ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Neha Narula - Currency futurist
Neha Narula is helping redefine the future of money by researching cryptocurrencies and providing clarity on how digital currencies will transform our world.

Why you should listen

Neha Narula is director of research at the Digital Currency Initiative, a part of the MIT Media Lab where she teaches courses and leads cryptocurrency and blockchain research. While completing her PhD in computer science at MIT, she built fast, scalable databases and secure software systems, and she spoke about these topics at dozens of industry and research conferences.

In a previous life, Narula helped relaunch the news aggregator Digg and was a senior software engineer at Google. There, she designed Blobstore, a system for storing and serving petabytes of immutable data, and worked on Native Client, a system for running native code securely through a browser.

More profile about the speaker
Neha Narula | Speaker | TED.com
TED@BCG Paris

Neha Narula: The future of money

Neha Narula: 未来的货币

Filmed:
2,341,669 views

当我们的买卖和支付方式改变时,会发生什么呢?也许连银行或是货币兑换机构都不需要了?那将是一个必然由加密货币(如比特币、以太币)作为主导力量的世界。我们还未处于那样的世界。但在这个生动的演讲中,数字货币研究者Neha Narula为我们描述了货币的虚构集合,也展现出一个不同视角下的未来。
- Currency futurist
Neha Narula is helping redefine the future of money by researching cryptocurrencies and providing clarity on how digital currencies will transform our world. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
I want to tell you
about the future未来 of money.
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我今天的话题是关于货币的未来
00:16
Let's start开始 with a story故事
about this culture文化
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我们先从一个20世纪早期的故事开始
00:19
that lived生活 in Micronesia密克罗尼西亚
in the early 1900s, called the Yap.
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这个故事发生在密克罗尼西亚联邦里一个叫做雅浦(Yap)的小岛上
我提到这个雅浦岛的原因是
00:23
Now, I want to tell you about the Yap
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00:25
because their form形成 of money
is really interesting有趣.
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他们使用的货币非常有趣
00:27
They use these limestone石灰石 discs光盘
called Rai清莱 stones石头.
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他们使用的货币是由石灰岩凿刻出来的圆盘
称为“拉伊石币”
不同于我们平时花钱的方式
00:31
Now, the Yap don't actually其实
move移动 these Rai清莱 stones石头 around
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雅浦人并不随身带着“拉伊”
00:35
or exchange交换 them the way
we do with our coins硬币,
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也不像我们这样兑换硬币
00:38
because Rai清莱 stones石头 can get
to be pretty漂亮 massive大规模的.
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因为他们的“拉伊石币”实在太重了!
00:41
The largest最大 is about four tons
and 12 feet across横过.
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最大的石币可重达4吨,直径达到3.6米
00:46
So the Yap just keep track跟踪
of who owns拥有 part部分 of what stone.
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所以雅浦人只是记录下谁拥有哪些石币的哪个部分
有一个关于雅浦岛船员的故事
00:52
There's a story故事 about these sailors水手
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00:54
that were transporting传输 a stone
across横过 the ocean海洋
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他们在运输一块石币回到岛上的途中
00:56
when they ran into some trouble麻烦
and the stone actually其实 fell下跌 in.
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遇上海难而石沉大海
当船员们回到岛上
01:01
The sailors水手 got back to the main主要 island
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把海上所发生的事告诉了大家
01:03
and they told everyone大家 what had happened发生.
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最后大家一致决定,
01:06
And everyone大家 decided决定 that, actually其实, yes,
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那些船员丢失的石币仍然是他们财产的一部分
01:08
the sailors水手 had the stone
and -- why not? -- it still counted.
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他们确实拥有过那块石币,为什么不算数呢?
即使那块石币已经沉入海底
01:13
Even though虽然 it was
at the bottom底部 of the ocean海洋,
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它仍然是雅浦经济的一部分
01:15
it was still part部分 of the Yap economy经济.
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你可能会觉得这只是一百多年前,
01:18
You might威力 think that this
was just a small culture文化
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存在于一个小岛上的经济文化
01:21
a hundred years年份 ago.
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01:23
But things like this happen发生
in the Western西 world世界 as well,
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但类似的经济文化也存在于欧洲
即使现如今,雅浦人也仍然把石币作为一种交易货币
01:26
and the Yap actually其实 still use
a form形成 of these stones石头.
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01:30
In 1932, the Bank银行 of France法国
asked the United联合的 States状态
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1932年时,法兰西银行向美国提出申请——
希望把银行中的美元兑换成黄金
01:34
to convert兑换 their holdings增持
from dollars美元 into gold.
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01:38
But it was too inconvenient不方便
to think about actually其实 shipping运输
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但想想看,
要把数额巨大的黄金运回欧洲,
这是件多么困难的事
01:42
all of that gold over to Europe欧洲.
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01:44
So instead代替, someone有人 went to where
that gold was being存在 stored存储
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最后有人想出了一个方法——
法兰西银行派出工作人员飞往美国黄金储备处
01:47
and they just labeled标记 it
as belonging属于 to France法国 now.
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把属于法国的黄金打上标记
01:52
And everyone大家 agreed同意
that France法国 owned拥有的 the gold.
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所有人都承认这些黄金是属于法国的
这就像之前提到的石灰岩石币不是吗?
01:55
It's just like those Rai清莱 stones石头.
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01:58
The point I want to make
with these two examples例子
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我提到这两个例子的原因是
02:00
is that there's nothing
inherently本质 valuable有价值
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没有东西是存在固有价值的
02:04
about a dollar美元 or a stone or a coin硬币.
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不论是美元、石头还是硬币
02:08
The only reason原因 these things
have any value
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这些东西拥有价值只是因为
02:10
is because we've我们已经 all decided决定 they should.
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我们赋予了它们价值
02:13
And because we've我们已经 decided决定 that,
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也正是因为我们这样定义,
02:15
they do.
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它们才有价值
02:17
Money is about the exchanges交流
and the transactions交易
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金钱是存在我们之间,
用于交换和交易的东西
02:21
that we have with each other.
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02:24
Money isn't anything objective目的.
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钱并不是客观具体存在的事物
02:26
It's about a collective集体 story故事
that we tell each other about value.
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它是关于价值的故事的集合
帮助我们互相了解价值
02:32
A collective集体 fiction小说.
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也是虚构的集合
02:34
And that's a really powerful强大 concept概念.
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这是一种很强大的概念
在过去二十年里
02:38
In the past过去 two decades几十年,
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02:39
we've我们已经 begun开始 to use digital数字 money.
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我们才刚开始使用数字货币
02:41
So I get paid支付 via通过 direct直接 deposit存款,
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我的工资直接存入我的储蓄账户
02:44
I pay工资 my rent出租 via通过 bank银行 transfer转让,
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我通过银行转账来支付房租、
网上缴税
02:47
I pay工资 my taxes online线上.
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每个月我薪水中的一小部分
02:49
And every一切 month,
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02:50
a small amount of money
is deducted扣除 from my paycheck薪水
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都会存入我退休账户里的互惠基金名下
02:52
and invested投资 in mutual相互 funds资金
in my retirement退休 account帐户.
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02:57
All of these interactions互动
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毫不夸张的说
02:58
are literally按照字面 just changing改变
1's and 0's on computers电脑.
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所有这些交易行为只是电脑程序中1和0的改变
03:02
There's not even anything physical物理,
like a stone or a coin硬币.
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甚至都没有像石头或者硬币那样的实实在在的物质存在
03:08
Digital数字 money makes品牌 it
so that I can pay工资 someone有人 around the world世界
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数字货币的使用
可以让遥远之外的某人在几秒之内就收到钱
03:11
in seconds.
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03:13
Now when this works作品,
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这是因为有庞大的机构来保障
03:15
it's because there are large institutions机构
underwriting保险业 every一切 1 or 0
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电脑程序里1、0之间变化的可靠性
03:20
that changes变化 on a computer电脑.
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03:22
And when it doesn't,
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如果不能顺利进行
03:23
it's often经常 the fault故障
of those large institutions机构.
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说明那些庞大机构们出现了故障
03:25
Or at least最小, it's up to them
to fix固定 the problem问题.
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或者至少说,他们需要去解决这个问题
03:28
And a lot of times, they don't.
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但大多数时,他们并不这样做
03:30
There's a lot of friction摩擦 in the system系统.
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在这个系统中存在很多的摩擦
03:33
How long did it take
the US credit信用 card companies公司
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美国信用卡公司花了多久才让芯片技术和密码得到应用?
03:36
to implement实行 chip芯片 and pin?
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我仍然有一半的信用卡不能在欧洲使用
03:38
Half my credit信用 cards
still don't work in Europe欧洲.
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这就是摩擦
03:42
That's friction摩擦.
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03:44
Transferring转移 money across横过 borders国界
and across横过 currencies货币
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跨境和跨货币汇款可是需要收取高昂的手续费的
03:48
is really expensive昂贵:
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这也是摩擦
03:50
friction摩擦.
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03:52
An entrepreneur企业家 in India印度
can set up an online线上 business商业 in minutes分钟,
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印度的企业家可以在很短的时间内建立一个网络在线业务
03:57
but it's hard for her
to get loans贷款 and to get paid支付:
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但她却很难获得贷款和付款
04:01
friction摩擦.
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另外一种摩擦
04:03
Our access访问 to digital数字 money
and our ability能力 to freely自如 transact办理
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数字货币的使用和自由交易
04:08
is being存在 held保持 captive俘虏
by these gatekeepers守门.
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被这些交换服务器们所控制
04:11
And there's a lot of impediments障碍
in the system系统 slowing减缓 things down.
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并且系统中存在很多的阻碍减缓了这流程
04:16
That's because digital数字 money
isn't really mine,
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这是因为数字货币并不像矿产
04:20
it's entries in databases数据库
that belong属于 to my bank银行,
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它只是数据库的入口
04:23
my credit信用 card company公司
or my investment投资 firm公司.
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存在于我的银行、信用卡公司或是投资公司
04:26
And these companies公司
have the right to say "no."
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而这些公司有权说“不”
04:30
If I'm a PayPal贝宝 merchant商人
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假设我是一个贝宝(PayPal:全球最大的在线支付平台)上的卖家
04:32
and PayPal贝宝 wrongly flags me for fraud舞弊,
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如果贝宝错误地把我标记为诈骗分子
04:37
that's it.
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那么我的账户便会被冻结
04:38
My account帐户 gets得到 frozen冻结的,
and I can't get paid支付.
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我也收不到付款
04:44
These institutions机构 are standing常设
in the way of innovation革新.
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这些机构急需变革
04:49
How many许多 of you use
FacebookFacebook的 photos相片, Google谷歌 Photos相片,
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你们有多少人在用脸书相册、谷歌照片、Instagram呢?
04:54
InstagramInstagram的?
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04:55
My photos相片 are everywhere到处.
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我的照片到处都是
04:58
They are on my phone电话,
they're on my laptop笔记本电脑,
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比如手机、笔记本电脑、旧手机、Dropbox
05:00
they're on my old phone电话,
they're in DropboxDropbox的.
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05:03
They're on all these different不同
websites网站 and services服务.
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从这些各种各样的网站、服务器上,
都可以找到我的照片
05:06
And most of these services服务
don't work together一起.
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但大部分的网站却没有建立互相合作
05:10
They don't inter-operate互操作.
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更不存在交互操作
05:13
And as a result结果,
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结果可想而知
05:15
my photo照片 library图书馆 is a mess食堂.
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我的相册全是乱糟糟的
05:18
The same相同 thing happens发生
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同样的情况也发生在货币控制机构
05:20
when institutions机构 control控制
the money supply供应.
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05:23
A lot of these services服务
don't inter-operate互操作,
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很多这些服务商并没有进行互相合作
05:26
and as a result结果, this blocks
what we can do with payment付款.
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这限制了我们付款行为
05:30
And it makes品牌 transaction交易 costs成本 go up.
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这也使得交易费用的上涨
05:33
So far, we've我们已经 been through通过
two phases of money.
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截至到现在,我们已经经历了两种货币形式
05:37
In an analog类似物 world世界, we had
to deal合同 with these physical物理 objects对象,
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在模拟世界里
我们不得不处理客观物品
05:41
and money moved移动 at a certain某些 speed速度 --
the speed速度 of humans人类.
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货币移动的速度也就是人们的速度
05:46
In a digital数字 world世界, money can reach达到
much farther更远 and is much faster更快,
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但在数字世界,货币可以达到更远的地方,速度也更快
05:51
but we're at the mercy怜悯
of these gatekeeper看门人 institutions机构.
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但依旧受货币机构的控制
05:55
Money only moves移动 at the speed速度 of banks银行.
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转移速度只能靠银行的速度
06:00
We're about to enter输入 a new phase of money.
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一种新的货币模式正在逐渐形成
06:03
The future未来 of money is programmable可编程的.
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未来的货币是可以程序化的
06:07
When we combine结合 software软件 and currency货币,
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当我们把软件和货币结合在一起
06:10
money becomes more
than just a static静态的 unit单元 of value,
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货币不仅仅是一种静态的价值单位
06:14
and we don't have to rely依靠
on institutions机构 for security安全.
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我们也不需要再依赖于各大机构的安全系统
06:18
In a programmable可编程的 world世界,
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在可编程的世界里
06:19
we remove去掉 humans人类
and institutions机构 from the loop循环.
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人类和机构不再参与到金钱交易的圈子里
06:24
And when this happens发生,
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当这样的情况发生后
06:25
we won't惯于 even feel like
we're transacting交易 anymore.
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我们甚至感受不到我们正在进行交易
06:29
Money will be directed针对 by software软件,
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资金将会在软件的运行指导下
06:31
and it will just safely安然 and securely安全 flow.
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安全放心地进行交易
加密货币将是货币革新的第一步
06:36
CryptocurrenciesCryptocurrencies are the first step
of this evolution演化.
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06:40
CryptocurrenciesCryptocurrencies are digital数字 money
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加密货币是一种不需要政府机构或者银行参与的数字货币
06:42
that isn't run by any government政府 or bank银行.
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06:45
It's money designed设计 to work
in a world世界 without intermediaries中介.
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是一种不需要媒介也能实现其功能的货币
06:50
Bitcoin比特币 is the most ubiquitous普及
cryptocurrencycryptocurrency,
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比特币便是一种如今最广泛应用的加密货币
06:53
but there are hundreds数以百计 of them.
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而且它有几百种存在形式
06:54
There's Ethereum复仇, Litecoin莱特币,
Stellar恒星, Dogecoin多吉币,
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比如其中一些比较流行的币种——
以太币,莱特币,恒星币,多吉币
06:58
and those are just a few少数
of the more popular流行 ones那些.
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它们也都是真实的货币
07:01
And these things are real真实 money.
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07:04
The sushi寿司 restaurant餐厅 down my street
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我住的那条街上的寿司店也可以用比特币结账
07:06
takes Bitcoin比特币.
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07:07
I have an app应用 on my phone电话
that I can use to buy购买 sashimi生鱼片.
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我可以用我手机上的一个应用程序给生鱼片付款
07:13
But it's not just for small transactions交易.
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但比特币不仅仅应用于小额付款
07:15
In March游行, there was a transaction交易
that moved移动 around 100,000 bitcoins比特币.
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今年三月份 有一笔交易高达10万比特币
07:20
That's the equivalent当量
of 40 million百万 US dollars美元.
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近似于4千万美元
07:25
CryptocurrenciesCryptocurrencies are based基于 on
a special特别 field领域 of mathematics数学
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加密货币是基于一种特殊的数学算法
07:29
called cryptography加密.
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称为密码学
07:31
Cryptography加密 is the study研究
of how to secure安全 communication通讯,
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密码学是一门关于保障通信安全的学科
07:34
and it's about two
really important重要 things:
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其中有两件特别重要的事——
07:37
masking掩蔽 information信息 so it can
be hidden in plain sight视力,
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1. 为信息加密,使之能隐藏在简单的形式下
07:41
and verifying验证 a piece
of information's信息的 source资源.
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2. 核实一小部分的信息来源
07:45
Cryptography加密 underpins巩固
so many许多 of the systems系统 around us.
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密码学是存在于我们周围很多系统的基础
07:49
And it's so powerful强大 that at times
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由于密码学是如此的有用,
07:51
the US government政府 has actually其实
classified分类 it as a weapon武器.
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美国政府甚至把它列为一种武器
07:56
During World世界 War战争 IIII,
breaking破坏 cryptosystems密码系统 like Enigma
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在二战时期,破译类似恩尼格码的密码
08:01
was critical危急 to decoding解码
enemy敌人 transmissions传输
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在解译敌方通信中起着至关重要的作用
08:04
and turning车削 the tide浪潮 of the war战争.
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甚至改变了战争的大潮
08:07
Today今天, anyone任何人 with a modern现代
web卷筒纸 browser浏览器 is running赛跑
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如今任何人都在用的浏览器
08:10
a pretty漂亮 sophisticated复杂的 cryptosystem密码系统.
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也是由一套复杂的密码系统支持运行的
08:13
It's what we use to secure安全
our interactions互动 on the Internet互联网.
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它保障了我们在使用网络、输入密码以及发送金融信息的安全性
08:17
It's what makes品牌 it safe安全 for us
to type类型 our passwords密码 in
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08:20
and to send发送 financial金融
information信息 to websites网站.
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08:23
So what the banks银行 used to give us --
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那我们熟知的银行提供了什么服务呢?
08:26
trustworthy可靠 digital数字 money transfer转让 --
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——可靠的数字货币交易
08:28
we can now get with a clever聪明
application应用 of cryptography加密.
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当密码学投入使用后
这意味着我们不再需要依赖于银行去确保我们交易的安全性
08:33
And this means手段 that we don't
have to rely依靠 on the banks银行 anymore
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08:36
to secure安全 our transactions交易.
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08:38
We can do it ourselves我们自己.
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我们自己也可以保障我们的交易安全
08:40
Bitcoin比特币 is based基于 on the very same相同
idea理念 that the Yap used,
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比特币的概念和雅浦币类似
08:45
this collective集体 global全球
knowledge知识 of transfers转让.
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全球交易认知的集合
08:49
In Bitcoin比特币, I spend
by transferring转移 Bitcoin比特币,
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在比特币世界里,我花费的是比特币
08:53
and I get paid支付 when someone有人
transfers转让 Bitcoin比特币 to me.
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收入也以比特币的形式获得
08:58
Imagine想像 that we had this magic魔法 paper.
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假设这是张有魔法的纸
09:01
So the way that this paper works作品
is I can give you a sheet of it
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当我把这张纸给你后
09:05
and if you write something on it,
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你在纸上写的任何东西都会出现在我的这张纸上
09:07
it will magically神奇 appear出现
on my piece as well.
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09:10
Let's say we just give everyone大家 this paper
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假设每个人都有这张神奇的纸
09:13
and everyone大家 writes down
the transfers转让 that they're doing
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当每个人都写下他们在比特币系统里的交易
09:17
in the Bitcoin比特币 system系统.
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那每个人的纸上都会同时显示这些交易信息
09:19
All of these transfers转让 get copied复制
around to everyone大家 else's别人的 pieces of paper.
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09:23
And I can look at mine
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而我的纸上,
也会有在整个比特币系统里发生的所有交易流程
09:25
and I'll have a list名单 of all
of the transfers转让 that are happening事件
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09:29
in the entire整个 Bitcoin比特币 economy经济.
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09:31
This is actually其实 what's happening事件
with the Bitcoin比特币 blockchainblockchain,
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实际上 在比特币区块链里发生的所有交易
09:35
which哪一个 is a list名单 of all
of the transactions交易 in Bitcoin比特币.
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就是以这种方式进行
09:39
Except, it's not doneDONE through通过 paper.
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只是交易方式不是在纸上进行的
09:42
It's doneDONE through通过 computer电脑 code,
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而是在整个世界的互联网内,
09:43
running赛跑 on thousands数千
of networked联网 computers电脑
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成千上万计算机里的程序里运行
09:46
around the world世界.
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09:49
All of these computers电脑
are collectively confirming确认
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所有这些计算机都共同记录了,
09:53
who owns拥有 what Bitcoin比特币.
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谁拥有多少比特币
09:54
So the Bitcoin比特币 blockchainblockchain
is core核心 to how Bitcoin比特币 works作品.
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所以比特币区块链是比特币能顺利运行的关键
09:58
But where do bitcoins比特币 actually其实 come from?
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但这些比特币从哪儿来呢?
10:01
Well, the code is designed设计
to create创建 new Bitcoin比特币
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比特币来源于计划好的编译程序
10:05
according根据 to a schedule时间表.
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10:07
And the way that it works作品
is that to get those Bitcoin比特币,
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想要获得比特币
10:11
I have to solve解决 a puzzle难题 --
a random随机 cryptographic加密 puzzle难题.
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则必须解开谜题
一种随机密码谜题
假如我们有15个骰子
10:17
Imagine想像 that we had 15 dice骰子,
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10:19
and we were throwing投掷 these dice骰子
over and over again.
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我们不停地投掷这些骰子
10:22
Whenever每当 the dice骰子 come up all sixes乱七八糟,
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当所有的骰子都是六时,设定为我们赢
10:25
we say that we win赢得.
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10:27
This is very close to what these computers电脑
are all actually其实 doing.
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这近似于所有计算机的工作模式
10:30
They're trying over and over again
to land土地 on the right number.
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计算机不停地进行运算
以得到正确的数字
10:34
And when they do,
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当正确的数字被计算出来,
10:36
we say that they've他们已经 solved解决了 the puzzle难题.
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我们说我们解开了“谜题”
10:39
The computer电脑 that solves解决了 the puzzle难题
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解开了谜题的计算机便把结果发布到互联网上
10:42
publishes发布 its solution
to the rest休息 of the network网络
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并获得新的比特币作为奖励
10:44
and collects收集 its reward奖励: new bitcoins比特币.
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10:48
And in the act法案 of solving this puzzle难题,
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在解开谜题的过程中
10:51
these computers电脑 are actually其实
helping帮助 to secure安全 the Bitcoin比特币 blockchainblockchain
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这些计算机也在逐渐加强比特币区块链的安全性
10:55
and add to the list名单 of transactions交易.
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并把它添加入交易列表中
10:57
There are actually其实 people
all over the world世界 running赛跑 this software软件,
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而在全球范围内 确实有人运行这样的程序
11:03
and we call them Bitcoin比特币 miners矿工.
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他们被称之为比特币矿工
11:06
Anyone任何人 can become成为 a Bitcoin比特币 miner矿工.
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每个人都能成为比特币矿工
11:09
You can go download下载 the software软件 right now
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你现在就可以从网上下载这个程序
11:12
and run it in your computer电脑
and try to collect搜集 some bitcoins比特币.
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在计算机上运行来赚取比特币
11:16
I can't say that I would recommend推荐 it,
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但我并不建议大家这样做
11:18
because right now, the puzzle难题 is so hard
and the network网络 is so powerful强大,
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因为现在随着谜题越来越难,
而互联网又是如此的强大
11:23
that if I tried试着 to mine
Bitcoin比特币 on my laptop笔记本电脑,
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我曾经试过用我自己的电脑挖取比特币
11:26
I probably大概 wouldn't不会 see any
for about two million百万 years年份.
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但我想我要在两百万年后才能挖到一个比特币
11:30
The miners矿工, professional专业的 miners矿工,
use this special特别 hardware硬件
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特殊的硬件被设计出来
以满足专业的“矿工”需求
11:34
that's designed设计 to solve解决
the puzzle难题 really fast快速.
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因为它们可以提供非常快的计算能力
11:37
Now, the Bitcoin比特币 network网络
and all of this special特别 hardware硬件,
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据估计,现如今比特币网络以及所有的专用硬件所消耗的总能源
11:41
there are estimates估计
that the amount of energy能源 it uses使用
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接近于一个小国家所使用的能源
11:44
is equivalent当量 to that of a small country国家.
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11:48
So, the first set of cryptocurrenciescryptocurrencies
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第一代加密货币的运行速度比较慢,
11:50
are a little bit slow
and a little bit cumbersome笨重.
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效率也比较低
11:54
But the next下一个 generation is going
to be so much better and so much faster更快.
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但它也在渐渐变得更快更好
11:58
CryptocurrenciesCryptocurrencies are the first step
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要想进入一个全球性程序化货币的世界
12:01
to a world世界 with a global全球
programmable可编程的 money.
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加密货币是需要迈出的第一步
12:05
And in a world世界 with programmable可编程的 money,
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在程序化货币的世界里
12:08
I can pay工资 anyone任何人 else其他 securely安全
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我可以放心的把钱支付给任何人
12:11
without having to sign标志 up
or ask permission允许,
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而不用我的签名或是得到相关机构的许可
12:15
or do a conversion转变 or worry担心
about my money getting得到 stuck卡住.
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也不需要兑换货币或者担忧上当受骗
12:20
And I can spend money around the world世界.
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我的钱在全世界范围都可以使用
12:23
This is a really amazing惊人 thing.
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这是件多棒的事呢!
12:26
It's the idea理念 of permission-less许可的少 innovation革新.
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这个想法是一个不需要授予权限的革新
12:31
The Internet互联网 caused造成
an explosion爆炸 of innovation革新,
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互联网促成了改革爆炸
12:35
because it was built内置 upon
an open打开 architecture建筑.
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因为它是建立在一个开发的空间架构
12:39
And just like the Internet互联网
changed the way we communicate通信,
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正如互联网改变了我们的交流方式
12:43
programmable可编程的 money is going
to change更改 the way we pay工资,
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程序化货币将会改变我们的支付方式,
12:46
allocate分配 and decide决定 on value.
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对价值的分配以及确定
12:49
So what kind of world世界
does programmable可编程的 money create创建?
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所以程序化货币能建立一个怎样的世界?
12:52
Imagine想像 a world世界 where I can
rent出租 out my healthcare卫生保健 data数据
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想象一下这样的世界——
我可以把我的健康数据租用给制药公司
12:56
to a pharmaceutical制药 company公司.
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12:59
They can run large-scale大规模 data数据 analysis分析
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他们能进行基于大范围的数据分析
13:01
and provide提供 me with a cryptographic加密 proof证明
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随后我将会收到一个验证密码
13:03
that shows节目 they're only using运用 my data数据
in a way that we agreed同意.
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只有通过我的验证,制药公司才有权使用我的数据
13:08
And they can pay工资 me
for what they find out.
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如果他们发现了什么有用的信息
我会获得相应的报酬
13:11
Instead代替 of signing签约 up
for streaming services服务
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2709
我们将不用先去申请流媒体服务,
然后交纳有线电视费
13:14
and getting得到 a cable电缆 bill法案,
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13:15
what if my television电视 analyzed分析
my watching观看 habits习惯
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取而代之的是,
电视程序能分析出我的喜好
13:18
and recommended推荐的 well-priced价格公道 content内容
that fit适合 within my budget预算
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推荐一个价位合适,又符合我喜好的节目目录
13:22
that I would enjoy请享用?
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1199
13:24
Imagine想像 an Internet互联网 without ads广告,
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想象一下没有任何广告的网络
13:27
because instead代替 of paying付款
with our attention注意 when we view视图 content内容,
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4007
我们不再需要关注于节目目录
13:31
we just pay工资.
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1296
我们只要付钱就可以
13:33
Interestingly有趣的是, things like micro-payments小额支付
247
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2311
有趣的是
类似微支付的方式
13:36
are actually其实 going to change更改
the way security安全 works作品 in our world世界,
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3155
能改变现在所使用的安全保障方式
13:39
because once一旦 we're better able能够
to allocate分配 value,
249
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因为一旦我们能更好的分配价值
13:42
people will use their money
and their energies能量
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3024
我们会把金钱和能源都利用在
13:45
for more constructive建设性 things.
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更加有建设性的事情上
13:47
If it cost成本 a fraction分数 of a cent一分钱
to send发送 an email电子邮件,
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2589
如果发送一封邮件需要支付零点几美分
13:50
would we still have spam垃圾邮件?
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那还会有垃圾邮件吗?
13:52
We're not at this world世界 yet然而,
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那样的世界还未到来
13:54
but it's coming未来.
255
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但很快就能实现
13:56
Right now, it's like we're in a world世界
that is seeing眼看 the first automobile汽车.
256
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4337
现在的状况就类似于当初汽车的首次亮相
14:01
The first cryptocurrencycryptocurrency,
like the first car汽车,
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2985
首次出现的加密货币就像那第一辆汽车
14:05
is slow and hard to understand理解
and hard to use.
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3727
速度慢、令人费解,也不好操作
14:10
Digital数字 money,
like the horse and carriage运输,
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2546
数字货币就像马匹和马车
14:12
works作品 pretty漂亮 well,
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现如今依旧运行得很好
14:14
and the whole整个 world世界 economy经济
is built内置 on it.
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整个世界的经济也基于数字货币
14:18
If you were the first person on your block
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2074
如果你是你们街区第一个拥有内燃发动机的汽车的人
14:20
to get a car汽车 with an internal内部
combustion燃烧 engine发动机,
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周围的邻居可能都会认为你疯了
14:23
your neighbors邻居 would probably大概
think you were crazy:
264
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2498
14:26
"Why would you want
this large, clunky笨重 machine
265
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2473
为什么你会用那样庞大笨重的机器
14:28
that breaks休息 down all the time,
that lights灯火 on fire,
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2905
还总是出现故障或者着起火来
14:31
and is still slower比较慢 than a horse?"
267
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2337
速度也不如马车快
14:34
But we all know how that story故事 turns out.
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2211
但我们都知道后面发生了什么
14:38
We're entering进入 a new era时代
of programmable可编程的 money.
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3570
我们正步入一个程序化货币的时代
14:42
And it's very exciting扣人心弦,
but it's also a little bit scary害怕.
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3051
这很振奋人心,但也有点令人惊慌
14:46
CryptocurrenciesCryptocurrencies can be used
for illegal非法 transactions交易,
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3514
加密货币也能够用于非法交易
14:50
just like cash现金 is used for crime犯罪
in the world世界 today今天.
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就像现在的现金犯罪一样
14:54
When all of our transactions交易 are online线上,
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如果我们所有的交易都在网上进行
14:56
what does that mean for surveillance监控 --
who can see what we do?
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884999
3319
谁能成为监管者呢?
15:02
Who's谁是 advantaged优势
in this new world世界 and who isn't?
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890115
3087
在那样的新世界,谁能获利,谁又不能呢?
15:05
Will I have to start开始 to pay工资 for things
that I didn't have to pay工资 for before?
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893226
3674
我需要支付一些我现在并不需要支付的项目吗?
15:09
Will we all become成为 slaves奴隶
to algorithms算法 and utility效用 functions功能?
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我们都会成为算法和应用函数的奴隶吗?
15:15
All new technology技术 comes with trade-offs权衡.
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新技术的应用都需要我们舍弃一些东西
15:18
The Internet互联网 brought us
a lot of ways方法 to waste浪费 time.
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互联网提供了各种各样浪费时间的方式
15:22
But it also greatly非常
increased增加 productivity生产率.
280
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2721
但它同时也大幅度提高了生产率
15:25
Mobile移动 phones手机 are annoying恼人的
281
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手机也有利弊
15:27
because they make me feel
like I have to stay connected连接的 to work
282
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2984
我不得不无时无刻地关注外面的状况
15:30
all the time.
283
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1155
15:31
But they also help me stay connected连接的
to friends朋友 and family家庭.
284
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但它同时也让我和家人朋友保持联系
15:35
The new sharing分享 economy经济
is going to eliminate消除 some jobs工作.
285
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4344
新的共享经济也会限制一些工种
15:40
But it's also going to create创建
new, flexible灵活 forms形式 of employment雇用.
286
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3894
但它也会建立起一个新兴灵活的雇佣形式
15:44
With programmable可编程的 money,
287
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1926
程序货币
15:46
we decouple脱钩 the need
for large, trusted信任 institutions机构
288
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打破了我们和庞大的网络安全保障机构之间的联系
15:51
from the architecture建筑 of the network网络.
289
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2293
也能推动货币革新
15:54
And this pushes innovation革新 in money
out to the edges边缘, where it belongs属于.
290
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5086
突破它的范围限制
16:00
Programmable可编程的 money democratizes民主化 money.
291
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程序货币使得货币变得民主化
16:04
And because of this,
things are going to change更改 and unfold展开
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事物甚至会以我们不能预测的方式,
16:07
in ways方法 that we can't even predict预测.
293
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1991
改变和呈现出来
16:10
Thank you.
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谢谢大家!
16:11
(Applause掌声)
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Translated by shuishui yu
Reviewed by Michael Ge 葛叔

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Neha Narula - Currency futurist
Neha Narula is helping redefine the future of money by researching cryptocurrencies and providing clarity on how digital currencies will transform our world.

Why you should listen

Neha Narula is director of research at the Digital Currency Initiative, a part of the MIT Media Lab where she teaches courses and leads cryptocurrency and blockchain research. While completing her PhD in computer science at MIT, she built fast, scalable databases and secure software systems, and she spoke about these topics at dozens of industry and research conferences.

In a previous life, Narula helped relaunch the news aggregator Digg and was a senior software engineer at Google. There, she designed Blobstore, a system for storing and serving petabytes of immutable data, and worked on Native Client, a system for running native code securely through a browser.

More profile about the speaker
Neha Narula | Speaker | TED.com