TED2010
Frederick Balagadde: Bio-lab on a microchip
Frederik Balagad (Frederick Balagadde): Biološka laboratorija na mikročipu
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Lekovi sami po sebi ne mogu iskoreniti bolest u podsaharskoj Africi: dijagnostički uređaji su jednako važni. TED Senior Fellow Frederik Balagad nam ukazuje na mogućnosti umnožavanja moći i dostupnosti nezgrapne, skupe dijagnostičke laboratorije, koja se svodi na minijaturnu verziju čipa.
Frederick Balagadde - Inventor
TED Senior Fellow Frederick Balagadde invented the micro-chemostat, a first-of-its-kind, dime-sized piece of transparent plastic that can orchestrate the behavior of living cells. Full bio
TED Senior Fellow Frederick Balagadde invented the micro-chemostat, a first-of-its-kind, dime-sized piece of transparent plastic that can orchestrate the behavior of living cells. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
The greatest irony in global health
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Najveća ironija globalnog zdravlja
00:18
is that the poorest countries
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je u tome da su najsiromašnije zemlje
00:20
carry the largest disease burden.
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najveći kontejneri bolesti.
00:23
If we resize the countries of the globe
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Ukoliko bismo veličine zemalja na planeti
00:25
in proportion to the subject of interest,
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promenili proporcionalno problemu o kom pričamo,
00:27
we see that Sub-Saharan Africa
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videli bismo da je podsahraska Afrika
00:29
is the worst hit region by HIV/AIDS.
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najteže pogođena HIV/SIDA epidemijom
00:32
This is the most devastating epidemic of our time.
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To je najstrašnija epidemija našeg vremena.
00:35
We also see that this region
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Takođe možemo uočiti da je to region
00:37
has the least capability in terms of dealing with the disease.
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koji ima najmanji kapacitet da se nosi sa tom bolešću.
00:40
There are very few doctors
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Nedovoljno je lekara tamo,
00:42
and, quite frankly, these countries do not have the resources
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i iskreno govoreći ove zemlje nemaju neophodna
00:44
that are needed to cope
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sredstva da se nose sa
00:46
with such epidemics.
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takvom epidemijom.
00:48
So what the Western countries,
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Tako da su zemlje zapada,
00:50
developed countries, have generously done
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razvijene zemlje velikodušno
00:52
is they have proposed to provide free drugs
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predložile da obezbede besplatne lekove
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to all people in Third World countries
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ljudima u zemljama trećeg sveta
00:56
who actually can't afford these medications.
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koji u principu ne mogu da priušte ove lekove.
00:58
And this has already saved millions of lives,
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Ovo je već spasilo milione života
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and it has prevented entire economies
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i potpuno je sprečilo kolaps
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from capsizing in Sub-Saharan Africa.
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ekonomije u podsaharskoj Africi.
01:06
But there is a fundamental problem
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Ovde se nosimo sa osnovnim problemom koji
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that is killing the efforts
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prosto uništava trud u
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in fighting this disease,
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borbi protiv ove bolesti,
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because if you keep throwing
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jer ukoliko samo dajete
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drugs out at people
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lekove ljudima kojima nije
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who don't have diagnostic services,
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uspostavljena dijagnoza,
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you end up creating a problem of drug resistance.
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prosto razvijate sindrom razvoja rezistentnosti na lekove.
01:24
This is already beginning to happen in Sub-Saharan Africa.
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Ovo se već dešava u podsaharskoj Africi.
01:27
The problem is that,
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Problem je u tome što
01:29
what begins as a tragedy in the Third World
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ono što počinje kao tragedija u zemljama trećeg sveta,
01:32
could easily become a global problem.
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može lako postati globalni problem.
01:34
And the last thing we want to see
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Poslednja stvar koju želimo
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is drug-resistant strains of HIV
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jeste rasprostiranje rezistentnih sojeva virusa HIV-a
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popping up all over the world,
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po čitavom svetu,
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because it will make treatment more expensive
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jer to će dovesti do povećanja cena terapije,
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and it could also restore
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i može vratiti na scenu
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the pre-ARV carnage of HIV/AIDS.
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stopu HIV-SIDA smrtnosti na nivo pre-ARV perioda.
01:48
I experienced this firsthand
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Ovo sam i lično doživeo
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as a high school student in Uganda.
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u toku srednje škole u Ugandi.
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This was in the 90s
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To se dešavalo u periodu '90.
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during the peak of the HIV epidemic,
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u toku samog vrhunca HIV epidemije,
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before there were any ARVs in Sub-Saharan Africa.
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pre nego što su uvedeni ARV lekovi u podsaharskoj Africi.
01:59
And during that time, I actually lost more relatives,
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U tom periodu je epidemija HIV/SID-e usmrtila mnogo mojih rođaka,
02:02
as well as the teachers who taught me,
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a takođe i nastavnika
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to HIV/AIDS.
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koji su me podučavali.
02:06
So this became one of the driving passions of my life,
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To me je motivisalo da se posvetim
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to help find real solutions
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pronalaženju pravih rešenja
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that could address these kinds of problems.
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koja bi se na adekvatan način nosila sa ovim tipom problema.
02:16
We all know about the miracle of miniaturization.
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Svi smo svesni čuda minimalizma.
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Back in the day, computers used to fill this entire room,
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Ranije su računari bili veličine čitave ovakve sobe,
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and people actually used to work inside the computers.
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i ljudi su u principu radilu unutar samih računara.
02:25
But what electronic miniaturization has done
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Minimalizam u elektronici je omogućio
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is that it has allowed people to shrink
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ljudima da smanje tehnologiju
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technology into a cell phone.
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do veličine mobilnog telefona.
02:32
And I'm sure everyone here enjoys cell phones
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Siguran sam da svi prisutni ovde nalaze mobilne telefone
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that can actually be used in the remote areas of the world,
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koje mogu da koriste u udaljenim krajevima sveta, u zemljama trećeg sveta,
02:37
in the Third World countries.
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veoma korisnim.
02:40
The good news is that the same technology
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Dobra vest je što ista ta tehnologija koja je
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that allowed miniaturization of electronics
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omogućila minimalizam u elektronici,
02:44
is now allowing us to miniaturize
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danas omogućava da uvedemo minimalizam
02:47
biological laboratories.
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i u slučaju bioloških laboratorija.
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So, right now, we can actually miniaturize
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U ovom trenutku možemo svesti
02:51
biological and chemistry laboratories
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biološku i hemijsku laboratoriju
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onto microfluidic chips.
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na mikrofluidni čip.
02:56
I was very lucky to come
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Imao sam sreće da dođem
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to the US right after high school,
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u SAD odmah nakon srednje škole,
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and was able to work on this technology
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i bio sam u prilici da radim na ovoj tehnologiji
03:02
and develop some devices.
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i razvijem neke uređaje.
03:05
This is a microfluidic chip that I developed.
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Ovo je mikrofluidni čip koji sam razvio.
03:08
A close look at how the technology works:
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Detaljan pogled na sistem rada ove tehnologije
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These are channels that are about the size of a human hair --
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Imamo kanale koji su veličine ljudske dlake,
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so you have integrated valves, pumps, mixers and injectors --
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i tu su integrisani kontrolori protoka, pumpe, mikseri i špricevi,
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so you can fit entire diagnostic experiments
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tako da možete da smestite čitav dijagnostički eksperiment
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onto a microfluidic system.
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na sistem mikrofluida.
03:22
So what I plan to do with this technology
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Moj plan je da iskoristim
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is to actually take the current state
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ovu tehnologiju kakva postoji danas
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of the technology
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i na toj platformi
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and build an HIV kit
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izgradim čitav HIV dijagnostički set,
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in a microfluidic system.
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na tom sistemu mikrofluida.
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So, with one microfluidic chip,
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Uz pomoć samo jednog mikrofluidnog čipa
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which is the size of an iPhone,
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koji je veličine ajFona,
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you can actually diagnose
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možete uraditi dijagnozu
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100 patients at the same time.
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100 pacijenata istovremeno.
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For each patient, we will be able to do
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Moći ćemo da procenimo, za svakog pacijenta,
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up to 100 different viral loads per patient.
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do 100 različitih titara virusa po pacijentu.
03:47
And this is only done in four hours,
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Procedura traje samo četiri sata,
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50 times faster than the current state of the art,
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50 puta je brža od današnjeg najboljeg uređaja,
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at a cost that will be five to 500 times cheaper
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a cena će biti 500 puta jeftinija
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than the current options.
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u odnosu na trenutno stanje.
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So this will allow us to create
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Ovo će nam dozvoliti da plasiramo
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personalized medicines in the Third World
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personalizovanu medicinu u zemljama trećeg sveta
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at a cost that is actually achievable
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po ceni koja je u principu dosežna
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and make the world a safer place.
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i tako ćemo svet učiniti bezbednijim.
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I invite your interest
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Pozivam vas da se zainteresujete
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as well as your involvement
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a i da sami doprinesete tome
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in driving this vision
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da ova vizija
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to a point of practical reality.
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ugleda svetlost dana.
04:15
Thank you very much.
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Mnogo vam hvala.
04:17
(Applause)
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(aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Frederick Balagadde - InventorTED Senior Fellow Frederick Balagadde invented the micro-chemostat, a first-of-its-kind, dime-sized piece of transparent plastic that can orchestrate the behavior of living cells.
Why you should listen
Frederick Balagadde is a research scientist in the Engineering Technologies Division at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. As a graduate student at Caltech and Stanford University, Frederick invented the micro-chemostat: a first-of-its-kind microfabricated fluidic chip that mimics a biological cell culture environment in a highly complex web of tiny pumps and human hair-sized water hoses, all controlled by a multitasking computer.
Frederick's pioneering research has attracted interest in the scientific community, including a publication in Science Magazine.
Frederick was a TEDGlobal 2009 Fellow and is a TED Senior Fellow.
Frederick Balagadde | Speaker | TED.com