TED2018
Kashmir Hill and Surya Mattu: What your smart devices know (and share) about you
Kashmir Hill 和 Surya Mattu: 你的智能设备知道（和分享）关于你的什么
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当你的智能设备和你交流的时候，他还会和谁交流呢？Kashmir Hill 和Surya Mattu想要探寻答案——所以他们为Hill的公寓装备了18种不同的联网设备，并且建造了一个特殊的路由器去追踪它们和服务器交流的频率，并看它们传回了什么信息。结果是让人惊讶的——也有点毛骨悚然。了解你的智能设备会揭露你的睡眠时间，喜欢的电视剧，甚至是你的刷牙习惯。看看技术公司如何使用这些研究成果去定位和分析你。（这个演讲包含成人用语）
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Kashmir Hill: So for my
birthday last year,
birthday last year,
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去年我过生日
00:15
my husband got me an Amazon Echo.
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我的丈夫送给我一个
Amazon Echo。
Amazon Echo。
00:17
I was kind of shocked, actually,
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实际上我还有点惊讶
00:19
because we both work
in privacy and security.
in privacy and security.
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因为我俩都从事
隐私与安全方面的工作。
隐私与安全方面的工作。
00:22
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
00:24
And this was a device that would sit
in the middle of our home
in the middle of our home
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而这是一个安在
我家中的一个设备
我家中的一个设备
00:28
with a microphone on,
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开着麦克风
00:29
constantly listening.
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一直在倾听。
00:31
We're not alone, though.
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并非只有我们这样。
00:32
According to a survey by NPR
and Edison Research,
and Edison Research,
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根据NPR和Edison Research的调查
00:35
one in six American adults
now has a smart speaker,
now has a smart speaker,
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六分之一的成年美国人
都有一个智能音箱，
都有一个智能音箱，
00:39
which means that they have
a virtual assistant at home.
a virtual assistant at home.
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这意味着他们
在家里有一个虚拟助手。
在家里有一个虚拟助手。
00:42
Like, that's wild.
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这真是无法无天啊!
00:44
The future, or the future dystopia,
is getting here fast.
is getting here fast.
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未来，或 者说是反乌托邦式的未来，
快来了。
快来了。
00:48
Beyond that, companies are offering us
all kinds of internet-connected devices.
all kinds of internet-connected devices.
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除了这个，许多公司给人们
提供了各种能够联网的设备
提供了各种能够联网的设备
00:53
There are smart lights, smart locks,
smart toilets, smart toys,
smart toilets, smart toys,
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智能灯，智能锁，
智能马桶，智能玩具
智能马桶，智能玩具
00:58
smart sex toys.
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智能的性玩具。
01:00
Being smart means the device
can connect to the internet,
can connect to the internet,
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智能意味着设备
可以连接到互联网，
可以连接到互联网，
01:03
it can gather data,
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能收集数据，
01:04
and it can talk to its owner.
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能与主人交流。
01:06
But once your appliances can talk to you,
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但是一旦这些电器能跟你交流，
01:09
who else are they going to be talking to?
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它们还将会和谁交流呢？
01:12
I wanted to find out,
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我想查明此事，
01:13
so I went all-in and turned my
one-bedroom apartment in San Francisco
one-bedroom apartment in San Francisco
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于是我费了一番工夫，
把我在旧金山的一个一居室公寓
把我在旧金山的一个一居室公寓
01:17
into a smart home.
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改造成了一个智能房子。
01:18
I even connected our bed to the internet.
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我甚至把我们的床都连到了互联网。
01:22
As far as I know, it was just
measuring our sleeping habits.
measuring our sleeping habits.
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据我所知，
它仅仅只是判断我们的睡觉习惯
它仅仅只是判断我们的睡觉习惯
01:26
I can now tell you
that the only thing worse
that the only thing worse
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我可以告诉你们，
唯一一件
唯一一件
01:28
than getting a terrible night's sleep
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比没睡好觉还糟的事
01:30
is to have your smart bed
tell you the next day
tell you the next day
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就是第二天你的智能床跟你说
01:32
that you "missed your goal
and got a low sleep score."
and got a low sleep score."
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“你没达到睡眠目标，
并且得到了一个低睡眠分。”
并且得到了一个低睡眠分。”
01:35
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
01:37
It's like, "Thanks, smart bed.
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我真想说：
“谢谢你，智能的床先生，
“谢谢你，智能的床先生，
01:38
As if I didn't already
feel like shit today."
feel like shit today."
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好像我今天过的还不够糟似的。“
01:41
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
01:42
All together, I installed 18
internet-connected devices in my home.
internet-connected devices in my home.
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我总共在家里安装了
18个联网的设备。
18个联网的设备。
01:47
I also installed a Surya.
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我还“安装”了一位Surya。
01:49
Surya Mattu: Hi, I'm Surya.
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嗨，我是Surya！
01:50
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
01:51
I monitored everything the smart home did.
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我监视着智能屋做的一切事，
01:54
I built a special router that let me look
at all the network activity.
at all the network activity.
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我搭建了一个特殊的路由器，
能让我查看所有的网络活动。
能让我查看所有的网络活动。
01:58
You can think of my router
sort of like a security guard,
sort of like a security guard,
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你可以把我的这个路由器
想成一位安保人员，
想成一位安保人员，
02:01
compulsively logging
all the network packets
all the network packets
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当网络数据包进出智能屋时
02:03
as they entered and left the smart home.
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都被强制地记录下来。
02:06
KH: Surya and I are both journalists,
he's not my husband,
he's not my husband,
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Surya和我都是记者，
他不是我的丈夫
他不是我的丈夫
02:08
we just work together at Gizmodo.
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我们只是一起在Gizmodo工作罢了。
02:10
SM: Thank you for clarifying.
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谢谢你澄清此事。
02:11
The devices Kashmir bought --
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我们对Kashmir买的设备
02:13
we were interested in understanding
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在和它们的制造者交流什么
02:15
what they were saying
to their manufacturers.
to their manufacturers.
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非常感兴趣。
但我们同时也对
02:17
But we were also interested
in understanding
in understanding
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房子里发出的信息
02:19
what the home's digital
emissions look like
emissions look like
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在网络服务商眼里看起来是什么样子
很感兴趣。
很感兴趣。
02:21
to the internet service provider.
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我们在看ISP能看见什么，
但更重要的是，
但更重要的是，
02:23
We were seeing what the ISP could see,
but more importantly,
but more importantly,
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它们能出卖什么。
02:26
what they could sell.
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我们的实验持续了两个月。
02:28
KH: We ran the experiment for two months.
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在这两个月里
02:30
In that two months,
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房间里没有一个小时的电子静默，
02:31
there wasn't a single hour
of digital silence in the house --
of digital silence in the house --
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甚至在我们离家的那一周也是。
02:34
not even when we went away for a week.
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02:36
SM: Yeah, it's so true.
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确实
根据这些数据，我知道你们
什么时候睡觉，什么时候起床。
什么时候睡觉，什么时候起床。
02:37
Based on the data, I knew when
you guys woke up and went to bed.
you guys woke up and went to bed.
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我甚至知道Kashmir什么时候刷牙，
02:40
I even knew when Kashmir
brushed her teeth.
brushed her teeth.
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我并不是要揭露你的刷牙习惯，
02:42
I'm not going to out your brushing habits,
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02:44
but let's just say it was very clear to me
when you were working from home.
when you were working from home.
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但是我得承认我很清楚的知道
你什么时候在家工作
你什么时候在家工作
呃，我想你说得够明白了。
02:48
KH: Uh, I think you just outed them
to, like, a lot of people here.
to, like, a lot of people here.
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02:51
SM: Don't be embarrassed,
it's just metadata.
it's just metadata.
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别尴尬，这只是元数据罢了
我知道你什么时候打开电视，
看多久。
看多久。
02:54
I knew when you turned on your TV
and how long you watched it for.
and how long you watched it for.
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Hill家有一个有趣的现象：
02:57
Fun fact about the Hill household:
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他们要么不看电视
02:59
they don't watch a lot of television,
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要么就大看特看
03:01
but when they do,
it's usually in binge mode.
it's usually in binge mode.
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03:03
Favorite shows include
"Difficult People" and "Party Down."
"Difficult People" and "Party Down."
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他们最喜欢的节目有"难处之人“和
”派对之后“。
”派对之后“。
03:06
KH: OK, you're right,
I loved "Party Down."
I loved "Party Down."
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没错，我爱死“派对之后”了，
03:08
It's a great show,
and you should definitely watch it.
and you should definitely watch it.
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是个不错的节目，你真应该看看。
“难处之人”
则是我丈夫Trevor看的。
则是我丈夫Trevor看的。
03:10
But "Difficult People"
was all my husband, Trevor.
was all my husband, Trevor.
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Trevor在你知道他的喜好后
还有点心烦，
还有点心烦，
03:13
And Trevor was actually a little upset
that you knew about his binges,
that you knew about his binges,
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因为即使是他自己
将电视连上了路由器，
将电视连上了路由器，
03:16
because even though he'd been the one
to connect the TV to the router,
to connect the TV to the router,
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他忘了电视在看着他。
03:20
he forgot that the TV was watching us.
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这也不是电视机头一回监视我们。
03:23
It's actually not the first time
that our TV has spied on us.
that our TV has spied on us.
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造电视的公司，VIZIO
03:26
The company that made it, VIZIO,
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03:28
paid a 2.2 million-dollar settlement
to the government just last year,
to the government just last year,
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去年付给政府
220万美元的和解费，
220万美元的和解费，
因为他们每一秒都在收集信息，
03:32
because it had been collecting
second-by-second information
second-by-second information
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03:35
about what millions of people
were watching on TV, including us,
were watching on TV, including us,
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关于数百万看电视的人们的信息，
包括我们，
包括我们，
03:39
and then it was selling that information
to data brokers and advertisers.
to data brokers and advertisers.
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然后把这些信息卖给数据经纪人和
广告商。
广告商。
03:43
SM: Ah, classic surveillance economy move.
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啊，经典的监督经济之举。
Kashmir买的设备几乎每天
都要和他们的服务器联系一下,
都要和他们的服务器联系一下,
03:46
The devices Kashmir bought
almost all pinged their servers daily.
almost all pinged their servers daily.
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但是你们知道那个设备话最多吗?
03:50
But do you know which device
was especially chatty?
was especially chatty?
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Amazon Echo。
03:53
The Amazon Echo.
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03:54
It contacted its servers
every three minutes,
every three minutes,
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不管你用不用，
它每三分钟都与其服务器联系一次。
03:56
regardless of whether
you were using it or not.
you were using it or not.
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03:59
KH: In general, it was disconcerting
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总的来说，
这些都令人不安，
这些都令人不安，
04:01
that all these devices were having
ongoing conversations
ongoing conversations
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所有设备正在进行的对话
04:04
that were invisible to me.
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对我来说总是不可见的。
04:05
I mean, I would have had
no idea, without your router.
no idea, without your router.
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要不是你的路由器，
我真的一无所知。
我真的一无所知。
你应该知道，
如果你买了一件智能设备，
如果你买了一件智能设备，
04:08
If you buy a smart device,
you should probably know --
you should probably know --
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你是设备的拥有者，
04:12
you're going to own the device,
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但一般来说，
智能设备公司会拥有你的数据。
智能设备公司会拥有你的数据。
04:14
but in general, the company
is going to own your data.
is going to own your data.
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04:17
And you know, I mean,
maybe that's to be expected --
maybe that's to be expected --
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或许这些都预料的到，
你买一件联网的设备，
它将要使用互联网。
它将要使用互联网。
04:20
you buy an internet-connected device,
it's going to use the internet.
it's going to use the internet.
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但奇怪的是，现在这些设备
闯进私人空间，我们的家，
闯进私人空间，我们的家，
04:24
But it's strange to have these devices
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04:26
moving into the intimate space
that is the home
that is the home
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让这些公司追踪我们的基本行为。
04:28
and allowing companies to track
our really basic behavior there.
our really basic behavior there.
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确实如此。
04:32
SM: So true.
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监视经济甚至可以挖掘出
最平庸的数据中蕴含的信息。
最平庸的数据中蕴含的信息。
04:33
Even the most banal-seeming data
can be mined by the surveillance economy.
can be mined by the surveillance economy.
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举个例子，
谁在乎你多久刷一次牙啊？
谁在乎你多久刷一次牙啊？
04:36
For example, who cares
how often you brush your teeth?
how often you brush your teeth?
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04:39
Well, as it turns out, there's a dental
insurance company called Beam.
insurance company called Beam.
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然而结果是，
有一家叫Beam牙科保险公司，
有一家叫Beam牙科保险公司，
他们从2015年
就开始监视顾客的智能牙刷，
就开始监视顾客的智能牙刷，
04:43
They've been monitoring their customers'
smart toothbrushes since 2015 --
smart toothbrushes since 2015 --
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当然了，顾客因此可以享受
保费的折扣。
保费的折扣。
04:46
for discounts on their
premiums, of course.
premiums, of course.
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04:49
KH: We know what
some of you are thinking:
some of you are thinking:
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我们知道你们中有人这么想：
这是现代世界的一个合同。
04:51
this is the contract of the modern world.
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你放弃一些隐私，
04:54
You give up a little privacy,
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04:55
and you get some convenience
or some price breaks in return.
or some price breaks in return.
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然后可以得到一点方便
或者是折扣。
或者是折扣。
但在我的智能屋中，
我的经历截然不同。
我的经历截然不同。
04:59
But that wasn't my experience
in my smart home.
in my smart home.
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05:01
It wasn't convenient, it was infuriating.
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一点也不方便，
很让我生气。
很让我生气。
我承认，我喜欢我的智能吸尘器，
05:05
I'll admit, I love my smart vacuum,
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但是房子里其他东西
快把我弄得发疯了。
快把我弄得发疯了。
05:08
but many other things in the house
drove me insane:
drove me insane:
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05:10
we ran out of electrical outlets,
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电源插座都被用完了，
我不得不在手机上下载十几个app
05:12
and I had to download
over a dozen apps to my phone
over a dozen apps to my phone
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来控制这些东西。
05:16
to control everything.
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然后每个设备都有自己的登陆方式，
05:17
And then every device had its own log-in,
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我的牙刷还有个密码呢。
05:19
my toothbrush had a password ...
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（笑声）
05:22
(Laughter)
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尤其是智能咖啡机，真是糟糕透了。
05:23
And smart coffee, especially,
was just a world of hell.
was just a world of hell.
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等等，真的吗？
云计算咖啡机不适合你吗？
云计算咖啡机不适合你吗？
05:28
SM: Wait, really? Cloud-powered
coffee wasn't really working for you?
coffee wasn't really working for you?
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我可能太天真，
我以为一切都会进展顺利。
我以为一切都会进展顺利。
05:32
KH: I mean, maybe I'm naive,
but I thought it was going to be great.
but I thought it was going to be great.
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05:35
I thought we'd just wake up in the morning
and we'd say, "Alexa, make us coffee."
and we'd say, "Alexa, make us coffee."
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我以为早上起床说：“Alexa，
给我们煮咖啡。”就可以了，
给我们煮咖啡。”就可以了，
但事情并不是这样的。
05:39
But that's not how it went down.
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05:41
We had to use this really particular,
brand-specific phrase to make it work.
brand-specific phrase to make it work.
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我们必须得用具体的，
品牌规定好的短语，
品牌规定好的短语，
05:45
It was, "Alexa, ask the Behmor
to run quick start."
to run quick start."
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我得说：“Alexa，
让 Behmor快速启动。”
让 Behmor快速启动。”
在每天早上还未摄入咖啡因前，
05:51
And this was just, like,
really hard to remember
really hard to remember
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这真是个非常难记住的
05:54
first thing in the morning,
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首要任务。
05:55
before you have had your caffeine.
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（笑声）
05:57
(Laughter)
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显然，说这些话很困难
05:58
And apparently, it was hard to say,
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因为就在我们床边摆着的Echo Dot
06:00
because the Echo Dot
that was right next to our bed
that was right next to our bed
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就是听不懂我们。
06:03
just couldn't understand us.
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所以我们都是冲着Echo Dot
大喊来开始每一天。
大喊来开始每一天。
06:05
So we would basically start every day
by screaming this phrase at the Echo Dot.
by screaming this phrase at the Echo Dot.
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06:10
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
Trevor恨死这些了。
06:11
And Trevor hated this.
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他总说：“求你了Kashmir，
06:13
He'd be like, "Please, Kashmir,
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就让我去厨房按下那个键
让咖啡机运行起来。”
让咖啡机运行起来。”
06:15
just let me go to the kitchen and push
the button to make the coffee run."
the button to make the coffee run."
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我就说：”不行，你不能这么做！
06:19
And I'd be like, "No, you can't!
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我们得按照最智能的方式来。”
06:21
We have to do it the smart way!"
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（笑声）
06:23
(Laughter)
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06:25
I'm happy to report that our marriage
survived the experiment,
survived the experiment,
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我很高兴我们的婚姻
撑过了这次试验，
撑过了这次试验，
但真的很勉强。
06:28
but just barely.
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如果你决定要把你家智能化，
06:30
SM: If you decide to make your home smart,
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06:32
hopefully, you’ll find it
less infuriating than Kashmir did.
less infuriating than Kashmir did.
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希望你不要像Kashmir那样
被气死。
被气死。
但无论如何，你买的智能设备
06:35
But regardless, the smart things you buy
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06:37
can and probably are used
to target and profile you.
to target and profile you.
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很有可能被用来定位和描述你。
仅仅通过你拥有的智能设备数量
06:41
Just the number of devices you have
can be used to predict
can be used to predict
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就能推测出你是贫是富。
06:44
how rich or poor you are.
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06:45
Facebook's made this tech,
and they've also patented it.
and they've also patented it.
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脸书制作了这项技术，
他们也获得了专利。
他们也获得了专利。
现阶段你每次上网感到的
06:48
KH: All the anxiety you currently feel
every time you go online,
every time you go online,
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害怕被追踪的焦虑感
06:52
about being tracked,
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马上要进入你的客厅
06:53
is about to move into your living room.
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或者你的卧室了。
06:55
Or into your bedroom.
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有一种叫做We-Vibe的性玩具
06:57
There's this sex toy called the We-Vibe.
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你可能想知道一个性玩具
为什么还要联网，
为什么还要联网，
07:00
You might wonder why
a sex toy connects to the internet,
a sex toy connects to the internet,
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07:03
but it's for two people
who are in a long-distance relationship,
who are in a long-distance relationship,
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这是给异地恋的情侣准备的，
这样他们就可以在远处
享受他们的爱。
享受他们的爱。
07:06
so they can share their love from afar.
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有些黑客仔细研究了这个玩具，
07:10
Some hackers took a close look at this toy
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07:12
and saw it was sending
a lot of information
a lot of information
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发现这个玩具给它的公司
发送大量的信息。
07:14
back to the company that made it --
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什么时候使用这个玩具、用多长时间
07:16
when it was used,
how long it was used for,
how long it was used for,
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07:19
what the vibration settings were,
how hot the toy got.
how hot the toy got.
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震动设定是什么，玩具变得有多热，
这些都要录进数据库。
07:23
It was all going into a database.
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所以我联系了这家公司
07:25
So I reached out to the company,
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我说：“你们为什么要收集
这么敏感的数据啊？”
这么敏感的数据啊？”
07:28
and I said, "Why are you collecting
this really sensitive data?"
this really sensitive data?"
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他们说：“这是很好的市场调查。”
07:32
And they said, "Well, it's great
for market research."
for market research."
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他们在挖掘
消费者性高潮的数据，
消费者性高潮的数据，
07:36
But they were data-mining
their customers' orgasms.
their customers' orgasms.
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而且他们也不会告诉消费者这件事。
07:39
And they weren't telling them about it.
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07:41
I mean, even if
you're cavalier about privacy,
you're cavalier about privacy,
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就算你对待隐私的态度很前卫，
我希望你要承认这有点过了。
07:43
I hope that you would admit
that's a step too far.
that's a step too far.
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这就是为什么我还没让
我的性玩具变智能。
我的性玩具变智能。
07:46
SM: This is why I want
to keep my sex toys dumb.
to keep my sex toys dumb.
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07:49
KH: That's great.
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很好，
我们很高兴知道这件事。
07:50
We're all very glad to know that.
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（笑声）
07:52
(Laughter)
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这是我愿意分享的数据点。
07:53
SM: A data point I'm willing to share.
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（笑声）
07:55
(Laughter)
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07:57
The devices Kashmir bought
range from useful to annoying.
range from useful to annoying.
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Kashmir买的设备
从有用的到让人心烦的都有。
从有用的到让人心烦的都有。
他们都有一个共同点
08:00
But the thing they all had in common
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08:02
was sharing data with
the companies that made them.
the companies that made them.
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就是和制造它们的公司分享数据。
有了电子邮件供应商和
社交媒体的经验，
社交媒体的经验，
08:04
With email service providers
and social media,
and social media,
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08:07
we've long been told that if it's free,
you're the product.
you're the product.
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我们长久以来都知道，
如果商品免费，你就是产品。
如果商品免费，你就是产品。
但是对于互联网来说，
08:10
But with the internet of things, it seems,
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即使你付钱了，你还是产品。
08:12
even if you pay, you're still the product.
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2008
所以你真的得想一想
08:14
So you really have to ask:
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08:15
Who's the true beneficiary
of your smart home,
of your smart home,
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谁是你的智能屋的受惠人？
08:17
you or the company mining you?
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你，还是，挖掘你信息的公司？
在座各位都是科技方面的明白人,
08:19
KH: Look, we're a tech savvy crowd here.
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1952
08:21
I think most of us know
that these things connect to the internet
that these things connect to the internet
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我们大多数人都知道
这些东西都连着网,
这些东西都连着网,
然后把数据发出去。
08:24
and send data out.
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可能你觉得住在一座
商业全景敞视监狱监狱里没事，
商业全景敞视监狱监狱里没事，
08:25
And fine, maybe you're OK with living
in that commercial panopticon,
in that commercial panopticon,
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但其他人未必这么想。
08:29
but others aren't.
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08:31
We need the companies to rethink
the design of these devices
the design of these devices
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这些公司需要重新考虑
这些设备的设计，
这些设备的设计，
要考虑到我们的隐私。
08:34
with our privacy in mind,
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08:35
because we're not all willing
to participate in "market research,"
to participate in "market research,"
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并非所有人都愿意
仅仅因为买了一个联网的设备
仅仅因为买了一个联网的设备
08:38
just because a device we bought
has a Wi-Fi connection.
has a Wi-Fi connection.
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就参加一个市场调查。
我必须告诉你，
08:42
And I have to tell you,
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即使你知道这件事正在发生，
08:43
even when you're aware,
generally, this is happening,
generally, this is happening,
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还是很容易忘记这些普通的居家物品
在监视窥伺着你。
在监视窥伺着你。
08:45
it's really easy to forget that normal
household items are spying on you.
household items are spying on you.
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4394
你很容易就忘记这些东西在看着你，
08:50
It's easy to forget
these things are watching you,
these things are watching you,
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因为它们长得并不像摄像头。
08:53
because they don't look like cameras.
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它们也可以长得像.......
08:55
They could look like ...
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08:56
well, they could look like a dildo.
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嗯，它们可以长得像一个假阳具。
谢谢。
08:59
Thank you.
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（掌声）
09:00
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Kashmir Hill - Technology journalistKashmir Hill writes about privacy and technology.
Why you should listen
Kashmir Hill is a senior reporter for the Gizmodo Media Group. As she writes: "I started out in journalism blogging at what was essentially an online tabloid for lawyers. Then I got interested in privacy, and that forced me to write about Facebook and eventually about other technologies; along the way people started describing me as a technology journalist instead of a legal blogger.
"I've always wanted my writing to be approachable for a lay audience, so I usually use humor, a first-person approach or, ideally, both. So I've hacked a smart home, lived in a monitored one, created a fake business and bought it a fake reputation, worked as a crowdsourced girlfriend, lived on Bitcoin and spent a whole week WRITING IN CAPS LOCK. The best way to prepare people for future possible tech dystopias is for me to live in them and report back."
Kashmir Hill | Speaker | TED.com
Surya Mattu - Artist, investigative journalist, engineer
Think of Surya Mattu as a data detective. As he writes: "I am interested in figuring out the ways in which algorithmic systems harm people."
Why you should listen
Surya Mattu is a data reporter on Gizmodo's Special Projects Desk and an R&D journalism resident at Eyebeam NYC. As he writes: "My practice combines art, investigative journalism, engineering and creative technology. The aim is to reverse-engineer the specific ways in which the tools or technology we create are imbued with the ethics of the culture in which they're created. Currently, I am a data reporter. Previously, I was a contributing researcher at ProPublica, where I worked on "Machine Bias," a series that aims to highlight how algorithmic systems can be biased and discriminate against people."
Surya Mattu | Speaker | TED.com