ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Christopher Soghoian - Privacy researcher and activist
Christopher Soghoian researches and exposes the high-tech surveillance tools that governments use to spy on their own citizens, and he is a champion of digital privacy rights.

Why you should listen

TED Fellow Christopher Soghoian is a champion of digital privacy rights, with a focus on the role that third-party service providers play in enabling governments to monitor citizens. As the principal technologist at the American Civil Liberties Union, he explores the intersection of federal surveillance and citizen's rights.

Before joining the ACLU, he was the first-ever technologist for the Federal Trade Commision's Division of Privacy and Identity Protection, where he worked on investigations of Facebook, Twitter, MySpace and Netflix. Soghoian is also the creator of Do Not Track, an anti-tracking device that all major web browsers now use, and his work has been cited in court.

More profile about the speaker
Christopher Soghoian | Speaker | TED.com
TED Fellows Retreat 2013

Christopher Soghoian: Government surveillance — this is just the beginning

政府监视-这只是个开始

Filmed:
893,397 views

隐私研究员柯里斯.索侯恩看到政府的监视已转到我们的脚底,已发展成一个产业来支持监听计划。他说,政府通过私营公司,可购买技术以入侵电脑、盗取文件、和监视目标的活动-而且在不知不觉中进行。这位 TED Fellow 给我们展示令人不安的监视看看接下来会怎么样。
- Privacy researcher and activist
Christopher Soghoian researches and exposes the high-tech surveillance tools that governments use to spy on their own citizens, and he is a champion of digital privacy rights. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
The 2011 Arab阿拉伯 Spring弹簧
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2011年的阿拉伯之春
00:14
captured捕获 the attention注意 of the world世界.
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引起全世界的关注,
00:16
It also captured捕获 the attention注意
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也受到其他国家
00:18
of authoritarian独裁的 governments政府 in other countries国家,
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独裁政府的关注,
00:20
who were worried担心 that revolution革命 would spread传播.
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那些担心革命蔓延的政府。
00:23
To respond响应, they ramped斜坡 up surveillance监控
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为此,他们加强
00:25
of activists活动家, journalists记者 and dissidents持不同政见者
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对激进分子、记者
和异己分子的监控,
00:28
who they feared害怕 would inspire启发 revolution革命
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害怕他们受到启发
00:30
in their own拥有 countries国家.
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在自己国家发动革命。
00:32
One prominent突出 Bahraini巴林 activist活动家,
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一个著名的巴林激进分子
00:34
who was arrested被捕 and tortured折磨 by his government政府,
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被政府抓捕并受到拷问,
00:36
has said that the interrogators审讯 showed显示 him
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他说讯问人给他看
00:38
transcripts成绩单 of his telephone电话 calls电话
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他的电话记录
00:40
and text文本 messages消息.
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和短信誊本,
00:42
Of course课程, it's no secret秘密
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当然,政府可以监听电话和监视短信,
00:43
that governments政府 are able能够 to intercept截距
telephone电话 calls电话 and text文本 messages消息.
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这并不是秘密,
00:46
It's for that reason原因 that many许多 activists活动家
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正因如此,很多激进分子
00:49
specifically特别 avoid避免 using运用 the telephone电话.
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也特别避免使用电话,
00:51
Instead代替, they use tools工具 like SkypeSkype的,
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而使用其他工具比如
SKYPE(网络电话),
00:53
which哪一个 they think are immune免疫的 to interception截击.
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他们认为这样就可以避免受到监视,
00:56
They're wrong错误.
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他们错了。
00:57
There have now been over the last few少数 years年份
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在过去几年,
01:00
an industry行业 of companies公司
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一个专门提供
01:02
who provide提供 surveillance监控 technology技术 to governments政府,
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监听技术给政府的公司,
01:05
specifically特别 technology技术 that
allows允许 those governments政府
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特别是让政府
01:07
to hack into the computers电脑
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入侵监视目标的电脑,
01:09
of surveillance监控 targets目标.
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入侵监视目标的电脑,
01:11
Rather than intercepting拦截 the communications通讯
as they go over the wire线,
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他们除了通过窃听截听信息外,
01:13
instead代替 they now hack into your computer电脑,
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现在他们也会入侵你的电脑,
01:16
enable启用 your webcam摄像头, enable启用 your microphone麦克风,
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通过你的网络摄像机,或者麦克风
01:18
and steal documents文件 from your computer电脑.
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盗取电脑上的文件。
01:20
When the government政府 of Egypt埃及 fell下跌 in 2011,
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2011年,当埃及政府倒台,
01:23
activists活动家 raided搜查 the office办公室 of the secret秘密 police警察,
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激进分子突袭秘密警局的办公室,
01:26
and among其中 the many许多 documents文件 they found发现
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在他们发现的很多文件中,
01:28
was this document文件 by the Gamma伽玛 Corporation公司,
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有一份来自伽玛公司,
01:31
by Gamma伽玛 International国际.
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属于伽玛国际。
01:33
Gamma伽玛 is a German德语 company公司
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伽玛是一间德国公司,
01:34
that manufactures制成品 surveillance监控 software软件
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生产监控软件,
01:36
and sells塞尔斯 it only to governments政府.
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产品只卖给政府,
01:38
It's important重要 to note注意 that most governments政府
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需要注意的是很多政府
01:40
don't really have the in-house在内部 capabilities功能
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自身并没有实力
01:42
to develop发展 this software软件.
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来开发软件,
01:43
Smaller较小 ones那些 don't have the resources资源
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较小的政府甚至没有资源
01:45
or the expertise专门知识,
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或者经验去开发,
01:47
and so there's this market市场 of Western西 companies公司
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所以西方的公司就有了这样的市场,
01:50
who are happy快乐 to supply供应 them with the tools工具
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他们很愿意提供各样的工具
01:52
and techniques技术 for a price价钱.
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和技术,
01:54
Gamma伽玛 is just one of these companies公司.
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伽玛就是这样的一间公司,
01:56
I should note注意 also that Gamma伽玛 never actually其实 sold出售
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我还注意到实际上伽玛
01:59
their software软件 to the Egyptian埃及人 government政府.
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并没有把软件卖给埃及政府,
02:01
They'd他们会 sent发送 them an invoice发票 for a sale拍卖,
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他们只是给埃及政府报价,
02:04
but the Egyptians埃及人 never bought it.
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但是埃及人并没有买,
02:05
Instead代替, apparently显然地, the Egyptian埃及人 government政府
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而很明显埃及政府
02:07
used a free自由 demo演示 version of Gamma's伽玛的 software软件.
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使用的是免费版本,
02:10
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
02:13
So this screenshot截图 is from a sales销售 video视频
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所以这个截图是来自
02:16
that Gamma伽玛 produced生成.
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一个伽玛生产的销售视频,
02:18
Really, they're just emphasizing强调
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事实上,他们只是强调,
02:20
in a relatively相对 slick华而不实的 presentation介绍
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通过一个简单的演讲,
02:21
the fact事实 that the police警察 can sort分类 of sit
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警察可以坐在空调办公室里,
02:23
in an air-conditioned空调制冷 office办公室
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警察可以坐在空调办公室里,
02:25
and remotely远程 monitor监控 someone有人
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远程监控某些人,
02:26
without them having any idea理念 that it's going on.
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而被监视的人却无从所知。
02:28
You know, your webcam摄像头 light won't惯于 turn on.
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你知道,网络摄像机的灯不会亮起,
02:30
There's nothing to indicate表明 that
the microphone麦克风 is enabled启用.
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没有任何显示麦克风是开着的。
02:34
This is the managing管理的 director导向器
of Gamma伽玛 International国际.
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这是伽玛国际的管理总裁
02:37
His name名称 is Martin马丁 MuenchMUENCH.
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他的名字是 Martin Muench
02:39
There are many许多 photos相片 of Mr先生. MuenchMUENCH that exist存在.
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现有很多 Muench 先生的照片,
02:42
This is perhaps也许 my favorite喜爱.
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这是我最喜欢的一张,
02:44
I'm just going to zoom放大 in a little bit onto his webcam摄像头.
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我只是放大一点点他的网络摄像机,
02:46
You can see there's a little sticker贴纸
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你可以看到有一张小纸条,
02:48
that's placed放置 over his camera相机.
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那个是他的网络摄像机,
02:50
He knows知道 what kind of surveillance监控 is possible可能,
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他知道会发生什么样的监控,
02:52
and so clearly明确地 he doesn't want it to be used
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并且很明显他也不想被利用
02:54
against反对 him.
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来对抗他。
02:55
MuenchMUENCH has said that he intends打算
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Muench 说过他希望
02:57
for his software软件 to be used
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他的软件被使用
02:59
to capture捕获 terrorists恐怖分子 and locate定位 pedophiles恋童癖者.
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来捕捉恐怖分子和定位恋童癖的人
03:02
Of course课程, he's also acknowledged承认 that once一旦
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当然,他也承认一旦
03:04
the software软件 has been sold出售 to governments政府,
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软件卖给政府,
03:06
he has no way of knowing会心 how it can be used.
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他也不知道将被如何使用,
03:10
Gamma's伽玛的 software软件 has been located位于 on servers服务器
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伽玛软件已经服务于
03:12
in countries国家 around the world世界,
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世界各地的国家,
03:13
many许多 with really atrocious穷凶极恶 track跟踪 records记录
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很多是骇人听闻的跟踪记录
03:16
and human人的 rights权利 violations违规.
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和侵犯人权的事件,
03:17
They really are selling销售 their
software软件 around the world世界.
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他们会卖软件给世界各地,
03:21
Gamma伽玛 is not the only company公司 in the business商业.
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伽玛不是这个产业里唯一的公司,
03:23
As I said, it's a $5 billion十亿 industry行业.
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正如我说,这是一个50亿美金的行业,
03:26
One of the other big guys in the industry行业
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另外一个巨头是
03:29
is an Italian意大利 company公司 called Hacking黑客 Team球队.
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一间意大利公司名为骇客团队 
(Hacking Team),
03:31
Now, Hacking黑客 Team球队 has what is probably大概
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骇客团队可能做出了
03:33
the slickest灵巧 presentation介绍.
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最花言巧语的广告,
03:35
The video视频 they've他们已经 produced生成 is very sexy性感的,
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他们做的视频很性感,
03:38
and so I'm going to play you a clip
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我现在就给你们展示一个短片,
03:39
just so you can get a feel
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就是让你们感受下
03:41
both for the capabilities功能 of the software软件
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软件究竟能做什么,
03:42
but also how it's marketed销售
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同样也看看他们是怎么推销产品
03:44
to their government政府 clients客户.
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给政府顾客的
03:46
(Video视频) Narrator旁白: You want to look
through通过 your target's目标的 eyes眼睛.
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(视频)叙述:你想看穿目标的眼睛
03:50
(Music音乐)
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(音乐)
03:52
You have to hack your target目标.
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你必须骇客你的目标,
03:55
["While your target目标 is browsing浏览 the web卷筒纸, exchanging交换 documents文件, receiving接收 SMS短信, crossing路口 the borders国界"]
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[“当你的目标浏览网页、
收发文件、接收信息、跨越边境”]
04:01
You have to hit击中 many许多 different不同 platforms平台.
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你必须击中不同的平台
04:04
["Windows视窗, OSOS X, iOSiOS版, AndroidAndroid的,
Blackberry黑莓, Symbian塞班, LinuxLinux的"]
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[“视窗、OS X、iOS、安卓、
黑莓、Symbian,Linux”]
04:08
You have to overcome克服 encryption加密
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你必须通过加密软件
04:10
and capture捕获 relevant相应 data数据.
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来获得相关数据
04:13
[SkypeSkype的 & encrypted加密 calls电话, target目标 location位置,
messaging消息, relationships关系,
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[Skype 和加密电话、
目标地、短信、关系、
04:18
web卷筒纸 browsing浏览, audio音频 & video视频"]
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网页、音频和视频“]
04:21
Being存在 stealth隐形 and untraceable下落不明.
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变得隐秘和无法追踪
04:25
["Immune免疫的 to any protection保护 system系统
Hidden collection采集 infrastructure基础设施"]
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[不受任何保护系统影响
隐藏在基础设施中]
04:28
Deployed部署 all over your country国家.
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部署在你们国家的各个角落
04:32
["Up to hundreds数以百计 of thousands数千 of targets目标
Managed管理 from a single spot"]
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[”由一个单一的地方
来控制超过成百上千的目标]
04:37
Exactly究竟 what we do.
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正是我们所做的。
04:40
Christopher克里斯托弗 SoghoianSoghoian: So, it
would be funny滑稽 if it wasn't true真正,
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柯里斯.索侯恩:所以,
如果那不是真的就很有趣,
04:42
but, in fact事实, Hacking黑客 Team's团队的 software软件
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但事实上,骇客团队的软件
04:44
is being存在 sold出售 to governments政府 around the world世界.
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已经卖给世界各地的政府。
04:47
Last year we learned学到了, for example,
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例如,去年我们知道,
04:49
that it's been used to target目标 Moroccan摩洛哥
journalists记者 by the Moroccan摩洛哥 government政府.
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摩洛哥政府已经用它
来监控摩洛哥的记者。
04:53
Many许多, many许多 countries国家 it's been found发现 in.
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很多很多国家已经被发现使用。
04:56
So, Hacking黑客 Team球队 has also been actively积极地 courting求爱
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所以,骇客团队也主动地推销给
04:59
the U.S. law enforcement强制 market市场.
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美国执法部门市场。
05:01
In the last year or so, the company公司
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去年左右,
05:03
has opened打开 a sales销售 office办公室 in Maryland马里兰.
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公司在马里兰开了销售部门,
05:08
The company公司 has also hired雇用 a spokesperson发言人.
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并雇佣了一个发言人。
05:10
They've他们已经 been attending出席
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他们参加了
05:12
surveillance监控 industry行业 conferences会议
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各式各樣的监控行业业內会议,
05:13
where law enforcement强制 officials官员 show显示 up.
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执法官员都有参加。
05:15
They've他们已经 spoken at the conferences会议.
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他们在会议上发言。
05:17
What I thought was most fascinating迷人 was
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我认为最有意思的是
05:19
they've他们已经 actually其实 paid支付 for the coffee咖啡 break打破
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今年较早前
05:21
at one of the law enforcement强制 conferences会议
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的其中一个执法会议,
05:23
earlier this year.
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在中场休息时,他们請客喝咖啡。
05:24
I can't tell you for sure that Hacking黑客 Team球队
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我不能确切地告诉你骇客团队
05:26
has sold出售 their technology技术 in the United联合的 States状态,
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是否在美国卖过他们的技术,
05:29
but what I can tell you that if they haven't没有 sold出售 it,
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但是我可以告诉你们,
如果他们没卖出去,
05:31
it isn't because they haven't没有 been trying hard.
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并不是因为他们没有尽力。
05:34
So as I said before,
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所以正如我所说的,
05:36
governments政府 that don't really have the resources资源
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那些政府真的没有资源
05:38
to build建立 their own拥有 tools工具 will buy购买
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生产自家工具,
05:40
off-the-shelf现成的 surveillance监控 software软件,
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就会购买现成的监视软件,
05:41
and so for that reason原因,
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也正因为如此,
05:43
you see that the government政府 of, say, Tunisia突尼斯,
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你会看到例如突尼斯政府,
05:45
might威力 use the same相同 software软件
as the government政府 of Germany德国.
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可能使用跟德国政府相同的软件,
05:47
They're all buying购买 off-the-shelf现成的 stuff东东.
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他们都在购买现成的东西。
05:50
The Federal联邦 Bureau of
Investigation调查 in the United联合的 States状态
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美国联邦调查局的预算
05:52
does have the budget预算 to build建立
their own拥有 surveillance监控 technology技术,
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包括建立自己监听技术
05:55
and so for several一些 years年份, I've been trying
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并且已有数年,
05:57
to figure数字 out if and how the FBI联邦调查局
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我正在尝试弄明白
05:59
is hacking黑客 into the computers电脑 of surveillance监控 targets目标.
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FBI 有没有和怎样
入侵监视目标的电脑。
06:02
My friends朋友 at an organization组织 called
the Electronic电子 Frontier边境 Foundation基础 --
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我一个在电子前哨基金会工作的朋友,
06:05
they're a civil国内 society社会 group
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这是一个民间社会组织,
06:07
obtained获得 hundreds数以百计 of documents文件 from the FBI联邦调查局
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得到 FBI 数百份文件,
06:10
detailing详细 their next下一个 generation
of surveillance监控 technologies技术.
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详细描述他们下一代的监视技术,
06:13
Most of these documents文件 were heavily严重 redacted节录,
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很多文件都被批量遮挡,
06:15
but what you can see from the slides幻灯片,
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但是字里行间,
06:18
if I zoom放大 in, is this term术语:
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如果我放大,就是这些:
06:20
Remote远程 Operations操作 Unit单元.
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远程控制单元。
06:22
Now, when I first looked看着 into this,
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现在,当我第一次看到这些,
06:24
I'd never heard听说 of this unit单元 before.
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我从来没听过这个单元。
06:26
I've been studying研究 surveillance监控
for more than six years年份.
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我研究监视技术已经有六年多了,
06:28
I'd never heard听说 of it.
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却从来没有听过。
06:30
And so I went online线上 and I did some research研究,
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所以我上网做了些调查,
06:32
and ultimately最终 I hit击中 the mother母亲 lode矿脉
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最终找到了出处。
06:34
when I went to LinkedInLinkedIn,
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当我进入linkedin,
06:35
the social社会 networking联网 site现场 for job工作 seekers求职者.
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找工作的社交网站。
06:38
There were lots of former前任的
U.S. government政府 contractors承包商
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有很多前美国政府的承包商
06:41
who had at one point worked工作
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在远程控制单元
06:42
for the Remote远程 Operating操作 Unit单元,
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那块领域工作,
06:44
and were describing说明 in surprising奇怪 detail详情 on their CVs个人简历
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在简历中详述很多细节,
06:47
what they had doneDONE in their former前任的 job工作.
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有关他们所做的事情,
06:49
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
06:51
So I took this information信息
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1987
所以我做了这个信息,
06:53
and I gave it to a journalist记者 that I know
and trust相信 at the Wall Street Journal日志,
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并且交给一个我认识信任的
华尔街日报记者,
06:57
and she was able能够 to contact联系 several一些 other
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他能够联系上
06:59
former前任的 law enforcement强制 officials官员
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其他的前执法官员,
07:01
who spoke on background背景 and confirmed确认
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那些证实
07:02
that yes, in fact事实, the FBI联邦调查局 has a dedicated专用 team球队
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事实上,FBI确实存在一个团队,
07:06
that does nothing but hack into the computers电脑
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专门骇客
07:08
of surveillance监控 targets目标.
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所监视的电脑。
07:09
Like Gamma伽玛 and Hacking黑客 Team球队,
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像伽玛和骇客团队,
07:11
the FBI联邦调查局 also has the capability能力
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FBI 也有能力
07:13
to remotely远程 activate启用 webcams摄像头, microphones麦克风,
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通过远程监控摄像头,麦克风,
07:17
steal documents文件, get web卷筒纸 browsing浏览 information信息,
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来盗取资料,获得网页信息,
07:19
the works作品.
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文件。
07:21
There's sort分类 of a big problem问题
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这是一个大问题,
07:23
with governments政府 going into hacking黑客,
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就是政府监听问题,
07:24
and that's that terrorists恐怖分子, pedophiles恋童癖者,
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和那些恐怖分子,恋童癖者,
07:27
drug药物 dealers经销商, journalists记者 and human人的 rights权利 activists活动家
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毒品交易者,记者们,和人权活动家
07:30
all use the same相同 kinds of computers电脑.
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所有使用同类电脑的人,
07:32
There's no drug药物 dealer零售商 phone电话
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没有毒品交易者的电话
07:34
and there's no journalist记者 laptop笔记本电脑.
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1966
也没有记者的笔记本。
07:36
We all use the same相同 technology技术,
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我们都使用相同的技术,
07:38
and what that means手段 then is that for governments政府
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1894
并且那意味着对政府而言,
07:40
to have the capability能力 to hack into the computers电脑
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有能力通过电脑监视
07:42
of the real真实 bad guys,
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真正的坏人,
07:44
they also have to have the capability能力
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1976
他们还有能力
07:46
to hack into our devices设备 too.
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也监听我们的设备。
07:48
So governments政府 around the world世界
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所以全世界的政府
07:50
have been embracing拥抱 this technology技术.
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已拥有这项技术。
07:51
They've他们已经 been embracing拥抱 hacking黑客
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他们利用骇客
07:53
as a law enforcement强制 technique技术,
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作为一个执法技术,
07:55
but without any real真实 debate辩论.
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但是没有真正意义的舆论。
07:57
In the United联合的 States状态, where I live生活,
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在美国,我生活的地方,
07:58
there have been no congressional国会 hearings听证会.
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没有国会听证会。
08:00
There's no law that's been passed通过
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1961
没有法律通过
08:02
specifically特别 authorizing授权 this technique技术,
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特别授权这项技术,
08:04
and because of its power功率 and potential潜在 for abuse滥用,
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并且因为它的权力和潜在的滥用,
08:07
it's vital重要 that we have an informed通知 public上市 debate辩论.
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我们很有必要让公众知晓这些事实,并且就此展开辩论。
08:10
Thank you very much.
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谢谢大家。
08:12
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
Translated by Heather Elliott
Reviewed by William Choi

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Christopher Soghoian - Privacy researcher and activist
Christopher Soghoian researches and exposes the high-tech surveillance tools that governments use to spy on their own citizens, and he is a champion of digital privacy rights.

Why you should listen

TED Fellow Christopher Soghoian is a champion of digital privacy rights, with a focus on the role that third-party service providers play in enabling governments to monitor citizens. As the principal technologist at the American Civil Liberties Union, he explores the intersection of federal surveillance and citizen's rights.

Before joining the ACLU, he was the first-ever technologist for the Federal Trade Commision's Division of Privacy and Identity Protection, where he worked on investigations of Facebook, Twitter, MySpace and Netflix. Soghoian is also the creator of Do Not Track, an anti-tracking device that all major web browsers now use, and his work has been cited in court.

More profile about the speaker
Christopher Soghoian | Speaker | TED.com