boljim životom,
02:39
who grow up in poor communities
are going to live a better life,
are going to live a better life,
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bilo da li će imati priliku
da bolje žive materijalno
da bolje žive materijalno
02:42
whether they're going to have a chance
to live a materially better existence,
to live a materially better existence,
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02:47
or whether they're going to stay
in the circumstances where they came from.
in the circumstances where they came from.
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ili da li će ostati u okolnostima
iz kojih su potekli.
iz kojih su potekli.
Jedna od stvari
koje smo saznali, nažalost,
koje smo saznali, nažalost,
02:51
And one of the things
we've learned, unfortunately,
we've learned, unfortunately,
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je da društvena pokretljivost
nije tako visoka
nije tako visoka
02:53
is that upward mobility isn't as high
as we'd like it to be in this country,
as we'd like it to be in this country,
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kao što bismo to hteli u ovoj zemlji
02:57
and interestingly,
it's very geographically distributed.
it's very geographically distributed.
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i, što je zanimljivo,
izrazito je geografski raspodeljena.
izrazito je geografski raspodeljena.
03:02
So take Utah, for instance.
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Uzmite Jutu, na primer.
03:04
In Utah a poor kid is actually doing OK,
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U Juti siromašnom detetu zapravo dobro ide
03:08
very likely to live their share
and their part in the American Dream.
and their part in the American Dream.
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i vrlo je verovatno da će doživeti
da dobiju svoj deo američkog sna.
da dobiju svoj deo američkog sna.
Međutim, ako pomislite
na mesto odakle sam ja,
na mesto odakle sam ja,
03:12
But if you think of where I'm from,
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03:14
in the South, in Appalachia,
in southern Ohio,
in southern Ohio,
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na jugu, u Apalačiji, u južnom Ohaju,
03:18
it's very unlikely
that kids like that will rise.
that kids like that will rise.
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vrlo je malo verovatno
da će se tamošnja deca uzdići.
da će se tamošnja deca uzdići.
03:22
The American Dream
in those parts of the country
in those parts of the country
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Američki san u tim delovima zemlje
03:24
is in a very real sense just a dream.
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je u pravom smislu samo san.
03:27
So why is that happening?
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Zašto se to dešava?
03:30
So one reason is obviously
economic or structural.
economic or structural.
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Jedan od razloga je očigledno
ekonomski ili strukturalni,
ekonomski ili strukturalni,
tako da pomišljate na te oblasti.
03:32
So you think of these areas.
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03:34
They're beset by these
terrible economic trends,
terrible economic trends,
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Opterećene su ovim užasnim
ekonomskim trendovima,
ekonomskim trendovima,
03:37
built around industries
like coal and steel
like coal and steel
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izgrađene oko industrija
kao što su ugalj i čelik
kao što su ugalj i čelik
03:39
that make it harder
for folks to get ahead.
for folks to get ahead.
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koje otežavaju ljudima da napreduju.
03:42
That's certainly one problem.
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To je svakako jedan od problema.
Takođe postoji problem odliva mozgova,
gde veoma talentovani ljudi,
gde veoma talentovani ljudi,
03:43
There's also the problem of brain drain,
where the really talented people,
where the really talented people,
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pošto ne mogu da pronađu
visoko kvalifikovani posao kod kuće,
visoko kvalifikovani posao kod kuće,
03:47
because they can't find
high-skilled work at home,
high-skilled work at home,
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03:49
end up moving elsewhere,
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na kraju završe negde drugde,
03:51
so they don't build a business
or non-profit where they're from,
or non-profit where they're from,
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tako da ne osnuju posao
ili neprofitnu organizaciju
ili neprofitnu organizaciju
tamo odakle su,
03:54
they end up going elsewhere
and taking their talents with them.
and taking their talents with them.
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već završe negde drugde
i ponesu svoje talente sa sobom.
i ponesu svoje talente sa sobom.
03:57
There are failing schools
in a lot of these communities,
in a lot of these communities,
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U ovim zajednicama postoji
mnogo neuspešnih škola
mnogo neuspešnih škola
koje ne daju deci obrazovni podstrek
03:59
failing to give kids
the educational leg up
the educational leg up
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koji bi im omogućio
da kasnije u životu imaju mogućnosti.
da kasnije u životu imaju mogućnosti.
04:01
that really makes it possible for kids
to have opportunities later in life.
to have opportunities later in life.
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Sve te stvari su važne.
04:05
These things are all important.
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Ne mislim da umanjim značaj
tih strukturalnih prepreka.
tih strukturalnih prepreka.
04:07
I don't mean to discount
these structural barriers.
these structural barriers.
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Međutim, kada se osvrnem
na svoj život i svoju zajednicu,
na svoj život i svoju zajednicu,
04:09
But when I look back at my life
and my community,
and my community,
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04:11
something else was going on,
something else mattered.
something else mattered.
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nešto drugo se dešavalo,
nešto drugo je bilo bitno.
nešto drugo je bilo bitno.
04:15
It's difficult to quantify,
but it was no less real.
but it was no less real.
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Teško je to izraziti,
ali nije bilo ništa manje stvarno.
ali nije bilo ništa manje stvarno.
04:20
So for starters, there was
a very real sense of hopelessness
a very real sense of hopelessness
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Za početak, postojao je
veoma stvaran osećaj beznađa
veoma stvaran osećaj beznađa
04:23
in the community that I grew up in.
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u zajednici u kojoj sam odrastao.
04:25
There was a sense that kids had
that their choices didn't matter.
that their choices didn't matter.
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Deca su imala utisak
da njihovi izbori nisu važni.
da njihovi izbori nisu važni.
Bez obzira na to šta se dogodi,
koliko god da naporno rade,
koliko god da naporno rade,
04:28
No matter what happened,
no matter how hard they worked,
no matter how hard they worked,
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04:31
no matter how hard
they tried to get ahead,
they tried to get ahead,
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koliko god se upinjali da napreduju,
04:33
nothing good would happen.
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ništa dobro se neće desiti.
04:36
So that's a tough feeling
to grow up around.
to grow up around.
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Teško je odrastati uz tako težak osećaj.
04:39
That's a tough mindset to penetrate,
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Teško je prodreti u takav mentalni sklop
04:42
and it leads sometimes
to very conspiratorial places.
to very conspiratorial places.
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i on ponekad dovodi
do vrlo zavereničkih mesta.
do vrlo zavereničkih mesta.
04:47
So let's just take one
political issue that's pretty hot,
political issue that's pretty hot,
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Hajde da uzmemo jednu političku temu
koja je prilično aktuelna,
koja je prilično aktuelna,
04:51
affirmative action.
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afirmativnu akciju.
04:52
So depending on your politics,
you might think that affirmative action
you might think that affirmative action
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U zavisnosti od vaše politike,
možete misliti da je afirmativna akcija
možete misliti da je afirmativna akcija
04:56
is either a wise or an unwise way
to promote diversity in the workplace
to promote diversity in the workplace
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mudar ili glup način da se podstiče
raznolikost na radnom mestu
raznolikost na radnom mestu
04:59
or the classroom.
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ili u učionici.
05:00
But if you grow up in an area like this,
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Međutim, ako odrastate u ovakvoj oblasti,
05:02
you see affirmative action
as a tool to hold people like you back.
as a tool to hold people like you back.
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vidite afirmativnu akciju kao sredstvo
za sputavanje ljudi poput vas.
za sputavanje ljudi poput vas.
05:06
That's especially true if you're
a member of the white working class.
a member of the white working class.
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To pogotovo važi ako ste član
bele radničke klase.
bele radničke klase.
05:09
You see it as something
that isn't just about good or bad policy.
that isn't just about good or bad policy.
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Vidite je kao nešto
što nije samo dobra ili loša politika.
što nije samo dobra ili loša politika.
05:13
You see it as something
that's actively conspiring,
that's actively conspiring,
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Vidite je kao nešto
gde se aktivno kuje zavera,
gde se aktivno kuje zavera,
05:16
where people with political
and financial power
and financial power
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gde ljudi sa političkom
i finansijskom moći
i finansijskom moći
05:18
are working against you.
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rade protiv vas.
05:19
And there are a lot of ways that you see
that conspiracy against you --
that conspiracy against you --
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Postoji mnogo načina
na koje vidite tu zaveru protiv vas -
na koje vidite tu zaveru protiv vas -
05:25
perceived, real, but it's there,
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doživljenu, stvarnu, ali tu je
05:28
and it warps expectations.
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i izopačava očekivanja.
Ako razmišljate o tome šta ćete raditi
kada odrastete u tom svetu,
kada odrastete u tom svetu,
05:31
So if you think about what do you do
when you grow up in that world,
when you grow up in that world,
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možete odgovoriti na par načina.
05:34
you can respond in a couple of ways.
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Kao prvo, možete reći:
„Neću naporno raditi,
„Neću naporno raditi,
05:36
One, you can say,
"I'm not going to work hard,
"I'm not going to work hard,
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jer koliko god naporno radio,
to neće biti bitno.“
to neće biti bitno.“
05:38
because no matter how hard I work,
it's not going to matter."
it's not going to matter."
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Druga stvar koju možete reći je:
05:41
Another thing you might do is say,
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„Pa, neću krenuti putem
tradicionalnih pokazatelja uspeha
tradicionalnih pokazatelja uspeha
05:42
"Well, I'm not going to go
after the traditional markers of success,
after the traditional markers of success,
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kao što su fakultetsko obrazovanje
ili prestižan posao,
ili prestižan posao,
05:46
like a university education
or a prestigious job,
or a prestigious job,
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05:48
because the people who care
about those things are unlike me.
about those things are unlike me.
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jer ljudi kojima je stalo
do tih stvari nisu kao ja.
do tih stvari nisu kao ja.
Nikada mi neće dozvoliti pristup.“
05:51
They're never going to let me in."
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Kada su me primili na Jejl,
član porodice me je pitao
član porodice me je pitao
05:53
When I got admitted to Yale,
a family member asked me
a family member asked me
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da li sam se pretvarao da sam liberal
da bih prošao na komisiji za upis.
da bih prošao na komisiji za upis.
05:55
if I had pretended to be a liberal
to get by the admissions committee.
to get by the admissions committee.
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05:58
Seriously.
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Ozbiljno.
06:00
And it's obviously not the case
that there was a liberal box to check
that there was a liberal box to check
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Očigledno da ne postoji opcija
koju treba štiklirati
na aplikaciji ako ste liberal,
na aplikaciji ako ste liberal,
06:04
on the application,
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06:06
but it speaks to a very real
insecurity in these places
insecurity in these places
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ali to govori o stvarnoj nesigurnosti
na ovakvim mestima,
na ovakvim mestima,
06:09
that you have to pretend
to be somebody you're not
to be somebody you're not
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da morate da se pretvarate
da ste neko ko niste
da ste neko ko niste
06:12
to get past these various social barriers.
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da biste prebrodili
razne društvene prepreke.
razne društvene prepreke.
06:15
It's a very significant problem.
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To je veoma značajan problem.
06:17
Even if you don't give in
to that hopelessness,
to that hopelessness,
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Čak i ako se ne prepustite tom beznađu,
06:20
even if you think, let's say,
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1816
čak i ako mislite, recimo,
06:21
that your choices matter
and you want to make the good choices,
and you want to make the good choices,
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da su vaše odluke bitne
i da želite da donosite dobre odluke,
i da želite da donosite dobre odluke,
06:25
you want to do better
for yourself and for your family,
for yourself and for your family,
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želite da učinite bolje
za sebe i svoju porodicu,
za sebe i svoju porodicu,
06:28
it's sometimes hard
to even know what those choices are
to even know what those choices are
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ponekad je teško uopšte znati
koje su to odluke
koje su to odluke
06:31
when you grow up
in a community like I did.
in a community like I did.
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kada odrastate u zajednici kao mojoj.
06:33
I didn't know, for example,
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Nisam znao, na primer,
da morate da idete na pravni fakultet
da biste postali advokat.
da biste postali advokat.
06:35
that you had to go
to law school to be a lawyer.
to law school to be a lawyer.
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06:38
I didn't know that elite universities,
as research consistently tells us,
as research consistently tells us,
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Nisam znao da su elitni univerziteti,
kako nam istraživanje stalno poručuje,
kako nam istraživanje stalno poručuje,
06:42
are cheaper for low-income kids
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jeftiniji za siromašnu decu
06:44
because these universities
have bigger endowments,
have bigger endowments,
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jer ti univerziteti imaju veće zadužbine
06:46
can offer more generous financial aid.
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i mogu da ponude
izdašniju finansijsku pomoć.
izdašniju finansijsku pomoć.
06:48
I remember I learned this
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Sećam se da sam ovo saznao
06:50
when I got the financial aid letter
from Yale for myself,
from Yale for myself,
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2816
kada sam dobio pismo sa Jejla
o finansijskoj pomoći,
o finansijskoj pomoći,
06:53
tens of thousands of dollars
in need-based aid,
in need-based aid,
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401040
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desetine hiljada dolara
radi pomoći u slučaju nužde,
radi pomoći u slučaju nužde,
što je termin koji nikada pre nisam čuo.
06:55
which is a term I had never heard before.
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Okrenuo sam se ka svojoj tetki
kada sam dobio to pismo i rekao:
kada sam dobio to pismo i rekao:
06:57
But I turned to my aunt
when I got that letter and said,
when I got that letter and said,
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07:00
"You know, I think this just means
that for the first time in my life,
that for the first time in my life,
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„Znaš, mislim da ovo znači
da se po prvi put u mom životu
da se po prvi put u mom životu
dobro isplatilo biti siromašan.“
07:03
being poor has paid really well."
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411920
1600
07:07
So I didn't have access
to that information
to that information
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Nisam imao pristup toj informaciji
07:10
because the social networks around me
didn't have access to that information.
didn't have access to that information.
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3656
jer društvene mreže oko mene
nisu imale pristup toj informaciji.
nisu imale pristup toj informaciji.
Naučio sam od svog okruženja
kako da pucam iz puške, i to dobro.
kako da pucam iz puške, i to dobro.
07:13
I learned from my community
how to shoot a gun, how to shoot it well.
how to shoot a gun, how to shoot it well.
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3656
07:17
I learned how to make
a damn good biscuit recipe.
a damn good biscuit recipe.
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Naučio sam kako da napravim
strašno dobre pogačice.
strašno dobre pogačice.
07:20
The trick, by the way,
is frozen butter, not warm butter.
is frozen butter, not warm butter.
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Trik je, inače, u smrznutom,
a ne u toplom puteru.
a ne u toplom puteru.
07:24
But I didn't learn how to get ahead.
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Međutim, nisam znao kako da napredujem.
07:26
I didn't learn how to make
the good decisions
the good decisions
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Nisam znao kako da donosim dobre odluke
07:28
about education and opportunity
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o obrazovanju i mogućnostima
07:30
that you need to make
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koje treba da donosite
07:33
to actually have a chance
in this 21st century knowledge economy.
in this 21st century knowledge economy.
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da biste uopšte imali nekakve šanse
u ekonomiji znanja 21. veka.
u ekonomiji znanja 21. veka.
07:36
Economists call the value
that we gain from our informal networks,
that we gain from our informal networks,
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Ekonomisti nazivaju vrednost
koju dobijamo od naših neformalnih mreža,
koju dobijamo od naših neformalnih mreža,
07:40
from our friends and colleagues
and family "social capital."
and family "social capital."
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448560
3616
od prijatelja, kolega i porodice
„društveni kapital“.
„društveni kapital“.
07:44
The social capital that I had
wasn't built for 21st century America,
wasn't built for 21st century America,
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452200
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Društveni kapital koji sam ja imao
nije bio napravljen za Ameriku 21. veka,
nije bio napravljen za Ameriku 21. veka,
07:48
and it showed.
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a to se i videlo.
07:50
There's something else
that's really important that's going on
that's really important that's going on
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458360
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Postoji još nešto što se dešava
i što je veoma značajno,
i što je veoma značajno,
a o čemu naša zajednica ne voli da govori,
07:53
that our community
doesn't like to talk about,
doesn't like to talk about,
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ali je veoma stvarno.
07:55
but it's very real.
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1576
Deca iz radničke klase
imaju mnogo veće izglede
imaju mnogo veće izglede
07:57
Working-class kids are much more likely
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da se suoče sa onim što se zove
nepovoljna iskustva u detinjstvu,
nepovoljna iskustva u detinjstvu,
07:59
to face what's called
adverse childhood experiences,
adverse childhood experiences,
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2736
08:01
which is just a fancy word
for childhood trauma:
for childhood trauma:
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što je samo otmena reč
za traume u detinstvu,
za traume u detinstvu,
08:06
getting hit or yelled at,
put down by a parent repeatedly,
put down by a parent repeatedly,
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dobijanje batina i vikanje,
višestruko kritikovanje roditelja,
višestruko kritikovanje roditelja,
08:09
watching someone hit or beat your parent,
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477880
2416
gledanje nekog kako udara
ili bije vašeg roditelja,
ili bije vašeg roditelja,
08:12
watching someone do drugs
or abuse alcohol.
or abuse alcohol.
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gledanje nekog dok koristi droge
ili zloupotrebljava alkohol.
ili zloupotrebljava alkohol.
08:15
These are all instances
of childhood trauma,
of childhood trauma,
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To su sve primeri trauma iz detinjstva
08:18
and they're pretty
commonplace in my family.
commonplace in my family.
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i prilično su učestali u mojoj porodici.
08:20
Importantly, they're not just
commonplace in my family right now.
commonplace in my family right now.
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3416
Što je važno, nisu samo učestali
u mojoj porodici danas.
u mojoj porodici danas.
08:24
They're also multigenerational.
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Takođe su višegeneracijski.
08:26
So my grandparents,
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494440
1560
Tako su moji deda i baba,
08:28
the very first time that they had kids,
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2776
kada su prvi put dobili decu,
08:31
they expected that they
were going to raise them in a way
were going to raise them in a way
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očekivali da će ih odgajati na način
koji je jedinstveno dobar.
08:34
that was uniquely good.
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Pripadali su srednjoj klasi
08:35
They were middle class,
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08:37
they were able to earn
a good wage in a steel mill.
a good wage in a steel mill.
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2381
i mogli su da zarade
dobru platu u čeličani.
dobru platu u čeličani.
08:39
But what ended up happening
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1331
Međutim, na kraju se desilo
08:40
is that they exposed their kids
to a lot of the childhood trauma
to a lot of the childhood trauma
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3016
da su izložili svoju decu
mnogim traumama u detinjstvu
mnogim traumama u detinjstvu
08:43
that had gone back many generations.
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koje potiču više generacija unazad.
08:46
My mom was 12 when she saw
my grandma set my grandfather on fire.
my grandma set my grandfather on fire.
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Moja mama je imala 12 godina
kada je videla da je baka zapalila dedu.
kada je videla da je baka zapalila dedu.
08:52
His crime was that he came home drunk
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520120
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Njegova krivica je bila
u tome što je došao kući pijan
u tome što je došao kući pijan
nakon što mu je ona rekla:
08:54
after she told him,
185
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1216
08:56
"If you come home drunk,
I'm gonna kill you."
I'm gonna kill you."
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2160
„Ako dođeš kući pijan, ubiću te.“
08:59
And she tried to do it.
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1200
Pokušala je da to uradi.
09:01
Think about the way
that that affects a child's mind.
that that affects a child's mind.
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3480
Pomislite kako to utiče na um deteta.
09:05
And we think of these things
as especially rare,
as especially rare,
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2936
Mi razmišljamo o takvim stvarima
kao naročito retkim,
kao naročito retkim,
09:08
but a study by the Wisconsin
Children's Trust Fund found
Children's Trust Fund found
190
536480
3976
ali je studija Povereničkog fonda za decu
u Viskonsinu otkrila
u Viskonsinu otkrila
09:12
that 40 percent of low-income kids face
multiple instances of childhood trauma,
multiple instances of childhood trauma,
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540480
5680
da se 40 posto siromašne dece suočava
sa više slučajeva traume u detinjstvu,
sa više slučajeva traume u detinjstvu,
09:18
compared to only 29 percent
for upper-income kids.
for upper-income kids.
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3296
u poređenju sa svega 29 posto
dece u porodicama sa većim primanjima.
dece u porodicama sa većim primanjima.
09:22
And think about what that really means.
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Razmislite o tome šta to u stvari znači.
09:24
If you're a low-income kid,
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1736
Ako ste siromašno dete,
09:26
almost half of you face multiple
instances of childhood trauma.
instances of childhood trauma.
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4456
skoro polovina vas se suočava
sa više slučajeva traume u detinjstvu.
sa više slučajeva traume u detinjstvu.
09:31
This is not an isolated problem.
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1816
To nije izolovani problem.
09:32
This is a very significant issue.
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2120
Ovo je vrlo značajan problem.
09:35
We know what happens
to the kids who experience that life.
to the kids who experience that life.
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3120
Znamo šta se dešava sa decom
koja osete takav život.
koja osete takav život.
09:39
They're more likely to do drugs,
more likely to go to jail,
more likely to go to jail,
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3296
Veće su šanse da koriste droge,
da odu u zatvor,
da odu u zatvor,
09:43
more likely to drop out of high school,
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2296
da napuste srednju školu,
09:45
and most importantly,
201
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a što je najvažnije,
09:47
they're more likely
to do to their children
to do to their children
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verovatnije je da će raditi svojoj deci
09:49
what their parents did to them.
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ono što su njihovi roditelji radili njima.
09:51
This trauma, this chaos in the home,
204
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3096
Ova trauma, ovaj haos kod kuće,
09:54
is our culture's
very worst gift to our children,
very worst gift to our children,
205
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3456
predstavlja najgori dar
naše kulture za našu decu,
naše kulture za našu decu,
09:58
and it's a gift that keeps on giving.
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2520
a to je dar koji neprekidno daruje.
10:02
So you combine all that,
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1816
Dakle, spojite sve to,
10:04
the hopelessness, the despair,
208
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2696
beznadežnost, očaj,
10:06
the cynicism about the future,
209
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2336
cinizam po pitanju budućnosti,
10:09
the childhood trauma,
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1240
traume u detinjstvu,
10:11
the low social capital,
211
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1896
nizak društveni kapital,
10:13
and you begin to understand why me,
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i počećete da razumete zašto sam,
10:15
at the age of 14,
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1576
sa 14 godina,
bio spreman da postanem
samo još jedan statistički podatak,
samo još jedan statistički podatak,
10:17
was ready to become
just another statistic,
just another statistic,
214
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2336
10:19
another kid who failed to beat the odds.
215
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2320
još jedno dete koje nije uspelo
da pobedi verovatnoću.
da pobedi verovatnoću.
10:22
But something unexpected happened.
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Ipak, nešto neočekivano se dogodilo.
10:25
I did beat the odds.
217
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1736
Jesam pobedio verovatnoću.
10:27
Things turned up for me.
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2136
Neke stvari su mi se dogodile.
10:29
I graduated from high school,
from college, I went to law school,
from college, I went to law school,
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3736
Završio sam srednju školu
i fakultet, otišao na prava,
i fakultet, otišao na prava,
10:33
and I have a pretty good job now.
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1600
a sada imam prilično dobar posao.
10:35
So what happened?
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Šta se dogodilo?
Pa, jedna stvar koja se desila
je da su se moji deda i baba,
je da su se moji deda i baba,
10:37
Well, one thing that happened
is that my grandparents,
is that my grandparents,
222
625320
2536
10:39
the same grandparents
of setting someone on fire fame,
of setting someone on fire fame,
223
627880
2536
isti deda i baba poznati po paljenju,
10:42
they really shaped up
by the time I came around.
by the time I came around.
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2240
zaista doveli u red
u vreme kada sam ja došao.
u vreme kada sam ja došao.
10:45
They provided me a stable home,
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Pružili su mi stabilan dom,
10:48
a stable family.
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1296
stabilnu porodicu.
10:49
They made sure
227
637720
1216
Postarali su se da,
kada moji roditelji nisu mogli
da rade stvari koje su deci bile potrebne,
da rade stvari koje su deci bile potrebne,
10:50
that when my parents weren't able
to do the things that kids need,
to do the things that kids need,
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3136
10:54
they stepped in and filled that role.
229
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1880
priskoče i ispune tu ulogu.
Moja baka je pogotovo radila dve stvari
koje su zaista važne.
koje su zaista važne.
10:56
My grandma especially
did two things that really matter.
did two things that really matter.
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2656
Prvo, pružila mi je miran dom
koji mi je omogućio da se usredsredim
koji mi je omogućio da se usredsredim
10:59
One, she provided that peaceful home
that allowed me to focus on homework
that allowed me to focus on homework
231
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na domaće zadatke i stvari
na koje deca treba da budu usredsređena.
na koje deca treba da budu usredsređena.
11:03
and the things that kids
should be focused on.
should be focused on.
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2616
11:05
But she was also
this incredibly perceptive woman,
this incredibly perceptive woman,
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2376
Takođe je bila žena
sa neverovatnim zapažanjem,
sa neverovatnim zapažanjem,
uprkos tome da nije završila
ni osnovnu školu.
ni osnovnu školu.
11:08
despite not even having
a middle school education.
a middle school education.
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Prepoznala je poruku
koju je moja zajednica imala za mene,
koju je moja zajednica imala za mene,
11:10
She recognized the message
that my community had for me,
that my community had for me,
235
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2656
11:13
that my choices didn't matter,
236
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2056
da moje odluke nisu bitne,
11:15
that the deck was stacked against me.
237
663280
1816
da su mi podeljene loše karte.
Jednom mi je rekla:
11:17
She once told me,
238
665120
1216
„Džej Di, nikada nemoj biti
kao oni gubitnici
kao oni gubitnici
11:18
"JD, never be like those losers who think
the deck is stacked against them.
the deck is stacked against them.
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3976
koji misle da su im podeljene loše karte.
11:22
You can do anything you want to."
240
670360
2336
Možeš biti šta god poželiš.“
11:24
And yet she recognized
that life wasn't fair.
that life wasn't fair.
241
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3216
A opet, priznala je da život nije fer.
11:27
It's hard to strike that balance,
242
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1616
Teško je postići tu ravnotežu,
11:29
to tell a kid that life isn't fair,
243
677600
2016
reći detetu da život nije fer,
11:31
but also recognize and enforce in them
the reality that their choices matter.
the reality that their choices matter.
244
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5256
a takođe uvažiti i potkrepiti u njemu
realnost da su njegove odluke bitne.
realnost da su njegove odluke bitne.
11:36
But mamaw was able
to strike that balance.
to strike that balance.
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2120
Ipak, nana je umela
da ostvari tu ravnotežu.
da ostvari tu ravnotežu.
Druga stvar koja je zaista pomogla
je Korpus marinaca SAD-a.
je Korpus marinaca SAD-a.
11:41
The other thing that really helped
was the United States Marine Corps.
was the United States Marine Corps.
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689040
3296
Zamišljamo Korpus marinaca
kao vojnu skupinu, što i jeste, naravno,
kao vojnu skupinu, što i jeste, naravno,
11:44
So we think of the Marine Corps
as a military outfit, and of course it is,
as a military outfit, and of course it is,
247
692360
3496
ali je za mene Korpus marinaca SAD-a
bio četvorogodišnji intenzivni kurs
bio četvorogodišnji intenzivni kurs
11:47
but for me, the US Marine Corps
was a four-year crash course
was a four-year crash course
248
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2856
za obrazovanje karaktera.
11:50
in character education.
249
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1216
Naučio me je kako da namestim krevet,
kako da operem veš,
kako da operem veš,
11:52
It taught me how to make a bed,
how to do laundry,
how to do laundry,
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da se probudim rano,
da upravljam finansijama.
da upravljam finansijama.
11:54
how to wake up early,
how to manage my finances.
how to manage my finances.
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To su stvari kojima
me nije naučila moja zajednica.
me nije naučila moja zajednica.
11:56
These are things
my community didn't teach me.
my community didn't teach me.
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11:58
I remember when I went
to go buy a car for the very first time,
to go buy a car for the very first time,
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Sećam se kada sam prvi put
otišao da kupim auto.
otišao da kupim auto.
12:01
I was offered a dealer's
low, low interest rate of 21.9 percent,
low, low interest rate of 21.9 percent,
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Ponudili su mi veoma nisku kamatnu stopu
za trgovca od 21,9 posto
za trgovca od 21,9 posto
12:06
and I was ready
to sign on the dotted line.
to sign on the dotted line.
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i bio sam spreman da se potpišem
na isprekidanoj liniji.
na isprekidanoj liniji.
12:09
But I didn't take that deal,
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Ipak, nisam prihvatio tu ponudu,
12:11
because I went and took it to my officer
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jer sam je odneo svom oficiru
koji mi je rekao:
koji mi je rekao:
12:13
who told me, "Stop being an idiot,
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„Prestani da budeš idiot,
12:15
go to the local credit union,
and get a better deal."
and get a better deal."
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idi u lokalnu kreditnu uniju
i uzmi bolju ponudu.“
i uzmi bolju ponudu.“
12:18
And so that's what I did.
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To sam i uradio.
Međutim, bez Korpusa marinaca,
nikada ne bih imao pristup tom znanju.
nikada ne bih imao pristup tom znanju.
12:19
But without the Marine Corps,
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12:21
I would have never had access
to that knowledge.
to that knowledge.
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Doživeo bih finansijsku propast, iskreno.
12:23
I would have had
a financial calamity, frankly.
a financial calamity, frankly.
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12:26
The last thing I want to say
is that I had a lot of good fortune
is that I had a lot of good fortune
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Poslednje što želim da kažem
je da sam imao mnogo sreće
je da sam imao mnogo sreće
12:29
in the mentors and people
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sa mentorima i ljudima
koji su igrali važnu ulogu u mom životu.
12:31
who have played
an important role in my life.
an important role in my life.
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Iz Marinaca, iz države Ohaja, sa Jejla,
12:33
From the Marines,
from Ohio State, from Yale,
from Ohio State, from Yale,
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12:36
from other places,
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sa drugih mesta,
12:38
people have really stepped in
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ljudi su zaista priskočili
12:39
and ensured that they filled
that social capital gap
that social capital gap
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i postarali se da ispune
tu prazninu društvenog kapitala
tu prazninu društvenog kapitala
12:42
that it was pretty obvious,
apparently, that I had.
apparently, that I had.
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za koju je bilo prilično očigledno,
izgleda, da sam je imao.
izgleda, da sam je imao.
12:45
That comes from good fortune,
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To dolazi uz sreću,
12:47
but a lot of children
aren't going to have that good fortune,
aren't going to have that good fortune,
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ali mnogo dece neće imati takvu sreću,
12:51
and I think that raises
really important questions for all of us
really important questions for all of us
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a mislim da to pokreće
veoma važna pitanja za sve nas
veoma važna pitanja za sve nas
12:54
about how we're going to change that.
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o tome kako ćemo to promeniti.
12:57
We need to ask questions about
how we're going to give low-income kids
how we're going to give low-income kids
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Moramo da postavimo pitanje
kako ćemo siromašnoj deci
kako ćemo siromašnoj deci
13:01
who come from a broken home
access to a loving home.
access to a loving home.
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koja potiču iz razjedinjenih domova
dati pristup domu punom ljubavi.
dati pristup domu punom ljubavi.
Moramo da postavimo pitanje
13:05
We need to ask questions
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13:06
about how we're going
to teach low-income parents
to teach low-income parents
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o tome kako ćemo naučiti
siromašne roditelje
siromašne roditelje
da ostvaruju bolju interakciju
sa svojom decom
sa svojom decom
13:08
how to better interact
with their children,
with their children,
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13:10
with their partners.
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i sa svojim partnerima.
13:12
We need to ask questions
about how we give social capital,
about how we give social capital,
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Treba da postavimo pitanje
kako dajemo društveni kapital,
kako dajemo društveni kapital,
13:16
mentorship to low-income kids
who don't have it.
who don't have it.
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mentorstvo siromašnoj deci koja ga nemaju.
Potrebno je da razmišljamo o tome
kako podučavamo decu radničke klase
kako podučavamo decu radničke klase
13:20
We need to think about
how we teach working class children
how we teach working class children
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13:23
about not just hard skills,
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ne samo „tvrdim“ veštinama
13:25
like reading, mathematics,
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kao što su čitanje i matematika,
13:28
but also soft skills,
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već i „mekim“ veštinama
13:29
like conflict resolution
and financial management.
and financial management.
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kao što su rešavanje konflikata
i finansijsko upravljanje.
i finansijsko upravljanje.
13:33
Now, I don't have all of the answers.
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Ja nemam sve odgovore.
13:36
I don't know all of the solutions
to this problem,
to this problem,
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Ne znam sva rešenja za ovaj problem,
13:40
but I do know this:
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ali ovo znam -
13:42
in southern Ohio right now,
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u južnom Ohaju ovog trenutka
13:44
there's a kid who is
anxiously awaiting their dad,
anxiously awaiting their dad,
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postoji dete koje zabrinuto čeka tatu,
13:48
wondering whether,
when he comes through the door,
when he comes through the door,
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pitajući se da li će,
kada uđe na ta vrata,
kada uđe na ta vrata,
ući mirno ili će se pijano teturati.
13:50
he'll walk calmly or stumble drunkly.
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13:54
There's a kid
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Postoji dete
13:56
whose mom sticks a needle in her arm
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čija mama zabada iglu u ruku
13:58
and passes out,
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i pada u nesvest,
14:00
and he doesn't know
why she doesn't cook him dinner,
why she doesn't cook him dinner,
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a on ne zna zašto mu nije skuvala večeru
14:03
and he goes to bed hungry that night.
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i te noći odlazi gladan u krevet.
14:06
There's a kid who has
no hope for the future
no hope for the future
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Tamo je dete koje nema nadu u budućnost,
14:10
but desperately
wants to live a better life.
wants to live a better life.
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ali očajnički želi da živi boljim životom.
14:13
They just want somebody
to show it to them.
to show it to them.
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Samo žele da mu ga neko pokaže.
14:16
I don't have all the answers,
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Nemam sve odgovore,
14:18
but I know that unless our society
starts asking better questions
starts asking better questions
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ali znam da, ako naše društvo
ne počne da postavlja bolja pitanja
ne počne da postavlja bolja pitanja
14:23
about why I was so lucky
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o tome zašto sam ja imao toliko sreće
14:25
and about how to get that luck
to more of our communities
to more of our communities
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i kako da pružimo tu sreću
većem broju naših zajednica
većem broju naših zajednica
14:28
and our country's children,
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i deci u našoj zemlji,
14:30
we're going to continue
to have a very significant problem.
to have a very significant problem.
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nastavićemo da imamo
vrlo značajan problem.
vrlo značajan problem.
14:33
Thank you.
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Hvala.
14:34
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
J.D. Vance - AuthorFormer Marine and Yale Law School graduate J.D. Vance writes about how upward mobility really feels.
Why you should listen
J.D. Vance grew up in the Rust Belt city of Middletown, Ohio, and the Appalachian town of Jackson, Kentucky. He enlisted in the Marine Corps after high school and served in Iraq. A graduate of the Ohio State University and Yale Law School, he has contributed to the National Review and is a principal at a leading Silicon Valley investment firm. He is the author of Hillbilly Elegy, a number one New York Times Best Seller. Vance lives in San Francisco with his wife and two dogs.
J.D. Vance | Speaker | TED.com