ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Marian Wright Edelman - Child advocate
Marian Wright Edelman fights for a level playing field for all children, so their chances to succeed don't have to depend on the lottery of birth.

Why you should listen

Marian Wright Edelman, founder and president emerita of the Children's Defense Fund (CDF), has been an advocate for disadvantaged Americans for her entire professional life. Under her leadership, CDF has become the nation's strongest voice for children and families. The CDF's "Leave No Child Behind" mission is "to ensure every child a Healthy Start, a Head Start, a Fair Start, a Safe Start, and a Moral Start in life and successful passage to adulthood with the help of caring families and communities."

Edelman, a graduate of Spelman College and Yale Law School, began her career in the mid-'60s when, as the first black woman admitted to the Mississippi Bar, she directed the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund office in Jackson, Mississippi. In 1968, she moved to Washington, DC as counsel for the Poor People's Campaign that Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. began organizing before his death. She founded the Washington Research Project, a public interest law firm and the parent body of the CDF. For two years she served as the director of the Center for Law and Education at Harvard University and in 1973 began CDF. Edelman served on the Board of Trustees of Spelman College, which she chaired from 1976 to 1987, and was the first woman elected by alumni as a member of the Yale University Corporation, on which she served from 1971 to 1977. She has received more than 100 honorary degrees and many awards, including the Albert Schweitzer Humanitarian Prize, the Heinz Award, a MacArthur Foundation Prize Fellowship, the Presidential Medal of Freedom -- the nation's highest civilian award -- and the Robert F. Kennedy Lifetime Achievement Award for her writings.

More profile about the speaker
Marian Wright Edelman | Speaker | TED.com
Pat Mitchell - Curator, connector, convener and advocate for women's leadership
Pat Mitchell is a lifelong advocate for women and girls, known for her work as a journalist, producer, television executive and curator.

Why you should listen

Pat Mitchell began her media career in print (at LOOK) and transitioned to television as opportunities opened up for women in the early 1970s. She was among the first women to anchor the news (WBZ-TV Boston) and host a morning talk show (Woman 74). She was the first woman to own, produce and host a national talk show, the Emmy-winning Woman to Woman, which also became the first television series to be placed in the archives of the Harvard-Radcliffe Schlesinger Library on the History of Women.

As the head of Ted Turner's documentary division, the programs she commissioned garnered 37 Emmys, five Peabodys and two Academy Award nominations. In 2000, she became the first woman President and CEO of the Public Broadcasting System. She led PBS through the transition to digital broadcasting, sustained government funding and added many new original series to the national schedule. As head of the Paley Center for Media in New York and Los Angeles, she guided an institution that leads discussion about the cultural, creative and social significance of media. Now as an independent consultant and curator, Mitchell advises foundations and corporations on issues of women’s empowerment and leadership development as well as media relations and governance. Mitchell is a trustee of the Skoll Foundation and Participant Media; chair of the Sundance Institute Board and Women's Media Center and a board member of the Acumen Fund.

In 2010, Mitchell launched and co-hosted the first TEDWomen and for the succeeding seven years, in partnership with the TED organization, Mitchell has curated and hosted TEDxWomen and TEDWomen conferences.

More profile about the speaker
Pat Mitchell | Speaker | TED.com
TEDWomen 2018

Marian Wright Edelman: Reflections from a lifetime fighting to end child poverty

玛丽安·怀特·埃德曼: 回顾为终结儿童贫困而奋斗的一生

Filmed:
1,353,803 views

举办一场全国范围的民权运动需要什么?在这场与TED女性大会主办者帕特·米歇尔的精彩访谈中,玛丽安·怀特·埃德曼回顾了她于1973年成立儿童防护基金的历程——从在种族隔离的美国南部长大受到的早期影响,到她与小马丁·路德·金博士共事的激进运动——并分享了越年长如何让她更激进的思考。
- Child advocate
Marian Wright Edelman fights for a level playing field for all children, so their chances to succeed don't have to depend on the lottery of birth. Full bio - Curator, connector, convener and advocate for women's leadership
Pat Mitchell is a lifelong advocate for women and girls, known for her work as a journalist, producer, television executive and curator. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
Pat Mitchell米切尔: I know you don't like
that "legend传说" business商业.
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帕特:我知道,
您不喜欢被称作“传奇”。
玛丽安: 是不喜欢。
00:15
Marian玛丽安 Wright赖特 Edelman爱德曼: I don't.
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(笑声)
00:17
(Laughter笑声)
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帕特:为何不喜欢呢,玛丽安?
00:18
PM下午: Why not, Marian玛丽安?
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因为您本身就是传奇。
00:19
Because you are somewhat有些 of a legend传说.
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这件事您已经做了很久了,
00:21
You've been doing this for a long time,
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00:24
and you're still there
as founder创办人 and president主席.
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而且作为(儿童防护基金的)
创始人和主席,您一直很活跃。
00:27
MWEMWE: Well, because my daddy raised上调 us
and my mother母亲 raised上调 us to serve服务,
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玛丽安:因为父亲、母亲
养育我们,就是为了服侍,
我们就是神仆的领头羊。
00:32
and we are servant-leaders服务领袖.
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00:34
And it is not about
external外部 things or labels标签,
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这无关于外在的东西或标签,
我觉得自己是世上最幸运的人,
00:39
and I feel like the luckiest幸运
person in the world世界
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出生于巨大需求和
大量不公正交织的年代,
00:41
having been born天生 at the intersection路口
of great needs需求 and great injustices不公正
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也存在大好机会让你
去改变这种状况。
00:45
and great opportunities机会 to change更改 them.
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00:47
So I just feel very grateful感激
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所以,我很荣幸
00:50
that I could serve服务 and make a difference区别.
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可以为他人服务、有所作为。
帕特:您说得实在是太好了。
00:52
PM下午: What a beautiful美丽 way of saying it.
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(掌声)
00:54
(Applause掌声)
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00:57
You grew成长 up in the American美国 South,
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您在美国南部长大,
00:59
and like all children孩子,
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像所有孩子一样,
01:02
a lot of who you became成为
was molded成型 by your parents父母.
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您的成长受父母的影响很大。
01:07
Tell me: What did they teach you
about movement-building移动建筑?
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能不能告诉我,在组织筹划
各种运动方面,父母教会了你什么?
玛丽安:我很幸运,
我的父母很了不起。
01:12
MWEMWE: I had extraordinary非凡 parents父母.
I was so lucky幸运.
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我的母亲是我所知的
最棒的活动组织者。
01:14
My mother母亲 was the best最好
organizer组织者 I ever knew知道.
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01:17
And she always insisted坚持,
even back then, on having her own拥有 dime十分钱.
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即使在那时,她一直坚持经济自立。
为了挣钱,她有了自己的牛奶事业,
01:21
She started开始 her dairy乳制品
so that she could have her penny一分钱,
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而这种独立的秉性
自然而然地传给了我。
01:24
and that sense of independence独立
has certainly当然 been passed通过 on to me.
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我父亲是牧师,
他俩简直是天作之合。
01:28
My daddy was a minister部长,
and they were real真实 partners伙伴.
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01:31
And my oldest最老的 sibling兄弟 is a sister妹妹,
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几个孩子中最大的是姐姐,
我最小,中间有仨哥哥。
01:35
I'm the youngest最年轻的,
and there are three boys男孩 in between之间.
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但我一直知道自己
和哥哥们一样聪明。
01:38
But I always knew知道 I was
as smart聪明 as my brothers兄弟.
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我从小就是个假小子,
01:41
I always was a tomboy假小子.
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和他们一样,我也有远大抱负。
01:43
I always had the same相同
high aspirations愿望 that they had.
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最重要的是,我们是最幸运的,
01:47
But most importantly重要的,
we were terribly可怕 blessed幸福,
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即便我们在一个
01:50
even though虽然 we were growing生长 up
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种族隔离严重的
南卡罗来纳州小镇上长大——
01:51
in a very segregated隔离
small town in South Carolina卡罗来纳州 --
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01:57
we knew知道 it was wrong错误.
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但我们知道,种族隔离是错的,
01:59
I always knew知道, from the time
I was four years年份 old,
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从四岁起,我就知道,
02:02
that I wasn't going to accept接受
being存在 put into slots插槽.
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我才不接受成为
别人游戏的筹码呢。
但父母一直认为这不取决于我们,
02:05
But Daddy and Mama妈妈 always
had the sense that it was not us,
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而取决于外面的世界,
02:10
it was the outside world世界,
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但你们有能力
在长大后去改变世界,
02:11
but you have the capacity容量
to grow增长 up to change更改 it,
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所以很早我就开始着手于这件事。
02:14
and I began开始 to do that very early on.
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02:15
But most importantly重要的,
they were the best最好 role角色 models楷模,
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但最重要的是,
父母是我最好的楷模,
因为父母这样教导我们:
如果你看到了他人的需求,
02:18
because they said: if you see a need,
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02:21
don't ask why somebody doesn't do it.
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不要问为什么没人去做,
02:22
See what you can do.
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而是看看你能做些什么。
02:24
There was no home for the aged
in our hometown家乡.
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我的家乡没有安置老人的地方,
02:26
And Reverend牧师 Reddick雷德迪克, who had what we know
now, 50 years年份 later后来, as Alzheimer's老年痴呆症,
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雷迪克牧师得了50年后的今天
才为人所知的阿尔兹海默症,
他当时开始在街头游荡。
02:31
and he began开始 to wander漫步 the streets街道.
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02:32
And so Daddy and Mama妈妈 figured想通 out
he needed需要 a place地点 to go,
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我父母觉得他需要有个去处,
02:35
so we started开始 a home for the aged.
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于是,我们成立了老人之家。
02:37
Children孩子 had to cook厨师 and clean清洁 and serve服务.
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孩子们需要做饭、
打扫并照顾老人。
那时我们都不喜欢这差事,
02:39
We didn't like it at the time,
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但这让我们明白了,
02:41
but that's how we learned学到了
that it was our obligation义务
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照顾那些无法自理的人
是我们的责任。
02:44
to take care关心 of those
who couldn't不能 take care关心 of themselves他们自己.
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我有12个领养的兄弟姐妹。
02:47
I had 12 foster培育 sisters姐妹 and brothers兄弟.
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有我们长大离家后母亲领养的,
也有我们未成年时母亲领养的。
02:52
My mother母亲 took them in after we left home,
and she took them in before we left home.
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02:56
And again, whenever每当 you see a need,
you try to fulfill履行 it.
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还是同样的原因,当他人
需要你时,你只管努力提供帮助。
03:00
God runs运行, Daddy used to say,
a full充分 employment雇用 economy经济.
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父亲常说,上帝让人人有事做。
(笑声)
03:04
(Laughter笑声)
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如果你就跟着需求走,
03:05
And so if you just follow跟随 the need,
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03:07
you will never lack缺乏 for something to do
or a real真实 purpose目的 in life.
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你一定不会觉得无所事事
或缺少生命的真正目标。
03:11
And every一切 issue问题 that the Children's儿童
Defense防御 Fund基金 works作品 on today今天
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今天儿童防护基金所做的每件事,
03:14
comes out of my childhood童年
in a very personal个人 way.
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都和我儿时的亲身经历
有着千丝万缕的联系。
03:18
Little Johnny约翰尼 Harrington哈灵顿,
who lived生活 three doors down from me,
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记得与我家三门之隔,
和祖母住在一起的
小约翰尼·哈灵顿踩钉子上了,
03:22
stepped加强 on a nail;
he lived生活 with his grandmother祖母,
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得了破伤风,虽去了医院
但打不起破伤风疫苗,
03:24
got tetanus破伤风, went to the hospital醫院,
no tetanus破伤风 shots镜头, he died死亡.
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还是死了。他才11岁。
03:29
He was 11 years年份 old.
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03:30
I remember记得 that.
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我记得很清楚。
03:31
An accident事故 in front面前 of our highway高速公路,
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还记得我们公路上
发生的一起车祸,
03:34
turns out to have been
two white白色 truck卡车 drivers司机
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事故涉及两个白人卡车司机
和一家碰巧是黑人的移民。
03:37
and a migrant农民 family家庭
that happened发生 to be black黑色.
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03:40
We all ran out to help.
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我们都跑过去帮忙,
03:42
It was in the front面前 of a church教会,
and the ambulance救护车 came来了,
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事故地在教堂前面,救护车来了,
看到白人卡车司机并没受伤、
03:45
saw that the white白色
truck卡车 drivers司机 were not injured受伤,
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03:48
saw the black黑色 migrant农民 workers工人 were,
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只是黑人移民工人受伤后,
03:51
turned转身 around and left them.
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救护车直接掉头开走了。
我永远都忘不掉那个场景。
03:53
I never forgot忘记 that.
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所以,成立儿童防护基金后,
03:55
And immunizations免疫接种
was one of the first things
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疫苗接种就是
我要做的头几件事之一,
03:57
I worked工作 on at the Children's儿童 Defense防御 Fund基金
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要确保每个孩子都能
对那些可预防的疾病免疫。
03:59
to make sure that every一切 child儿童 gets得到
immunized免疫 against反对 preventable预防的 diseases疾病.
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还有,不平等学校的事......
04:04
Unequal不等 schools学校 ...
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04:05
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
单独的黑人学校,
04:09
Separate分离 and unequal不等,
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04:10
hand-me-downs手洗 from the white白色 schools学校.
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比白人学校低一等,
东西都是白人学校用过的。
但我们家里总是会有书。
04:12
But we always had books图书 in our house.
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父亲特别爱读书,
04:14
Daddy was a great reader读者.
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他常让我每晚和他一起看书,
04:15
He used to make me
read every一切 night with him.
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我必须看15或20分钟。
04:17
I'd have to sit for 15 or 20 minutes分钟.
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一天,我把《真实的忏悔》
夹在一本《生活》杂志里,
04:19
One day I put a "True真正 Confessions自白"
inside a "Life Magazine杂志"
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04:22
and he asked me to read it out loud.
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他让我大声读出来。
此后,我再也不读
《真实的忏悔》了。
04:24
I never read a "True真正 Confessions自白" again.
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04:27
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
04:28
But they were great readers读者.
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家里人都热爱读书,
有钱的话,我们总会买书,
而不会去买第二双鞋,
04:30
We always had books图书
before we had a second第二 pair of shoes,
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这点很重要。
04:32
and that was very important重要.
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尽管我们黑人学校里有二手书,
04:34
And although虽然 we had hand-me-down手,我下来
books图书 for the black黑色 schools学校
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还有其它二手的东西,
04:37
and hand-me-down手,我下来 everythings一切,
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但我们依然很需要书。
04:38
it was a great need.
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04:40
He made制作 it clear明确 that reading
was the window窗口 to the outside world世界,
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他明确告诫我们,阅读
是通往外面世界的窗口,
04:43
and so that was a great gift礼品 from them.
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所以说,父母留给我的
巨大财富就是读书。
04:49
But the reinforced加强 lesson was that God
runs运行 a full充分 employment雇用 economy经济,
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但父母多次强调的训诫是:
上帝让人人都有事做,
只要你关注他人的需求,
04:55
and that if you just follow跟随 the need,
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04:57
you will never lack缺乏 for a purpose目的 in life,
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生活就永不会缺少目标,
05:00
and that has been so for me.
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这就是我所信奉的。
05:01
We had a very segregated隔离 small town.
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我们小镇种族隔离很严重,
05:04
I was a rebel反叛 from the time
I was four or five.
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我四五岁起就叛逆了。
05:06
I went out to a department store商店
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一天,我来到一家百货商店,
那里的饮水龙头分别
有“白人”和“黑人”标识,
05:09
and there was "white白色"
and "black黑色" water signs迹象,
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我之前没见过,也没太在意,
05:11
but I didn't know that
and didn't pay工资 much attention注意 to that,
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而且当时我和主日学校的
一位老师在一起。
05:14
and I was with one
of my Sunday星期日 school学校 teachers教师.
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我从‘白’水龙头上喝了水,
05:16
I drank out of the wrong错误 water fountain喷泉,
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她一把拽走我,
我并不知道怎么了,
05:18
and she jerked猛地 me away,
and I didn't know what had happened发生,
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然后,她解释说黑人和
白人要用不同水龙头喝水。
05:21
and then she explained解释 to me
about black黑色 and white白色 water.
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我当时并不知情,
就算知道,我也会那么做。
05:24
I didn't know that, and after that,
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05:25
I went home, took my little
wounded负伤 psyche精神 to my parents父母,
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之后,我回到家,带着幼小
受伤的心灵回到父母身旁,
告诉他们发生的一切,
问道,“我哪里错了呀?”
05:28
and told them what had happened发生,
and said, "What's wrong错误 with me?"
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他们说,“孩子,你没有错,
05:31
And they said,
"It wasn't much wrong错误 with you.
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是体制错了。”
05:34
It's what's wrong错误 with the system系统."
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之后,每到一处,我常常偷偷地
05:35
And I used to go then secretly偷偷
and switch开关 water signs迹象
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05:38
everywhere到处 I went.
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把水标换过来。
(笑声)
05:39
(Laughter笑声)
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那感觉棒极了。
05:40
And it felt so good.
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(掌声)
05:41
(Applause掌声)
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帕特:毋庸置疑,这倒是
有点像一个叛逆者的传奇,
05:44
PM下午: There is no question
that this legend传说 is a bit of a rebel反叛,
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而且叛逆已持续了很久。
05:50
and has been for a long time.
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05:52
So you started开始 your work as an attorney律师
and with the Civil国内 Rights Movement运动,
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因此您成为律师,
并参与人权运动,
05:56
and you worked工作 with Dr博士. King国王
on the original原版的 Poor较差的 People's人们 Campaign运动.
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和金博士一起从事
早期的“穷人运动”。
06:01
And then you made制作
this decision决定, 45 years年份 ago,
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然后45年前,您做出了这个决定,
为儿童发起全国性的倡议运动。
06:04
to set up a national国民 advocacy拥护
campaign运动 for children孩子.
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为何您选了这项针对
儿童的特别服务?
06:08
Why did you choose选择 that
particular特定 service服务, to children孩子?
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玛丽安:因为我在密西西比
06:13
MWEMWE: Well, because so many许多 of the things
that I saw in Mississippi密西西比州
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06:17
and across横过 the South
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和整个南方的所见所闻
都和儿童有关。
06:19
had to do with children孩子.
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在这个国家,
06:21
I saw children孩子 with bloated
bellies肚子 in this country国家
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我看到了肚子肿胀
频临饿死的孩子,
06:23
who were close to starvation饥饿,
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06:25
who were hungry饥饿,
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饥饿的孩子,
06:26
who were without clothes衣服,
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没衣服穿的孩子,
06:29
and nobody没有人 wanted to believe
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而那时没人愿意相信
06:30
that there were children孩子
who were starving挨饿,
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还有孩子挨饿,
这是个缓慢的过程。
06:33
and that's a slow process处理.
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06:35
And nobody没有人 wanted to listen.
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没有人想听。
每个来密西西比的议员,
我都对他们说,
06:37
Every一切 congressman众议员
that would come to Mississippi密西西比州,
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06:39
I'd say, "Go see," and most of them
didn't want to do anything about it.
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“自己去看看吧”,对此,
大部分人都无动于衷。
但我看到了极度的贫困。
06:43
But I saw grinding磨碎 poverty贫穷.
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06:44
The state of Mississippi密西西比州 wanted,
during voter选民 registration注册 efforts努力 --
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在选民登记的时候——
06:47
and with outside white白色 kids孩子 coming未来 in
to help black黑色 citizens公民 register寄存器 to vote投票 --
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外州的白人孩子过来
帮黑人公民登记投票——
06:51
they wanted everybody每个人 to leave离开 the state,
so they were trying to starve饿死 them out.
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密西西比州想要把黑人
全赶走,想饿死他们。
他们从原来免费提供食品,
06:55
And they switched交换的
from free自由 food餐饮 commodities商品
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变成出售要价两美元的食物券。
06:57
to food餐饮 stamps邮票 that cost成本 two dollars美元.
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人们没有收入,全国没人肯相信
06:59
People had no income收入, and nobody没有人
in America美国 wanted to believe
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2905
美国竟然有人没有任何收入,
07:02
that there was anybody任何人
in America美国 without any income收入.
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2745
而我却知道有成百上千
没有任何收入的人,
07:05
Well, I knew知道 hundreds数以百计 of them,
thousands数千 of them.
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07:07
And malnutrition营养不良
was becoming变得 a big problem问题.
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营养不良正成为一个大问题。
07:10
And so one of these days
came来了 Dr博士. King国王 down
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一天,金博士来到了南部,
07:13
on a number of things we were fighting战斗
to get the Head Start开始 program程序 --
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一起努力为“启蒙计划”——
07:16
which哪一个 the state
of Mississippi密西西比州 turned转身 down --
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已被州政府拒绝的计划——
07:19
refinanced再融资.
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再次筹款。
07:20
And he went into a center中央
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他去了一个由穷人社区运营的中心,
07:22
that the poor较差的 community社区
was running赛跑 without any help,
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该中心没有任何外界的帮助,
07:25
and he saw a teacher老师 carve雕刻 up an apple苹果
for eight or 10 children孩子,
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3794
他看到老师把一个苹果
切瓣分给8到10个孩子,
07:29
and he had to run out,
because he was in tears眼泪.
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2524
他不得不跑到外面去,
因为他已泪流满面。
07:31
He couldn't不能 believe it.
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他无法相信眼前的一切。
07:33
But only when Robert罗伯特 Kennedy肯尼迪
decided决定 he would come --
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但只有当罗伯特·肯尼迪决定过来时——
我才去解释说明“启蒙计划”,
07:37
I had gone走了 to testify作证
about the Head Start开始 program程序,
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07:39
because they were attacking进攻.
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因为他们正在攻击这个计划。
07:40
And I asked, please,
come and see yourself你自己,
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2008
我说道,请过来自己看看吧,
当你自己来看时,
07:42
and when you come and see,
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1300
07:44
see hungry饥饿 people
and see starving挨饿 children孩子.
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就会看到饥饿的人,
和快要饿死的孩子。
07:46
And they came来了, and he brought the press,
169
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1906
他们来了,罗伯特·肯尼迪
还把媒体带来了,
07:48
and that began开始 to get the movement运动 going.
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2047
自此之后,这项运动才开展起来。
07:50
But they wanted to push
all the poor较差的 people to go north
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3279
但他们想把穷人都赶到北方去,
07:54
and to get away from being存在 voters选民.
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不让他们在这个州投票。
07:56
And I'm proud骄傲 of Mike麦克风 Espy埃斯皮.
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我为麦克·艾斯比感到骄傲。
07:58
Even though虽然 he lost丢失 last night,
he'll地狱 win赢得 one of these days.
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2811
昨晚他虽然输了,
但他总有一天会赢的。
(掌声)
08:00
(Applause掌声)
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3298
08:04
But you wouldn't不会 have seen看到
such这样 grinding磨碎 poverty贫穷,
176
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4317
否则,大家就看不到
如此这般的赤贫。
1964 年,在外州年轻白人
来帮助黑人登记投票的
08:08
and the outside white白色 kids孩子
who'd谁愿意 come in to help register寄存器 voters选民
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3651
“自由之夏”运动中,
三个年轻白人因此被杀。
08:12
in the 1964 Summer夏季 Project项目
where we lost丢失 those three young年轻 men男人.
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3956
但在媒体离开后,
08:16
But once一旦 they left, the press left,
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4010
只剩下大量的需求,
08:20
and there was just massive大规模的 need,
180
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1651
08:21
and people were trying
to push the poor较差的 out.
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2230
人们想方设法要把穷人给赶走。
接下来,国家开始了“启蒙计划”,
08:24
And so, you know, Head Start开始 came来了,
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因为州政府驳回了该计划,
我们就再去申请实施。
08:26
and we applied应用的 for it,
because the state turned转身 it down.
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3167
08:29
And that's true真正 of a lot of states状态
that don't take Medicaid医疗补助 these days.
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3520
就像如今很多州不实行
美国医疗补助计划一样。
08:33
And we ran the largest最大
Head Start开始 program程序 in the nation国家,
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我们的“启蒙计划”是全国最大的,
它改变了孩子们的一生。
08:36
and it changed their lives生活.
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1356
在书中他们能看到
长得跟自己一样的孩子,
08:37
They had books图书 that had children孩子
who looked看着 like them in it,
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3127
为此,我们被攻击得体无完肤。
08:40
and we were attacked袭击 all over the place地点.
188
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1906
重点是,
08:42
But the bottom底部 line线
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1180
密西西比州从多个方面
08:43
was that Mississippi密西西比州
gave birth分娩 to the Children's儿童 Defense防御 Fund基金
190
511746
3247
08:47
in many许多 ways方法,
191
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1443
催生了儿童防护基金,
08:48
and it also occurred发生 to me that children孩子
192
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3755
让我突然想到,
孩子、预防性投资,
08:52
and preventive预防 investment投资,
193
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2114
以及避免昂贵的看护、
08:54
and avoiding避免 costly昂贵 care关心
194
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虐待与忽视儿童,
08:56
and failure失败 and neglect忽略,
195
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2497
才是更具战略性的推进方向。
08:59
was a more strategic战略 way to proceed继续.
196
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2960
09:02
And so the Children's儿童 Defense防御 Fund基金
197
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2125
因此,儿童保护基金
09:04
was born天生 out of
the Poor较差的 People's人们 Campaign运动.
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3308
是“穷人运动”的产物。
09:07
But it was pretty漂亮 clear明确
that whatever随你 you called
199
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2326
但很显然,不论你怎么称呼他们,
黑人或棕色人种的无党派选民
09:09
black黑色 independent独立 or brown棕色 independent独立
200
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1866
会逐渐减少。
09:11
was going to have
a shrinking萎缩 constituency选民.
201
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2029
谁会对两个月大的婴儿
或两岁的小孩生气?
09:13
And who can be mad at a two-month-old两月龄 baby宝宝
or at a two-year-old二十岁 toddler幼儿?
202
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4331
09:18
A lot of people can be.
203
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1699
很多人会。
09:19
They don't want to feed饲料 them,
neither也不, from what we've我们已经 seen看到.
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就我们所见,他们并不想喂养他们,
但所做的决定是正确的。
09:22
But it was the right judgment判断 to make.
205
550769
1921
09:24
And so out of the privilege特权 of serving服务
206
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1825
我有幸在“穷人运动”
担任两年的政策协调员,
09:26
as the Poor较差的 People's人们 Campaign运动
coordinator协调 for policy政策
207
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3302
09:29
for two years年份, and there were two of them,
208
557889
2001
那时我们有两位,
这场运动并非完全失败,
09:31
and it was not a failure失败,
209
559914
1287
09:33
because the seeds种子 of change更改 get planted种植的
210
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3094
因为改变的种子已被种下,
而且需要负责日常杂务的
人参与进来,并贯彻到底。
09:36
and have to have people
who are scut斯库特 workers工人 and follow跟随 up.
211
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3067
09:39
And I'm a good scut斯库特 worker工人
and a persistent一贯 person.
212
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3726
我擅长处理杂务,
而且是持之以恒的人。
09:43
And you know, as a result结果,
213
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1307
结果就是,
09:44
I would say that all those people
on food餐饮 stamps邮票 today今天
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我觉得今天所有靠食物券生活的人,
09:47
ought应该 to thank those poor较差的 people
in the mud in Resurrection复活 City.
215
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3057
都该感谢那些在复活城
泥泞中示威游行的穷人。
但那需要很多缜密的后续工作——
并且这些细致的工作会持续下去。
09:50
But it takes a lot of follow-up跟进,
detailed详细 work -- and never going away.
216
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3910
09:54
PM下午: And you've been doing it for 45 years年份,
217
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2358
帕特:你做这事已有45年,
09:56
and you've seen看到 some amazing惊人 outcomes结果.
218
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3498
你也看到了一些惊人的成果。
10:00
What are you proudest最值得骄傲的 of
out of the Children's儿童 Defense防御 Fund基金?
219
588404
3889
对于儿童防护基金,
你最引以为傲的是什么?
10:05
MWEMWE: Well, I think the children孩子 now
have sort分类 of become成为 a mainstream主流 issue问题.
220
593976
3912
玛丽安:我认为现在儿童
已成为主流议题了。
10:09
We have got lots of new laws法律.
221
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4206
我们有了许多新的法律,
10:14
Millions百万 of children孩子 are getting得到 food餐饮.
222
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2783
数百万计的孩子有食物吃,
10:17
Millions百万 of children孩子
are getting得到 a head start开始.
223
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2345
数百万计的孩子有了良好的开端。
10:19
Millions百万 of children孩子
are getting得到 Head Start开始
224
607768
2492
数百万计的孩子参与了“启蒙计划”,
10:22
and have gotten得到 a head start开始,
225
610284
2064
获得了早期教育、
10:24
and the Child儿童 Health健康
Insurance保险 Program程序, CHIP芯片,
226
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3654
儿童健康保险项目CHIP、
10:28
Medicaid医疗补助 expansions扩展 for children孩子.
227
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2242
和医疗补助儿童扩展计划。
10:30
We've我们已经 been trying to reform改革
the child儿童 welfare福利 system系统 for decades几十年.
228
618316
3126
数十年来,我们一直
致力于儿童福利系统改革,
10:33
We finally最后 got a big
breakthrough突破 this year,
229
621466
2589
今年终于有了重大突破,
10:36
and it says, be ready准备 with the proposals建议
when somebody's某人的 ready准备 to move移动,
230
624079
3334
就是说,提前准备好提案,
只等时机成熟就立刻提交,
10:39
and sometimes有时 it takes five years年份,
10 years年份, 20 years年份, but you're there.
231
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3711
有时要等5年、10年、甚至20年,
但你要坚持,等待时机来临。
10:43
I've been trying to keep children孩子
out of foster培育 care关心 and out of institutions机构
232
631172
3651
我一直致力于避免孩子
被寄养和送到福利机构,
10:46
and with their families家庭,
with preventive预防 services服务.
233
634847
2381
倡导在有预防性服务的
前提下,让孩子和家人同住。
这项提案获得了通过。
10:49
That got passed通过.
234
637252
1151
数百万计的孩子有了希望,
10:50
But there are millions百万
of children孩子 who have hope希望,
235
638427
2372
他们也享受到了早期教育。
10:52
who have access访问 to early childhood童年.
236
640823
1710
但我们的任务还没完成,
10:54
Now, we are not finished,
237
642557
1362
10:55
and we are not going to ever feel finished
238
643943
2000
我们要一直奋斗到
10:57
until直到 we end结束 child儿童 poverty贫穷
in the richest首富 nation国家 on earth地球.
239
645967
3919
这个世界上最富有的
国家不再有儿童贫困为止。
这竟然还需要我们去要求,
实在是太可笑了。
11:01
It's just ridiculous荒谬
that we have to be demanding严格 that.
240
649910
3219
(掌声)
11:05
(Applause掌声)
241
653153
4841
11:10
PM下午: And there are so many许多 of the problems问题
in spite尽管 of the successes成功,
242
658410
4262
帕特:虽然取得了成功,
但依然有许多问题,
玛丽安,感谢您正在
解决部分问题——
11:14
and thank you for going through通过
some of them, Marian玛丽安 --
243
662696
3575
自由学校,
11:18
the Freedom自由 Schools学校,
244
666295
1584
11:19
the generations of children孩子 now
245
667903
2175
现在一代代的儿童
得以参与儿童防护基金计划。
11:22
who have gone走了 through通过
Children's儿童 Defense防御 Fund基金 programs程式.
246
670102
3701
11:25
But when you look around the world世界,
247
673827
1746
但当你纵观世界,
11:27
in this country国家, the United联合的 States状态,
and in other countries国家,
248
675597
4125
在美国这个国家,
还有其他的国家里,
11:31
there are still so many许多 problems问题.
249
679746
1756
还存在着许多问题。
11:33
What worries you the most?
250
681526
2269
什么是你最担心的?
11:37
MWEMWE: What worries me is how irresponsible不负责任
we adults成年人 in power功率 have been
251
685031
4118
玛丽安:在把更健康的地球
传递给后代这件事上,
11:41
in passing通过 on a healthier健康 earth地球.
252
689173
3314
当权者的不负责任让我很担心。
11:44
And it worries me when I read
the "Bulletin公告 of Atomic原子 Scientists科学家们"
253
692511
3381
当我读《原子科学家公报》时,
(包含关于“末日时钟”的内容)
看到末日时钟还差两分钟就到午夜,
11:47
and see now that we are
two minutes分钟 from midnight午夜,
254
695916
3431
11:51
and that's gotten得到 closer接近.
255
699371
1228
说明核战一触即发,我很担心。
11:52
We have put our future未来
256
700623
2873
在这个依然充斥着暴力的世界,
我们在拿我们的未来、
11:55
and our children's儿童 future未来
and safety安全 at risk风险
257
703520
3889
孩子的未来和安全冒险。
11:59
in a world世界 that is still
too much governed治理 by violence暴力.
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12:03
We must必须 end结束 that.
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我们必须终结这种现状。
12:04
We must必须 stop investing投资 in war战争 and start开始
investing投资 in the young年轻 and in peace和平,
260
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我们必须终止在战争上投资,
转而投资年轻一代和世界和平,
我们离那一步还很远。
12:09
and we are really so far away
from doing that.
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(掌声)
12:11
(Applause掌声)
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12:13
And I don't want my grandchildren孙子
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我不想让我的孙辈们
还得从头再来为这些事抗争,
12:17
to have to fight斗争
these battles战斗 all over again,
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2217
所以我变得更激进,
12:19
and so I get more radical激进.
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12:21
The older旧的 I get, the more radical激进 I get,
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越老越激进,
12:23
because there are just some things
that we as adults成年人 have to do
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3193
因为有些事是我们大人
12:27
for the next下一个 generations.
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应该为后代做的。
看看海默女士和密西西比州
那些人的牺牲和奉献,
12:28
And I looked看着 at
the sacrifices牺牲 of Mrs太太. Hamer哈默
269
736359
2086
12:30
and all those people in Mississippi密西西比州
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1915
他们抛头颅洒热血,
12:32
who risked冒险 their lives生活
to give us a better life.
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740408
2735
我们才有今天的幸福生活。
美国必须认真对待
12:35
But the United联合的 States状态
has got to come to grips交手
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743167
2152
12:37
with its failure失败 to invest投资
in its children孩子,
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2644
自己没在孩子身上投资的问题,
这是我们国家的致命伤。
12:40
and it's the Achilles'阿基里斯 heel脚跟
of this nation国家.
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748011
3213
12:43
How can you be one of the biggest最大
economies经济 in the world世界
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3001
作为全世界最大的经济体之一,
12:46
and you let 13.2 million百万 children孩子
go live生活 in poverty贫穷,
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754273
4728
怎么能让1320万儿童活在贫困之中,
让孩子们无家可归,
12:51
and you let children孩子 go homeless无家可归
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2254
而其实你是有解决办法的?
12:53
when you've got the means手段 to do it?
278
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1747
我们得重新思考身为
这个国家人民的意义,
12:55
We've我们已经 got to rethink反思
who we are as a people,
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3458
要成为世界的榜样,
12:58
be an example for the world世界.
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1419
12:59
There should be no poverty贫穷.
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1420
不该存在贫困。
13:01
In fact事实, we want to say we're going
to end结束 poverty贫穷 in the world世界.
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769443
3069
其实,我们想说的是,
我们要终结世上的贫困。
就从美国开始。
13:04
Just start开始 at home.
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772536
1151
13:05
And we've我们已经 made制作 real真实 progress进展,
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1553
我们已经取得了实质性的进展,
13:07
but it's such这样 hard work,
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2048
但解决孩子贫困是项艰难工作,
13:09
and it's going to be our Achilles'阿基里斯 heel脚跟.
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777360
1966
这将是我们最大的弱点。
我们应该停止给百万富豪减税,
13:11
We should stop giving more tax cuts削减,
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779350
2906
13:14
sorry folks乡亲, to billionaires亿万富翁
rather than to babies婴儿
288
782280
2407
大伙儿,抱歉了,应该把钱花在婴儿
13:16
and their health健康 care关心.
289
784711
1324
和他们的卫生保健上。
13:18
We should get our priorities优先 straight直行.
290
786059
2174
我们应该把优先顺序搞清楚。
13:20
(Applause掌声)
291
788257
1001
(掌声)
给富人减税是不对的,
而且那不符合成本效益。
13:21
That's not right,
and it's not cost-effective经济有效.
292
789282
2729
13:24
And the key to this country国家 is going
to be an educated博学 child儿童 population人口,
293
792035
4032
受教育儿童的人数
才是这个国家富强的关键,
13:28
and yet然而 we've我们已经 got so many许多 children孩子
294
796091
1667
然而我们却有好多的儿童
13:29
who cannot不能 read or write
at the most basic基本 levels水平.
295
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2344
连最基本的读或写都不会。
13:32
We're investing投资 in the wrong错误 things,
296
800150
1940
我们投资失误了,
13:34
and I wouldn't不会 be upset烦乱
about anybody任何人 having one billion十亿,
297
802114
3356
只要我们没有儿童在挨饿,
只要我们没有儿童无家可归,
13:37
10 billion十亿 [US dollars美元],
298
805494
1151
13:38
if there were no hungry饥饿 children孩子,
299
806669
2237
只要我们没有儿童失学,
13:40
if there were no homeless无家可归 children孩子,
300
808930
2028
我就不会对
13:42
if there were no uneducated没有受过教育 children孩子.
301
810982
2259
那些富人感到生气。
13:45
And so it's really about
what does it mean to live生活
302
813265
2374
这其实在于我们
如何度过和主导一生。
13:47
and lead this life.
303
815663
2301
我们为什么出生在这个星球上?
13:49
Why were we put on this earth地球?
304
817988
1437
13:51
We were put on this earth地球
to make things better
305
819449
2880
就是要为了下一代
13:54
for the next下一个 generations.
306
822353
1215
把事情变得更美好。
13:55
And here we're worrying令人担忧
about climate气候 change更改
307
823592
2455
我们在担心气候变化
13:58
and global全球 warming变暖.
308
826071
1506
和全球变暖。
13:59
And we're looking at, again,
I constantly经常 cite引用 --
309
827601
2916
还有我时常提及的——
我年年关注《原子科学家公报》。
公报的末日时钟显示:
14:02
I look at that "Bulletin公告
of Atomic原子 Scientists科学家们" every一切 year.
310
830541
2925
14:05
And it says now:
"Two minutes分钟 to midnight午夜."
311
833490
2053
“离午夜还有两分钟(核战随时发生)。”
我们这些成年人疯了吗?
14:07
Are we out of our minds头脑, adults成年人,
312
835567
1574
14:09
about passing通过 on a better a world世界
to our children孩子?
313
837165
4052
难道我们不打算将
更好的世界交给后代吗?
14:13
That's what our purpose目的 is,
to leave离开 a better world世界 for everybody每个人,
314
841241
3096
这就是我们的使命,
把一个更好的世界
14:16
and the concept概念 of enough足够 for everybody每个人.
315
844361
3053
和普世观念留给所有人。
14:19
There should be
no hungry饥饿 children孩子 in this world世界
316
847438
2261
以我们拥有的财富,
这世上不应该有饥饿的儿童。
14:21
with the rich丰富 wealth财富 that we have.
317
849723
1636
我实在想不出更大的原因,
14:23
And so I can't think of a bigger cause原因,
318
851383
2258
我认为是信仰激励了我。
14:25
and I think that I'm driven驱动 by my faith信仰.
319
853665
3111
14:28
And it's been a privilege特权 to serve服务,
320
856800
2024
能够服务社会一向是我的荣幸,
14:30
but I always had the best最好
role角色 models楷模 in the world世界.
321
858848
2983
而我有世上最好的榜样——我父母。
我父亲总是说,
上帝让人人有事做,
14:33
Daddy always said God
runs运行 a full充分 employment雇用 economy经济,
322
861855
3655
14:37
and that if you just follow跟随 the need,
323
865534
2353
只要你跟着需要走,
14:39
you'll你会 never lack缺乏 for a purpose目的 in life.
324
867911
1906
就永远不会缺少人生的目标。
14:41
And I watched看着 the partnership合伙 --
because my mother母亲 was a true真正 partner伙伴.
325
869841
3311
我见证了这样的合作——
因为我母亲是位真正的伙伴。
我一直都知道,自己
至少和哥哥们一样聪明。
14:45
I always knew知道 I was
as smart聪明 as my brothers兄弟, at least最小.
326
873176
2958
14:48
And we always knew知道 that we were not
just to be about ourselves我们自己,
327
876158
4644
我们一直都知道
我们不只关心自己,
而是要服务社会。
14:52
but that we were here to serve服务.
328
880826
1943
14:54
PM下午: Well, Marian玛丽安, I want to say,
on behalf代表 of all the world's世界 children孩子,
329
882793
3413
帕特:玛丽安,
我想代表全世界的孩子,
对您说,感谢您的热忱,
14:58
thank you for your passion,
330
886230
2271
感谢您的使命和您的倡议。
15:00
your purpose目的 and your advocacy拥护.
331
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2071
15:02
(Applause掌声)
332
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5649
(掌声)
Translated by Lipeng Chen
Reviewed by Carol Wang

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ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Marian Wright Edelman - Child advocate
Marian Wright Edelman fights for a level playing field for all children, so their chances to succeed don't have to depend on the lottery of birth.

Why you should listen

Marian Wright Edelman, founder and president emerita of the Children's Defense Fund (CDF), has been an advocate for disadvantaged Americans for her entire professional life. Under her leadership, CDF has become the nation's strongest voice for children and families. The CDF's "Leave No Child Behind" mission is "to ensure every child a Healthy Start, a Head Start, a Fair Start, a Safe Start, and a Moral Start in life and successful passage to adulthood with the help of caring families and communities."

Edelman, a graduate of Spelman College and Yale Law School, began her career in the mid-'60s when, as the first black woman admitted to the Mississippi Bar, she directed the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund office in Jackson, Mississippi. In 1968, she moved to Washington, DC as counsel for the Poor People's Campaign that Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. began organizing before his death. She founded the Washington Research Project, a public interest law firm and the parent body of the CDF. For two years she served as the director of the Center for Law and Education at Harvard University and in 1973 began CDF. Edelman served on the Board of Trustees of Spelman College, which she chaired from 1976 to 1987, and was the first woman elected by alumni as a member of the Yale University Corporation, on which she served from 1971 to 1977. She has received more than 100 honorary degrees and many awards, including the Albert Schweitzer Humanitarian Prize, the Heinz Award, a MacArthur Foundation Prize Fellowship, the Presidential Medal of Freedom -- the nation's highest civilian award -- and the Robert F. Kennedy Lifetime Achievement Award for her writings.

More profile about the speaker
Marian Wright Edelman | Speaker | TED.com
Pat Mitchell - Curator, connector, convener and advocate for women's leadership
Pat Mitchell is a lifelong advocate for women and girls, known for her work as a journalist, producer, television executive and curator.

Why you should listen

Pat Mitchell began her media career in print (at LOOK) and transitioned to television as opportunities opened up for women in the early 1970s. She was among the first women to anchor the news (WBZ-TV Boston) and host a morning talk show (Woman 74). She was the first woman to own, produce and host a national talk show, the Emmy-winning Woman to Woman, which also became the first television series to be placed in the archives of the Harvard-Radcliffe Schlesinger Library on the History of Women.

As the head of Ted Turner's documentary division, the programs she commissioned garnered 37 Emmys, five Peabodys and two Academy Award nominations. In 2000, she became the first woman President and CEO of the Public Broadcasting System. She led PBS through the transition to digital broadcasting, sustained government funding and added many new original series to the national schedule. As head of the Paley Center for Media in New York and Los Angeles, she guided an institution that leads discussion about the cultural, creative and social significance of media. Now as an independent consultant and curator, Mitchell advises foundations and corporations on issues of women’s empowerment and leadership development as well as media relations and governance. Mitchell is a trustee of the Skoll Foundation and Participant Media; chair of the Sundance Institute Board and Women's Media Center and a board member of the Acumen Fund.

In 2010, Mitchell launched and co-hosted the first TEDWomen and for the succeeding seven years, in partnership with the TED organization, Mitchell has curated and hosted TEDxWomen and TEDWomen conferences.

More profile about the speaker
Pat Mitchell | Speaker | TED.com