ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Marian Wright Edelman - Child advocate
Marian Wright Edelman fights for a level playing field for all children, so their chances to succeed don't have to depend on the lottery of birth.

Why you should listen

Marian Wright Edelman, founder and president emerita of the Children's Defense Fund (CDF), has been an advocate for disadvantaged Americans for her entire professional life. Under her leadership, CDF has become the nation's strongest voice for children and families. The CDF's "Leave No Child Behind" mission is "to ensure every child a Healthy Start, a Head Start, a Fair Start, a Safe Start, and a Moral Start in life and successful passage to adulthood with the help of caring families and communities."

Edelman, a graduate of Spelman College and Yale Law School, began her career in the mid-'60s when, as the first black woman admitted to the Mississippi Bar, she directed the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund office in Jackson, Mississippi. In 1968, she moved to Washington, DC as counsel for the Poor People's Campaign that Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. began organizing before his death. She founded the Washington Research Project, a public interest law firm and the parent body of the CDF. For two years she served as the director of the Center for Law and Education at Harvard University and in 1973 began CDF. Edelman served on the Board of Trustees of Spelman College, which she chaired from 1976 to 1987, and was the first woman elected by alumni as a member of the Yale University Corporation, on which she served from 1971 to 1977. She has received more than 100 honorary degrees and many awards, including the Albert Schweitzer Humanitarian Prize, the Heinz Award, a MacArthur Foundation Prize Fellowship, the Presidential Medal of Freedom -- the nation's highest civilian award -- and the Robert F. Kennedy Lifetime Achievement Award for her writings.

More profile about the speaker
Marian Wright Edelman | Speaker | TED.com
Pat Mitchell - Curator, connector, convener and advocate for women's leadership
Pat Mitchell is a lifelong advocate for women and girls, known for her work as a journalist, producer, television executive and curator.

Why you should listen

Pat Mitchell began her media career in print (at LOOK) and transitioned to television as opportunities opened up for women in the early 1970s. She was among the first women to anchor the news (WBZ-TV Boston) and host a morning talk show (Woman 74). She was the first woman to own, produce and host a national talk show, the Emmy-winning Woman to Woman, which also became the first television series to be placed in the archives of the Harvard-Radcliffe Schlesinger Library on the History of Women.

As the head of Ted Turner's documentary division, the programs she commissioned garnered 37 Emmys, five Peabodys and two Academy Award nominations. In 2000, she became the first woman President and CEO of the Public Broadcasting System. She led PBS through the transition to digital broadcasting, sustained government funding and added many new original series to the national schedule. As head of the Paley Center for Media in New York and Los Angeles, she guided an institution that leads discussion about the cultural, creative and social significance of media. Now as an independent consultant and curator, Mitchell advises foundations and corporations on issues of women’s empowerment and leadership development as well as media relations and governance. Mitchell is a trustee of the Skoll Foundation and Participant Media; chair of the Sundance Institute Board and Women's Media Center and a board member of the Acumen Fund.

In 2010, Mitchell launched and co-hosted the first TEDWomen and for the succeeding seven years, in partnership with the TED organization, Mitchell has curated and hosted TEDxWomen and TEDWomen conferences.

More profile about the speaker
Pat Mitchell | Speaker | TED.com
TEDWomen 2018

Marian Wright Edelman: Reflections from a lifetime fighting to end child poverty

Marian Wright Edelman: Reflexões de uma vida lutando para acabar com a pobreza infantil

Filmed:
1,353,803 views

O que é preciso para construir um movimento nacional? Em uma conversa cativante com a curadora Pat Mitchell do TEDWomen, Marian Wright Edelman reflete sobre o caminho dela para a fundação do Children's Defense Fund em 1973 - desde a influência precoce de crescer no segregado sul dos EUA até o ativismo dela com o Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. - e compartilha como envelhecer só a tornou mais radical.
- Child advocate
Marian Wright Edelman fights for a level playing field for all children, so their chances to succeed don't have to depend on the lottery of birth. Full bio - Curator, connector, convener and advocate for women's leadership
Pat Mitchell is a lifelong advocate for women and girls, known for her work as a journalist, producer, television executive and curator. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

Pat Mitchell: Você não gosta
de ser chamada de "lenda".
00:12
Pat Mitchell: I know you don't like
that "legend" business.
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Marian Wright Edelman: Não gosto.
00:15
Marian Wright Edelman: I don't.
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(Risos)
00:17
(Laughter)
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PM: Por que não, Marian?
00:18
PM: Why not, Marian?
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Porque você é uma lenda.
00:19
Because you are somewhat of a legend.
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Vem fazendo isso há muito tempo
00:21
You've been doing this for a long time,
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e ainda permanece
como fundadora e presidente.
00:24
and you're still there
as founder and president.
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00:27
MWE: Well, because my daddy raised us
and my mother raised us to serve,
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MWE: Bem, porque meus pais
nos criaram para servir,
00:32
and we are servant-leaders.
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e somos líderes-servidores.
00:34
And it is not about
external things or labels,
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Não se trata de coisas
externas ou rótulos,
00:39
and I feel like the luckiest
person in the world
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e sou a pessoa mais sortuda do mundo
por ter nascido na intersecção
de grandes necessidades e injustiças
00:41
having been born at the intersection
of great needs and great injustices
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00:45
and great opportunities to change them.
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e ter ótimas oportunidades para mudá-las.
00:47
So I just feel very grateful
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Por isso, sou muito grata
por poder servir e fazer a diferença.
00:50
that I could serve and make a difference.
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00:52
PM: What a beautiful way of saying it.
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PM: Que modo bonito de explicar.
00:54
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
00:57
You grew up in the American South,
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Você cresceu no sul dos EUA
00:59
and like all children,
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e, como todas as crianças,
01:02
a lot of who you became
was molded by your parents.
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seus pais foram
um grande exemplo para você.
Diga-me: o que eles lhe ensinaram
sobre a criação de um movimento?
01:07
Tell me: What did they teach you
about movement-building?
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01:12
MWE: I had extraordinary parents.
I was so lucky.
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MWE: Tive a sorte de ter
pais extraordinários.
Minha mãe era a melhor
organizadora que já conheci.
01:14
My mother was the best
organizer I ever knew.
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01:17
And she always insisted,
even back then, on having her own dime.
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Ela sempre insistia, mesmo naquela época,
em ter o próprio dinheiro dela.
01:21
She started her dairy
so that she could have her penny,
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Fundou uma casa de laticínios
para que pudesse se sustentar,
01:24
and that sense of independence
has certainly been passed on to me.
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e, com certeza, passou esse senso
de independência pra mim.
Meu pai era pastor, e eles tinham
uma parceria de verdade.
01:28
My daddy was a minister,
and they were real partners.
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01:31
And my oldest sibling is a sister,
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Tenho uma irmã mais velha.
01:35
I'm the youngest,
and there are three boys in between.
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Sou a mais nova, e tenho mais três irmãos.
01:38
But I always knew I was
as smart as my brothers.
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Mas sempre soube que eu era
tão inteligente quanto eles.
01:41
I always was a tomboy.
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Sempre fui uma moleca
01:43
I always had the same
high aspirations that they had.
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e tive as mesmas grandes aspirações deles.
01:47
But most importantly,
we were terribly blessed,
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Mas o mais importante
é que fomos imensamente abençoados,
01:50
even though we were growing up
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embora estivéssemos crescendo
numa cidadezinha muito segregada
da Carolina do Sul.
01:51
in a very segregated
small town in South Carolina --
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01:57
we knew it was wrong.
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Sabíamos que estava errado.
01:59
I always knew, from the time
I was four years old,
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Sempre soube, desde
os quatro anos de idade,
02:02
that I wasn't going to accept
being put into slots.
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que eu não aceitaria ser confinada.
02:05
But Daddy and Mama always
had the sense that it was not us,
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Porém, meus pais sempre tiveram
a impressão de que não se tratava de nós,
mas do mundo exterior.
02:10
it was the outside world,
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Entretanto, podemos crescer
e mudar essa situação,
02:11
but you have the capacity
to grow up to change it,
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e comecei a fazer isso desde cedo.
02:14
and I began to do that very early on.
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02:15
But most importantly,
they were the best role models,
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Mas o mais importante é que eles
eram os melhores exemplos e diziam:
02:18
because they said: if you see a need,
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"Se vir uma necessidade, não pergunte
por que ninguém faz nada a respeito.
02:21
don't ask why somebody doesn't do it.
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Veja o que você pode fazer.
02:22
See what you can do.
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02:24
There was no home for the aged
in our hometown.
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Não havia lar de idosos
em nossa cidade natal.
02:26
And Reverend Reddick, who had what we know
now, 50 years later, as Alzheimer's,
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O reverendo Reddick, que tinha o que hoje,
50 anos depois, conhecemos como Alzheimer,
02:31
and he began to wander the streets.
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começou a vagar pelas ruas.
02:32
And so Daddy and Mama figured out
he needed a place to go,
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Meus pais entendiam que ele
precisava de um lugar para ficar.
02:35
so we started a home for the aged.
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Então, fundamos um lar de idosos.
02:37
Children had to cook and clean and serve.
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As crianças tinham que cozinhar,
limpar e servir.
02:39
We didn't like it at the time,
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Não gostávamos de fazer isso na época,
02:41
but that's how we learned
that it was our obligation
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mas foi assim que aprendemos
que era nossa obrigação
02:44
to take care of those
who couldn't take care of themselves.
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cuidar daqueles que não podiam
cuidar de si mesmos.
02:47
I had 12 foster sisters and brothers.
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Tive 12 irmãs e irmãos adotivos.
02:52
My mother took them in after we left home,
and she took them in before we left home.
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Minha mãe os acolheu antes
e depois de sairmos de casa.
02:56
And again, whenever you see a need,
you try to fulfill it.
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Novamente, sempre que você vê
uma necessidade, tenta satisfazê-la.
03:00
God runs, Daddy used to say,
a full employment economy.
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Meu pai dizia que Deus administra
uma economia de pleno emprego.
03:04
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
03:05
And so if you just follow the need,
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Se você só seguir a necessidade,
03:07
you will never lack for something to do
or a real purpose in life.
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nunca lhe faltará algo para fazer
ou um propósito real na vida.
03:11
And every issue that the Children's
Defense Fund works on today
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Todas as questões com as quais
o Children's Defense Fund trabalha hoje
03:14
comes out of my childhood
in a very personal way.
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vêm de minha infância
de modo muito pessoal.
03:18
Little Johnny Harrington,
who lived three doors down from me,
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O pequeno Johny Harrington,
que morava a três casas de mim,
pisou em um prego;
ele morava com a avó dele,
03:22
stepped on a nail;
he lived with his grandmother,
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contraiu tétano, foi ao hospital,
não tomou a vacina e morreu.
03:24
got tetanus, went to the hospital,
no tetanus shots, he died.
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03:29
He was 11 years old.
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Tinha 11 anos.
03:30
I remember that.
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Eu me lembro disso.
03:31
An accident in front of our highway,
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Houve um acidente
em frente à nossa rodovia
03:34
turns out to have been
two white truck drivers
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envolvendo dois caminhoneiros brancos
03:37
and a migrant family
that happened to be black.
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e uma família de migrantes
que, por acaso, eram negros.
03:40
We all ran out to help.
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Todos nós corremos para ajudar.
Foi em frente a uma igreja,
e a ambulância chegou,
03:42
It was in the front of a church,
and the ambulance came,
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03:45
saw that the white
truck drivers were not injured,
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viu que os caminhoneiros brancos
não estavam feridos
03:48
saw the black migrant workers were,
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e que os trabalhadores
imigrantes negros estavam,
03:51
turned around and left them.
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deu as costas e os abandonou.
03:53
I never forgot that.
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Nunca me esqueci daquilo.
03:55
And immunizations
was one of the first things
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As imunizações foram
uma das primeiras coisas
com que trabalhei
no Children's Defense Fund
03:57
I worked on at the Children's Defense Fund
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para garantir que toda criança
fosse imunizada contra doenças evitáveis.
03:59
to make sure that every child gets
immunized against preventable diseases.
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04:04
Unequal schools ...
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Escolas desiguais...
04:05
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
04:09
Separate and unequal,
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Separadas e desiguais,
inferiores às escolas brancas.
04:10
hand-me-downs from the white schools.
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Mas sempre tivemos livros em casa.
04:12
But we always had books in our house.
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Meu pai era ótimo leitor
e me fazia ler todas as noites com ele.
04:14
Daddy was a great reader.
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04:15
He used to make me
read every night with him.
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Eu tinha que me sentar
por 15 ou 20 minutos.
04:17
I'd have to sit for 15 or 20 minutes.
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Um dia, coloquei "True Confessions"
dentro de uma revista "Life",
04:19
One day I put a "True Confessions"
inside a "Life Magazine"
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04:22
and he asked me to read it out loud.
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e ele me pediu para ler em voz alta.
04:24
I never read a "True Confessions" again.
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Nunca mais li "True Confessions" de novo.
04:27
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
Mas eles eram ótimos leitores.
04:28
But they were great readers.
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04:30
We always had books
before we had a second pair of shoes,
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Sempre tivemos livros
antes de um segundo par de sapatos,
o que era muito importante.
04:32
and that was very important.
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Embora tivéssemos livros usados
para as escolas negras
04:34
And although we had hand-me-down
books for the black schools
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e tudo de segunda mão,
04:37
and hand-me-down everythings,
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era uma grande necessidade.
04:38
it was a great need.
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04:40
He made it clear that reading
was the window to the outside world,
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Ele deixou claro que a leitura
era a janela para o mundo exterior,
04:43
and so that was a great gift from them.
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e assim esse foi um grande presente deles.
04:49
But the reinforced lesson was that God
runs a full employment economy,
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Mas a lição reforçada era que Deus
administra uma economia de pleno emprego
04:55
and that if you just follow the need,
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e que, se você só seguir a necessidade,
04:57
you will never lack for a purpose in life,
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nunca lhe faltará um propósito na vida,
05:00
and that has been so for me.
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e tem sido assim para mim.
05:01
We had a very segregated small town.
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Tínhamos uma cidadezinha muito segregada.
05:04
I was a rebel from the time
I was four or five.
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Eu era rebelde desde quatro ou cinco anos.
05:06
I went out to a department store
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Um dia, fui a uma loja de departamentos,
e havia placas de água
"para brancos" e "para negros".
05:09
and there was "white"
and "black" water signs,
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05:11
but I didn't know that
and didn't pay much attention to that,
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Mas eu não sabia disso,
nem prestava muita atenção.
Eu estava com uma professora
da escola dominical
05:14
and I was with one
of my Sunday school teachers.
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e bebi da fonte de água errada.
05:16
I drank out of the wrong water fountain,
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Ela me arrancou de lá,
e não entendi o que aconteceu.
05:18
and she jerked me away,
and I didn't know what had happened,
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Então, ela me explicou
sobre a água para negros e brancos.
05:21
and then she explained to me
about black and white water.
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Eu não sabia disso e, depois,
05:24
I didn't know that, and after that,
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05:25
I went home, took my little
wounded psyche to my parents,
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fui pra casa, levei meu pequeno
ego ferido a meus pais,
contei o que aconteceu e perguntei:
"O que há de errado comigo?"
05:28
and told them what had happened,
and said, "What's wrong with me?"
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Eles disseram: "Não há nada de errado
com você, mas com o sistema".
05:31
And they said,
"It wasn't much wrong with you.
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05:34
It's what's wrong with the system."
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Eu trocava secretamente as placas de água
de todos os lugares aonde eu ia.
05:35
And I used to go then secretly
and switch water signs
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05:38
everywhere I went.
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05:39
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
05:40
And it felt so good.
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E isso era tão bom...
05:41
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
05:44
PM: There is no question
that this legend is a bit of a rebel,
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PM: Não há dúvida de que
essa lenda é um pouco rebelde
05:50
and has been for a long time.
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e há muito tempo.
05:52
So you started your work as an attorney
and with the Civil Rights Movement,
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Você começou seu trabalho como advogada
e com o movimento dos direitos civis,
05:56
and you worked with Dr. King
on the original Poor People's Campaign.
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e trabalhou com o Dr. King
na primeira "Poor People's Campaign".
06:01
And then you made
this decision, 45 years ago,
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Depois você tomou
a decisão, há 45 anos,
06:04
to set up a national advocacy
campaign for children.
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de lançar uma campanha nacional
de defesa das crianças.
06:08
Why did you choose that
particular service, to children?
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Por que você escolheu esse serviço
específico voltado a crianças?
06:13
MWE: Well, because so many of the things
that I saw in Mississippi
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MWE: Bem, porque muitas das coisas
que vi no Mississippi
06:17
and across the South
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e em todo o sul dos EUA,
tinham a ver com crianças.
06:19
had to do with children.
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06:21
I saw children with bloated
bellies in this country
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Vi crianças com barrigas
inchadas neste país,
06:23
who were close to starvation,
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quase morrendo de fome,
06:25
who were hungry,
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famintas,
06:26
who were without clothes,
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sem roupas,
06:29
and nobody wanted to believe
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e ninguém queria acreditar
que havia crianças passando fome,
06:30
that there were children
who were starving,
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06:33
and that's a slow process.
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e isso é um processo lento.
06:35
And nobody wanted to listen.
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E ninguém queria escutar.
06:37
Every congressman
that would come to Mississippi,
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A todo congressista que chegava
ao Mississippi eu dizia: "Vá ver",
06:39
I'd say, "Go see," and most of them
didn't want to do anything about it.
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e a maioria deles não queria
fazer nada a respeito.
Mas vi a miséria absoluta.
06:43
But I saw grinding poverty.
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06:44
The state of Mississippi wanted,
during voter registration efforts --
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O Mississippi queria, durante os esforços
de cadastramento eleitoral,
06:47
and with outside white kids coming in
to help black citizens register to vote --
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e com crianças brancas de fora vindo
ajudar cidadãos negros a se cadastrarem,
queria que todos deixassem o estado
e tentava privá-los de comida.
06:51
they wanted everybody to leave the state,
so they were trying to starve them out.
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Houve a troca de produtos
alimentícios gratuitos
06:55
And they switched
from free food commodities
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por cupons de alimentação a US$ 2.
06:57
to food stamps that cost two dollars.
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As pessoas não tinham renda,
06:59
People had no income, and nobody
in America wanted to believe
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e ninguém nos EUA queria acreditar
que houvesse alguém lá sem renda alguma.
07:02
that there was anybody
in America without any income.
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Eu conhecia centenas,
milhares nessa situação.
07:05
Well, I knew hundreds of them,
thousands of them.
152
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2293
A desnutrição se tornava
um grande problema.
07:07
And malnutrition
was becoming a big problem.
153
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2251
07:10
And so one of these days
came Dr. King down
154
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3327
Certo dia, o Dr. King se opôs
07:13
on a number of things we were fighting
to get the Head Start program --
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421369
3507
a várias coisas pelas quais lutávamos
para que o programa Head Start,
07:16
which the state
of Mississippi turned down --
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2174
recusado pelo estado do Mississippi,
07:19
refinanced.
157
427098
1349
fosse refinanciado.
07:20
And he went into a center
158
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2064
Ele entrou num centro,
07:22
that the poor community
was running without any help,
159
430559
3032
que a comunidade pobre
dirigia sem nenhuma ajuda,
07:25
and he saw a teacher carve up an apple
for eight or 10 children,
160
433615
3794
e viu um professor repartir uma maçã
para oito ou dez crianças
07:29
and he had to run out,
because he was in tears.
161
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2524
e teve que sair correndo,
porque estava aos prantos.
07:31
He couldn't believe it.
162
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1206
Ele não pôde acreditar.
07:33
But only when Robert Kennedy
decided he would come --
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3768
Mas somente quando Robert Kennedy
decidiu que viria...
07:37
I had gone to testify
about the Head Start program,
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2399
Eu havia testemunhado
sobre o programa Head Start,
07:39
because they were attacking.
165
447426
1506
porque o estavam atacando...
07:40
And I asked, please,
come and see yourself,
166
448956
2008
Pedi: "Por favor, venha e veja você mesmo
07:42
and when you come and see,
167
450988
1300
e, quando vier,
verá pessoas famintas
e crianças morrendo de fome".
07:44
see hungry people
and see starving children.
168
452312
2464
07:46
And they came, and he brought the press,
169
454800
1906
Ele veio e trouxe a imprensa,
e começou a fazer o movimento acontecer.
07:48
and that began to get the movement going.
170
456730
2047
Mas queriam forçar todos os pobres
a irem para o norte
07:50
But they wanted to push
all the poor people to go north
171
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3279
07:54
and to get away from being voters.
172
462104
2593
e deixarem de ser eleitores.
07:56
And I'm proud of Mike Espy.
173
464721
1334
Tenho orgulho de Mike Espy.
07:58
Even though he lost last night,
he'll win one of these days.
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466079
2811
Mesmo perdendo na noite passada,
ele vai ganhar algum dia.
08:00
(Applause)
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468914
3298
(Aplausos)
08:04
But you wouldn't have seen
such grinding poverty,
176
472236
4317
Mas você não via tamanha miséria
08:08
and the outside white kids
who'd come in to help register voters
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476577
3651
e as crianças brancas de fora, que vieram
para ajudar a cadastrar eleitores,
08:12
in the 1964 Summer Project
where we lost those three young men.
178
480252
3956
no projeto "Freedom Summer" de 1964,
em que perdemos aqueles três jovens.
08:16
But once they left, the press left,
179
484232
4010
Mas, logo que se retiraram,
a imprensa foi embora,
08:20
and there was just massive need,
180
488266
1651
e havia uma enorme necessidade,
08:21
and people were trying
to push the poor out.
181
489941
2230
e as pessoas tentavam expulsar os pobres.
08:24
And so, you know, Head Start came,
182
492195
2483
Então, sabe, veio o Head Start,
08:26
and we applied for it,
because the state turned it down.
183
494702
3167
e nós nos inscrevemos,
porque o estado recusou.
08:29
And that's true of a lot of states
that don't take Medicaid these days.
184
497893
3520
É verdade que muitos estados
não aceitam Medicaid hoje em dia.
08:33
And we ran the largest
Head Start program in the nation,
185
501437
2620
Administramos o maior
programa Head Start do país,
e isso mudou a vida deles.
08:36
and it changed their lives.
186
504081
1356
Eles tinham livros cujos personagens
eram crianças parecidas com eles,
08:37
They had books that had children
who looked like them in it,
187
505461
3127
08:40
and we were attacked all over the place.
188
508612
1906
e fomos atacados por todo o lugar.
Mas o resultado final
08:42
But the bottom line
189
510542
1180
foi que o Mississippi deu origem
ao Children's Defense Fund
08:43
was that Mississippi
gave birth to the Children's Defense Fund
190
511746
3247
de muitas maneiras.
08:47
in many ways,
191
515017
1443
08:48
and it also occurred to me that children
192
516484
3755
Também me ocorreu que as crianças
08:52
and preventive investment,
193
520263
2114
e o investimento preventivo,
08:54
and avoiding costly care
194
522401
2153
evitando tratamentos caros,
falhas e negligência,
08:56
and failure and neglect,
195
524578
2497
08:59
was a more strategic way to proceed.
196
527099
2960
eram uma maneira
mais estratégica de prosseguir.
09:02
And so the Children's Defense Fund
197
530083
2125
Assim o Children's Defense Fund
09:04
was born out of
the Poor People's Campaign.
198
532232
3308
nasceu da "Poor People's Campaign".
09:07
But it was pretty clear
that whatever you called
199
535564
2326
Mas estava bem claro que, fosse chamado
de independente negro ou moreno,
09:09
black independent or brown independent
200
537914
1866
ele teria um eleitorado retraído.
09:11
was going to have
a shrinking constituency.
201
539804
2029
09:13
And who can be mad at a two-month-old baby
or at a two-year-old toddler?
202
541857
4331
E quem consegue ficar bravo com um bebê
de dois meses ou uma criança de dois anos?
09:18
A lot of people can be.
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546212
1699
Muitas pessoas conseguem.
09:19
They don't want to feed them,
neither, from what we've seen.
204
547935
2810
Elas não querem alimentá-los,
nem um nem outro, pelo visto.
09:22
But it was the right judgment to make.
205
550769
1921
Mas foi o julgamento correto a fazer.
09:24
And so out of the privilege of serving
206
552714
1825
Então, pelo privilégio de servir
como coordenadora de política
da Poor People's Campaign
09:26
as the Poor People's Campaign
coordinator for policy
207
554563
3302
09:29
for two years, and there were two of them,
208
557889
2001
por dois anos,
e não foi um fracasso,
09:31
and it was not a failure,
209
559914
1287
porque as sementes da mudança
ficam plantadas
09:33
because the seeds of change get planted
210
561225
3094
09:36
and have to have people
who are scut workers and follow up.
211
564343
3067
e é preciso ter trabalhadores
servis que acompanhem.
09:39
And I'm a good scut worker
and a persistent person.
212
567434
3726
Sou boa trabalhadora
servil e persistente.
09:43
And you know, as a result,
213
571184
1307
E sabe, como resultado,
eu diria que todos aqueles
com cupons de alimentação hoje
09:44
I would say that all those people
on food stamps today
214
572515
2597
09:47
ought to thank those poor people
in the mud in Resurrection City.
215
575136
3057
deviam agradecer àqueles pobres
na lama da Resurrection City.
Mas isso requer muito acompanhamento,
trabalho minucioso, e nunca abandonar.
09:50
But it takes a lot of follow-up,
detailed work -- and never going away.
216
578217
3910
09:54
PM: And you've been doing it for 45 years,
217
582500
2358
PM: Você vem fazendo isso há 45 anos
09:56
and you've seen some amazing outcomes.
218
584882
3498
e tem visto resultados surpreendentes.
10:00
What are you proudest of
out of the Children's Defense Fund?
219
588404
3889
Do que você mais se orgulha
do Children's Defense Fund?
10:05
MWE: Well, I think the children now
have sort of become a mainstream issue.
220
593976
3912
MWE: Bem, acho que as crianças agora
se tornaram um tema predominante.
10:09
We have got lots of new laws.
221
597912
4206
Temos muitas leis novas.
10:14
Millions of children are getting food.
222
602592
2783
Milhões de crianças
estão recebendo comida,
10:17
Millions of children
are getting a head start.
223
605399
2345
tendo uma vantagem inicial.
10:19
Millions of children
are getting Head Start
224
607768
2492
Milhares delas estão
recebendo o Head Start
10:22
and have gotten a head start,
225
610284
2064
e têm conseguido uma vantagem.
10:24
and the Child Health
Insurance Program, CHIP,
226
612372
3654
Temos o Child Health
Insurance Program, CHIP,
10:28
Medicaid expansions for children.
227
616050
2242
a ampliação do Medicaid para crianças.
10:30
We've been trying to reform
the child welfare system for decades.
228
618316
3126
Tentamos melhorar
a assistência infantil há décadas.
10:33
We finally got a big
breakthrough this year,
229
621466
2589
Finalmente, tivemos
um avanço importante este ano.
10:36
and it says, be ready with the proposals
when somebody's ready to move,
230
624079
3334
Dizem: esteja pronto com as propostas
quando alguém estiver pronto para mudar.
10:39
and sometimes it takes five years,
10 years, 20 years, but you're there.
231
627437
3711
Às vezes, leva 5, 10, 20 anos,
mas você está lá.
10:43
I've been trying to keep children
out of foster care and out of institutions
232
631172
3651
Venho tentando manter as crianças
fora de assistência social e instituições,
com suas famílias
e com serviços preventivos.
10:46
and with their families,
with preventive services.
233
634847
2381
Isso foi passado.
10:49
That got passed.
234
637252
1151
Mas há milhões de crianças
que têm esperança
10:50
But there are millions
of children who have hope,
235
638427
2372
e acesso à primeira infância.
10:52
who have access to early childhood.
236
640823
1710
10:54
Now, we are not finished,
237
642557
1362
Não chegamos ao fim,
10:55
and we are not going to ever feel finished
238
643943
2000
e nunca vamos sentir que chegamos
até acabarmos com a pobreza infantil
na nação mais rica do planeta.
10:57
until we end child poverty
in the richest nation on earth.
239
645967
3919
11:01
It's just ridiculous
that we have to be demanding that.
240
649910
3219
É ridículo que tenhamos que exigir isso.
11:05
(Applause)
241
653153
4841
(Aplausos)
11:10
PM: And there are so many of the problems
in spite of the successes,
242
658410
4262
PM: Há tantos problemas,
apesar dos sucessos,
e obrigada por completar
alguns deles, Marian:
11:14
and thank you for going through
some of them, Marian --
243
662696
3575
11:18
the Freedom Schools,
244
666295
1584
as "Freedom Schools",
11:19
the generations of children now
245
667903
2175
as gerações de crianças
11:22
who have gone through
Children's Defense Fund programs.
246
670102
3701
que passaram pelos programas
do Children's Defense Fund.
11:25
But when you look around the world,
247
673827
1746
Mas, quando você olha ao redor do mundo,
11:27
in this country, the United States,
and in other countries,
248
675597
4125
neste país, os Estados Unidos,
e em outros países,
11:31
there are still so many problems.
249
679746
1756
ainda há tantos problemas.
11:33
What worries you the most?
250
681526
2269
O que a preocupa mais?
MWE: O que me preocupa
é a maneira irresponsável
11:37
MWE: What worries me is how irresponsible
we adults in power have been
251
685031
4118
como nós, adultos, no poder, temos agido
na entrega de um planeta mais saudável.
11:41
in passing on a healthier earth.
252
689173
3314
11:44
And it worries me when I read
the "Bulletin of Atomic Scientists"
253
692511
3381
E me preocupa quando leio
o "Bulletin of Atomic Scientists"
11:47
and see now that we are
two minutes from midnight,
254
695916
3431
e vejo agora que estamos cada vez
mais próximos de uma catástrofe mundial,
11:51
and that's gotten closer.
255
699371
1228
11:52
We have put our future
256
700623
2873
Colocamos nosso futuro
11:55
and our children's future
and safety at risk
257
703520
3889
e o futuro e a segurança
de nossos filhos em risco
11:59
in a world that is still
too much governed by violence.
258
707433
3620
num mundo ainda muito
governado pela violência.
Devemos acabar com isso.
12:03
We must end that.
259
711077
1572
12:04
We must stop investing in war and start
investing in the young and in peace,
260
712673
4827
Devemos parar de investir em guerra
e começar a investir nos jovens e na paz,
12:09
and we are really so far away
from doing that.
261
717524
2419
e estamos realmente
bem longe de fazer isso.
12:11
(Applause)
262
719967
1072
(Aplausos)
12:13
And I don't want my grandchildren
263
721063
4333
Não quero que meus netos
12:17
to have to fight
these battles all over again,
264
725420
2217
tenham que lutar
essas batalhas tudo de novo.
12:19
and so I get more radical.
265
727661
1561
Então, fico mais radical.
12:21
The older I get, the more radical I get,
266
729246
2582
Quanto mais velha, mais radical eu fico,
12:23
because there are just some things
that we as adults have to do
267
731852
3193
porque há apenas algumas coisas
que nós, adultos, temos que fazer
12:27
for the next generations.
268
735069
1266
para as próximas gerações.
12:28
And I looked at
the sacrifices of Mrs. Hamer
269
736359
2086
Observei os sacrifícios da sra. Hamer
12:30
and all those people in Mississippi
270
738469
1915
e todas aquelas pessoas no Mississippi
12:32
who risked their lives
to give us a better life.
271
740408
2735
que arriscaram a vida delas
para nos dar uma vida melhor.
12:35
But the United States
has got to come to grips
272
743167
2152
Mas os Estados Unidos
têm que começar a lidar
com o fracasso em investir nas crianças.
12:37
with its failure to invest
in its children,
273
745343
2644
12:40
and it's the Achilles' heel
of this nation.
274
748011
3213
Esse é o calcanhar de Aquiles desta nação.
12:43
How can you be one of the biggest
economies in the world
275
751248
3001
Como podemos ser uma das maiores
economias do mundo
12:46
and you let 13.2 million children
go live in poverty,
276
754273
4728
e permitir que 13,2 milhões
de crianças vivam na pobreza,
12:51
and you let children go homeless
277
759025
2254
e deixar crianças desabrigadas
12:53
when you've got the means to do it?
278
761303
1747
quando temos meios para fazer algo?
Temos que repensar
quem somos como um povo,
12:55
We've got to rethink
who we are as a people,
279
763074
3458
12:58
be an example for the world.
280
766556
1419
ser um exemplo para o mundo.
12:59
There should be no poverty.
281
767999
1420
Não deveria haver pobreza.
13:01
In fact, we want to say we're going
to end poverty in the world.
282
769443
3069
De fato, queremos dizer
que erradicaremos a pobreza no mundo.
13:04
Just start at home.
283
772536
1151
É só começar em casa.
13:05
And we've made real progress,
284
773711
1553
Fizemos um progresso real,
13:07
but it's such hard work,
285
775288
2048
mas é um trabalho bem difícil,
13:09
and it's going to be our Achilles' heel.
286
777360
1966
e vai ser nosso calcanhar de Aquiles.
13:11
We should stop giving more tax cuts,
287
779350
2906
Devemos parar de cortar mais impostos,
13:14
sorry folks, to billionaires
rather than to babies
288
782280
2407
desculpem, pessoal, de bilionários do que
de bebês e da assistência médica deles.
13:16
and their health care.
289
784711
1324
13:18
We should get our priorities straight.
290
786059
2174
Devemos entender nossas prioridades.
13:20
(Applause)
291
788257
1001
(Aplausos)
13:21
That's not right,
and it's not cost-effective.
292
789282
2729
Isso não está certo, e não é produtivo.
13:24
And the key to this country is going
to be an educated child population,
293
792035
4032
A solução para este país
será uma população infantil instruída,
13:28
and yet we've got so many children
294
796091
1667
mas ainda temos muitas crianças
que não sabem ler nem escrever
em níveis básicos.
13:29
who cannot read or write
at the most basic levels.
295
797782
2344
Estamos investindo nas coisas erradas.
13:32
We're investing in the wrong things,
296
800150
1940
13:34
and I wouldn't be upset
about anybody having one billion,
297
802114
3356
Eu não ficaria aborrecida
se alguém tivesse US$ 1 bilhão,
13:37
10 billion [US dollars],
298
805494
1151
US$ 10 bilhões,
13:38
if there were no hungry children,
299
806669
2237
se não houvesse crianças famintas,
13:40
if there were no homeless children,
300
808930
2028
se não houvesse crianças desabrigadas,
13:42
if there were no uneducated children.
301
810982
2259
se não houvesse crianças sem instrução.
13:45
And so it's really about
what does it mean to live
302
813265
2374
Este é realmente o significado de viver
13:47
and lead this life.
303
815663
2301
e levar esta vida.
13:49
Why were we put on this earth?
304
817988
1437
Por que estamos neste planeta?
13:51
We were put on this earth
to make things better
305
819449
2880
Fomos colocados aqui
para melhorar as coisas
para as próximas gerações.
13:54
for the next generations.
306
822353
1215
Aqui estamos nos preocupando
com a mudança climática
13:55
And here we're worrying
about climate change
307
823592
2455
13:58
and global warming.
308
826071
1506
e o aquecimento global.
13:59
And we're looking at, again,
I constantly cite --
309
827601
2916
Estamos analisando, de novo,
cito sempre...
14:02
I look at that "Bulletin
of Atomic Scientists" every year.
310
830541
2925
analiso aquele "Bulletin
of Atomic Scientists" todo ano
14:05
And it says now:
"Two minutes to midnight."
311
833490
2053
sobre a proximidade
de uma catástrofe mundial.
14:07
Are we out of our minds, adults,
312
835567
1574
Será que estamos loucos
14:09
about passing on a better a world
to our children?
313
837165
4052
sobre entregar um mundo melhor
para nossos filhos?
14:13
That's what our purpose is,
to leave a better world for everybody,
314
841241
3096
É esse o nosso propósito:
deixar um mundo melhor para todos,
14:16
and the concept of enough for everybody.
315
844361
3053
e o conceito de "suficiente para todos".
Não deveria haver crianças
famintas neste mundo
14:19
There should be
no hungry children in this world
316
847438
2261
com a riqueza que temos.
14:21
with the rich wealth that we have.
317
849723
1636
14:23
And so I can't think of a bigger cause,
318
851383
2258
Não consigo pensar em uma causa maior
14:25
and I think that I'm driven by my faith.
319
853665
3111
e acho que sou guiada por minha fé.
14:28
And it's been a privilege to serve,
320
856800
2024
Tem sido um privilégio servir,
14:30
but I always had the best
role models in the world.
321
858848
2983
mas sempre tive os melhores
exemplos do mundo.
14:33
Daddy always said God
runs a full employment economy,
322
861855
3655
Meu pai sempre dizia que Deus
administra uma economia de pleno emprego
14:37
and that if you just follow the need,
323
865534
2353
e que, se você só seguir a necessidade,
14:39
you'll never lack for a purpose in life.
324
867911
1906
nunca lhe faltará um propósito na vida.
14:41
And I watched the partnership --
because my mother was a true partner.
325
869841
3311
Eu via a parceria, porque minha mãe
era uma parceira de verdade.
14:45
I always knew I was
as smart as my brothers, at least.
326
873176
2958
Sempre soube que eu era tão inteligente
quanto meus irmãos, pelo menos.
14:48
And we always knew that we were not
just to be about ourselves,
327
876158
4644
E sempre soubemos que não se tratava
apenas de sermos nós mesmos,
14:52
but that we were here to serve.
328
880826
1943
mas que estávamos aqui para servir.
14:54
PM: Well, Marian, I want to say,
on behalf of all the world's children,
329
882793
3413
PM: Bem, Marian, quero dizer, em nome
de todas as crianças do mundo,
14:58
thank you for your passion,
330
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obrigada por sua paixão,
15:00
your purpose and your advocacy.
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seu propósito e seu ativismo.
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(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
Translated by Maurício Kakuei Tanaka
Reviewed by Leonardo Silva

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ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Marian Wright Edelman - Child advocate
Marian Wright Edelman fights for a level playing field for all children, so their chances to succeed don't have to depend on the lottery of birth.

Why you should listen

Marian Wright Edelman, founder and president emerita of the Children's Defense Fund (CDF), has been an advocate for disadvantaged Americans for her entire professional life. Under her leadership, CDF has become the nation's strongest voice for children and families. The CDF's "Leave No Child Behind" mission is "to ensure every child a Healthy Start, a Head Start, a Fair Start, a Safe Start, and a Moral Start in life and successful passage to adulthood with the help of caring families and communities."

Edelman, a graduate of Spelman College and Yale Law School, began her career in the mid-'60s when, as the first black woman admitted to the Mississippi Bar, she directed the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund office in Jackson, Mississippi. In 1968, she moved to Washington, DC as counsel for the Poor People's Campaign that Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. began organizing before his death. She founded the Washington Research Project, a public interest law firm and the parent body of the CDF. For two years she served as the director of the Center for Law and Education at Harvard University and in 1973 began CDF. Edelman served on the Board of Trustees of Spelman College, which she chaired from 1976 to 1987, and was the first woman elected by alumni as a member of the Yale University Corporation, on which she served from 1971 to 1977. She has received more than 100 honorary degrees and many awards, including the Albert Schweitzer Humanitarian Prize, the Heinz Award, a MacArthur Foundation Prize Fellowship, the Presidential Medal of Freedom -- the nation's highest civilian award -- and the Robert F. Kennedy Lifetime Achievement Award for her writings.

More profile about the speaker
Marian Wright Edelman | Speaker | TED.com
Pat Mitchell - Curator, connector, convener and advocate for women's leadership
Pat Mitchell is a lifelong advocate for women and girls, known for her work as a journalist, producer, television executive and curator.

Why you should listen

Pat Mitchell began her media career in print (at LOOK) and transitioned to television as opportunities opened up for women in the early 1970s. She was among the first women to anchor the news (WBZ-TV Boston) and host a morning talk show (Woman 74). She was the first woman to own, produce and host a national talk show, the Emmy-winning Woman to Woman, which also became the first television series to be placed in the archives of the Harvard-Radcliffe Schlesinger Library on the History of Women.

As the head of Ted Turner's documentary division, the programs she commissioned garnered 37 Emmys, five Peabodys and two Academy Award nominations. In 2000, she became the first woman President and CEO of the Public Broadcasting System. She led PBS through the transition to digital broadcasting, sustained government funding and added many new original series to the national schedule. As head of the Paley Center for Media in New York and Los Angeles, she guided an institution that leads discussion about the cultural, creative and social significance of media. Now as an independent consultant and curator, Mitchell advises foundations and corporations on issues of women’s empowerment and leadership development as well as media relations and governance. Mitchell is a trustee of the Skoll Foundation and Participant Media; chair of the Sundance Institute Board and Women's Media Center and a board member of the Acumen Fund.

In 2010, Mitchell launched and co-hosted the first TEDWomen and for the succeeding seven years, in partnership with the TED organization, Mitchell has curated and hosted TEDxWomen and TEDWomen conferences.

More profile about the speaker
Pat Mitchell | Speaker | TED.com