TED2018
DeAndrea Salvador: How we can make energy more affordable for low-income families
德安迪亞·薩爾瓦多: 如何使低收入家庭付得起電費
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每個月，數百萬的美國人面臨著一個艱難的選擇：支付電費，或支付食品和藥品等基本需求。 TED 研究員德安迪亞·薩爾瓦多正在努力降低能源成本，以確保沒有人必須做出這樣的決定。 在這簡短的演講中，她分享了她的計劃，幫助低收入家庭減少能源賬單，同時為我們所有人建立一個更乾淨、更可靠、更實惠的未來能源。
DeAndrea Salvador - Environmental justice advocate
DeAndrea Salvador reshapes the way we use and engage with energy. Full bio
DeAndrea Salvador reshapes the way we use and engage with energy. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
So, as a child,
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幼時的我基本上住在曾祖母的家裡。
00:14
I used to spend all of my time
at my great-grandmother's house.
at my great-grandmother's house.
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在炎熱潮濕的夏日，
我會在家中奔跑，
我會在家中奔跑，
00:17
On hot, humid, summer days,
I would dash across the floor
I would dash across the floor
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並把臉貼在唯一的空調上。
00:21
and stick my face in front of
her only air conditioner.
her only air conditioner.
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但我沒有意識到這單純的體驗
00:24
But I didn't realize
that that simple experience,
that that simple experience,
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雖然短暫，
00:27
though brief,
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卻是我們社區獨有的特權。
00:29
was a privileged one in our community.
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在我成長期間，
聽聞鄰居捏造假能源帳戶
聽聞鄰居捏造假能源帳戶
00:32
Growing up, stories of next-door neighbors
having to set up fake energy accounts
having to set up fake energy accounts
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00:36
or having to steal energy
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或偷取能源，看似正常不過。
00:38
seemed normal to me.
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00:40
During the winter, struggling to get warm,
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在冬天裡為了取暖，
我的鄰居別無選擇，
00:42
my neighbors would have no choice
but to bypass the meter
but to bypass the meter
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不得不在暖氣被關閉後，
嘗試躲過儀表紀錄偷電，
嘗試躲過儀表紀錄偷電，
00:45
after their heat was shut off,
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只是為了讓他們的家人多舒服一天。
00:47
just to keep their family
comfortable for one more day.
comfortable for one more day.
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這些危險的舉動往往發生在
人們別無選擇的時候，
人們別無選擇的時候，
00:52
These kinds of dangerous
incidents can take root
incidents can take root
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00:54
when people are faced
with impossible choices.
with impossible choices.
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在美國，人們平均要花上
3％ 的收入來繳能源費。
3％ 的收入來繳能源費。
00:57
In the US, the average American spends
three percent of their income on energy.
three percent of their income on energy.
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01:02
In contrast, low-income
and rural populations
and rural populations
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相比之下，低收入
農村人口可能要花 20%，
農村人口可能要花 20%，
01:05
can spend 20, even 30 percent
of their income on energy.
of their income on energy.
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甚至 30％ 的收入來繳能源費。
在 2015 年，超過 2500 萬人
01:10
In 2015, this caused over
25 million people to skip meals
25 million people to skip meals
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為了支付電費而減少用餐，
01:15
to provide power to their homes.
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這就是能量成為負擔的時候。
01:18
This is when energy becomes a burden.
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但能源負擔並不只是數字，
01:21
But energy burdens are so much more
than just a number.
than just a number.
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它呈現許多致命的抉擇：
01:24
They present impossible
and perilous choices:
and perilous choices:
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是要給孩子流感藥，還是要餵飽她？
01:29
Do you take your child
to get her flu medicine,
to get her flu medicine,
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01:31
or do you feed her?
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或者是讓她保持溫暖？
01:34
Or do you keep her warm?
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這是一個困難的選擇。
01:36
It's an impossible choice,
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01:38
and nearly every month,
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但幾乎每個月都有 700 萬人
01:40
seven million people choose
between medicine and energy.
between medicine and energy.
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要面對從藥品和能源中
二選其一這樣的難題。
二選其一這樣的難題。
這顯現了一個更大的系統性問題：
01:45
This exposes a much larger
and systemic issue.
and systemic issue.
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能源帳單負擔較重的家庭
有很高的比例是有色人種，
有很高的比例是有色人種，
01:48
Families with high energy burdens
are disproportionately people of color,
are disproportionately people of color,
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每平方英尺他們比白人花費得更多。
01:53
who spend more per square foot
than their white counterparts.
than their white counterparts.
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不僅這樣，護士、退伍軍人和教師
01:56
But it's also nurses, veterans
and even schoolteachers
and even schoolteachers
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01:59
who fall into the mass
of 37 million people a year
of 37 million people a year
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也落入無法負擔
基本能源需求的 3700 萬人中。
基本能源需求的 3700 萬人中。
02:03
who are unable to afford energy
for their most basic needs.
for their most basic needs.
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結果，那些人負擔沉重的人
02:07
As a result, those with
high energy burdens
high energy burdens
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02:09
have a greater likelihood of conditions
like heart disease and asthma.
like heart disease and asthma.
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有更大的機率罹患心臟病和氣喘。
看哪，我們能把火箭送上火星
02:14
Look -- given our rockets to Mars
and our pocket-sized AI,
and our pocket-sized AI,
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和製造口袋大小的人工智慧，
我們其實能解決這不公平的現象，
02:19
we have the tools to address
these systemic inequities.
these systemic inequities.
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我們擁有科技，
02:23
The technology is here.
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02:25
Cost of renewables, insulation,
microgrids and smart home technology
microgrids and smart home technology
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可再生能源、絕緣體、微電網
和智能家居的造價都在下降。
02:29
are all decreasing.
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然而，即使能源接近成本價，
02:31
However, even as we approach cost parity,
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02:34
the majority of those who own solar
earn much more than the average American.
earn much more than the average American.
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大多數擁有太陽能的人
遠比普通的美國人富裕。
這就是為什麼我在 22 歲的時候
創立了非營利組織 RETI，
創立了非營利組織 RETI，
02:40
This is why, when I was 22,
I founded the nonprofit RETI.
I founded the nonprofit RETI.
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減輕能源負擔是我們的使命。
02:44
Our mission is to alleviate energy burdens
by working with communities,
by working with communities,
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我們與社區、公用事業、
和政府機構合作，
和政府機構合作，
02:48
utilities and government agencies alike
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去提供清潔能源、
能源效率，和能源技術。
能源效率，和能源技術。
02:51
to provide equitable access
to clean energy,
to clean energy,
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02:54
energy efficiency and energy technology.
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但是這亂象並沒有標準的解決方案。
02:57
But there's no one way to solve this.
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我相信當地社區的力量，
03:01
I believe in the power
of local communities,
of local communities,
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相信關係的轉變效應。
03:05
in the transforming effect
of relationships.
of relationships.
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03:09
So we start by working directly
with the communities
with the communities
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於是，我們直接與
能源負擔最高的社區展開合作，
能源負擔最高的社區展開合作，
03:12
that have the highest energy burdens.
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我們和社區舉辦研討會
去探討能源的缺乏，
去探討能源的缺乏，
03:14
We host workshops
and events for communities
and events for communities
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03:16
to learn about energy poverty,
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以及如何小規模地更新他們設備，
03:18
and how making even small
updates to their homes
updates to their homes
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像是更好的隔熱窗戶和熱水器，
03:20
like better insulation for windows
and water heaters
and water heaters
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03:23
can go a long way to maximize efficiency.
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可以大大提高效率。
我們正在連接社區
以便發展社區太陽能，
以便發展社區太陽能，
03:26
We're connecting neighborhoods
to community solar
to community solar
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和帶領以社區為主導的
智能家居研究和安裝計劃，
智能家居研究和安裝計劃，
03:29
and spearheading community-led
smart home research
smart home research
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03:31
and installation programs
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以幫助家庭降低能源賬單。
03:33
to help families bring down
their energy bills.
their energy bills.
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我們甚至直接與議員合作，
03:36
We're even working directly
with elected officials,
with elected officials,
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倡導更公平的能源定價，
03:39
advocating for more equitable pricing,
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因為要使能源的平等
及可持續發展取得成功，
及可持續發展取得成功，
03:41
because to see this vision
of energy equity and resilience succeed,
of energy equity and resilience succeed,
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03:46
we have to work together sustainably.
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我們必須朝永續的方向共同努力。
美國每年花了超過 30 億
來補助能源帳單，
來補助能源帳單，
03:51
Now, the US spends
over three billion a year
over three billion a year
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03:53
on energy bill payment assistance.
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這些計劃確實對數百萬人有所幫助，
03:55
And these programs do help
millions of people,
millions of people,
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但他們只能幫助
一小部分有需要的人。
一小部分有需要的人。
03:58
but they're only able to help
a fraction of those in need.
a fraction of those in need.
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04:02
In fact,
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事實上，家庭負擔能源的能力
04:03
there is a 47-billion-dollar
home-energy affordability gap,
home-energy affordability gap,
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有將近 470 億美元的落差，
因此單靠補助是無法永續的。
04:09
so assistance alone is not sustainable.
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但透過在我們的社區
實行能源平等及提供可持續性能源，
實行能源平等及提供可持續性能源，
04:13
But by building energy equity
and resilience into our communities,
and resilience into our communities,
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04:17
we can assure fair and impartial access
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我們可以公平和公正地
獲得乾淨、可靠且實惠的能源。
04:20
to energy that is clean,
reliable and affordable.
reliable and affordable.
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按比例說，微電網技術、
清潔技術和能源效率
清潔技術和能源效率
04:23
At scale, microgrid technology,
clean technology and energy efficiency
clean technology and energy efficiency
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04:28
dramatically improve public health.
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大規模地改善了公共健康。
對於那些能源負擔高的人來說，
04:30
And for those with high energy burdens,
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它可以幫助他們省下收入的 20％，
04:33
it can help them reclaim
20 percent of their income --
20 percent of their income --
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一位拼命在維持生計的人
能夠節省收入的 20％。
能夠節省收入的 20％。
04:37
20 percent of a person's income
who's struggling to make ends meet.
who's struggling to make ends meet.
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這對他們的生活有著巨大的幫助，
04:41
This is life-changing.
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這是家庭利用節能來贊助未來的機會。
04:43
This is an opportunity
for families to use their energy savings
for families to use their energy savings
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04:48
to sponsor their future.
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我想起了我的曾祖母和她的鄰居，
04:51
I think back to my great-grandmother
and her neighbors,
and her neighbors,
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那些他們面對的困難選擇，
04:55
the impossible choices
that they had to make
that they had to make
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以及對整個社區的影響，
04:58
and the effect it had
on our whole community.
on our whole community.
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但這不僅僅與他們有關，
05:01
But this is not just about them.
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05:04
There are millions nationwide having
to make the same impossible choices today.
to make the same impossible choices today.
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全國有數百萬人
和他們一樣有著艱難的選擇。
和他們一樣有著艱難的選擇。
05:09
And I know high energy burdens
are a tremendous barrier to overcome,
are a tremendous barrier to overcome,
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我知道高能源負擔
是一個巨大的障礙，
是一個巨大的障礙，
但通過社區合作
05:14
but through relationships
with communities and technology,
with communities and technology,
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和技術，
05:18
we have the paths to overcome them.
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我們有了克服它們的途徑，
當我們這樣做時，
我們的生活將會變得更具彈性。
我們的生活將會變得更具彈性。
05:21
And when we do,
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05:23
we will all be more resilient.
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謝謝。
05:25
Thank you.
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（掌聲）
05:26
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
DeAndrea Salvador - Environmental justice advocateDeAndrea Salvador reshapes the way we use and engage with energy.
Why you should listen
DeAndrea Newman Salvador is an energy expert with a background in economics, an entrepreneur and a founder of two groundbreaking organizations, Renewable Energy Transition Initiative (RETI) and JouleScout. She works to create seamless integration of low-income families into a world of energy abundance.
Witnessing neighbors in her home state of North Carolina struggle to keep up with energy expenses, Salvador took action in 2013 and founded RETI, a nonprofit focused on helping low-income families sustainably reduce energy costs and gain access to cutting-edge technology. Through RETI, Salvador is partnering with Duke Energy (one of the nation's largest utilities) to launch a low- to moderate-income shared solar program in South Carolina. RETI also worked with the City of Charlotte to create a Smart Home Kick Start for the city's residents.
Furthering her mission to create energy equity in the new energy economy, Salvador founded JouleScout in 2018. JouleScout is a social enterprise focused on helping energy providers incentivize customers to use less energy at key times without sacrificing comfort, thereby ensuring grid reliability, fewer blackouts and more renewables on the grid with a cost savings to customers.
As a social entrepreneur and advocate, Salvador has been featured by The Atlantic, Fast Company, the BBC, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, Utility Drive and the Charlotte Observer. Her own articles are published in Pacific Standard Magazine, GOOD, The Development Set, BRIGHT Magazine and on TheWeek.com.
Salvador is a TED2018 Fellow, a recipient of the University of North Carolina at Charlotte Young Alumna of the Year Award and was recognized as one of the Charlotte Mecklenburg Black Chamber of Commerce's 30 under 30. She is a member of the Mecklenburg County Air Quality Commission and sits on the Board of Directors for Youth Empowered Solutions (YES!).
DeAndrea Salvador | Speaker | TED.com