ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Marian Wright Edelman - Child advocate
Marian Wright Edelman fights for a level playing field for all children, so their chances to succeed don't have to depend on the lottery of birth.

Why you should listen

Marian Wright Edelman, founder and president emerita of the Children's Defense Fund (CDF), has been an advocate for disadvantaged Americans for her entire professional life. Under her leadership, CDF has become the nation's strongest voice for children and families. The CDF's "Leave No Child Behind" mission is "to ensure every child a Healthy Start, a Head Start, a Fair Start, a Safe Start, and a Moral Start in life and successful passage to adulthood with the help of caring families and communities."

Edelman, a graduate of Spelman College and Yale Law School, began her career in the mid-'60s when, as the first black woman admitted to the Mississippi Bar, she directed the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund office in Jackson, Mississippi. In 1968, she moved to Washington, DC as counsel for the Poor People's Campaign that Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. began organizing before his death. She founded the Washington Research Project, a public interest law firm and the parent body of the CDF. For two years she served as the director of the Center for Law and Education at Harvard University and in 1973 began CDF. Edelman served on the Board of Trustees of Spelman College, which she chaired from 1976 to 1987, and was the first woman elected by alumni as a member of the Yale University Corporation, on which she served from 1971 to 1977. She has received more than 100 honorary degrees and many awards, including the Albert Schweitzer Humanitarian Prize, the Heinz Award, a MacArthur Foundation Prize Fellowship, the Presidential Medal of Freedom -- the nation's highest civilian award -- and the Robert F. Kennedy Lifetime Achievement Award for her writings.

More profile about the speaker
Marian Wright Edelman | Speaker | TED.com
Pat Mitchell - Curator, connector, convener and advocate for women's leadership
Pat Mitchell is a lifelong advocate for women and girls, known for her work as a journalist, producer, television executive and curator.

Why you should listen

Pat Mitchell began her media career in print (at LOOK) and transitioned to television as opportunities opened up for women in the early 1970s. She was among the first women to anchor the news (WBZ-TV Boston) and host a morning talk show (Woman 74). She was the first woman to own, produce and host a national talk show, the Emmy-winning Woman to Woman, which also became the first television series to be placed in the archives of the Harvard-Radcliffe Schlesinger Library on the History of Women.

As the head of Ted Turner's documentary division, the programs she commissioned garnered 37 Emmys, five Peabodys and two Academy Award nominations. In 2000, she became the first woman President and CEO of the Public Broadcasting System. She led PBS through the transition to digital broadcasting, sustained government funding and added many new original series to the national schedule. As head of the Paley Center for Media in New York and Los Angeles, she guided an institution that leads discussion about the cultural, creative and social significance of media. Now as an independent consultant and curator, Mitchell advises foundations and corporations on issues of women’s empowerment and leadership development as well as media relations and governance. Mitchell is a trustee of the Skoll Foundation and Participant Media; chair of the Sundance Institute Board and Women's Media Center and a board member of the Acumen Fund.

In 2010, Mitchell launched and co-hosted the first TEDWomen and for the succeeding seven years, in partnership with the TED organization, Mitchell has curated and hosted TEDxWomen and TEDWomen conferences.

More profile about the speaker
Pat Mitchell | Speaker | TED.com
TEDWomen 2018

Marian Wright Edelman: Reflections from a lifetime fighting to end child poverty

瑪麗安 · 萊特 · 埃德爾曼: 一生致力於終結孩童貧困的省思

Filmed:
1,353,803 views

組織一個全國性運動要有甚麼條件? 在這個引人入勝的對談中,TEDWomen 籌辦人帕特 · 米謝爾訪問了瑪麗安 · 萊特 · 埃德爾曼。 萊特 · 埃德爾曼回顧她在 1973 年創立兒童保護基金的歷程──從小時在種族隔離的美國南方長大所受的影響,到與金恩博士一同發起行動──並分享了為什麼她越老越激進。
- Child advocate
Marian Wright Edelman fights for a level playing field for all children, so their chances to succeed don't have to depend on the lottery of birth. Full bio - Curator, connector, convener and advocate for women's leadership
Pat Mitchell is a lifelong advocate for women and girls, known for her work as a journalist, producer, television executive and curator. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
Pat Mitchell米切爾: I know you don't like
that "legend傳說" business商業.
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帕特米謝爾:
我知道你不喜歡被稱作「傳奇」
瑪麗安萊特埃德爾曼:的確
00:15
Marian瑪麗安 Wright賴特 Edelman愛德曼: I don't.
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(笑聲)
00:17
(Laughter笑聲)
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帕:瑪麗安,為什麼不喜歡?
00:18
PM下午: Why not, Marian瑪麗安?
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00:19
Because you are somewhat有些 of a legend傳說.
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因為你算是個傳奇
這事你已經做了很久了
00:21
You've been doing this for a long time,
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你現在還是基金會的創始人和總裁
00:24
and you're still there
as founder創辦人 and president主席.
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00:27
MWEmwe: Well, because my daddy raised上調 us
and my mother母親 raised上調 us to serve服務,
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瑪:因為我的父母
教我們的就是要服務人
00:32
and we are servant-leaders服務領袖.
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我們是服務型的領導者
00:34
And it is not about
external外部 things or labels標籤,
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這不在於外在的東西或標籤
我覺得我是世界上最幸運的人
00:39
and I feel like the luckiest幸運
person in the world世界
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我出生在有極大需求
和極大不公的交叉口
00:41
having been born天生 at the intersection路口
of great needs需求 and great injustices不公正
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且有極大的機會去改變它們
00:45
and great opportunities機會 to change更改 them.
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00:47
So I just feel very grateful感激
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所以,我非常感恩
感謝我可以服務他人
讓事物有所不同
00:50
that I could serve服務 and make a difference區別.
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帕:這樣說真美
00:52
PM下午: What a beautiful美麗 way of saying it.
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00:54
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
00:57
You grew成長 up in the American美國 South,
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你在美國南方長大
和所有的孩子一樣
00:59
and like all children孩子,
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你會變成什麼樣的人
01:02
a lot of who you became成為
was molded成型 by your parents父母.
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有很大一部分是由
你的父母塑造而成
01:07
Tell me: What did they teach you
about movement-building移動建築?
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說一下
關於組織運動
他們教了你什麼?
01:12
MWEmwe: I had extraordinary非凡 parents父母.
I was so lucky幸運.
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瑪:我有非常出色的父母
我好幸運
01:14
My mother母親 was the best最好
organizer組織者 I ever knew知道.
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我母親是我見過最棒的組織者
01:17
And she always insisted堅持,
even back then, on having her own擁有 dime十分錢.
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即使在當時
她也總是堅持要有自己的錢
01:21
She started開始 her dairy乳製品
so that she could have her penny一分錢,
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她開了她自己的乳品店
自己賺錢
01:24
and that sense of independence獨立
has certainly當然 been passed通過 on to me.
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那種獨立感肯定有傳下來給我
01:28
My daddy was a minister部長,
and they were real真實 partners夥伴.
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我爸爸是牧師
他們是真搭擋
01:31
And my oldest最老的 sibling兄弟 is a sister妹妹,
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我最年長的手足是我的姐姐
01:35
I'm the youngest最年輕的,
and there are three boys男孩 in between之間.
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我是家中最小的
上面還有三個哥哥
01:38
But I always knew知道 I was
as smart聰明 as my brothers兄弟.
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但我一直都知道
我和我的哥哥們一樣聰明
01:41
I always was a tomboy假小子.
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我一直都很男孩子氣
我一直都跟他們一樣
有很高的志向
01:43
I always had the same相同
high aspirations願望 that they had.
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但,最重要的是
我們非常有福氣
01:47
But most importantly重要的,
we were terribly可怕 blessed幸福,
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即使我們成長的地方
01:50
even though雖然 we were growing生長 up
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是南卡羅蘭那州一個種族隔離
十分嚴重的小鎮 ──
01:51
in a very segregated隔離
small town in South Carolina卡羅來納州 --
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01:57
we knew知道 it was wrong錯誤.
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我們知那是錯的
我一直都知道
從四歲起我就知道
01:59
I always knew知道, from the time
I was four years年份 old,
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我不會接受被放到框框裡
02:02
that I wasn't going to accept接受
being存在 put into slots插槽.
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但爸媽一直都有個觀念
問題不在我們
02:05
But Daddy and Mama媽媽 always
had the sense that it was not us,
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問題不在我們
而在於外面的世界
02:10
it was the outside world世界,
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02:11
but you have the capacity容量
to grow增長 up to change更改 it,
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但你有機會成長
然後去改變它
而我很早就開始這麼做了
02:14
and I began開始 to do that very early on.
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02:15
But most importantly重要的,
they were the best最好 role角色 models楷模,
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但,最重要的是
他們是最好的模範
02:18
because they said: if you see a need,
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因為,他們說:
如果你看到有需要的地方
不要問為什麼沒人去幫忙
02:21
don't ask why somebody doesn't do it.
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而要看看你能做什麼
02:22
See what you can do.
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在我們的家鄉
沒有老人之家
02:24
There was no home for the aged
in our hometown家鄉.
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02:26
And Reverend牧師 Reddick雷德迪克, who had what we know
now, 50 years年份 later後來, as Alzheimer's老年癡呆症,
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雷迪克牧師得了我們在
五十年後的現在所知的阿茲海默症
02:31
and he began開始 to wander漫步 the streets街道.
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他開始在街頭遊盪
02:32
And so Daddy and Mama媽媽 figured想通 out
he needed需要 a place地點 to go,
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我父母認為他需要一個去處
02:35
so we started開始 a home for the aged.
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所以我們創立了一個老人之家
02:37
Children孩子 had to cook廚師 and clean清潔 and serve服務.
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孩子們得要煮菜、清理、服務
02:39
We didn't like it at the time,
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那時我們並不喜歡做這些
02:41
but that's how we learned學到了
that it was our obligation義務
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但我們也因此學到
我們有義務去照顧
那些不能照顧自己的人
02:44
to take care關心 of those
who couldn't不能 take care關心 of themselves他們自己.
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我有十二位養兄弟姐妹
02:47
I had 12 foster培育 sisters姐妹 and brothers兄弟.
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02:52
My mother母親 took them in after we left home,
and she took them in before we left home.
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我母親在我們離家前、
離家後收養了他們
02:56
And again, whenever每當 you see a need,
you try to fulfill履行 it.
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同樣的,當你發現有需要的地方
就試著去成就它
03:00
God runs運行, Daddy used to say,
a full充分 employment僱用 economy經濟.
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以前爸爸總會說
在上帝主導的經濟中人人都有工作
(笑聲)
03:04
(Laughter笑聲)
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所以,你只要跟著需要走
03:05
And so if you just follow跟隨 the need,
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03:07
you will never lack缺乏 for something to do
or a real真實 purpose目的 in life.
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你永遠不會沒事可做
也不缺人生目標
03:11
And every一切 issue問題 that the Children's兒童
Defense防禦 Fund基金 works作品 on today今天
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今天,兒童保護基金
所處理的每一個議題
都來自我的童年
與我息息相關
03:14
comes out of my childhood童年
in a very personal個人 way.
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住在我家旁邊第三間
房子的小強尼哈林頓
03:18
Little Johnny約翰尼 Harrington哈靈頓,
who lived生活 three doors down from me,
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03:22
stepped加強 on a nail;
he lived生活 with his grandmother祖母,
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踩到了一根釘子
他和他的祖母同住
他得了破傷風去醫院
03:24
got tetanus破傷風, went to the hospital醫院,
no tetanus破傷風 shots鏡頭, he died死亡.
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那裏卻沒有破傷風針可打
他便死了
03:29
He was 11 years年份 old.
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他才十一歲
我記得很清楚
03:30
I remember記得 that.
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03:31
An accident事故 in front面前 of our highway高速公路,
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在我們家前的公路上發生起意外
發現是有兩名白人卡車司機
03:34
turns out to have been
two white白色 truck卡車 drivers司機
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03:37
and a migrant農民 family家庭
that happened發生 to be black黑色.
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還有一個移民家庭
而他們剛好是黑人
03:40
We all ran out to help.
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我們全都跑去幫忙
03:42
It was in the front面前 of a church教會,
and the ambulance救護車 came來了,
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那是在教堂前面
救護車來了
看到白人卡車司機沒有受傷
03:45
saw that the white白色
truck卡車 drivers司機 were not injured受傷,
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看到黑人移工有受傷
03:48
saw the black黑色 migrant農民 workers工人 were,
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03:51
turned轉身 around and left them.
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便轉身離開,丟下他們
我永遠不會忘記這件事
03:53
I never forgot忘記 that.
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03:55
And immunizations免疫接種
was one of the first things
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我在兒童保護基金最先
開始的事工之一就是免疫接種
03:57
I worked工作 on at the Children's兒童 Defense防禦 Fund基金
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03:59
to make sure that every一切 child兒童 gets得到
immunized免疫 against反對 preventable預防的 diseases疾病.
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確保每個孩子
對可預防的疾病都有免疫接種
04:04
Unequal不等 schools學校 ...
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不平等的學校...
04:05
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
隔離且不平等
04:09
Separate分離 and unequal不等,
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是從白人學校傳下來的
04:10
hand-me-downs手洗 from the white白色 schools學校.
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但我們的家裡都一定有書
04:12
But we always had books圖書 in our house.
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爸爸是個很棒的讀者
04:14
Daddy was a great reader讀者.
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以前,他會要我
每晚和他一起讀書
04:15
He used to make me
read every一切 night with him.
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我得要讀 15 或 20 分鐘
04:17
I'd have to sit for 15 or 20 minutes分鐘.
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有一天,我在《生活雜誌》中
夾了一本《真情天外來》
04:19
One day I put a "True真正 Confessions自白"
inside a "Life Magazine雜誌"
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他要我大聲唸出來
04:22
and he asked me to read it out loud.
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我從此再也不讀
《真情天外來》了
04:24
I never read a "True真正 Confessions自白" again.
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04:27
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
但父母親是很棒的讀者
04:28
But they were great readers讀者.
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04:30
We always had books圖書
before we had a second第二 pair of shoes,
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我們總是先買書
然後才有第二雙鞋子
04:32
and that was very important重要.
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那非常的重要
雖然我們有黑人學校的二手書
04:34
And although雖然 we had hand-me-down手,我下來
books圖書 for the black黑色 schools學校
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還有各種二手的東西
04:37
and hand-me-down手,我下來 everythings一切,
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04:38
it was a great need.
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但我們非常地需要書
04:40
He made製作 it clear明確 that reading
was the window窗口 to the outside world世界,
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他說得很明白
閱讀是通往外面世界的一扇窗
04:43
and so that was a great gift禮品 from them.
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所以,這是他們給我的
一個很棒的禮物
04:49
But the reinforced加強 lesson was that God
runs運行 a full充分 employment僱用 economy經濟,
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但更深刻教訓則是
上帝主導的經濟中人人有工作
04:55
and that if you just follow跟隨 the need,
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你只要跟著需要走
04:57
you will never lack缺乏 for a purpose目的 in life,
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你永遠不會缺人生目標
05:00
and that has been so for me.
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對我而言這一向是如此
05:01
We had a very segregated隔離 small town.
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我們的小鎮種族隔離非常嚴重
05:04
I was a rebel反叛 from the time
I was four or five.
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我從四或五歲時就很叛逆
05:06
I went out to a department store商店
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我跑出去到一間百貨公司
05:09
and there was "white白色"
and "black黑色" water signs跡象,
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飲用水上有「白人」
和「黑人」的標誌
但我不知道,也沒有多注意
05:11
but I didn't know that
and didn't pay工資 much attention注意 to that,
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我和一位主日學校的老師同行
05:14
and I was with one
of my Sunday星期日 school學校 teachers教師.
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我喝水時用錯了飲水機
05:16
I drank out of the wrong錯誤 water fountain噴泉,
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她猛力把我拉開
我不知道發生了什麼事
05:18
and she jerked猛地 me away,
and I didn't know what had happened發生,
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然後她向我解釋
水也有分黑人用的和白人用的
05:21
and then she explained解釋 to me
about black黑色 and white白色 water.
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我之前不知道這些
05:24
I didn't know that, and after that,
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之後我回到家,帶著我那
受傷的小小心靈去找我父母
05:25
I went home, took my little
wounded負傷 psyche精神 to my parents父母,
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告訴他們發生了什麼事
並說:「我有什麼問題?」
05:28
and told them what had happened發生,
and said, "What's wrong錯誤 with me?"
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他們說:「你沒有什麼問題
有問題的是體制」
05:31
And they said,
"It wasn't much wrong錯誤 with you.
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05:34
It's what's wrong錯誤 with the system系統."
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我後來不論到哪裡
05:35
And I used to go then secretly偷偷
and switch開關 water signs跡象
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都會偷偷把飲用水的標誌對調
05:38
everywhere到處 I went.
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05:39
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
05:40
And it felt so good.
122
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那感覺真好
05:41
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
帕:毋庸置疑
這個傳奇的確有點叛逆
05:44
PM下午: There is no question
that this legend傳說 is a bit of a rebel反叛,
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6174
且從很久以前就是如此了
05:50
and has been for a long time.
125
338511
1968
你開始了律師的工作
並參與「非裔美國人民權運動」
05:52
So you started開始 your work as an attorney律師
and with the Civil國內 Rights Movement運動,
126
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4120
05:56
and you worked工作 with Dr博士. King國王
on the original原版的 Poor較差的 People's人們 Campaign運動.
127
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3977
而你和金恩博士也在
最早的「窮人運動」合作過
接著,四十五年前
06:01
And then you made製作
this decision決定, 45 years年份 ago,
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3238
06:04
to set up a national國民 advocacy擁護
campaign運動 for children孩子.
129
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你決定組織一個全國性
為孩子發聲的運動
為什麼你特別選定
這樣服務,為孩子?
06:08
Why did you choose選擇 that
particular特定 service服務, to children孩子?
130
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06:13
MWEmwe: Well, because so many許多 of the things
that I saw in Mississippi密西西比州
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瑪:嗯,因為我在密西西比州
以及南方各地看到的許多事
06:17
and across橫過 the South
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2631
06:19
had to do with children孩子.
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都和孩子有關
06:21
I saw children孩子 with bloated
bellies肚子 in this country國家
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我在這個國家看過
孩子的腹部膨脹起來
瀕臨餓死
06:23
who were close to starvation飢餓,
135
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1458
06:25
who were hungry飢餓,
136
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1553
他們很饑餓
06:26
who were without clothes衣服,
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2642
他們沒有衣服
而沒有人願意相信
06:29
and nobody沒有人 wanted to believe
138
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1404
06:30
that there were children孩子
who were starving挨餓,
139
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2390
有孩子在挨餓
那是個緩慢的過程
06:33
and that's a slow process處理.
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2269
沒有人想要聽
06:35
And nobody沒有人 wanted to listen.
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1744
06:37
Every一切 congressman眾議員
that would come to Mississippi密西西比州,
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2357
只要有國會議員來到密西西比
我就會說:「去看看」
而他們通常都不想為此做什麼
06:39
I'd say, "Go see," and most of them
didn't want to do anything about it.
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3382
但我看到完全的貧困
06:43
But I saw grinding磨碎 poverty貧窮.
144
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1475
06:44
The state of Mississippi密西西比州 wanted,
during voter選民 registration註冊 efforts努力 --
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3231
密西西比州想要 ──
那時正在幫選民登記
加上其他州的白人小孩
06:47
and with outside white白色 kids孩子 coming未來 in
to help black黑色 citizens公民 register寄存器 to vote投票 --
146
395854
3770
也來協助黑人公民登記投票
06:51
they wanted everybody每個人 to leave離開 the state,
so they were trying to starve餓死 them out.
147
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3953
他們想要每個人都離開這個州
他們想讓他們餓死
06:55
And they switched交換的
from free自由 food餐飲 commodities商品
148
403625
2096
他們出售政府提供的免費食品
要價二美元的食物券
06:57
to food餐飲 stamps郵票 that cost成本 two dollars美元.
149
405745
1959
人們沒有收入
而美國沒有人想要相信
06:59
People had no income收入, and nobody沒有人
in America美國 wanted to believe
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2905
在美國會有人沒有任何收入
07:02
that there was anybody任何人
in America美國 without any income收入.
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2745
我知道數百個、數千個沒收入的人
07:05
Well, I knew知道 hundreds數以百計 of them,
thousands數千 of them.
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2293
營養不良已成為一大問題
07:07
And malnutrition營養不良
was becoming變得 a big problem問題.
153
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2251
07:10
And so one of these days
came來了 Dr博士. King國王 down
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3327
有一天,金恩博士到了南部
07:13
on a number of things we were fighting戰鬥
to get the Head Start開始 program程序 --
155
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3507
我們在為一些事抗爭
我們要幫「啟蒙計畫」 ──
一個被州政府拒絕的計畫
07:16
which哪一個 the state
of Mississippi密西西比州 turned轉身 down --
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2174
再次籌款
07:19
refinanced再融資.
157
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1349
他進入一個由貧窮社區
在沒有協助的情況下所經營的中心
07:20
And he went into a center中央
158
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2064
07:22
that the poor較差的 community社區
was running賽跑 without any help,
159
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3032
07:25
and he saw a teacher老師 carve雕刻 up an apple蘋果
for eight or 10 children孩子,
160
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3794
他看到一位老師把一個蘋果
切瓣分給 8 到 10 個孩子
07:29
and he had to run out,
because he was in tears眼淚.
161
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2524
他必須要跑到外頭去
因為他已淚流滿面
07:31
He couldn't不能 believe it.
162
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1206
他無法置信
07:33
But only when Robert羅伯特 Kennedy肯尼迪
decided決定 he would come --
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3768
但當羅伯特甘迺迪決定要來時
我開始為「啟蒙計畫」辯護
07:37
I had gone走了 to testify作證
about the Head Start開始 program程序,
164
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07:39
because they were attacking進攻.
165
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1506
因為他們在攻擊它
07:40
And I asked, please,
come and see yourself你自己,
166
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2008
我說:拜託,請你們自己來看看
當你們來看時
07:42
and when you come and see,
167
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1300
07:44
see hungry飢餓 people
and see starving挨餓 children孩子.
168
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2464
看看饑餓的人
看看餓壞的孩子
07:46
And they came來了, and he brought the press,
169
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1906
他們來了
他帶了媒體來
07:48
and that began開始 to get the movement運動 going.
170
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2047
在那之後
這運動才開始動起來
07:50
But they wanted to push
all the poor較差的 people to go north
171
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3279
但他們想要把所有
貧窮的人推到北方去
07:54
and to get away from being存在 voters選民.
172
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2593
不要來投票
07:56
And I'm proud驕傲 of Mike麥克風 Espy埃斯皮.
173
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1334
我為麥克艾斯比感到驕傲
07:58
Even though雖然 he lost丟失 last night,
he'll地獄 win贏得 one of these days.
174
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2811
昨晚他雖然輸了
但他總有一天會贏的
08:00
(Applause掌聲)
175
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3298
(掌聲)
但,你本來並不會看到
如此完全的貧困
08:04
But you wouldn't不會 have seen看到
such這樣 grinding磨碎 poverty貧窮,
176
472236
4317
還有其他州的白人小孩
參與 1964 年的「自由之夏」計畫
08:08
and the outside white白色 kids孩子
who'd誰願意 come in to help register寄存器 voters選民
177
476577
3651
08:12
in the 1964 Summer夏季 Project項目
where we lost丟失 those three young年輕 men男人.
178
480252
3956
來協助登記投票
我們當時也失去了三個年輕人
08:16
But once一旦 they left, the press left,
179
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4010
但在他們離開後
媒體也離開了
08:20
and there was just massive大規模的 need,
180
488266
1651
只剩下非常多
需要幫助的缺口
08:21
and people were trying
to push the poor較差的 out.
181
489941
2230
大家試著要把窮人給推出去
08:24
And so, you know, Head Start開始 came來了,
182
492195
2483
所以,你知道的
「啟蒙計畫」開始實施
08:26
and we applied應用的 for it,
because the state turned轉身 it down.
183
494702
3167
我們去申請
因為州政府把它駁回
08:29
And that's true真正 of a lot of states狀態
that don't take Medicaid醫療補助 these days.
184
497893
3520
很多不接受
美國醫療保險的州都是如此
08:33
And we ran the largest最大
Head Start開始 program程序 in the nation國家,
185
501437
2620
我們做的「啟蒙計畫」
是全國最大的
08:36
and it changed their lives生活.
186
504081
1356
它改變了他們的生命
他們書裡面的孩子
長的和他們一樣
08:37
They had books圖書 that had children孩子
who looked看著 like them in it,
187
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3127
08:40
and we were attacked襲擊 all over the place地點.
188
508612
1906
而我們被攻擊得體無完膚
08:42
But the bottom底部 line
189
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1180
總之
就許多層面上來說
08:43
was that Mississippi密西西比州
gave birth分娩 to the Children's兒童 Defense防禦 Fund基金
190
511746
3247
密西西比州
讓兒童保護基金誕生了
08:47
in many許多 ways方法,
191
515017
1443
08:48
and it also occurred發生 to me that children孩子
192
516484
3755
我也出現這樣的想法:
孩子
08:52
and preventive預防 investment投資,
193
520263
2114
預防性投資
08:54
and avoiding避免 costly昂貴 care關心
194
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2153
與避免昂貴的照護、失敗和忽視
08:56
and failure失敗 and neglect忽略,
195
524578
2497
08:59
was a more strategic戰略 way to proceed繼續.
196
527099
2960
才是有助於成功邁進的方法
09:02
And so the Children's兒童 Defense防禦 Fund基金
197
530083
2125
兒童保護基金
是窮人運動的產物
09:04
was born天生 out of
the Poor較差的 People's人們 Campaign運動.
198
532232
3308
09:07
But it was pretty漂亮 clear明確
that whatever隨你 you called
199
535564
2326
但很清楚的是
不論你怎麼稱呼
09:09
black黑色 independent獨立 or brown棕色 independent獨立
200
537914
1866
叫黑人獨立也好
叫混血獨立也好
選區將會被縮小
09:11
was going to have
a shrinking萎縮 constituency選民.
201
539804
2029
09:13
And who can be mad at a two-month-old兩月齡 baby寶寶
or at a two-year-old二十歲 toddler幼兒?
202
541857
4331
誰會對兩個月大的嬰孩
或兩歲的嬰兒生氣?
09:18
A lot of people can be.
203
546212
1699
很多人會
09:19
They don't want to feed飼料 them,
neither也不, from what we've我們已經 seen看到.
204
547935
2810
就我們看
他們誰都不想餵
但那是對的決定
09:22
But it was the right judgment判斷 to make.
205
550769
1921
09:24
And so out of the privilege特權 of serving服務
206
552714
1825
我有幸在「窮人運動」
擔任兩年的政策協調員 ──
09:26
as the Poor較差的 People's人們 Campaign運動
coordinator協調 for policy政策
207
554563
3302
09:29
for two years年份, and there were two of them,
208
557889
2001
那時我們有有兩位
09:31
and it was not a failure失敗,
209
559914
1287
那運動不是個失敗
09:33
because the seeds種子 of change更改 get planted種植的
210
561225
3094
因為改變的種子已被種下
09:36
and have to have people
who are scut斯庫特 workers工人 and follow跟隨 up.
211
564343
3067
它需要有刻苦耐勞人來貫徹到底
09:39
And I'm a good scut斯庫特 worker工人
and a persistent一貫 person.
212
567434
3726
我十分的刻苦耐勞
我也是個持之以恆的人
09:43
And you know, as a result結果,
213
571184
1307
因為這樣
09:44
I would say that all those people
on food餐飲 stamps郵票 today今天
214
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2597
我覺得今天所有領食物券的人
09:47
ought應該 to thank those poor較差的 people
in the mud in Resurrection復活 City.
215
575136
3057
都該感謝那些在復活市奮鬥的窮人
09:50
But it takes a lot of follow-up跟進,
detailed詳細 work -- and never going away.
216
578217
3910
但那需要很多縝密的後續工作 ──
並且永不放棄
09:54
PM下午: And you've been doing it for 45 years年份,
217
582500
2358
帕:你做這事已有45年
09:56
and you've seen看到 some amazing驚人 outcomes結果.
218
584882
3498
你也看過一些美妙的成果
10:00
What are you proudest最值得驕傲的 of
out of the Children's兒童 Defense防禦 Fund基金?
219
588404
3889
對於兒童保護基金
你最引以為傲的是什麼?
10:05
MWEmwe: Well, I think the children孩子 now
have sort分類 of become成為 a mainstream主流 issue問題.
220
593976
3912
瑪:我想兒童在現今
大概已是個主流議題了
10:09
We have got lots of new laws法律.
221
597912
4206
我們引進了許多新法條
10:14
Millions百萬 of children孩子 are getting得到 food餐飲.
222
602592
2783
數百萬的孩子現在有食物吃
10:17
Millions百萬 of children孩子
are getting得到 a head start開始.
223
605399
2345
數百萬的孩子得受啟蒙
10:19
Millions百萬 of children孩子
are getting得到 Head Start開始
224
607768
2492
數百萬的孩子接受了「啟蒙計畫」
10:22
and have gotten得到 a head start開始,
225
610284
2064
也有了起跑優勢
10:24
and the Child兒童 Health健康
Insurance保險 Program程序, CHIP晶片,
226
612372
3654
還有兒童健保計畫
10:28
Medicaid醫療補助 expansions擴展 for children孩子.
227
616050
2242
美國醫療保險也擴及至兒童
10:30
We've我們已經 been trying to reform改革
the child兒童 welfare福利 system系統 for decades幾十年.
228
618316
3126
我們試著改造兒福系統已有數十年
10:33
We finally最後 got a big
breakthrough突破 this year,
229
621466
2589
我們在今年終於有個重大突破
10:36
and it says, be ready準備 with the proposals建議
when somebody's某人的 ready準備 to move移動,
230
624079
3334
這是「把你的提案準備好
等待有人要開始改變的時刻」
10:39
and sometimes有時 it takes five years年份,
10 years年份, 20 years年份, but you're there.
231
627437
3711
這有時要花上 5 年,10 年
或 20 年,但你做到了
10:43
I've been trying to keep children孩子
out of foster培育 care關心 and out of institutions機構
232
631172
3651
我一直試著不讓孩子
進到寄養和照顧機構中
10:46
and with their families家庭,
with preventive預防 services服務.
233
634847
2381
讓他們可以和家人同住
並提供預防性服務
這提議被通過了
10:49
That got passed通過.
234
637252
1151
數百萬的孩子有了希望
10:50
But there are millions百萬
of children孩子 who have hope希望,
235
638427
2372
他們有了早期教育
10:52
who have access訪問 to early childhood童年.
236
640823
1710
現在我們還沒有完成
10:54
Now, we are not finished,
237
642557
1362
10:55
and we are not going to ever feel finished
238
643943
2000
直到兒童貧困不再出現於
這世上最富有的國家為止
10:57
until直到 we end結束 child兒童 poverty貧窮
in the richest首富 nation國家 on earth地球.
239
645967
3919
我們都永遠都不會覺得結束
11:01
It's just ridiculous荒謬
that we have to be demanding嚴格 that.
240
649910
3219
這還要我們去要求
實在是可笑
11:05
(Applause掌聲)
241
653153
4841
(掌聲)
11:10
PM下午: And there are so many許多 of the problems問題
in spite儘管 of the successes成功,
242
658410
4262
帕:儘管有些成功
許多地問題依然存在
瑪麗安,謝謝你為我們走過這一些
11:14
and thank you for going through通過
some of them, Marian瑪麗安 --
243
662696
3575
11:18
the Freedom自由 Schools學校,
244
666295
1584
自由學校
11:19
the generations of children孩子 now
245
667903
2175
現在好幾世代的兒童
11:22
who have gone走了 through通過
Children's兒童 Defense防禦 Fund基金 programs程式.
246
670102
3701
得以參與兒童保護基金的計畫
11:25
But when you look around the world世界,
247
673827
1746
但當你看看世界
11:27
in this country國家, the United聯合的 States狀態,
and in other countries國家,
248
675597
4125
在這個國家,美國
還有其他的國家裡
11:31
there are still so many許多 problems問題.
249
679746
1756
還存在著好多問題
11:33
What worries you the most?
250
681526
2269
什麼使你最擔心?
11:37
MWEmwe: What worries me is how irresponsible不負責任
we adults成年人 in power功率 have been
251
685031
4118
瑪:在把更健康的世界
交給下一代這事上
11:41
in passing通過 on a healthier健康 earth地球.
252
689173
3314
我們有能力的大人
不負責任的態度令我擔心
11:44
And it worries me when I read
the "Bulletin公告 of Atomic原子 Scientists科學家們"
253
692511
3381
當我讀《原子科學家公報》
11:47
and see now that we are
two minutes分鐘 from midnight午夜,
254
695916
3431
然後看到我們再兩過分鐘
就要到午夜,我便很擔心
11:51
and that's gotten得到 closer接近.
255
699371
1228
這又更近了
11:52
We have put our future未來
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700623
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在這個被過多
暴力統治的世界
11:55
and our children's兒童 future未來
and safety安全 at risk風險
257
703520
3889
我們拿我們孩子的未來
和安全當賭注
11:59
in a world世界 that is still
too much governed治理 by violence暴力.
258
707433
3620
12:03
We must必須 end結束 that.
259
711077
1572
我們得終結這事
12:04
We must必須 stop investing投資 in war戰爭 and start開始
investing投資 in the young年輕 and in peace和平,
260
712673
4827
我們得停止在戰爭上投資
轉而投資年輕世代與和平
12:09
and we are really so far away
from doing that.
261
717524
2419
我們離那一步還好遠
12:11
(Applause掌聲)
262
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1072
(掌聲)
12:13
And I don't want my grandchildren孫子
263
721063
4333
我不想讓我的孫子女
還得再次為這些事來抗爭
12:17
to have to fight鬥爭
these battles戰鬥 all over again,
264
725420
2217
12:19
and so I get more radical激進.
265
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1561
所以我變得更激進
12:21
The older舊的 I get, the more radical激進 I get,
266
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我越老越激進
12:23
because there are just some things
that we as adults成年人 have to do
267
731852
3193
因為有些事是我們大人
得為下一代做的
12:27
for the next下一個 generations.
268
735069
1266
12:28
And I looked看著 at
the sacrifices犧牲 of Mrs太太. Hamer哈默
269
736359
2086
當我看到海默女士的犧牲
12:30
and all those people in Mississippi密西西比州
270
738469
1915
還有那些在密西西比州
為了要給我們更好的生活
而冒自己生命的人
12:32
who risked冒險 their lives生活
to give us a better life.
271
740408
2735
12:35
But the United聯合的 States狀態
has got to come to grips交手
272
743167
2152
美國要為未能投資
自己的兒童這事來努力
12:37
with its failure失敗 to invest投資
in its children孩子,
273
745343
2644
12:40
and it's the Achilles'阿基里斯 heel腳跟
of this nation國家.
274
748011
3213
這是我們國家的致命傷
12:43
How can you be one of the biggest最大
economies經濟 in the world世界
275
751248
3001
你身為全世界
數一數二有錢的國家
12:46
and you let 13.2 million百萬 children孩子
go live生活 in poverty貧窮,
276
754273
4728
怎麼會讓 1300 萬的孩童
活在貧困之中
12:51
and you let children孩子 go homeless無家可歸
277
759025
2254
讓孩童無家可歸
12:53
when you've got the means手段 to do it?
278
761303
1747
而其實,你是有辦法解決的
12:55
We've我們已經 got to rethink反思
who we are as a people,
279
763074
3458
我們得重新思考身為
這個國家人民的意義
12:58
be an example for the world世界.
280
766556
1419
成為世界的榜樣
12:59
There should be no poverty貧窮.
281
767999
1420
貧窮不該存在
13:01
In fact事實, we want to say we're going
to end結束 poverty貧窮 in the world世界.
282
769443
3069
其實我們要說
我們要終結世上的貧窮
13:04
Just start開始 at home.
283
772536
1151
就從美國開始
13:05
And we've我們已經 made製作 real真實 progress進展,
284
773711
1553
我們已有十足的進展
13:07
but it's such這樣 hard work,
285
775288
2048
但那實在很艱難
13:09
and it's going to be our Achilles'阿基里斯 heel腳跟.
286
777360
1966
這將是我們的弱點
13:11
We should stop giving more tax cuts削減,
287
779350
2906
我們應該停止給百萬富豪減稅
大夥兒抱歉啦
13:14
sorry folks鄉親, to billionaires億萬富翁
rather than to babies嬰兒
288
782280
2407
我們應該把錢放在嬰孩
和他們的健康照護上
13:16
and their health健康 care關心.
289
784711
1324
13:18
We should get our priorities優先 straight直行.
290
786059
2174
我們該把先後次序搞清楚
13:20
(Applause掌聲)
291
788257
1001
(掌聲)
給富人減稅是不對的
而且那不符合成本效益
13:21
That's not right,
and it's not cost-effective經濟有效.
292
789282
2729
受教育兒童的人數是這個國家關鍵
13:24
And the key to this country國家 is going
to be an educated博學 child兒童 population人口,
293
792035
4032
而我們卻有好多的孩童
13:28
and yet然而 we've我們已經 got so many許多 children孩子
294
796091
1667
無法讀或寫最基本的東西
13:29
who cannot不能 read or write
at the most basic基本 levels水平.
295
797782
2344
我們在錯誤的東西上投資
13:32
We're investing投資 in the wrong錯誤 things,
296
800150
1940
我不會對擁有十億
或一百億元的人生氣
13:34
and I wouldn't不會 be upset煩亂
about anybody任何人 having one billion十億,
297
802114
3356
13:37
10 billion十億 [US dollars美元],
298
805494
1151
13:38
if there were no hungry飢餓 children孩子,
299
806669
2237
只要我們沒有飢餓的兒童
只要我們沒有無家可歸的兒童
13:40
if there were no homeless無家可歸 children孩子,
300
808930
2028
只要我們沒有未受教育的兒童
13:42
if there were no uneducated沒有受過教育 children孩子.
301
810982
2259
這其實在於我們如何過這一生
13:45
And so it's really about
what does it mean to live生活
302
813265
2374
13:47
and lead this life.
303
815663
2301
我們為什麼被放在這地球上?
13:49
Why were we put on this earth地球?
304
817988
1437
我們之所以被放在地球上
13:51
We were put on this earth地球
to make things better
305
819449
2880
是要為下一代把事情變得更好
13:54
for the next下一個 generations.
306
822353
1215
13:55
And here we're worrying令人擔憂
about climate氣候 change更改
307
823592
2455
我們在擔心氣候變遷
13:58
and global全球 warming變暖.
308
826071
1506
和全球暖化
13:59
And we're looking at, again,
I constantly經常 cite引用 --
309
827601
2916
我們也看到,我重申──
如我時常提及的
14:02
I look at that "Bulletin公告
of Atomic原子 Scientists科學家們" every一切 year.
310
830541
2925
我每年都看《原子科學家公報》
14:05
And it says now:
"Two minutes分鐘 to midnight午夜."
311
833490
2053
它現在說:「兩分鐘到午夜」
大人們,我們瘋了嗎?
14:07
Are we out of our minds頭腦, adults成年人,
312
835567
1574
14:09
about passing通過 on a better a world世界
to our children孩子?
313
837165
4052
難道我們不要將
更好的世界交給下一代嗎?
14:13
That's what our purpose目的 is,
to leave離開 a better world世界 for everybody每個人,
314
841241
3096
我們的使命就是把一個
更好的世界留給所有的人
14:16
and the concept概念 of enough足夠 for everybody每個人.
315
844361
3053
並擁有「夠每個人用」的概念
以我們的財富
這世上不該有飢餓的兒童
14:19
There should be
no hungry飢餓 children孩子 in this world世界
316
847438
2261
14:21
with the rich豐富 wealth財富 that we have.
317
849723
1636
我想不到更大的使命
14:23
And so I can't think of a bigger cause原因,
318
851383
2258
14:25
and I think that I'm driven驅動 by my faith信仰.
319
853665
3111
我想我的信仰激勵了我
14:28
And it's been a privilege特權 to serve服務,
320
856800
2024
能夠服務一向是我的榮幸
14:30
but I always had the best最好
role角色 models楷模 in the world世界.
321
858848
2983
我總有著世上最棒的模範
爸爸總是說
上帝主導的經濟人人有工作
14:33
Daddy always said God
runs運行 a full充分 employment僱用 economy經濟,
322
861855
3655
14:37
and that if you just follow跟隨 the need,
323
865534
2353
倘若你跟著需要走
14:39
you'll你會 never lack缺乏 for a purpose目的 in life.
324
867911
1906
你永遠不會缺少人生的目標
我看見這樣的合作──
因為我母親是個真正的夥伴
14:41
And I watched看著 the partnership合夥 --
because my mother母親 was a true真正 partner夥伴.
325
869841
3311
14:45
I always knew知道 I was
as smart聰明 as my brothers兄弟, at least最小.
326
873176
2958
我一直都知道我和哥哥一樣聰明
最少
14:48
And we always knew知道 that we were not
just to be about ourselves我們自己,
327
876158
4644
我們一直都知道我們不只是關心自己
我們還要服務別人
14:52
but that we were here to serve服務.
328
880826
1943
帕:瑪麗安,謹代表全世界的孩子
14:54
PM下午: Well, Marian瑪麗安, I want to say,
on behalf代表 of all the world's世界 children孩子,
329
882793
3413
14:58
thank you for your passion,
330
886230
2271
我想說:謝謝你的熱忱
你的使命和你的發聲
15:00
your purpose目的 and your advocacy擁護.
331
888525
2071
(掌聲)
15:02
(Applause掌聲)
332
890620
5649
Translated by Sydney Fu
Reviewed by Ka Chon Fok

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ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Marian Wright Edelman - Child advocate
Marian Wright Edelman fights for a level playing field for all children, so their chances to succeed don't have to depend on the lottery of birth.

Why you should listen

Marian Wright Edelman, founder and president emerita of the Children's Defense Fund (CDF), has been an advocate for disadvantaged Americans for her entire professional life. Under her leadership, CDF has become the nation's strongest voice for children and families. The CDF's "Leave No Child Behind" mission is "to ensure every child a Healthy Start, a Head Start, a Fair Start, a Safe Start, and a Moral Start in life and successful passage to adulthood with the help of caring families and communities."

Edelman, a graduate of Spelman College and Yale Law School, began her career in the mid-'60s when, as the first black woman admitted to the Mississippi Bar, she directed the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund office in Jackson, Mississippi. In 1968, she moved to Washington, DC as counsel for the Poor People's Campaign that Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. began organizing before his death. She founded the Washington Research Project, a public interest law firm and the parent body of the CDF. For two years she served as the director of the Center for Law and Education at Harvard University and in 1973 began CDF. Edelman served on the Board of Trustees of Spelman College, which she chaired from 1976 to 1987, and was the first woman elected by alumni as a member of the Yale University Corporation, on which she served from 1971 to 1977. She has received more than 100 honorary degrees and many awards, including the Albert Schweitzer Humanitarian Prize, the Heinz Award, a MacArthur Foundation Prize Fellowship, the Presidential Medal of Freedom -- the nation's highest civilian award -- and the Robert F. Kennedy Lifetime Achievement Award for her writings.

More profile about the speaker
Marian Wright Edelman | Speaker | TED.com
Pat Mitchell - Curator, connector, convener and advocate for women's leadership
Pat Mitchell is a lifelong advocate for women and girls, known for her work as a journalist, producer, television executive and curator.

Why you should listen

Pat Mitchell began her media career in print (at LOOK) and transitioned to television as opportunities opened up for women in the early 1970s. She was among the first women to anchor the news (WBZ-TV Boston) and host a morning talk show (Woman 74). She was the first woman to own, produce and host a national talk show, the Emmy-winning Woman to Woman, which also became the first television series to be placed in the archives of the Harvard-Radcliffe Schlesinger Library on the History of Women.

As the head of Ted Turner's documentary division, the programs she commissioned garnered 37 Emmys, five Peabodys and two Academy Award nominations. In 2000, she became the first woman President and CEO of the Public Broadcasting System. She led PBS through the transition to digital broadcasting, sustained government funding and added many new original series to the national schedule. As head of the Paley Center for Media in New York and Los Angeles, she guided an institution that leads discussion about the cultural, creative and social significance of media. Now as an independent consultant and curator, Mitchell advises foundations and corporations on issues of women’s empowerment and leadership development as well as media relations and governance. Mitchell is a trustee of the Skoll Foundation and Participant Media; chair of the Sundance Institute Board and Women's Media Center and a board member of the Acumen Fund.

In 2010, Mitchell launched and co-hosted the first TEDWomen and for the succeeding seven years, in partnership with the TED organization, Mitchell has curated and hosted TEDxWomen and TEDWomen conferences.

More profile about the speaker
Pat Mitchell | Speaker | TED.com