TED2018
DeAndrea Salvador: How we can make energy more affordable for low-income families
德安迪亚 · 萨尔瓦多: 如何让低收入家庭负担得起能源费用
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每个月，数百万的美国人面临着一个两难的境地：选择支付能源账单，或支付食品和药品等基本需求。 TED研究员德安迪亚 · 萨尔瓦多正在努力降低能源成本，以确保没有人必须做出如此痛苦的决定。在这段简短的演讲中，她分享了她的计划，帮助低收入家庭减少能源账单，同时为我们所有人打造一个更干净，更可靠，更实惠的能源未来。
DeAndrea Salvador - Environmental justice advocate
DeAndrea Salvador reshapes the way we use and engage with energy. Full bio
DeAndrea Salvador reshapes the way we use and engage with energy. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
So, as a child,
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年幼时，
我的大部分时间都在曾祖母家里度过。
00:14
I used to spend all of my time
at my great-grandmother's house.
at my great-grandmother's house.
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在炎热潮湿的夏日，
我会小跑到房间另一端，
我会小跑到房间另一端，
00:17
On hot, humid, summer days,
I would dash across the floor
I would dash across the floor
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并把脸凑到家中唯一的空调前面。
00:21
and stick my face in front of
her only air conditioner.
her only air conditioner.
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但我没有意识到，这种单纯的体验
00:24
But I didn't realize
that that simple experience,
that that simple experience,
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虽然短暂，
00:27
though brief,
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却是我们社区独有的。
00:29
was a privileged one in our community.
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在我成长的过程中，
邻居捏造假能源帐户
邻居捏造假能源帐户
00:32
Growing up, stories of next-door neighbors
having to set up fake energy accounts
having to set up fake energy accounts
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或偷取能源
00:36
or having to steal energy
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是很正常的事。
00:38
seemed normal to me.
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在燃气被关闭后，
00:40
During the winter, struggling to get warm,
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为了冬天能取暖，
00:42
my neighbors would have no choice
but to bypass the meter
but to bypass the meter
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我的邻居只好绕开燃气表，
00:45
after their heat was shut off,
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好让家人再勉强捱过一天。
00:47
just to keep their family
comfortable for one more day.
comfortable for one more day.
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00:52
These kinds of dangerous
incidents can take root
incidents can take root
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这些危险的举动往往发生在
00:54
when people are faced
with impossible choices.
with impossible choices.
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人们别无选择的时候。
在美国，能源费占人均收入的3％。
00:57
In the US, the average American spends
three percent of their income on energy.
three percent of their income on energy.
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相比之下，低收入或农村人口
01:02
In contrast, low-income
and rural populations
and rural populations
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01:05
can spend 20, even 30 percent
of their income on energy.
of their income on energy.
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可能要花20%，甚至30％的
收入来缴能源费。
收入来缴能源费。
在2015年，超过2500万人
为了不耗尽家中的能源
为了不耗尽家中的能源
01:10
In 2015, this caused over
25 million people to skip meals
25 million people to skip meals
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而不得不减少用餐次数。
01:15
to provide power to their homes.
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能源在此刻变成了一种负担。
01:18
This is when energy becomes a burden.
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但能源负担更并不只是一个数字。
01:21
But energy burdens are so much more
than just a number.
than just a number.
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01:24
They present impossible
and perilous choices:
and perilous choices:
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它让人们不得不面临许多
艰难甚至危及生命的抉择：
艰难甚至危及生命的抉择：
你会为孩子买流感药，
01:29
Do you take your child
to get her flu medicine,
to get her flu medicine,
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还是买吃的？
01:31
or do you feed her?
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或者是为她保暖？
01:34
Or do you keep her warm?
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这是一个困难的选择，
01:36
It's an impossible choice,
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01:38
and nearly every month,
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但几乎每个月
都有700万人要面对
药物还是能源这样的难题。
药物还是能源这样的难题。
01:40
seven million people choose
between medicine and energy.
between medicine and energy.
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这暴露了一个更大的系统性问题：
01:45
This exposes a much larger
and systemic issue.
and systemic issue.
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能源负担较大的家庭
都是一些有色人种，
都是一些有色人种，
01:48
Families with high energy burdens
are disproportionately people of color,
are disproportionately people of color,
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他们每平方英尺要比
白人负担更多的能源开销。
白人负担更多的能源开销。
01:53
who spend more per square foot
than their white counterparts.
than their white counterparts.
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但护士，退伍军人，甚至教师，
01:56
But it's also nurses, veterans
and even schoolteachers
and even schoolteachers
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往往也成为无法负担
01:59
who fall into the mass
of 37 million people a year
of 37 million people a year
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基本能源需求的3700万人中的一部分，
02:03
who are unable to afford energy
for their most basic needs.
for their most basic needs.
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02:07
As a result, those with
high energy burdens
high energy burdens
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结果，那些能源负担沉重的人
有更大的机率罹患心脏病和气喘。
02:09
have a greater likelihood of conditions
like heart disease and asthma.
like heart disease and asthma.
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想想看——我们能把火箭送上火星，
制造能放进口袋的人工智能设备，
制造能放进口袋的人工智能设备，
02:14
Look -- given our rockets to Mars
and our pocket-sized AI,
and our pocket-sized AI,
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我们其实有能力解决这些不平等问题。
02:19
we have the tools to address
these systemic inequities.
these systemic inequities.
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我们拥有科技，
02:23
The technology is here.
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02:25
Cost of renewables, insulation,
microgrids and smart home technology
microgrids and smart home technology
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可再生能源，保温材料，
微电网和智能家居的造价
微电网和智能家居的造价
02:29
are all decreasing.
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都在下降。
然而，即使能源接近成本平价，
02:31
However, even as we approach cost parity,
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02:34
the majority of those who own solar
earn much more than the average American.
earn much more than the average American.
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大多数拥有太阳能的人
都比普通的美国人富裕。
都比普通的美国人富裕。
02:40
This is why, when I was 22,
I founded the nonprofit RETI.
I founded the nonprofit RETI.
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这就是为什么我在22岁的时候
创立了非营利组织RETI。
创立了非营利组织RETI。
02:44
Our mission is to alleviate energy burdens
by working with communities,
by working with communities,
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减轻能源负担是我们的使命。
我们与社区、公用事业、和政府机构合作，
02:48
utilities and government agencies alike
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提供平等的清洁能源，
02:51
to provide equitable access
to clean energy,
to clean energy,
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能源效率，和能源技术。
02:54
energy efficiency and energy technology.
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但却没有一个方法能根除这个问题。
02:57
But there's no one way to solve this.
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我相信当地社区的力量，
03:01
I believe in the power
of local communities,
of local communities,
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也相信关系能够转变，
03:05
in the transforming effect
of relationships.
of relationships.
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所以我们开始与能源负担最高的
03:09
So we start by working directly
with the communities
with the communities
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03:12
that have the highest energy burdens.
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社区展开合作。
我们在社区举办研讨会和各种活动，
03:14
We host workshops
and events for communities
and events for communities
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去探讨能源匮乏的问题，
03:16
to learn about energy poverty,
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以及如何轻微改进他们设备，
03:18
and how making even small
updates to their homes
updates to their homes
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例如提高窗户和热水器的保温性
03:20
like better insulation for windows
and water heaters
and water heaters
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03:23
can go a long way to maximize efficiency.
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来将能源效率最大化。
我们正在用太阳能连接社区，
03:26
We're connecting neighborhoods
to community solar
to community solar
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并引领以社区为主导的
智能家居研究
智能家居研究
03:29
and spearheading community-led
smart home research
smart home research
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03:31
and installation programs
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和安装项目，
以帮助家庭降低能源开支。
03:33
to help families bring down
their energy bills.
their energy bills.
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我们甚至直接与民选官员合作，
03:36
We're even working directly
with elected officials,
with elected officials,
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倡导更公平的能源定价，
03:39
advocating for more equitable pricing,
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因为要实现这种能源平等和弹性，
03:41
because to see this vision
of energy equity and resilience succeed,
of energy equity and resilience succeed,
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03:46
we have to work together sustainably.
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我们必须朝可持续的方向共同努力。
03:51
Now, the US spends
over three billion a year
over three billion a year
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美国每年拨款超过30亿
来补助能源帐单，
03:53
on energy bill payment assistance.
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这些计划确实帮助了数百万人，
03:55
And these programs do help
millions of people,
millions of people,
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但这些人只是冰山一角。
03:58
but they're only able to help
a fraction of those in need.
a fraction of those in need.
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04:02
In fact,
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事实上，
04:03
there is a 47-billion-dollar
home-energy affordability gap,
home-energy affordability gap,
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家庭能源负担
缺口将近470亿美元，
缺口将近470亿美元，
因此单靠补助只是杯水车薪。
04:09
so assistance alone is not sustainable.
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04:13
But by building energy equity
and resilience into our communities,
and resilience into our communities,
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但通过在社区建立能源公平和弹性，
我们可以公平和公正地获得
04:17
we can assure fair and impartial access
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干净，可靠，且实惠的能源。
04:20
to energy that is clean,
reliable and affordable.
reliable and affordable.
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大规模的微电网技术，
清洁技术和能源效率
清洁技术和能源效率
04:23
At scale, microgrid technology,
clean technology and energy efficiency
clean technology and energy efficiency
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04:28
dramatically improve public health.
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大大改善了公共健康。
对于那些能源负担高的人来说，
04:30
And for those with high energy burdens,
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04:33
it can help them reclaim
20 percent of their income --
20 percent of their income --
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这可以帮助他们省20％的收入——
对努力维持生计的人来说，20%的收入。
04:37
20 percent of a person's income
who's struggling to make ends meet.
who's struggling to make ends meet.
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这足以改变人生。
04:41
This is life-changing.
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这是一个家庭通过节省能源开支
04:43
This is an opportunity
for families to use their energy savings
for families to use their energy savings
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04:48
to sponsor their future.
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来开拓未来的机会。
我想起了我的曾祖母
和她的邻居们需要做出的
和她的邻居们需要做出的
04:51
I think back to my great-grandmother
and her neighbors,
and her neighbors,
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那些困难的选择，
04:55
the impossible choices
that they had to make
that they had to make
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以及这对整个社区的影响。
04:58
and the effect it had
on our whole community.
on our whole community.
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05:01
But this is not just about them.
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但这不仅仅与他们有关。
全国有数百万人也
面临着同样艰难的选择。
面临着同样艰难的选择。
05:04
There are millions nationwide having
to make the same impossible choices today.
to make the same impossible choices today.
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我知道高能源负担是一个
需要克服的巨大障碍，
需要克服的巨大障碍，
05:09
And I know high energy burdens
are a tremendous barrier to overcome,
are a tremendous barrier to overcome,
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但通过社区合作和技术，
05:14
but through relationships
with communities and technology,
with communities and technology,
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我们有了克服它们的途径。
05:18
we have the paths to overcome them.
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当我们采取行动时，
05:21
And when we do,
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生活将会变得更加舒适和从容。
05:23
we will all be more resilient.
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谢谢。
05:25
Thank you.
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（掌声）
05:26
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
DeAndrea Salvador - Environmental justice advocateDeAndrea Salvador reshapes the way we use and engage with energy.
Why you should listen
DeAndrea Newman Salvador is an energy expert with a background in economics, an entrepreneur and a founder of two groundbreaking organizations, Renewable Energy Transition Initiative (RETI) and JouleScout. She works to create seamless integration of low-income families into a world of energy abundance.
Witnessing neighbors in her home state of North Carolina struggle to keep up with energy expenses, Salvador took action in 2013 and founded RETI, a nonprofit focused on helping low-income families sustainably reduce energy costs and gain access to cutting-edge technology. Through RETI, Salvador is partnering with Duke Energy (one of the nation's largest utilities) to launch a low- to moderate-income shared solar program in South Carolina. RETI also worked with the City of Charlotte to create a Smart Home Kick Start for the city's residents.
Furthering her mission to create energy equity in the new energy economy, Salvador founded JouleScout in 2018. JouleScout is a social enterprise focused on helping energy providers incentivize customers to use less energy at key times without sacrificing comfort, thereby ensuring grid reliability, fewer blackouts and more renewables on the grid with a cost savings to customers.
As a social entrepreneur and advocate, Salvador has been featured by The Atlantic, Fast Company, the BBC, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, Utility Drive and the Charlotte Observer. Her own articles are published in Pacific Standard Magazine, GOOD, The Development Set, BRIGHT Magazine and on TheWeek.com.
Salvador is a TED2018 Fellow, a recipient of the University of North Carolina at Charlotte Young Alumna of the Year Award and was recognized as one of the Charlotte Mecklenburg Black Chamber of Commerce's 30 under 30. She is a member of the Mecklenburg County Air Quality Commission and sits on the Board of Directors for Youth Empowered Solutions (YES!).
DeAndrea Salvador | Speaker | TED.com