TEDNYC
Andrew Dent: To eliminate waste, we need to rediscover thrift
安德鲁 · 登特: 消灭铺张浪费，我们需要重新认识节俭
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安德鲁 · 登特认为，没有什么东西是应该扔掉的——当你将用过的食品容器、玩坏的玩具或者旧袜子扔进垃圾桶时，它们最终将不可避免地被运到垃圾场。但我们可以改进产品的生产和再生产方式。登特分享了关于节俭的几个例子，如利用和重新利用你需要的东西而不总是买新的，材料科学的进步——如用纳米纤维制作的电子产品，以及用酶让塑料变得可无限循环利用。
Andrew Dent - Material innovator
A leading expert on sustainable materials, Andrew Dent has played an important part in creating a new generation of more sustainable products. Full bio
A leading expert on sustainable materials, Andrew Dent has played an important part in creating a new generation of more sustainable products. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Let's talk about thrift.
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让我们说说节俭。
00:15
Thrift is a concept where you
reduce, reuse and recycle,
reduce, reuse and recycle,
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节俭是一个关于减少使用，
重复利用，回收再利用的一个概念，
重复利用，回收再利用的一个概念，
00:19
but yet with an economic aspect
I think has a real potential for change.
I think has a real potential for change.
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但在经济方面，我觉得
它可以带来真正的改变。
它可以带来真正的改变。
00:25
My grandmother, she knew about thrift.
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我的祖母，她知道怎么节俭。
这是她放皮筋儿的罐子，
00:27
This is her string jar.
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00:29
She never bought any string.
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她从来不买皮筋儿，
00:30
Basically, she would collect string.
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只是收集它们。
这些皮筋儿来自于肉铺，
或者是礼品包装。
或者是礼品包装。
00:32
It would come from the butcher's,
it would come from presents.
it would come from presents.
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她会把绳子存到罐子里，
当需要用时，再取出来。
当需要用时，再取出来。
00:35
She would put it in the jar
and then use it when it was needed.
and then use it when it was needed.
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用完后——不管是
用它来扎玫瑰花束，
用它来扎玫瑰花束，
00:38
When it was finished,
whether it was tying up the roses
whether it was tying up the roses
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还是我的自行车部件，
00:40
or a part of my bike,
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用完后它就会重新回到罐子中。
00:41
once finished with that,
it'd go back into the jar.
it'd go back into the jar.
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这是一个很棒的节约理念；
你只用你需要的，
你只用你需要的，
00:44
This is a perfect idea of thrift;
you use what you need,
you use what you need,
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不用去买太多东西，
所以能省不少钱。
所以能省不少钱。
00:47
you don't actually purchase anything,
so you save money.
so you save money.
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00:50
Kids also inherently know this idea.
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孩子们天生就知道如何节俭，
当你想丢弃一个纸箱时，
00:52
When you want to throw out
a cardboard box,
a cardboard box,
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孩子一般会说，
“别扔！我想用来做机器人的头，
“别扔！我想用来做机器人的头，
00:54
the average kid will say, "Don't!
I want to use it for a robot head
I want to use it for a robot head
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或者做成独木舟去漂流。”
00:57
or for a canoe to paddle down a river."
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他们知道产品二次利用的价值。
01:00
They understand the value
of the second life of products.
of the second life of products.
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01:04
So, I think thrift is
a perfect counterpoint
a perfect counterpoint
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我认为节俭与我们当今所处的
时代完美对应。
01:07
to the current age which we live in.
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01:09
All of our current products
are replaceable.
are replaceable.
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目前我们所有的产品都是可替代的。
当我们得到一件
崭新的、闪亮的玩具，
崭新的、闪亮的玩具，
01:12
When we get that bright, new, shiny toy,
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01:14
it's because, basically,
we got rid of the old one.
we got rid of the old one.
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是因为我们把旧的丢掉了。
01:17
The idea of that is, of course,
it's great in the moment,
it's great in the moment,
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没错，当时的感觉很美好，
但如果我们一直这么做，
01:21
but the challenge is,
as we keep doing this,
as we keep doing this,
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就会产生一个问题。
01:24
we're going to cause a problem.
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01:26
That problem is that
there is really no way.
there is really no way.
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问题就是，那些东西
根本没有办法真正的消失。
根本没有办法真正的消失。
01:29
When you throw something away,
it typically goes into a landfill.
it typically goes into a landfill.
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当我们丢掉一些东西时，
它们通常会被送到垃圾填埋场。
它们通常会被送到垃圾填埋场。
01:33
Now, a landfill is basically something
which is not going to go away,
which is not going to go away,
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而垃圾填埋场是不会消失的，
而且现在规模还在不断增加。
01:37
and it's increasing.
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现在，我们每年把13亿吨垃圾
01:38
At the moment, we have about
1.3 billion tons of material every year
1.3 billion tons of material every year
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送到垃圾填埋场。
01:43
going into landfills.
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2100年，这个数字会达到40亿吨。
01:44
By 2100, it's going to be
about four billion tons.
about four billion tons.
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01:48
See, instead, I'd prefer
if we started thrifting.
if we started thrifting.
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而我希望我们开始学会节俭，
01:51
What that means is, we consider materials
when they go into products
when they go into products
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这意味着，我们要思考：
在产品的各个阶段，从生产制造，
在产品的各个阶段，从生产制造，
01:56
and also when they get used,
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到消费使用，
最后到寿终正寝，
材料什么时候能被二次利用？
材料什么时候能被二次利用？
01:57
and, at the end of their life:
When can they be used again?
When can they be used again?
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02:00
It's the idea of completely changing
the way we think about waste,
the way we think about waste,
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我们要彻底改变对垃圾的看法，
让垃圾不再是一个肮脏的词——
02:03
so waste is no longer a dirty word --
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我们几乎再也不需要
用“垃圾”这个词。
用“垃圾”这个词。
02:05
we almost remove
the word "waste" completely.
the word "waste" completely.
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我们看到的只有资源。
02:07
All we're looking to is resources.
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这些资源会被制作成产品，
02:09
Resource goes into a product
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02:10
and then can basically go
into another product.
into another product.
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然后通过再利用变成另一件产品。
02:15
We used to be good at thrifting.
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我们过去很擅长节俭。
02:17
My grandmother, again,
used to use old seed packets
used to use old seed packets
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再说回我的祖母，
她曾经用旧的种子包装纸
她曾经用旧的种子包装纸
02:19
to paper the bathroom walls.
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来当浴室的墙纸。
02:21
I think, though, there are companies
out there who understand this value
out there who understand this value
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我认为，一些公司明白
产品重复利用的价值，
产品重复利用的价值，
02:24
and are promoting it.
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而且正在推广它。
02:26
And a lot of the technologies
that have been developed for the smart age
that have been developed for the smart age
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许多智能时代的科技，
也能帮助我们更好地
减少使用，重复利用，勤俭节约。
减少使用，重复利用，勤俭节约。
02:29
can also be adapted to reduce,
reuse and also thrift more proficiently.
reuse and also thrift more proficiently.
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02:34
And as a materials scientist,
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作为一个材料学家，
我一直在研究过去二十年
02:36
what I've been tracking
over the last couple of decades
over the last couple of decades
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企业在节俭方面取得的成效，
02:38
is how companies
are getting smart at thrifting,
are getting smart at thrifting,
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研究它们如何理解节俭这个概念，
02:41
how they're able
to understand this concept
to understand this concept
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并通过节俭获取利润。
02:43
and profit from it.
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02:45
I'm going to give you two examples.
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我给讲你们讲两个例子。
第一个是好的，
第二个是不太好的。
第二个是不太好的。
02:47
The first one, a good one;
the second one, not so good.
the second one, not so good.
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第一个例子是关于汽车制造业的。
02:49
The first is the automotive industry.
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没有多少人会认为
这是一个极具创新的产业，
这是一个极具创新的产业，
02:51
Not always known as the most
innovative or creative of industries,
innovative or creative of industries,
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而事实上，这个产业在
回收再利用方面做得十分出色。
回收再利用方面做得十分出色。
02:54
but it turns out, they're really,
really good at recycling their products.
really good at recycling their products.
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02:58
Ninety-five percent of every single car
that goes on the road
that goes on the road
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所有在路上跑的汽车中，有95%
都会被回收循环使用。
03:01
gets recycled here.
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而每辆车75%的部分
03:03
And of that car, about
75 percent of the entire car
75 percent of the entire car
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03:06
actually gets used again.
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又会被回收重新使用。
03:08
That includes, of course,
the old steel and aluminum
the old steel and aluminum
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回收的部分包括，废弃的钢和铝，
还有那些来自挡泥板
和汽车内部的塑料制品，
和汽车内部的塑料制品，
03:11
but then also the plastics
from the fender and the interiors,
from the fender and the interiors,
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车窗玻璃和挡风玻璃，
03:15
glass from the windows and the windshield
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以及轮胎。
03:17
and also the tires.
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有一个成熟的、成功的产业，
专门处理报废车辆，
专门处理报废车辆，
03:18
There's a mature and successful industry
that deals with these old cars
that deals with these old cars
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03:22
and basically recycles them
and puts them back into use
and puts them back into use
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对它们进行回收，并重新利用到
03:25
as new cars or other new products.
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新的汽车或其他产品中去。
03:28
Even as we move towards
battery-powered cars,
battery-powered cars,
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甚至我们的电动汽车，
03:31
there are companies that claim
they can recycle up to 90 percent
they can recycle up to 90 percent
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一些公司宣称，
它们最多可以回收再利用
它们最多可以回收再利用
到 2020 年所生产的
1100 万吨电池中的90%。
1100 万吨电池中的90%。
03:34
of the 11 million tons of batteries
that are going to be with us in 2020.
that are going to be with us in 2020.
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03:39
That, I think, is not perfect,
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我认为，这并不完美，
但已经非常不错了，
而且还有改善的空间。
而且还有改善的空间。
03:40
but it's certainly good,
and it's getting better.
and it's getting better.
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03:43
The industry that's not doing so well
is the architecture industry.
is the architecture industry.
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在这一方面做得
不太好的是建筑行业，
不太好的是建筑行业，
03:48
One of the challenges
with architecture has always been
with architecture has always been
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其中一个原因是，
我们只考虑建筑物建造，
却不考虑拆卸的问题，
却不考虑拆卸的问题，
03:50
when we build up, we don't think
about taking down.
about taking down.
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我们不会拆卸或拆除建筑物，
只会直接摧毁。
只会直接摧毁。
03:53
We don't dismantle,
we don't disassemble, we demolish.
we don't disassemble, we demolish.
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这是一个挑战，
03:56
That's a challenge,
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因为美国垃圾填埋场中有三分之一
03:57
because it ends up that about a third
of all landfill waste in the US
of all landfill waste in the US
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都是建筑垃圾。
04:00
is architecture.
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04:02
We need to think differently about this.
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我们应该想想怎么解决这个问题。
04:04
There are programs that can actually
reduce some of this material.
reduce some of this material.
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有些做法可以减少建筑垃圾的产生。
04:08
A good example is this.
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举一个比较好的例子，
04:09
These are actually bricks that are made
from old demolition waste,
from old demolition waste,
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这些砖头是用建筑废渣料生产的，
04:12
which includes the glass,
the rubble, the concrete.
the rubble, the concrete.
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其成分包括玻璃、瓦砾和混凝土。
04:16
You put up a grinder,
put it all together, heat it up
put it all together, heat it up
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把它们放进研磨机中，加热，
生产出的砖头又能被
用于更多建筑中去了。
用于更多建筑中去了。
04:18
and make these bricks we can
basically build more buildings from.
basically build more buildings from.
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但这只是很小的一部分。
04:21
But it's only a fraction of what we need.
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我希望，我们能利用
大数据和地理定位
大数据和地理定位
04:23
My hope is that with big data
and geotagging,
and geotagging,
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04:28
we can actually change that,
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改变这种状况，
把节俭这个概念运用到建筑业中。
04:29
and be more thrifty
when it comes to buildings.
when it comes to buildings.
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04:32
If there's a building down the block
which is being demolished,
which is being demolished,
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如果不远处有一栋楼正在被拆毁，
04:35
are there materials there
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拆下来的这些材料中
有没有一些是这边的
新建筑物可以使用的？
新建筑物可以使用的？
04:36
that the new building
being built here can use?
being built here can use?
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04:39
Can we use that, the ability to understand
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我们是否可以认为
04:42
that all the materials available
in that building are still usable?
in that building are still usable?
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这个建筑物所有的
建筑材料仍然可用？
建筑材料仍然可用？
我们是否可以将它们用于
建造新的建筑物
建造新的建筑物
04:45
Can we then basically put them
into a new building,
into a new building,
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04:48
without actually losing
any value in the process?
any value in the process?
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且不丧失它们自身的任何价值？
让我们再想想其他行业。
04:53
So now let's think about other industries.
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04:55
What are other industries doing
to create thrift?
to create thrift?
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其它行业是如何节俭的呢？
现在许多行业
04:57
Well, it turns out
that there are plenty of industries
that there are plenty of industries
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都在思考如何解决
05:00
that are also thinking
about their own waste
about their own waste
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生产废料这个问题。
05:02
and what we can do with it.
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一个简单的例子，
就是在工业生产中
就是在工业生产中
05:03
A simple example is the waste
that they basically belch out
that they basically belch out
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排放的工业废气。
05:06
as part of industrial processes.
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许多金属冶炼厂会在生产中
排放大量的二氧化碳。
排放大量的二氧化碳。
05:08
Most metal smelters give off
an awful lot of carbon dioxide.
an awful lot of carbon dioxide.
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05:11
Turns out, there's a company
called Land Detector
called Land Detector
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我发现一个叫 Land Detector 的公司
在中国和南非开展工作，
05:14
that's actually working in China
and also soon in South Africa,
and also soon in South Africa,
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他们搜集工业废气——
05:17
that's able to take that waste gas --
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05:20
about 700,000 tons per smelter --
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一个冶炼厂可以搜集70万吨废气——
05:24
and then turn it into
about 400,000 tons of ethanol,
about 400,000 tons of ethanol,
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这些废气能转换成40万吨乙醇，
05:27
which is equivalent to basically powering
250,000, or quarter of a million, cars
250,000, or quarter of a million, cars
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这相当于给25万量汽车提供了
05:31
for a year.
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一年的燃料。
这是有效利用生产废料的方法。
05:32
That's a very effective use of waste.
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05:36
How about products more close to home?
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那我们身边的产品呢？
这里有一个简单的办法，
05:38
This is a simple solution.
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05:40
And it, again, takes the idea
of reducing, reusing,
of reducing, reusing,
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还是基于减少使用，重复利用的概念，
但同时能给经济带来好处。
05:43
but then also with economic advantage.
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这是一个简单的流程，
不再采用需要将
不再采用需要将
05:45
So it's a simple process
of changing from a cut and sew,
of changing from a cut and sew,
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05:48
where typically between
20 and 30 materials are used
20 and 30 materials are used
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20到30种材料的裁剪和缝制——
05:51
which are cut from a large cloth and then
sewn together or even sometimes glued,
sewn together or even sometimes glued,
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即从大块布料中剪下
再缝制或粘在一起的做法，
再缝制或粘在一起的做法，
而是改用编织的方式。
05:55
they changed it and said
that they just knitted the shoe.
that they just knitted the shoe.
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05:58
The advantage with this is not just
a simplification of the process,
a simplification of the process,
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优点不仅仅是简化了流程，
而且我只需要一样材料，
没有浪费任何东西，
没有浪费任何东西，
06:01
it's also, "I've got one material.
I have zero waste,"
I have zero waste,"
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以及在它寿终正寝时，
我还可以对它回收利用。
我还可以对它回收利用。
06:04
and then also, "I'm able to potentially
recycle that at the end of its life."
recycle that at the end of its life."
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06:10
Digital manufacturing is also allowing us
to do this more effectively.
to do this more effectively.
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数字化制造也可以帮助我们
进行更有效的回收再利用。
进行更有效的回收再利用。
这个例子说明了一种材料的
06:13
In this case, it's actually creating
the theoretical limit of strength
the theoretical limit of strength
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理论极限强度：
06:16
for a material:
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你不可能找到比这强度
06:18
you cannot get any stronger
for the amount of material
for the amount of material
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更强的模型。
06:20
than this shape.
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这是一个基本的、简单的方块，
06:22
So it's a basic simple block,
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但我可以在此基础上进行延伸，
并制作一些大型的东西，
并制作一些大型的东西，
06:24
but the idea is, I can extrapolate this,
I can make it into large formats,
I can make it into large formats,
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比如用来建楼、造桥，
06:27
I can make it into buildings, bridges,
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还可以用来制作
飞机机翼和普通的鞋子。
飞机机翼和普通的鞋子。
06:29
but also airplane wings and shoes.
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这背后的逻辑就是
将使用的材料降到最少。
将使用的材料降到最少。
06:32
The idea here is, I'm minimizing
the amount of material.
the amount of material.
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06:36
Here's a good example from architecture.
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这是一个来自建筑业的很好的例子。
06:38
Typically, these sorts of metal nodes
are used to hold up large tent structures.
are used to hold up large tent structures.
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这个金属连接节点通常被用于
固定大的帐篷结构。
固定大的帐篷结构。
这是关于荷兰海牙的
一个大型购物中心，
一个大型购物中心，
06:43
In this case, it in was in the Hague,
along a shopping center.
along a shopping center.
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他们用了1600个左边的节点，
06:46
They used 1600
of the materials on the left.
of the materials on the left.
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06:48
The difference is, by using
the solution on the right,
the solution on the right,
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而用右边这个节点的不同之处在于，
他们将安装步骤从7步减到了1步，
06:51
they cut down the number of steps
from seven to one,
from seven to one,
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因为左边的这个是焊接而成的，
06:54
because the one on the left
is currently welded,
is currently welded,
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而右边这个是直接打印出来的。
06:56
the one on the right
is simply just printed.
is simply just printed.
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这么做，可以实现零浪费，
06:58
And it was able to reduce waste to zero,
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07:00
cost less money
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还能降低成本，
同时，因为它是钢制品，
07:02
and also, because it's made out of steel,
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以后可以重新回收再利用。
07:04
can be eventually recycled
at the end of its life.
at the end of its life.
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07:09
Nature also is very effective at thrift.
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大自然在节约方面
也是极其高效的，
也是极其高效的，
想一想：大自然不会生产任何垃圾，
07:12
Think about it: nature has zero waste.
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每一样东西都能物尽其用。
07:14
Everything is useful for another process.
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07:17
So, in this case, nanocellulose,
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例如，纳米纤维，
它是纤维素极细微的组成部分，
07:19
which is basically one of the very fine
building blocks of cellulose,
building blocks of cellulose,
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纤维素是能让树木如此
坚固的物质之一，
坚固的物质之一，
07:22
which is one of the materials
that makes trees strong,
that makes trees strong,
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07:27
you can isolate it, and it works
very much like carbon fiber.
very much like carbon fiber.
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你可以对它进行分离，
它的性质跟碳纤维非常相似。
它的性质跟碳纤维非常相似。
07:30
So, take that from a tree,
form it into fibers,
form it into fibers,
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从树木中提取纤维素，
接着再制成纤维，
接着再制成纤维，
07:33
and then those fibers
can strengthen things,
can strengthen things,
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然后这些纤维能用来加固东西，
例如飞机、建筑物、汽车。
07:35
such as airplanes, buildings, cars.
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这一做法的优点是，
纳米纤维不仅仅来自于
纳米纤维不仅仅来自于
07:38
The advantage of this, though,
is it's not just bioderived,
is it's not just bioderived,
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可再生的生物资源，
07:41
comes from a renewable resource,
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同时它还是透明的，
07:42
but also that it is transparent,
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因此可以应用在
消费电子产品和食品包装上。
消费电子产品和食品包装上。
07:44
so it can be used in consumer electronics,
as well as food packaging.
as well as food packaging.
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07:48
Not bad for something that basically
comes from the backyard.
comes from the backyard.
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这种再利用还不错吧！
另一种来自生物界的材料
是合成蜘蛛丝。
是合成蜘蛛丝。
07:51
Another one from the biosource
is synthetic spider silk.
is synthetic spider silk.
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07:54
Now, it's very hard to actually
create spider silk naturally.
create spider silk naturally.
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用天然的方法
制造蜘蛛丝是很难的，
制造蜘蛛丝是很难的，
你只能从蜘蛛获得蜘蛛丝，
07:58
You can basically get it from spiders,
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但蜘蛛数量多了，
它们会自相残杀、互相蚕食，
它们会自相残杀、互相蚕食，
08:00
but in large numbers, they tend
to kill each other, eat each other,
to kill each other, eat each other,
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所以如果你像收集蚕丝那样
08:03
so you've got a problem with creating it,
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去收集蜘蛛丝的话，就会遇到问题。
08:05
in the same way you do with regular silk.
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那么，你可以做的
就是从蜘蛛中提取 DNA，
就是从蜘蛛中提取 DNA，
08:07
So what you can do is instead
take the DNA from the spider,
take the DNA from the spider,
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并将它放到不同的地方培养。
08:10
and put it into various different things.
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你可以把它放到细菌里，
放到酵母里，
放到酵母里，
08:12
You can put it into bacteria,
you can put it into yeast,
you can put it into yeast,
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放到牛奶里。
08:15
you can put it into milk.
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之后，你能做的是，
08:16
And what you can do then is,
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当牛奶或细菌产生
大量的丝状物后，
大量的丝状物后，
08:18
the milk or the bacteria produce
in much larger volumes
in much larger volumes
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08:21
and then from that, spin a yarn
and then create a fabric or a rope.
and then create a fabric or a rope.
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提取出来纺纱，
接着制作织物或绳子。
接着制作织物或绳子。
08:25
Again, bioderived, has incredible
strength -- about the same as Kevlar --
strength -- about the same as Kevlar --
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它来源于生物，有着惊人的强度——
大约和芳纶纤维一样强，
大约和芳纶纤维一样强，
08:29
so they're using it in things like
bulletproof vests and helmets
bulletproof vests and helmets
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因此可以用来制作防弹背心和头盔，
以及户外夹克，
08:32
and outdoor jackets.
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性能十分出众。
08:33
It has a great performance.
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但别忘了，这是生物衍生物，
08:34
But again, it's bioderived,
and at the end of its life,
and at the end of its life,
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当它不再有使用价值时，
就可以变成土地里的肥料，
就可以变成土地里的肥料，
08:37
it potentially can go back
into the soil and get composted
into the soil and get composted
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作为一种新的东西重新被利用。
08:40
to again be potentially used
as a new material.
as a new material.
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08:44
I'd like to leave you with one
last form which is biobased,
last form which is biobased,
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最后，我还想给你们介绍
一种基于生物的产品，
一种基于生物的产品，
而我觉得，这才是终极的节俭。
08:47
but this, I think,
is like the ultimate thrift.
is like the ultimate thrift.
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想想挥霍式消费的典型代表，
08:49
Think about the poster child
for conspicuous consumption.
for conspicuous consumption.
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那就是矿泉水瓶。
08:51
It's the water bottle.
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08:53
We have too many of them,
they're basically going everywhere,
they're basically going everywhere,
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我们有非常多的这样的水瓶，
它们无处不在，
它们无处不在，
是海洋污染重要来源之一。
08:56
they're a problem in the ocean.
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那我们能做些什么呢？
08:58
What do we do with them?
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我们不仅应该让
水瓶可以回收再利用，
水瓶可以回收再利用，
09:00
This process is able
not just to recycle them,
not just to recycle them,
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09:02
but to recycle them infinitely.
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而且应该让这个过程无限进行下去。
为什么这点很有意思呢？
09:04
Why is that interesting?
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因为像那些能重复利用
和回收再利用的东西，
和回收再利用的东西，
09:05
Because when we think
about reusing and recycling,
about reusing and recycling,
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09:08
metals, glass, things like that,
can be recycled as many times as you like.
can be recycled as many times as you like.
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比如金属、玻璃等等，
都能被回收再利用很多次。
都能被回收再利用很多次。
比如你的汽车的金属配件，
09:13
There's metal in your car
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09:15
that may well have come
from a 1950s Oldsmobile,
from a 1950s Oldsmobile,
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可能来自19世纪50年代的
奥尔兹莫比尔汽车。
奥尔兹莫比尔汽车。
09:18
because you can recycle it infinitely
with no loss of performance.
with no loss of performance.
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因为你可以无限地
回收这些金属，没有一点损耗。
回收这些金属，没有一点损耗。
而塑料只能被回收再利用一到两次，
09:21
Plastics offer about
once or twice of recycling,
once or twice of recycling,
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不管是塑料水瓶，
还是塑料椅子——
还是塑料椅子——
09:24
whether it's a bottle,
whether it's a chair --
whether it's a chair --
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不论是什么，还比如地毯——
09:26
whatever it is, if it's carpet --
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如果它被回收过两次后，
不论被用来制作椅子还是其他东西，
不论被用来制作椅子还是其他东西，
09:27
after two times of recycling, whether
it goes back into another chair, etc,
it goes back into another chair, etc,
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它的强度都会降低，
不能再被用来制作任何东西了。
不能再被用来制作任何东西了。
09:31
it tends to lose strength,
it's no longer of any use.
it's no longer of any use.
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然而我们可以利用酶，
让塑料可以无限回收再利用。
让塑料可以无限回收再利用。
09:33
This, though, just using a few enzymes,
is able to recycle it infinitely.
is able to recycle it infinitely.
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比如，我可以拿塑料瓶、
塑料椅或其他塑料制品，
塑料椅或其他塑料制品，
09:37
I take a bottle or a chair
or some other plastic product,
or some other plastic product,
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在里面加入一些酶，
酶会将它们分解成
酶会将它们分解成
09:40
I basically put it in with a few enzymes,
they break it apart,
they break it apart,
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09:44
they basically put it back
into its original molecules.
into its original molecules.
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最原始的分子形态。
之后，用这些分子，
09:46
And then from those molecules,
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重新制作塑料椅、地毯和塑料水瓶。
09:48
you can build another chair
or carpet or bottle.
or carpet or bottle.
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09:51
So, the cycle is infinite.
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所以，这可以是个无限循环。
09:53
The advantage with that, of course,
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当然，这样做的优点是，
09:55
is that you have potentially
zero loss of material resources.
zero loss of material resources.
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你不会浪费任何物质资源。
再强调一次，
这是一个节俭的好方法。
这是一个节俭的好方法。
09:58
Again, the perfect idea of thrift.
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10:02
So in conclusion, I just want to have
you think about -- if you make anything,
you think about -- if you make anything,
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总结一下，我想让大家思考——
如果你需要制作什么东西，
如果你需要制作什么东西，
如果你是设计公司的一员，
10:06
if you're any part of a design firm,
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如果你需要翻修你的房子——
10:08
if you basically
are refurbishing your house --
are refurbishing your house --
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10:11
any aspect where you make something,
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不论你想做什么东西，
10:13
think about how that product
could potentially be used
could potentially be used
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都请想一想，这个产品二次利用，
三次利用，四次利用后
都能拿来做什么。
都能拿来做什么。
10:16
as a second life, or third life
or fourth life.
or fourth life.
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10:19
Design in the ability for it
to be taken apart.
to be taken apart.
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产品应该被设计成易被分解的。
10:23
That, to me, is the ultimate thrift,
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我认为这就是终极的节俭，
我想这会是我祖母希望看到的。
10:25
and I think that's basically
what my grandmother would love.
what my grandmother would love.
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（掌声）
10:28
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Andrew Dent - Material innovatorA leading expert on sustainable materials, Andrew Dent has played an important part in creating a new generation of more sustainable products.
Why you should listen
Dr. Andrew Dent plays a key role in the expansion of Material ConneXion’s technical knowledge base. His research directs the implementation of consulting projects and the selection of innovative, sustainable and advanced materials to Material ConneXion’s library. As the Executive Vice President of Research at Material ConneXion and Chief Material Scientist at SANDOW, Dent has helped hundreds of clients -- from Whirlpool and Adidas to BMW and Procter & Gamble -- develop or improve their products through the use of innovative materials.
Prior to joining Material ConneXion, Dent held a number of research positions both in industry and academia. At Rolls Royce PLC, he specialized in turbine blades for the present generation of jet engines. He has completed postdoctoral research at Cambridge University and at the Center for Thermal Spray Research, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY. Other research projects during this period, included work for the US Navy, DARPA, NASA and the British Ministry of Defense. He received his PhD in materials science from the University of Cambridge.
Dent is a frequent speaker on sustainable and innovative material strategies, having given talks at TEDxGrandRapids and TEDNYC, and he is the co-author of the Material Innovation book series, which includes Packaging Design, Product Design and Architecture. Dent has also contributed to numerous publications on the subject of material science including Fast Company, The Economist and the Financial Times.
Andrew Dent | Speaker | TED.com