ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Alex Steffen - Planetary futurist
Alex Steffen explores our planet's future, telling powerful, inspiring stories about the hard choices facing humanity ... and our opportunity to create a much better tomorrow.

Why you should listen

Do you ever wonder whether we should be optimistic or pessimistic about the future? If you want more reasons to think things may still turn out for the better, Alex Steffen's your man. He doesn't downplay the scope and scale of the problems we face. Instead, he shows that we have the tools within our grasp for meeting those massive challenges, if we have the will to use them.

This isn't just hopeful thinking, either. Steffen uses real-world examples and big-picture research to show us that a brighter, greener future is ours to choose, and his work has earned him the ear of leading cities, corporations and philanthropic foundations. As the New York Times said a recent profile, "Alex Steffen lays out the blueprint for a successful century."

After working as a journalist on four continents, Steffen co-founded and ran the online magazine Worldchanging.com from 2003-2010. In those seven years, he made Worldchanging one of the world's leading sustainability-related publications with an archive of almost 12,000 articles and a large global audience. He also edited an internationally best-selling book surveying innovative solutions to the planet's most pressing problems: Worldchanging: A User's Guide for the 21st Century. 

His most recent work is Carbon Zero, a book describing cities that create prosperity not climate change, accelerating their economies while reducing their climate emissions to zero. He is now at work on a new book and a television project. "The big open secret about sustainability work," he recently told Design Observer magazine, 'is not how bad things are. It is how good things can get."

More profile about the speaker
Alex Steffen | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2011

Alex Steffen: The shareable future of cities

阿莱克斯·斯特芬:共享未来城市

Filmed:
1,072,722 views

如何通过城市自身减少对未来资源的透支?阿莱克斯·斯特芬展示了一些很有特点的基于社区的绿色方案,为我们达成我们的需求拓展了新的方法--同时也减少我们的开车时间。
- Planetary futurist
Alex Steffen explores our planet's future, telling powerful, inspiring stories about the hard choices facing humanity ... and our opportunity to create a much better tomorrow. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
Climate气候 change更改 is already已经 a heavy topic话题,
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气候变化已经是一个沉重的话题
00:17
and it's getting得到 heavier较重
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并且正变得越来越沉重
00:19
because we're understanding理解
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因为我们知道
00:21
that we need to do more than we are.
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我们需要付出的比现在更多
00:23
We're understanding理解, in fact事实,
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我们清楚,事实上
00:25
that those of us who live生活 in the developed发达 world世界
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我们之中那些生活在发达世界的人们
00:27
need to be really pushing推动 towards eliminating消除 our emissions排放.
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需要切实的去推进减排的工作
00:30
That's, to put it mildly温和, not what's on the table now.
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那已经,说的委婉一点,不能仅仅是纸上谈兵了
00:33
And it tends趋向 to feel a little overwhelming压倒
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当我们看看真实情况
00:35
when we look at what is there in reality现实 today今天
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以及面临的巨大问题
00:38
and the magnitude大小 of the problem问题 that we face面对.
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会感到有点势不可挡的感觉
00:41
And when we have overwhelming压倒 problems问题 in front面前 of us,
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当棘手的问题摆在我们面前的时候
00:44
we tend趋向 to seek寻求 simple简单 answers答案.
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我们都会试图寻找简单的解决方法
00:47
And I think this is what we've我们已经 doneDONE with climate气候 change更改.
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我认为这就是我们现在面对气候变化的所作所为
00:50
We look at where the emissions排放 are coming未来 from --
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我们看到排放气体的来源--
00:52
they're coming未来 out of our tailpipes排气管 and smokestacks烟囱 and so forth向前,
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它们来自我们的排气管和烟囱等等
00:55
and we say, okay, well the problem问题 is
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然后我们说,恩,问题就是
00:57
that they're coming未来 out of fossil化石 fuels燃料 that we're burning燃烧,
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它们来自化石燃料的燃烧
00:59
so therefore因此, the answer回答 must必须 be
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因此,解决方法一定就是
01:02
to replace更换 those fossil化石 fuels燃料 with clean清洁 sources来源 of energy能源.
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把那些化石燃料换成清洁能源
01:05
And while, of course课程, we do need clean清洁 energy能源,
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虽然说,毫无疑问,我们确实需要清洁能源
01:08
I would put to you that it's possible可能
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我会向你提出如果我们
01:10
that by looking at climate气候 change更改
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把气候变化问题
01:12
as a clean清洁 energy能源 generation problem问题,
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看做是清洁能源问题
01:14
we're in fact事实 setting设置 ourselves我们自己 up
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那么我们实际上让自己偏离了解决问题
01:16
not to solve解决 it.
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的正确方向
01:18
And the reason原因 why
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原因在于
01:20
is that we live生活 on a planet行星
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我们生活的星球
01:22
that is rapidly急速 urbanizing城市化.
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正在快速的城市化
01:24
That shouldn't不能 be news新闻 to any of us.
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这对我们来说已经不是什么新闻了
01:26
However然而, it's hard sometimes有时
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但是,有时候我们已经很难
01:28
to remember记得 the extent程度 of that urbanization城市化.
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记住城市化的程度了
01:31
By mid-century本世纪中叶,
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到本世纪中叶
01:33
we're going to have about eight billion十亿 -- perhaps也许 more -- people
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我们会有大约80亿--也许更多--的人口
01:36
living活的 in cities城市 or within a day's travel旅行 of one.
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居住在城市
01:39
We will be an overwhelmingly压倒性 urban城市的 species种类.
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我们将不可避免的成为城市化物种
01:42
In order订购 to provide提供
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为了提供
01:44
the kind of energy能源 that it would take
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足够的能源去满足80亿人
01:46
for eight billion十亿 people living活的 in cities城市
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生活在城市
01:48
that are even somewhat有些 like the cities城市
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甚至是像城市的地方
01:50
that those of us in the global全球 North live生活 in today今天,
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像我们中现在生活在北方世界的人居住的地方
01:52
we would have to generate生成
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我们将不得不生产出
01:54
an absolutely绝对 astonishing惊人 amount of energy能源.
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惊人数量的能源
01:56
It may可能 be possible可能
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也许我们
01:58
that we are not even able能够
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根本提供不了
02:00
to build建立 that much clean清洁 energy能源.
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那么多的清洁能源
02:03
So if we're seriously认真地 talking about tackling抢断 climate气候 change更改
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因此如果我们严肃的来商讨如何在这个不断城市化的星球上
02:06
on an urbanizing城市化 planet行星,
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阻止气候变化
02:08
we need to look somewhere某处 else其他 for the solution.
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我们需要找到其他的解决方法
02:11
The solution, in fact事实, may可能 be closer接近 to hand than we think,
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这个解决方法,实际上可能就近在眼前
02:14
because all of those cities城市 we're building建造
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因为我们建造的所有城市
02:16
are opportunities机会.
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都是机会
02:18
Every一切 city determines确定 to a very large extent程度
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在很大程度上,每座城市自身就决定了
02:21
the amount of energy能源 used by its inhabitants居民.
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其居民使用的能源量
02:24
We tend趋向 to think of energy能源 use as a behavioral行为的 thing --
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我们趋向于把能源的使用想成一种行为方式--
02:27
I choose选择 to turn this light switch开关 on --
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我选择把这盏灯关掉--
02:29
but really, enormous巨大 amounts of our energy能源 use
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但是实际上,我们居住的社区和城市的类型
02:32
are predestined有缘
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已经决定了
02:34
by the kinds of communities社区 and cities城市 that we live生活 in.
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我们会使用大量的能源
02:37
I won't惯于 show显示 you very many许多 graphs today今天,
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我今天不会向大家展示太多的图表
02:39
but if I can just focus焦点 on this one for a moment时刻,
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但是如果我们仔细看一下这张表的话
02:42
it really tells告诉 us a lot of what we need to know --
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它能展示出许多我们需要了解的东西--
02:44
which哪一个 is, quite相当 simply只是,
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那就是,一个非常简单的事实
02:46
that if you look, for example, at transportation运输,
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如果你看一下,举个例子,交通运输
02:48
a major重大的 category类别 of climate气候 emissions排放,
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一个主要的气候排放来源
02:50
there is a direct直接 relationship关系
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在城市密度
02:52
between之间 how dense稠密 a city is
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和城市居民
02:54
and the amount of climate气候 emissions排放
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排放到空气中的废气量之间
02:56
that its residents居民 spew out into the air空气.
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是有直接联系的
02:59
And the correlation相关, of course课程,
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它们之间的相互关系,当然了
03:01
is that denser更密集 places地方 tend趋向 to have lower降低 emissions排放 --
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密度越大的地方趋向于低排放--
03:04
which哪一个 isn't really all that difficult to figure数字 out, if you think about it.
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如果你仔细想想,其实它并不是很难理解
03:07
Basically基本上,
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基本上
03:09
we substitute替代, in our lives生活,
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生活中我们会选择不同的方法
03:12
access访问 to the things we want.
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完成我们想做的事情
03:14
We go out there and we hop in our cars汽车
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我们外出时会一跃而进我们的爱车
03:16
and we drive驾驶 from place地点 to place地点.
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然后驾车去往目的地
03:18
And we're basically基本上 using运用 mobility流动性 to get the access访问 we need.
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通常我们选用机动性的方式去达成我们的意愿
03:21
But when we live生活 in a denser更密集 community社区,
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但是当我们生活在高密度的社区时
03:23
suddenly突然 what we find, of course课程,
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我们会猛然发现,当然
03:25
is that the things we need are close by.
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我们需要的东西都在我们的周围
03:27
And since以来 the most sustainable可持续发展 trip
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因为最绿色的出行方式
03:29
is the one that you never had to make in the first place地点,
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是你根本就不需要出行
03:32
suddenly突然 our lives生活 become成为 instantly即刻 more sustainable可持续发展.
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不经意间我们的生活方式立刻变得更加绿色了
03:35
And it is possible可能, of course课程,
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增加社区的密度,当然
03:37
to increase增加 the density密度 of the communities社区 around us.
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是完全可能的
03:40
Some places地方 are doing this with new eco生态 districts,
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一些地方正在做着类似新生态区的事情
03:42
developing发展 whole整个 new sustainable可持续发展 neighborhoods社区,
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正在发展一套全新的可持续发展的生活区
03:44
which哪一个 is nice不错 work if you can get it,
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如果你了解这项工作,你会觉得它很棒
03:46
but most of the time, what we're talking about is, in fact事实,
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但是大多数时候,我们讨论的实际上是
03:49
reweaving重新编织 the urban城市的 fabric that we already已经 have.
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重新编制我们现有的城市网络
03:51
So we're talking about things like infill填充 development发展:
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因此我们更多提到的是填充式开发:
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really sharp尖锐 little changes变化
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即对我们现有的建筑
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to where we have buildings房屋, where we're developing发展.
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和正在发展中事物不做明显的改变
03:58
Urban城市的 retrofitting改造:
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城市改造:
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creating创建 different不同 sorts排序 of spaces空间 and uses使用
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即在我们现在已经使用的空间基础上
04:02
out of places地方 that are already已经 there.
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创造出不同种的新空间和用途
04:04
Increasingly日益, we're realizing实现
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渐渐的,我们就会意识到
04:06
that we don't even need to densify致密 an entire整个 city.
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我们甚至不需要去增加整个城市的密度
04:09
What we need instead代替 is an average平均 density密度
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取而代之的是促使城市平均密度
04:12
that rises上升 to a level水平
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达到一个
04:14
where we don't drive驾驶 as much and so on.
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我们之前没有达到的程度
04:16
And that can be doneDONE
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我们可以通过提高某些特定点的密度
04:18
by raising提高 the density密度 in very specific具体 spots斑点 a whole整个 lot.
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来达到这个目标
04:21
So you can think of it as tent帐篷 poles
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你可以把它想成帐篷的几个支撑杆
04:24
that actually其实 raise提高 the density密度 of the entire整个 city.
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它可以切实的提高整个城市的密度
04:27
And we find that when we do that,
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我们发现 当我们去做的时候
04:29
we can, in fact事实, have a few少数 places地方 that are really hyper-dense超密集
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实际上,在一个可能安逸些的广阔地区
04:31
within a wider更宽的 fabric of places地方
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有几个真正
04:33
that are perhaps也许 a little more comfortable自在
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高密度的地方
04:35
and achieve实现 the same相同 results结果.
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就可以达到同样的结果
04:37
Now we may可能 find that there are places地方 that are really, really dense稠密
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现在我们可能会发现有些地方密度确实很大
04:40
and still hold保持 onto their cars汽车,
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但仍然保有着他们的汽车
04:42
but the reality现实 is that, by and large,
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可是实际情况是,总的来说
04:45
what we see when we get a lot of people together一起 with the right conditions条件
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当我们在适当的条件下把人们聚集在一起的时候,我们看到的是
04:48
is a threshold effect影响,
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一个门槛效应
04:50
where people simply只是 stop driving主动 as much,
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当人们聚集在一个
04:52
and increasingly日益, more and more people,
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他们认为有家的感觉的地方的时候
04:54
if they're surrounded包围 by places地方 that make them feel at home,
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他们会自然的停止开车,并且渐渐地,越来越多的人
04:56
give up their cars汽车 altogether.
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都会放弃他们的车
04:58
And this is a huge巨大, huge巨大 energy能源 savings,
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这将节省一笔非常非常可观的能源消耗
05:01
because what comes out of our tailpipe排气管
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因为从排气管中排放的废气
05:03
is really just the beginning开始 of the story故事
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仅仅是汽车业造成气候变化
05:05
with climate气候 emissions排放 from cars汽车.
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的开端
05:07
We have the manufacture制造 of the car汽车, the disposal处置 of the car汽车,
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其中还有汽车的制造,报废
05:09
all of the parking停車處 and freeways高速公路 and so on.
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所有的停车场以及高速路等环节
05:12
When you can get rid摆脱 of all of those
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当你可以解决掉所有上述环节
05:14
because somebody doesn't use any of them really,
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因为有些人根本用不到上述任何一个设施
05:16
you find that you can actually其实 cut transportation运输 emissions排放
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就可以切实的减少90%的
05:18
as much as 90 percent百分.
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交通废气的排放
05:20
And people are embracing拥抱 this.
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人们在逐渐认同这个观点
05:22
All around the world世界, we're seeing眼看 more and more people embrace拥抱 this walkshedwalkshed life.
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纵观全球,我们看到越来越多的人们接受了这种步行生活方式
05:25
People are saying that it's moving移动 from the idea理念 of the dream梦想 home
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人们认为 大家的观念正在从拥有一个梦想的小家转变成
05:28
to the dream梦想 neighborhood邻里.
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拥有一个梦想的社区
05:30
And when you layer that over
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当你把那些
05:32
with the kind of ubiquitous普及 communications通讯 that we're starting开始 to see,
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我们正在普遍使用的通讯方式引入的时候
05:35
what you find is, in fact事实,
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你会发现,事实上
05:37
even more access访问 suffused弥漫的 into spaces空间.
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我们的生活会有更多的选择
05:40
Some of it's transportation运输 access访问.
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其中就有一些交通选择
05:42
This is a MapnificentMapnificent map地图 that shows节目 me, in this case案件,
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这是Mapnificent给出的一张地图,它显示了
05:45
how far I can get from my home in 30 minutes分钟
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从我家出发,在30分钟内乘坐公共交通
05:47
using运用 public上市 transportation运输.
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可以走多远
05:49
Some of it is about walking步行. It's not all perfect完善 yet然而.
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有一些是靠走路的,它还并不是各方面都很完美
05:51
This is Google谷歌 Walking步行 Maps地图.
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这是个谷歌的步行地图
05:53
I asked how to do the greater更大 Ridgeway里奇韦,
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我问它如何去大Ridgeway区
05:55
and it told me to go via通过 Guernsey根西岛.
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它告诉我通过Guernsey
05:57
It did tell me that this route路线
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它并没有显示这条线路
05:59
maybe missing失踪 sidewalks人行道 or pedestrian行人 paths路径, though虽然.
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也许错过了人行路或者步行路
06:01
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
06:03
But the technologies技术 are getting得到 better,
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但是科技在不断进步
06:05
and we're starting开始 to really kind of crowdsource众包 this navigation导航.
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这些导航工具也开始不断出现在我们周围
06:07
And as we just heard听说 earlier,
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就像我们刚刚听到的
06:09
of course课程, we're also learning学习 how to put information信息 on dumb objects对象.
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当然,我们同样正在学习如何把信息放到那些不说话的工具中
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Things that don't have any wiring接线 in them at all,
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放到那些无线的工具中
06:14
we're learning学习 how to include包括
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我们正在学习如何把信息放入
06:16
in these systems系统 of notation符号 and navigation导航.
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这些标记和导航系统之中
06:19
Part部分 of what we're finding发现 with this
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我们从中发现的部分结论是
06:21
is that what we thought
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我们之前以为
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was the major重大的 point
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生产和消耗
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of manufacturing制造业 and consumption消费,
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的关键点
06:28
which哪一个 is to get a bunch of stuff东东,
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即生产出大量的产品
06:30
is not, in fact事实,
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事实上并不能让
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how we really live生活 best最好 in dense稠密 environments环境.
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我们在高密度环境下生活得最好
06:34
What we're finding发现 is that what we want
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我们寻找的正是我们所希望的
06:36
is access访问 to the capacities能力 of things.
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那就是让事物发挥出最大的承载力
06:38
My favorite喜爱 example is a drill钻头. Who here owns拥有 a drill钻头, a home power功率 drill钻头?
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我最喜欢的例子是钻头的例子,在坐的谁家有钻头?家用型的?
06:41
Okay. I do too.
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我也有
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The average平均 home power功率 drill钻头 is used somewhere某处 between之间 six and 20 minutes分钟
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家用型钻头在它的整个使用寿命中平均
06:45
in its entire整个 lifetime一生,
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被使用6-20分钟
06:47
depending根据 on who you ask.
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这取决于你问的是谁
06:49
And so what we do is we buy购买 these drills演习
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因此我们做的就是买下这些
06:52
that have a potential潜在 capacity容量 of thousands数千 of hours小时 of drill钻头 time,
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实际上有着数千小时使用寿命的钻头
06:55
use them once一旦 or twice两次 to put a hole in the wall and let them sit.
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然后用它们在墙上钻一两次洞,就把它们闲置在一边
06:58
Our cities城市, I would put to you,
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我们的城市,我会向你展示
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are stockpiles库存 of these surplus剩余 capacities能力.
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囤积了大量这样的盈余的能力
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And while we could try and figure数字 out
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于是我们尝试发现
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new ways方法 to use those capacities能力 --
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运用这些闲置能力的新方法--
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such这样 as cooking烹饪 or making制造 ice sculptures雕塑
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比如用它烹饪或者做冰雕
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or even a mafia黑手党 hit击中 --
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甚至可以当凶器--
07:11
what we probably大概 will find
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我们很可能会发现
07:13
is that, in fact事实, turning车削 those products制品 into services服务
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实际上把这些产品转化为服务
07:15
that we have access访问 to when we want them,
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我们需要的时候就可以使用的服务
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is a far smarter聪明 way to go.
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这是非常明智的方法
07:20
And in fact事实, even space空间 itself本身 is turning车削 into a service服务.
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事实上,甚至空间本身也正在变成一种服务
07:23
We're finding发现 that people can share分享 the same相同 spaces空间,
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我们发现人们可以共享一样的空间
07:25
do stuff东东 with vacant空的 space空间.
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用闲置的空间做些事情
07:28
Buildings房屋 are becoming变得 bundles捆绑 of services服务.
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建筑物就成了把这些服务聚集起来的地方
07:30
So we have new designs设计
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因此我们有了新设计
07:32
that are helping帮助 us take mechanical机械 things that we used to spend energy能源 on --
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帮助我们把原来需要耗能的机械性设备--
07:35
like heating加热, cooling冷却 etc等等. --
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例如暖气和制冷装置等等--
07:37
and turn them into things that we avoid避免 spending开支 energy能源 on.
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转变成无需耗能的装置
07:40
So we light our buildings房屋 with daylight阳光.
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我们让建筑物采用自然采光
07:42
We cool them with breezes微风. We heat them with sunshine阳光.
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采用自然风降温 采用日光升温
07:45
In fact事实, when we use all these things,
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实际上 当我们采用这些设计时
07:47
what we've我们已经 found发现 is that, in some cases,
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我们发现 在某些情况下
07:49
energy能源 use in a building建造 can drop下降 as much as 90 percent百分.
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建筑物的节能程度可以高达90%
07:51
Which哪一个 brings带来 on another另一个 threshold effect影响
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也带来了另一种门槛效应
07:53
I like to call furnace dumping倾销,
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我称其为“抛弃锅炉”
07:55
which哪一个 is, quite相当 simply只是,
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非常简单
07:57
if you have a building建造 that doesn't need to be heated加热 with a furnace,
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如果一个建筑本身不需要靠锅炉房供暖
07:59
you save保存 a whole整个 bunch of money up front面前.
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你就节省了一大笔资金
08:01
These things actually其实 become成为 cheaper便宜 to build建立
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建筑成本也因此比之前
08:03
than the alternatives备择方案.
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有所降低
08:05
Now when we look at being存在 able能够
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现在 当我们去
08:08
to slash削减 our product产品 use, slash削减 our transportation运输 use,
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削减产品消耗,削减运输消耗
08:11
slash削减 our building建造 energy能源 use,
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削减建筑物本身能源消耗
08:13
all of that is great, but it still leaves树叶 something behind背后.
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所有这些都很棒,但是还是有些事情需要改进
08:16
And if we're going to really, truly become成为 sustainable可持续发展 cities城市,
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如果我们想真正的成为可持续发展型城市
08:18
we need to think a little differently不同.
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我们需要考虑一些不同的东西
08:20
This is one way to do it.
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这里有一个方法
08:22
This is Vancouver's温哥华 propaganda宣传 about how green绿色 a city they are.
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这是一个温哥华的宣传活动,关于他们的城市是多么环保
08:24
And certainly当然 lots of people have taken采取 to heart
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人们的观念里已经认为一个可持续发展的
08:26
this idea理念 that a sustainable可持续发展 city is covered覆盖 in greenery绿化.
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城市一定是被绿色所覆盖的
08:29
So we have visions愿景 like this.
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因此我们就有了这样的想象
08:31
We have visions愿景 like this. We have visions愿景 like this.
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这样的想象,还有这样的
08:34
Now all of these are fine projects项目,
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这些都是很好的方案
08:36
but they really have missed错过 an essential必要 point,
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但是他们还缺少了很重要的一点
08:39
which哪一个 is it's not about the leaves树叶 above以上,
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缺少的不是外表的建设
08:41
it's about the systems系统 below下面.
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而且是背后的系统建设
08:43
Do they, for instance, capture捕获 rainwater雨水
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比如,他们有没有对雨水进行利用
08:45
so that we can reduce减少 water use?
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从而减少水资源消耗
08:47
Water is energy能源 intensive集约.
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水是能源集中型的
08:50
Do they, perhaps也许, include包括 green绿色 infrastructure基础设施,
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他们的设想是否包括了绿色的基础设施
08:52
so that we can take runoff径流
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以便利于雨水的下渗和利用
08:54
and water that's going out of our houses房屋
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还可以利用生活用水
08:56
and clean清洁 it and filter过滤 it
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清洁过滤
08:58
and grow增长 urban城市的 street trees树木?
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浇灌城市植被
09:00
Do they connect us back to the ecosystems生态系统 around us
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这些方案是否可以回归到我们周围的生态系统中
09:03
by, for example, connecting us to rivers河流
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比如,我们周围的河流
09:05
and allowing允许 for restoration恢复?
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恢复它们的原貌
09:07
Do they allow允许 for pollination授粉,
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他们是考虑到花朵的授粉
09:09
pollinator授粉 pathways途径
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提供传粉的通道
09:11
that bees蜜蜂 and butterflies蝴蝶 and such这样 can come back into our cities城市?
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从而让蜜蜂和蝴蝶之类的传粉昆虫重新回到我们的城市?
09:14
Do they even take the very waste浪费 matter
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甚至他们是否运用了废弃物
09:16
that we have from food餐饮 and fiber纤维 and so forth向前,
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包括食物、纤维等等物质
09:19
and turn it back into soil
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让它们回归土壤
09:21
and sequester隔离 carbon --
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并进行固碳
09:23
take carbon out of the air空气
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即在我们使用城市的过程中
09:25
in the process处理 of using运用 our cities城市?
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把碳从空气中剥离
09:27
I would submit提交 to you that all of these things are not only possible可能,
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我想告诉大家所有这些方法不仅仅是可能
09:30
they're being存在 doneDONE right now,
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他们正在被运用着
09:32
and that it's a darn good thing.
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这是非常好的事情
09:34
Because right now, our economy经济 by and large
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因为现在,我们的经济运作方式总的来说
09:37
operates操作 as Paul保罗 Hawken霍肯 said,
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就像保罗霍肯说的那样
09:39
"by stealing偷窃行为 the future未来, selling销售 it in the present当下
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"盗取将来的资源,在现在进行交易
09:41
and calling调用 it GDPGDP."
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然后称其为GDP”
09:43
And if we have another另一个 eight billion十亿
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如果再增加八十亿
09:45
or seven billion十亿,
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或是七十亿
09:47
or six billion十亿, even, people,
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或者只是六十亿的人口
09:49
living活的 on a planet行星 where their cities城市 also steal the future未来,
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如果人们仍然以透支未来的方式生活在这个星球上
09:52
we're going to run out of future未来 really fast快速.
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资源将会很快被我们所耗尽
09:54
But if we think differently不同,
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但是如果我们换个方式思考
09:56
I think that, in fact事实, we can have cities城市
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我想我们可以拥有的不仅仅是
09:58
that are not only zero emissions排放,
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零排放的城市
10:00
but have unlimited无限 possibilities可能性 as well.
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我们还拥有着无限的可能
10:02
Thank you very much.
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非常感谢
10:04
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
Translated by Jiwei Qu
Reviewed by Jing Gao

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Alex Steffen - Planetary futurist
Alex Steffen explores our planet's future, telling powerful, inspiring stories about the hard choices facing humanity ... and our opportunity to create a much better tomorrow.

Why you should listen

Do you ever wonder whether we should be optimistic or pessimistic about the future? If you want more reasons to think things may still turn out for the better, Alex Steffen's your man. He doesn't downplay the scope and scale of the problems we face. Instead, he shows that we have the tools within our grasp for meeting those massive challenges, if we have the will to use them.

This isn't just hopeful thinking, either. Steffen uses real-world examples and big-picture research to show us that a brighter, greener future is ours to choose, and his work has earned him the ear of leading cities, corporations and philanthropic foundations. As the New York Times said a recent profile, "Alex Steffen lays out the blueprint for a successful century."

After working as a journalist on four continents, Steffen co-founded and ran the online magazine Worldchanging.com from 2003-2010. In those seven years, he made Worldchanging one of the world's leading sustainability-related publications with an archive of almost 12,000 articles and a large global audience. He also edited an internationally best-selling book surveying innovative solutions to the planet's most pressing problems: Worldchanging: A User's Guide for the 21st Century. 

His most recent work is Carbon Zero, a book describing cities that create prosperity not climate change, accelerating their economies while reducing their climate emissions to zero. He is now at work on a new book and a television project. "The big open secret about sustainability work," he recently told Design Observer magazine, 'is not how bad things are. It is how good things can get."

More profile about the speaker
Alex Steffen | Speaker | TED.com