TED2017
Anthony D. Romero: This is what democracy looks like
安东尼·D·罗梅罗: 这才是民主的模样
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作为律师和美国民权同盟的负责人安东尼·D·罗梅罗（Anthony D. Romero），从一个非常独特的角度——通过观察意大利文艺复兴时期，安布罗吉奥·洛伦泽蒂于14世纪作的一幅壁画——从而了解2017年美国的政治环境，这样一幅600多岁的画又能够教会我们什么呢？答案是，很多。罗梅罗的演讲和那幅壁画一样令人惊艳。
Anthony D. Romero - Attorney, public-interest activist
Anthony D. Romero is the executive director of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). Full bio
Anthony D. Romero is the executive director of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Silicon Valley
is obsessed with disruption,
is obsessed with disruption,
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硅谷一直热衷于动乱，
00:16
but these days, the biggest disruptor
didn't come out of Silicon Valley.
didn't come out of Silicon Valley.
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但是目前，最大的动乱不是来自硅谷，
00:21
It came out of steel towns in Ohio,
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来自俄亥俄州的钢铁镇，
00:24
rural communities in Pennsylvania,
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宾西夕法利亚的农村地区，
00:27
the Panhandle in Florida.
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以及佛罗里达走廊地带。
00:31
And this last US presidential election
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而最近的一次美国大选，
是所有动乱的开端。
00:33
was the mother of all disruptions.
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00:37
Once again, politics is personal.
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政治再一次将个人卷入其中，
00:41
Millions of Americans
became activists overnight,
became activists overnight,
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数百万的美国人
一夜之间成为活动家，
一夜之间成为活动家，
巨大的人潮在极短的时间内
00:44
pouring into the streets in record numbers
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涌上街头。
00:47
in record time.
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（笑声）
00:48
(Laughter)
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00:50
The election has done
to family holiday dinners
to family holiday dinners
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这场选举给家庭聚会带来的影响
00:53
what Uber has done
to New York City's taxi system.
to New York City's taxi system.
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堪比优步对纽约出租车行业的影响。
00:57
Couples have broken up
and marriages disrupted.
and marriages disrupted.
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夫妻反目，婚姻告急。
01:02
And the election
is doing to my private life
is doing to my private life
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而这场选举对我个人生活的影响，
01:04
what Amazon is doing to shopping malls.
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正如亚马逊对购物中心的影响一样。
01:06
These days, the ACLU
is on the front lines 24/7,
is on the front lines 24/7,
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现在，美国民权同盟时刻处在最前线，
01:12
and even if I manage to sneak away
for a couple of miles on the treadmill,
for a couple of miles on the treadmill,
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即使我能抽出时间
在跑步机上跑上几英里，
在跑步机上跑上几英里，
01:17
any cardio benefit I get
is instantly obliterated
is instantly obliterated
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当我在头版上
又看到一条总统的推特时，
又看到一条总统的推特时，
01:21
when I read another presidential tweet
on the headline scroll.
on the headline scroll.
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有氧运动带来的好处
马上就被抵消掉了。
马上就被抵消掉了。
01:26
Even my secret pleasure
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甚至我研究意大利画家
的秘密乐趣，
01:28
of studying the Italian painters
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也被政治给影响了。
01:31
have been infected by politics.
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01:34
Now, I study, even stalk, the old masters.
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我的工作就是研究，
甚至追踪那些早期的绘画大师。
甚至追踪那些早期的绘画大师。
01:38
This is my desk,
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这是我的办公桌，
上面展示了一些印有
01:39
with a postcard exhibition
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著名的或不为人知的画作的明信片，
01:41
of some famous and obscure paintings
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大多数来自意大利文艺复兴时期。
01:43
mostly from the Italian Renaissance.
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01:46
Now, art used to provide me
with a necessary break
with a necessary break
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我在美国民权同盟的日常工作中
01:48
from the hurly-burly of politics
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所面对的喧嚣躁动的政治之外，
01:51
in my daily work at the ACLU,
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艺术总能给我带来一些必要的休息，
01:53
but not anymore.
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但是现在却再也不能了。
01:55
I was at the Women's March
in San Francisco
in San Francisco
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就职典礼的第二天，
01:57
the day after inauguration,
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我在旧金山女性游行的队伍中，
01:59
and the crowd was chanting,
"This is what democracy looks like."
"This is what democracy looks like."
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群众高喊“这就是民主的模样。”
02:02
"This is what democracy looks like."
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“这就是民主的模样。”
02:05
And there I was holding my sign
and my umbrella in the rain,
and my umbrella in the rain,
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我在雨中举着伞和标语，
02:09
and I flashed on an old painting
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脑中突然闪过了一张
02:13
that first captivated me many years ago.
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很多年前让我着迷的画作，
02:16
I struggled to remember
the different pieces
the different pieces
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我艰难地拼凑着
02:19
of an actual painting
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那幅描述好政府和坏政府的
02:22
of good and bad government.
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主题画作。
02:25
It was almost like the old master
was taunting me.
was taunting me.
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就像是某位绘画大师在嘲弄我，
02:28
You want to know
what democracy looks like?
what democracy looks like?
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你想知道民主的模样？
02:30
Go back and look at my frescoes.
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那就回来看看我的壁画。
02:33
And so I did.
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我照做了。
02:36
In 1339, Ambrogio Lorenzetti
finished a monumental commission
finished a monumental commission
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1339年，安布罗吉奥·洛伦泽蒂
在锡耶纳市政厅
在锡耶纳市政厅
02:41
in the governing council chamber
of Siena's Palazzo Pubblico.
of Siena's Palazzo Pubblico.
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完成了一幅不朽的作品。
02:45
It's a painting that speaks to us,
even screams to us, today.
even screams to us, today.
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那是一幅至今仍在
对我们诉说甚至呐喊的画作。
对我们诉说甚至呐喊的画作。
02:52
"Art is a lie that makes us
realize truth,"
realize truth,"
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“艺术是一种诉说真理的谎言，”
02:56
Pablo Picasso once said.
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巴勃罗·毕加索曾这样说。
02:58
And as we search for the truth
about government,
about government,
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而当我们寻找关于政府的真相时，
03:00
we should keep Ambrogio's work,
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我们应当用我们的集体意识，
03:02
not a lie but an allegory,
in our collective mind's eye.
in our collective mind's eye.
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将安布罗吉奥的画
看作一种寓言而不是谎言。
看作一种寓言而不是谎言。
03:08
During Lorenzetti's time,
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在洛伦泽蒂生活的时代，
03:10
the political legitimacy
of Italian city-states
of Italian city-states
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意大利城邦的政治合法性
03:13
was often on very shaky ground.
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经常岌岌可危。
03:15
Siena was a republic,
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锡耶纳曾经是一个共和国，
03:17
but there had been enormous unrest
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但是在这幅画作
03:19
in the two decades
leading up to the commission.
leading up to the commission.
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完成之前的二十年
一直处于巨大的动荡中。
一直处于巨大的动荡中。
03:22
Siena's political leaders,
who would literally govern
who would literally govern
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锡耶纳的政治领袖们，也就是那些
03:25
under the eyes
of these allegorical figures,
of these allegorical figures,
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将在这张画中人的眼皮底下
治理国家的人，
治理国家的人，
03:28
were Lorenzetti's intended audience.
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正是洛伦泽蒂的目标观众。
03:31
He was cataloging the obligations
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他编排出了
03:33
of the governing to the governed.
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统治者对被统治者的义务。
03:38
Now, you can spend years
studying these frescoes.
studying these frescoes.
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你可以花费数年的时间
去研究这些壁画。
去研究这些壁画。
03:41
Some scholars have.
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一些学者也这样做了。
03:43
I'm hardly an art historian,
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我称不上是一个艺术史学家，
03:45
but I am passionate about art,
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但是我对艺术充满热情，
03:48
and a work this massive can overwhelm me.
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而这么一项巨大的工作
会让我应接不暇。
会让我应接不暇。
03:50
So first, I focus on the big stuff.
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所以首先，我专注于大的方面，
03:55
This is the allegory of good government.
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这是好政府的寓言。
03:59
The majestic figure here in the middle
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中间这个庄严的人物，
04:02
is dressed in Siena's colors
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他的衣服是锡耶纳的颜色，
04:04
and he personifies the republic itself.
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他是这个共和国的化身。
04:08
Lorenzetti labels him "Commune,"
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洛伦泽蒂称他为“公社”，
04:11
and he's basically telling the Sienese
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他主要是在告诉锡耶纳人，
04:13
that they, and not a king or a tyrant,
must rule themselves.
must rule themselves.
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他们才是统治者，
而不是某个国王或暴君，
而不是某个国王或暴君，
04:19
Now, surrounding Commune are his advisors.
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在公社周围的是他的顾问。
04:25
Justice is enthroned.
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正义女神坐在王座上。
04:27
She's looking up at the figure of wisdom,
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正仰望着智慧女神，
04:31
who actually supports
her scales of justice.
her scales of justice.
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智慧女神帮她维持着正义天秤。
04:37
Concord, or Harmony,
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和谐女神，
04:39
holds a string that comes
off the scales of justice
off the scales of justice
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抓着从正义天秤上垂下来的线，
04:42
that binds her to the citizens,
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这线将她与民众连在一起，
04:44
making them all
compatriots in the republic.
compatriots in the republic.
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使他们成为共和国的同胞。
04:50
And finally we see Peace.
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最后我们来看看和平女神，
04:51
She looks chilled out,
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她看起来很放松，
04:53
like she's listening to Bob Marley.
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就像是在听鲍勃·马利演唱。
04:55
When good government rules,
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在好政府的统治下，
04:57
Peace doesn't break a sweat.
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和平女神不需要汗流夹背。
05:00
Now, these are big images and big ideas,
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这是一些大的图像和看法，
05:02
but I really love the small stuff.
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但是我很喜欢小东西。
05:05
Along another wall,
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沿着另一面墙，
05:06
Lorenzetti illustrates
the effects of good government
the effects of good government
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洛伦泽蒂用普通民众的日常生活
05:10
on the real and everyday lives
of ordinary people
of ordinary people
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加上一系列精致的小细节，
05:12
with a series of delicious little details.
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阐明了好政府的影响。
05:17
In the countryside,
the hills are landscaped and farmed.
the hills are landscaped and farmed.
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在乡村，山地都被美化并被开垦，
05:23
Crops are being sown,
hoed, reaped, milled, plowed,
hoed, reaped, milled, plowed,
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庄稼的播种、锄草、
收割、碾磨以及土地的翻耕，
收割、碾磨以及土地的翻耕，
05:27
all in one picture.
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都在同一张画图中呈现出来了。
05:31
Crops and livestock
are being brought to market.
are being brought to market.
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庄稼和牲畜被拿到市场上去，
05:35
In the city, builders raise a tower.
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在城市里，建设者们正在修建一座塔，
05:40
People attend a law lecture,
a TED Talk of the 14th century.
a TED Talk of the 14th century.
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人们正在参加一场法律讲座，
好比是14世纪的TED演讲。
好比是14世纪的TED演讲。
05:44
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
05:47
Schoolchildren play.
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学童们正在玩耍。
05:51
Tradesmen thrive.
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商人正在繁忙地交易。
05:55
Dancers larger than life dance with joy.
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高大的舞者欢乐地跳着舞。
06:00
And watching over the republic
is the winged figure Security,
is the winged figure Security,
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而在共和国上空注视着一切的
是插着翅膀的守护女神。
是插着翅膀的守护女神。
06:04
whose banner reads,
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她手上的横幅上写着，
06:06
"Everyone shall go forth
freely without fear."
freely without fear."
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“所有人都应当
毫无畏惧地自由前行。”
毫无畏惧地自由前行。”
06:11
Now, what's amazing
about these images from 800 years ago
about these images from 800 years ago
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这些800年前的场景
最奇妙的地方是，
最奇妙的地方是，
06:13
is that they're familiar to us today.
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对于今天的我们来说是很熟悉的。
06:16
We see what democracy looks like.
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我们看到了民主的面貌。
06:18
We experience the effects
of good government in our lives,
of good government in our lives,
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我们经历着好政府
给我们的生活带来的影响，
给我们的生活带来的影响，
06:22
just as Lorenzetti did in his life.
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就像洛泽蒂
在他生命中所作的画一样。
在他生命中所作的画一样。
06:26
But it is the allegory of bad government
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但是自11月9日以来
一直萦绕在我心头的
一直萦绕在我心头的
06:29
that has been haunting me
since November 9.
since November 9.
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却是一个坏政府的故事。
06:33
It's badly damaged,
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它已经被严重损毁，
06:34
but it reads like today's newspapers.
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但是读起来就像是今天的新闻。
06:37
And ruling over bad government
is not the Commune
is not the Commune
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统治坏政府的不是公社，
而是暴君。
06:40
but the Tyrant.
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06:42
He has horns, tusks, crossed eyes,
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他长着犄角、獠牙
还有一双斗鸡眼，
还有一双斗鸡眼，
06:45
braided hair.
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以及编织过的头发。
06:47
He obviously spends
a lot of time on that hair.
a lot of time on that hair.
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很显然他在头发上
花费了很多时间。
花费了很多时间。
（笑声）
06:49
(Laughter)
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06:50
Justice now lies helpless at his feet,
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正义女神无助地靠在他的脚下，
06:55
shackled.
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戴着镣铐。
06:56
Her scales have been severed.
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她的正义天秤也被切断了。
06:59
Justice is the key antagonist
to the Tyrant,
to the Tyrant,
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正义女神是暴君的主要敌手，
07:02
and she's been taken out.
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而她却出局了。
07:04
Now, surrounding the Tyrant,
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现在在暴君周围，
07:06
Lorenzetti illustrates
the vices that animate bad government.
the vices that animate bad government.
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洛伦泽蒂描绘了
控制着坏政府的恶人，
控制着坏政府的恶人，
07:11
Avarice is the old woman
clutching the strongbox
clutching the strongbox
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代表贪婪的是
一手拿着保险箱、
一手拿着保险箱、
07:15
and a fisherman's hook
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一手用鱼钩把财产钩进去
07:16
to pull in her fortune.
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的老女人。
07:21
Vainglory carries a mirror,
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虚荣心拿着一面镜子，
07:24
and Lorenzetti warns us
against narcissistic leaders
against narcissistic leaders
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洛伦洛蒂警视我们要反对那些
07:27
who are guided
by their own ego and vanity.
by their own ego and vanity.
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被自己的自负和虚荣
所迷惑的孤芳自赏的领袖。
所迷惑的孤芳自赏的领袖。
07:31
On the Tyrant's right is Cruelty.
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在暴君右边的是残酷。
07:39
Treason, half lamb, half scorpion,
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半羊半蝎的不忠，
07:42
lulls us into a false sense of security
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诱使我们进入一个安全的假象中，
07:45
and then poisons a republic.
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然后毒害一个共和国。
07:49
Fraud, with the flighty wings of a bat.
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欺骗，长着一对轻浮的蝠冀。
07:57
On the Tyrant's left, you see Division.
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在暴君的左边，是分裂。
07:59
She's dressed in Siena's colors.
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她穿着锡耶纳的颜色。
08:02
"Si" and "No" are painted on her body.
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她的身上喷着“Si"和“No"。
她用一把锯
把自己的身体锯成两半。
把自己的身体锯成两半。
08:05
She uses a carpenter's saw
to chop her body in half.
to chop her body in half.
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08:13
And Fury wields the weapons of the mob,
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暴怒挥舞着暴徒的武器，
石头和刀。
08:16
the stone and knife.
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08:23
In the remainder of the fresco,
Lorenzetti shows us
Lorenzetti shows us
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在壁画的剩余部分，
洛伦泽蒂向我们展示了
洛伦泽蒂向我们展示了
08:25
the inevitable effects of bad government.
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坏政府的必然结果。
08:28
The civic ideals celebrated
elsewhere in this room have failed us,
elsewhere in this room have failed us,
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在别处能成功实现的公民理想
在这却不尽如人意，
在这却不尽如人意，
08:31
and we see it.
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而我们也看到了这一点。
08:33
The once beautiful city
has fallen to pieces,
has fallen to pieces,
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这座曾经美丽的城市
最终支离破碎。
最终支离破碎。
08:36
the countryside barren,
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乡村荒芜了，
08:37
the farms abandoned.
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农场荒废了。
08:39
Many are in flames.
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很多东西都在燃烧。
08:42
And in the sky above
is not the winged figure Security,
is not the winged figure Security,
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天空之上不再是
长着翅膀的守护之神，
长着翅膀的守护之神，
08:45
but that of Fear, whose banner reads:
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而是恐惧，它的条幅上写着：
08:49
"None shall pass along this road
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“没有人能不怀着对死亡的恐惧，
08:52
without fear of death."
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去通过这条路。”
08:57
Now, the final image,
the most important one, really,
the most important one, really,
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最后的一幅画，
也是最重要的一幅，
也是最重要的一幅，
是洛伦泽蒂不曾画出来的，
08:59
is one that Lorenzetti did not paint.
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09:01
It is of the viewer.
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也就是看到这幅画的观众。
09:02
Today, the audience
for Lorenzetti's frescoes
for Lorenzetti's frescoes
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今天，洛伦泽蒂壁画的观众，
09:05
is not the governing but the governed,
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已经不是统治者，而是被统治者，
09:09
the individual who stands
in front of his allegories
in front of his allegories
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是那些站在他的壁画前
09:11
and walks away with insight,
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洞悉一切后又离开，
09:14
who heeds a call to action.
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并留意到它的行动号召的个体。
09:17
Lorenzetti warns us
that we must recognize the shadows
that we must recognize the shadows
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洛伦泽蒂警告我们，
贪婪、欺骗、分裂甚至暴政，
贪婪、欺骗、分裂甚至暴政，
09:20
of Avarice, Fraud, Division, even Tyranny
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正漂浮在我们的政治系统里，
09:24
when they float
across our political landscape,
across our political landscape,
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我们必须要认清这些幽灵，
09:26
especially when those shadows are cast
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特别是当这些幽灵是
由那些大声宣称
由那些大声宣称
09:29
by political leaders loudly claiming
to be the voice of good government
to be the voice of good government
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代表好政府的声音，
并承诺让美国再一次伟大
并承诺让美国再一次伟大
09:34
and promising to make America great again.
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的政治领袖们扮演的时候。
09:38
And we must act.
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我们必须行动起来。
09:41
Democracy must not be a spectator sport.
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民主不能成为
一项观赏性体育运动。
一项观赏性体育运动。
09:43
The right to protest,
the right to assemble freely,
the right to assemble freely,
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游行的权利、自由集会的权利、
向政府请愿的权利，
09:46
the right to petition one's government,
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09:48
these are not just rights.
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这些不仅仅是权利。
09:50
In the face of Avarice,
Fraud and Division,
Fraud and Division,
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在贪婪、欺骗和分裂面前，
09:52
these are obligations.
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这些都是义务。
09:54
We have to disrupt --
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我们必须打破——
09:56
(Applause)
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（掌声）
10:01
We have to disrupt our lives
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我们必须打破现有的生活，
10:03
so that we can disrupt
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这样我们才能破坏和阻止，
10:05
the amoral accretion of power
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那些可能背叛
我们的价值观的人，
我们的价值观的人，
10:08
by those who would betray our values.
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他们会通过非道德的方式
加强自己的权力。
加强自己的权力。
10:13
We and we the people
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我们和我们的人民，
10:14
must raise justice up
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必须高举正义的旗帜，
10:16
and must bring peace to our nation
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必须为我们的国家带来和平，
10:18
and must come together in concord,
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必须和谐共处，
10:21
and we have a choice.
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而这一切都取决于我们的决定。
10:23
We could either paint ourselves
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我们要么将自己画进
10:25
into the worst nightmare
of Lorenzetti's bad government,
of Lorenzetti's bad government,
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洛伦泽蒂的最糟糕的
坏政府的噩梦中，
坏政府的噩梦中，
10:29
or we can stay in the streets,
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要么站上街头，
10:32
disruptive, messy, loud.
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大声喊出我们的心声，
10:35
That is what democracy looks like.
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这才是民主的模样。
10:39
Thank you.
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谢谢。
（掌声）
10:40
(Applause)
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10:51
Chris Anderson: First of all, wow.
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克里斯·安德森：
首先，哇。
首先，哇。
10:53
Obviously, many people passionately --
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很明显，有很多充满热情的人
10:55
you spoke to many people
passionately here.
passionately here.
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听到了你刚刚的演讲。
但是我肯定这里还有另外一种人，
10:57
I'm sure there are other people here
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他们会说，特朗普是
6300万美国人民选出来的。
6300万美国人民选出来的。
10:59
who'd say, look, Trump was elected
by 63 million people.
by 63 million people.
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11:04
He's far from perfect,
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他可能不完美，
11:05
but he's trying to do
what he was elected to do.
what he was elected to do.
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但是他正在努力的
去做好这个总统。
去做好这个总统。
11:08
Shouldn't you give him a chance?
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你不应该再给他一个机会吗？
11:10
Anthony Romero:
I think we have to recognize
I think we have to recognize
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安东尼·罗梅罗：
我想我们必须分清，
我想我们必须分清，
他作为总统的合法性，
11:12
the legitimacy of him as president
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11:15
versus the legitimacy of his policies.
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跟他的政策的合法性。
11:18
And when so many of the policies
are contrary to fundamental values,
are contrary to fundamental values,
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当他的很多政策都
背离我们的基本价值观时，
背离我们的基本价值观时，
11:24
that we're all equal under the law,
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即法律面前人人平等，
11:26
that we're not judged by the color
of our skin or the religion we worship,
of our skin or the religion we worship,
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以及不能以肤色或
宗教信仰来评判我们，
宗教信仰来评判我们，
11:29
we have to contest those values
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我们必须捍卫这些价值观，
11:32
even as we recognize and honor the fact
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正如我们承认并尊重，
我们的民主
我们的民主
11:34
that our democracy rendered us a president
who is championing those values.
who is championing those values.
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给我们挑出的是一个
拥护这些价值观的总统这一事实。
拥护这些价值观的总统这一事实。
11:40
CA: And the ACLU isn't just
this force on the left, right?
this force on the left, right?
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安德森：美国民权同盟不仅仅
是左派的重要力量，对吗？
是左派的重要力量，对吗？
11:44
You're making other arguments as well.
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关于其它的问题也有争论。
11:46
AR: Well, you know,
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罗梅罗：这么说吧，
我们经常时不时地惹恼所有人。
11:49
very often we piss
everyone off at one point.
everyone off at one point.
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11:51
That's what we do.
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这就是我们所做的。
11:53
And we recently were taking stands
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我们最近在拥护确保 安·库尔特
11:55
for why Ann Coulter needs
to be able to speak at Berkeley,
to be able to speak at Berkeley,
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能够在伯克利发表演讲，以及
11:58
and why Milo has free speech rights.
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为什么麦洛拥有自由演讲的权利。
12:01
And we even wrote a blog
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我们甚至写了一篇博客，
12:02
that almost burnt the house down
among some of our members,
among some of our members,
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在我们的内部引发激烈讨论，
12:06
unfortunately,
when we talked about the fact
when we talked about the fact
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不幸的是，我们认识到，
12:08
that even Donald Trump
has free speech rights as president,
has free speech rights as president,
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作为总统，特朗普也有自由言论权，
12:12
and an effort to hold him accountable
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把他的行为
12:14
for incitement of violence
at his marches or his rallies
at his marches or his rallies
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当成暴力游行和集会的理由，
12:18
is unconstitutional and un-American.
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也是违反宪法和美国精神的。
12:22
And when you put that statement out there
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当你对外夸夸其谈，
12:24
to a very frothy base
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对抗特朗普很令你激动，
12:25
that always is very excited for you
to fight Donald Trump,
to fight Donald Trump,
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但是有人会说
“等等，这些权利所有人都有。
12:29
and then you have a new one saying,
"Wait, these rights are for everybody,
"Wait, these rights are for everybody,
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甚至我们不喜欢的总统也是。”
12:32
even the president that we don't like."
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12:34
And that's our job.
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这才是我们要做的。
12:36
(Applause)
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（掌声）
12:39
CA: Anthony, you spoke
to so many of us so powerfully.
to so many of us so powerfully.
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安德森：安东尼，
你的演讲非常有感染力。
你的演讲非常有感染力。
谢谢。
12:42
Thank you so much. Thank you.
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12:43
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Anthony D. Romero - Attorney, public-interest activistAnthony D. Romero is the executive director of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU).
Why you should listen
The ACLU is dedicated to defending liberty and individual freedom in the US -- which is an interesting mandate to have right now. Anthony Romero has headed the organization since 2001, focusing on building capacity in order to defend the laws that protect Americans' freedoms.
Under Romero's watch, the ACLU launched its national "Keep America Safe and Free" campaign to protect basic freedoms during a time of crisis; launched its unique legal challenge to the patents held by a private company on the human genes associated with breast and ovarian cancer; launched litigation and lobbying efforts to win the freedom to marry for same-sex couples; and filed the first lawsuit against President Trump’s Muslim Ban.
Anthony D. Romero | Speaker | TED.com