TEDSummit 2019
Nick Hanauer: The dirty secret of capitalism -- and a new way forward
尼克•哈纳尔: 资本主义的肮脏秘密——和一个未来的新方法
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企业家尼克•哈纳尔表示，不平等的加剧和政治不稳定加剧，是数十年来糟糕的经济理论的直接结果。在一次富有远见的演讲中，他摒弃了“贪婪是好的”这一信条——他将这一理念描述为不仅在道德上具有腐蚀性，而且在科学上也是错误的——并提出了一个以互惠与合作为动力的新经济学理论。
Nick Hanauer - Venture capitalist, author
Nick Hanauer has become an important voice in the raging debate on inequality — and his provocative argument is aimed at his fellow plutocrats. Full bio
Nick Hanauer has become an important voice in the raging debate on inequality — and his provocative argument is aimed at his fellow plutocrats. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
I am a capitalist,
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我是一个资本家，
00:17
and after a 30-year career in capitalism
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我有30年资本主义生涯，
00:20
spanning three dozen companies,
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横跨三十多家公司，
00:22
generating tens of billions
of dollars in market value,
of dollars in market value,
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创造了数百亿美元的市场价值，
00:26
I'm not just in the top one percent,
I'm in the top .01 percent of all earners.
I'm in the top .01 percent of all earners.
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我不只是在前百分之一，
我是所有收入者中收入最高的0.01%。
我是所有收入者中收入最高的0.01%。
00:33
Today, I have come
to share the secrets of our success,
to share the secrets of our success,
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今天，我来分享我们成功的秘诀，
00:36
because rich capitalists like me
have never been richer.
have never been richer.
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因为像我这样富有的资本家
从来没有这么富有过。
从来没有这么富有过。
00:40
So the question is, how do we do it?
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所以问题是，我们怎么做?
00:44
How do we manage to grab
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我们是如何获得了
00:45
an ever-increasing share
of the economic pie every year?
of the economic pie every year?
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每年都不断增长的市场份额？
00:50
Is it that rich people are smarter
than we were 30 years ago?
than we were 30 years ago?
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是富人比30年前更聪明了吗？
00:55
Is it that we're working harder
than we once did?
than we once did?
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是我们比以前工作的更勤奋了吗？
00:59
Are we taller, better looking?
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长得更高了，更漂亮了？
01:03
Sadly, no.
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可惜，不是。
01:05
It all comes down to just one thing:
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归根结底是因为一件事：
01:08
economics.
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经济。
01:10
Because, here's the dirty secret.
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因为，有这样一个肮脏的秘密。
01:12
There was a time
in which the economics profession
in which the economics profession
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有这样一段时间经济学专业
01:15
worked in the public interest,
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是为了大众利益而服务的，
01:16
but in the neoliberal era,
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但是在新自由主义时代，
01:18
today,
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今天，
01:20
they work only for big corporations
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他们只为了大公司集团工作，
01:22
and billionaires,
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以及亿万富翁，
01:24
and that is creating
a little bit of a problem.
a little bit of a problem.
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这就产生了一些问题。
01:27
We could choose to enact economic policies
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我们可以选择制定经济政策
01:31
that raise taxes on the rich,
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对富人增税，
01:34
regulate powerful corporations
or raise wages for workers.
or raise wages for workers.
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监管强大的企业或提高工人工资。
01:38
We have done it before.
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我们以前都做过。
01:39
But neoliberal economists would warn
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但新自由主义经济学家会发出警告
01:42
that all of these policies
would be a terrible mistake,
would be a terrible mistake,
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所有这些政策都将是一个可怕的错误，
01:46
because raising taxes
always kills economic growth,
always kills economic growth,
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因为增税总是扼杀经济增长，
01:50
and any form of government regulation
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以及任何形式的政府监管
01:52
is inefficient,
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都是没有效率的，
01:54
and raising wages always kills jobs.
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而提高工资总会扼杀工作机会。
01:57
Well, as a consequence of that thinking,
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这样的思考结果便是，
02:00
over the last 30 years, in the USA alone,
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过去30年间，光是美国，
02:04
the top one percent has grown
21 trillion dollars richer
21 trillion dollars richer
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最富有的1%人口已经比
以前多挣了21万亿美元
以前多挣了21万亿美元
02:09
while the bottom 50 percent
have grown 900 billion dollars poorer,
have grown 900 billion dollars poorer,
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而底部的50%人比以前
少挣了9000亿美元，
少挣了9000亿美元，
02:14
a pattern of widening inequality
that has largely repeated itself
that has largely repeated itself
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一个扩大的不平等格局再次上演
02:18
across the world.
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遍及全球。
02:19
And yet, as middle class families
struggle to get by
struggle to get by
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然而，在中等阶级家庭艰难获得
02:24
on wages that have not budged
in about 40 years,
in about 40 years,
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在过去40年里保持不变的工资，
02:28
neoliberal economists continue to warn
that the only reasonable response
that the only reasonable response
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新自由主义经济学家继续
警告对于财政紧缩
警告对于财政紧缩
02:32
to the painful dislocations
of austerity and globalization
of austerity and globalization
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和全球化带来的痛苦混乱
的唯一正确的反应
的唯一正确的反应
02:36
is even more austerity and globalization.
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是更加紧缩的财政以及全球化。
02:40
So, what is a society to do?
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所以，社会该如何做？
02:44
Well, it's super clear to me
what we need to do.
what we need to do.
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我很清楚我们需要怎么做。
我们需要新型经济。
02:47
We need a new economics.
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02:51
So, economics has been described
as the dismal science,
as the dismal science,
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因此，经济学被描述为一门沉闷的科学，
02:55
and for good reason,
because as much as it is taught today,
because as much as it is taught today,
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有很好的理由，
因为尽管今天我们学了很多，
因为尽管今天我们学了很多，
02:58
it isn't a science at all,
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这根本不是一门科学，
03:00
in spite of all
of the dazzling mathematics.
of the dazzling mathematics.
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尽管其中的数学令人眼花缭乱。
03:03
In fact, a growing number
of academics and practitioners
of academics and practitioners
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事实上，越来越多的学者和实践者
03:06
have concluded that neoliberal
economic theory is dangerously wrong
economic theory is dangerously wrong
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得出结论认为新自由主义经济理论
是危险的错误
是危险的错误
03:12
and that today's growing crises
of rising inequality
of rising inequality
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并且今天日益加剧的不平等危机
03:16
and growing political instability
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和不断加剧的政治不稳定
03:17
are the direct result
of decades of bad economic theory.
of decades of bad economic theory.
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是几十年来糟糕的经济理论
的直接结果。
的直接结果。
03:23
What we now know is that the economics
that made me so rich isn't just wrong,
that made me so rich isn't just wrong,
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我们现在所知道的是，让我如此
富有的经济学理论不仅是错的，
富有的经济学理论不仅是错的，
03:29
it's backwards,
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而且是后退的，
03:31
because it turns out
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因为事实证明
03:33
it isn't capital
that creates economic growth,
that creates economic growth,
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不是资本创造了经济增长，
03:36
it's people;
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是群众；
03:39
and it isn't self-interest
that promotes the public good,
that promotes the public good,
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促进公共利益的不是自身利益，
03:44
it's reciprocity;
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是互惠；
03:46
and it isn't competition
that produces our prosperity,
that produces our prosperity,
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不是竞争造就了我们的繁荣，
03:50
it's cooperation.
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而是合作。
03:53
What we can now see is that an economics
that is neither just nor inclusive
that is neither just nor inclusive
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我们现在看到的是一个
既不公正也不包容的经济体，
既不公正也不包容的经济体，
03:58
can never sustain the high levels
of social cooperation
of social cooperation
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永远无法维持让现代社会繁荣
04:02
necessary to enable
a modern society to thrive.
a modern society to thrive.
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所必须的高水平的社会合作。
04:05
So where did we go wrong?
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所以我们哪里做错了？
04:09
Well, it turns out
that it's become painfully obvious
that it's become painfully obvious
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其实，这是显而易见的
04:13
that the fundamental assumptions
that undergird neoliberal economic theory
that undergird neoliberal economic theory
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那就是支撑新自由主义经济理论
的基本假设
的基本假设
04:19
are just objectively false,
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在客观上就是错误的，
04:22
and so today first I want to take you
through some of those mistaken assumptions
through some of those mistaken assumptions
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所以今天我想先带你们
看看这些错误的假设
看看这些错误的假设
04:26
and then after describe where the science
suggests prosperity actually comes from.
suggests prosperity actually comes from.
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然后讲讲科学表明繁荣的真正来源。
04:33
So, neoliberal economic
assumption number one is
assumption number one is
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所以，新自由主义经济学
的第一个假设是
的第一个假设是
04:37
that the market is
an efficient equilibrium system,
an efficient equilibrium system,
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市场是一个有效的均衡系统，
04:42
which basically means that if one thing
in the economy, like wages, goes up,
in the economy, like wages, goes up,
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也就是说，如果经济中有一样东西，
比如工资上涨，
比如工资上涨，
04:48
another thing in the economy,
like jobs, must go down.
like jobs, must go down.
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经济中的另一件事，
比如就业，必须下降。
比如就业，必须下降。
04:53
So for example, in Seattle, where I live,
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例如，在我居住的西雅图，
04:56
when in 2014 we passed
our nation's first 15 dollar minimum wage,
our nation's first 15 dollar minimum wage,
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2014年，我们通过了国家首个
15美元的最低工资标准，
15美元的最低工资标准，
05:02
the neoliberals freaked out
over their precious equilibrium.
over their precious equilibrium.
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新自由主义者为他们宝贵
的平衡而惊慌失措。
的平衡而惊慌失措。
05:07
"If you raise the price
of labor," they warned,
of labor," they warned,
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“如果你提高劳动力价格，”他们警告说，
05:10
"businesses will purchase less of it.
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“企业将减少购买。
05:12
Thousands of low-wage workers
will lose their jobs.
will lose their jobs.
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成千上万的低收入工人将失去工作。
05:14
The restaurants will close."
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餐馆将会关门。”
05:16
Except ...
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但是......
05:19
they didn't.
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这都没有发生。
05:20
The unemployment rate fell dramatically.
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失业率急剧下降。
05:25
The restaurant business in Seattle boomed.
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西雅图的餐饮业蓬勃发展。
05:28
Why?
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为什么？
05:30
Because there is no equilibrium.
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因为市场不是一个均衡系统。
05:33
Because raising wages
doesn't kill jobs, it creates them;
doesn't kill jobs, it creates them;
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因为提高工资不会扼杀就业机会，
而是创造就业机会;
而是创造就业机会;
05:36
because, for instance,
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例如，因为，
05:38
when restaurant owners are suddenly
required to pay restaurant workers enough
required to pay restaurant workers enough
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当餐馆老板突然被要求付给
餐馆员工足够的工资时，
餐馆员工足够的工资时，
05:43
so that now even they
can afford to eat in restaurants,
can afford to eat in restaurants,
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所以现在即便他们也可以在餐馆吃饭，
05:47
it doesn't shrink the restaurant business,
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它不会缩减餐饮业，
05:49
it grows it, obviously.
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反而呢，它增长生意。
05:53
(Applause)
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（欢呼）
谢谢。
05:54
Thank you.
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05:58
The second assumption is
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第二个假设是
06:01
that the price of something
is always equal to its value,
is always equal to its value,
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某物的价格总是等于它的价值，
06:06
which basically means
that if you earn 50,000 dollars a year
that if you earn 50,000 dollars a year
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也就是说如果你一年赚5万美元，
06:10
and I earn 50 million dollars a year,
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我每年赚5000万美元，
06:13
that's because I produce
a thousand times as much value as you.
a thousand times as much value as you.
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那是因为我创造的价值是你的一千倍。
06:18
Now,
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现在，
06:20
it will not surprise you to learn
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这不会让你太惊讶
06:23
that this is a very comforting assumption
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就是这是一个不错的假设，
06:25
if you're a CEO paying yourself
50 million dollars a year
50 million dollars a year
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如果你是一个企业的CEO每年赚五千万
06:28
but paying your workers poverty wages.
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并且你付给你的员工很低的工资的话。
06:31
But please, take it from somebody
who has run dozens of businesses:
who has run dozens of businesses:
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但是，请相信一位经营过
几十家企业的人:
几十家企业的人:
06:35
this is nonsense.
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这是无稽之谈。
06:38
People are not paid what they are worth.
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人们的工资与他们的价值无关。
06:40
They are paid what they have
the power to negotiate,
the power to negotiate,
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他们得到的报酬是他们有权协商的，
06:43
and wages' falling share of GDP
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工资占GDP的比例在下降
06:46
is not because workers
have become less productive
have become less productive
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不是因为工人的生产力下降了，
06:50
but because employers
have become more powerful.
have become more powerful.
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而是因为雇主的权力变大了。
06:54
And --
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而且
06:55
(Applause)
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（欢呼）
06:59
And by pretending that the giant imbalance
in power between capital and labor
in power between capital and labor
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而且通过假装资本和劳动力之间
巨大的力量不平衡
巨大的力量不平衡
07:04
doesn't exist,
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根本不存在，
07:06
neoliberal economic theory
became essentially
became essentially
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新自由主义经济理论在根本上
07:10
a protection racket for the rich.
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就是富人的保护伞。
07:13
The third assumption,
and by far the most pernicious,
and by far the most pernicious,
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第三种假设，也是迄今为止最有害的假设，
07:16
is a behavioral model
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是一个行为模型，
07:17
that describes human beings
as something called "homo economicus,"
as something called "homo economicus,"
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那就是将人类描述为“经济人”，
07:21
which basically means
that we are all perfectly selfish,
that we are all perfectly selfish,
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这基本意思是我们都非常自私，
07:26
perfectly rational
and relentlessly self-maximizing.
and relentlessly self-maximizing.
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完全的理性，并且不断地自我最大化。
07:31
But just ask yourselves,
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但问问你自己，
07:33
is it plausible that every single time
for your entire life,
for your entire life,
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你觉得在你一生中
当你有助于他人时
当你有助于他人时
07:37
when you did something
nice for somebody else,
nice for somebody else,
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都只是为了最大化你自己的效用，
07:39
all you were doing
was maximizing your own utility?
was maximizing your own utility?
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这种说法是可信的吗？
07:42
Is it plausible that when a soldier jumps
on a grenade to defend fellow soldiers,
on a grenade to defend fellow soldiers,
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你觉得一个士兵舍身掩盖住手榴弹
去保护他的战友时，
去保护他的战友时，
07:46
they're just promoting
their narrow self-interest?
their narrow self-interest?
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他们只是在促进他们的一己私利，
这种说法可信吗？
这种说法可信吗？
07:49
If you think that's nuts,
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如果你觉得这太荒唐了了，
07:51
contrary to any reasonable
moral intuition,
moral intuition,
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与任何合理的道德直觉相反，
07:54
that's because it is
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因为它的确是如此，
07:56
and, according to the latest science,
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根据最新的科学研究，
07:58
not true.
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假的。
07:59
But it is this behavioral model
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但恰恰就是这个行为模型，
08:02
which is at the cold, cruel heart
of neoliberal economics,
of neoliberal economics,
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这个以残忍为核心的新自由主义经济，
08:05
and it is as morally corrosive
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它在道德上的腐败
08:09
as it is scientifically wrong
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就如同它在科学上是如此错误一样，
08:11
because, if we accept at face value
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因为，如果我们接受了错误的想法——
08:16
that humans are fundamentally selfish,
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人类在本质上是自私的，
08:19
and then we look around the world
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那么我们看着这个世界里
08:22
at all of the unambiguous
prosperity in it,
prosperity in it,
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所有清晰的繁荣景象，
08:26
then it follows logically,
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那么根据逻辑，
08:28
then it must be true by definition,
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根据定义它一定是正确的，
08:30
that billions of individual
acts of selfishness
acts of selfishness
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数十亿个人的自私行为
08:34
magically transubstantiate
into prosperity and the common good.
into prosperity and the common good.
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奇迹般地转化为繁荣和共同利益。
08:38
If we humans are merely
selfish maximizers,
selfish maximizers,
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如果我们人类仅仅是自私的放大化者，
08:41
then selfishness
is the cause of our prosperity.
is the cause of our prosperity.
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那么自私就是我们财富的来源。
08:46
Under this economic logic,
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在这个经济逻辑下，
08:48
greed is good,
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贪婪是好的，
08:51
widening inequality is efficient,
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扩大不平等是有效的，
08:54
and the only purpose of the corporation
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公司的唯一目的，
08:56
can be to enrich shareholders,
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是让股东变得更加富有，
08:58
because to do otherwise
would be to slow economic growth
would be to slow economic growth
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因为如果不这样做，
经济增长就会放缓，
经济增长就会放缓，
09:02
and harm the economy overall.
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损害整体经济。
09:05
And it is this gospel of selfishness
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就是这种自私的福音
09:08
which forms the ideological cornerstone
of neoliberal economics,
of neoliberal economics,
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形成了新自由主义经济学
的意识形态基石，
的意识形态基石，
09:13
a way of thinking
which has produced economic policies
which has produced economic policies
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这种产生经济政策思维方式
09:16
which have enabled me and my rich buddies
in the top one percent
in the top one percent
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让我和我那些富有的朋友们进入了前1%，
09:20
to grab virtually all of the benefits
of growth over the last 40 years.
of growth over the last 40 years.
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从过去40年的经济增长中获益。
09:25
But,
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但，
09:26
if instead
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如果相反，
09:29
we accept the latest empirical research,
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我们接受最新的实证研究，
09:32
real science, which correctly
describes human beings
describes human beings
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真正的科学，即正确地描述了人类
09:36
as highly cooperative,
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是会高度合作，
09:39
reciprocal
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互惠的
09:40
and intuitively moral creatures,
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直觉上道德的生物，
09:43
then it follows logically
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那么必然是
09:46
that it must be cooperation
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合作
09:48
and not selfishness
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而不是自私
09:50
that is the cause of our prosperity,
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成就了我们的繁荣，
09:52
and it isn't our self-interest
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并不仅仅是我们自身的利益
09:54
but rather our inherent reciprocity
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而是我们整体的互惠
09:58
that is humanity's economic superpower.
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才是人类经济的超力量。
10:01
So at the heart of this new economics
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所以，这个新经济的核心
10:06
is a story about ourselves that grants us
permission to be our best selves,
permission to be our best selves,
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是一个关于我们自己的故事，
允许我们做最好的自己，
允许我们做最好的自己，
10:11
and, unlike the old economics,
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并且，与旧的经济学不同，
10:14
this is a story that is virtuous
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这是一个善良的故事
10:16
and also has the virtue of being true.
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也有真实的美德。
10:21
Now,
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现在，
10:22
I want to emphasize
that this new economics
that this new economics
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我想强调的是这种新的经济学
10:25
is not something I have personally
imagined or invented.
imagined or invented.
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不是我个人想象或发明的。
10:27
Its theories and models
are being developed and refined
are being developed and refined
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它的理论和模型正在发展和完善
10:30
in universities around the world
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2018
在世界各地的大学里
10:32
building on some of the best
new research in economics,
new research in economics,
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基于一些最好的经济学新研究，
10:36
complexity theory, evolutionary theory,
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复杂性理论，进化论，
10:37
psychology, anthropology
and other disciplines.
and other disciplines.
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心理学、人类学等学科。
10:41
And although this new economics
does not yet have its own textbook
does not yet have its own textbook
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尽管这种新的经济学
还没有自己的教科书
还没有自己的教科书
10:45
or even a commonly agreed upon name,
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甚至一个大家都同意的名字，
10:48
in broad strokes
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大体来说
10:50
its explanation of where prosperity
comes from goes something like this.
comes from goes something like this.
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它对繁荣从何而来的解释是这样的。
10:55
So, market capitalism
is an evolutionary system
is an evolutionary system
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所以，市场资本主义是一个进化系统，
11:00
in which prosperity emerges
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在其中财富的涌现是
11:02
through a positive feedback loop
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通过在不断增长的创新和
11:04
between increasing amounts of innovation
and increasing amounts of consumer demand.
and increasing amounts of consumer demand.
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不断增长的消费需求之间
的正反馈循环而获得的。
的正反馈循环而获得的。
11:09
Innovation is the process
by which we solve human problems,
by which we solve human problems,
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创新是我们解决人类问题的过程，
11:14
consumer demand is the mechanism
through which the market selects
through which the market selects
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消费者需求是市场选择
11:17
for useful innovations,
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有用创新的机制，
11:20
and as we solve more problems,
we become more prosperous.
we become more prosperous.
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随着我们解决更多的问题，
我们变得更加繁荣。
我们变得更加繁荣。
11:23
But as we become more prosperous,
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但随着我们变得更加繁荣，
11:27
our problems and solutions
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我们的问题和解决方案
11:29
become more complex,
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变得更加复杂，
11:32
and this increasing technical complexity
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技术的复杂性也在增加
11:35
requires ever higher levels
of social and economic cooperation
of social and economic cooperation
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需要更高水平的社会和经济合作
11:39
in order to produce
the more highly specialized products
the more highly specialized products
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以生产更加专业化的产品
11:42
that define a modern economy.
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以定义现代经济。
11:48
Now, the old economics
is correct, of course,
is correct, of course,
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4684
当然，旧的经济学是对的，
11:52
that competition plays a crucial role
in how markets work,
in how markets work,
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竞争在市场运作中起着至关重要的作用，
11:56
but what it fails to see
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但它却忽视了
11:58
is that it is largely a competition
between highly cooperative groups --
between highly cooperative groups --
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在很大程度上这是高度合作
的群体之间的竞争——
的群体之间的竞争——
12:03
competition between firms,
competition between networks of firms,
competition between networks of firms,
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公司之间的竞争，公司网络之间的竞争，
12:07
competition between nations --
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国与国之间的竞争——
12:10
and anyone who has ever run
a successful business knows
a successful business knows
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任何经营过成功企业的人都知道
12:14
that building a cooperative team
by including the talents of everyone
by including the talents of everyone
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通过吸收每个人的才能
来建立一个合作的团队
来建立一个合作的团队
12:19
is almost always a better strategy
than just a bunch of selfish jerks.
than just a bunch of selfish jerks.
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这几乎总是比一群自私
的混蛋好得多的策略。
的混蛋好得多的策略。
12:25
So how do we leave neoliberalism behind
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那么，我们如何将新自由主义抛诸脑后
12:32
and build a more sustainable,
more prosperous
more prosperous
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去建设一个更可持续、更繁荣的社会
12:37
and more equitable society?
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和一个更公平的社会呢？
12:40
The new economics suggests
just five rules of thumb.
just five rules of thumb.
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新经济学提出了五条经验法则。
12:44
First is that successful economies
are not jungles, they're gardens,
are not jungles, they're gardens,
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首先，成功的经济体不是丛林，而是花园，
12:51
which is to say that markets,
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也就是说市场，
12:55
like gardens, must be tended,
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就像花园，必须有人照料，
12:59
that the market is the greatest
social technology ever invented
social technology ever invented
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市场是有史以来解决人类的问题的
13:03
for solving human problems,
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最伟大的社会技术，
13:05
but unconstrained by social norms
or democratic regulation,
or democratic regulation,
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5185
但不受社会规范或民主监管的约束，
13:10
markets inevitably create
more problems than they solve.
more problems than they solve.
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市场不可避免地会产生比它们
解决的问题更多的问题。
解决的问题更多的问题。
13:14
Climate change,
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气候变化，
13:15
the great financial crisis of 2008
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2008年的经济危机
13:17
are two easy examples.
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是两个很简单的例子。
13:19
The second rule is
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第二点是，
13:23
that inclusion creates economic growth.
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包容创造了经济增长。
13:28
So the neoliberal idea
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所以这种新自由主义思想是
13:30
that inclusion is this fancy luxury
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如果我们的经济增长是
错误的，而且是倒退的，
错误的，而且是倒退的，
13:33
to be afforded if and when we have growth
is both wrong and backwards.
is both wrong and backwards.
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那么这种包容就是我们
能够负担得起的奢侈。
能够负担得起的奢侈。
13:39
The economy is people.
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经济是人民的。
13:42
Including more people in more ways
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包括更多人以更多不同的方式
13:44
is what causes economic growth
in market economies.
in market economies.
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在市场经济中导致了经济的增长。
13:49
The third principle
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第三点是
13:51
is the purpose of the corporation
is not merely to enrich shareholders.
is not merely to enrich shareholders.
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公司的目的不只是为了使股东富裕。
13:58
The greatest grift
in contemporary economic life
in contemporary economic life
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当代经济生活中最大的骗局
14:01
is the neoliberal idea that
the only purpose of the corporation
the only purpose of the corporation
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是新自由主义想法里
14:04
and the only responsibility of executives
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公司的唯一目的，
执行主管的唯一责任是
执行主管的唯一责任是
14:07
is to enrich themselves and shareholders.
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让他们自己和股东变得更富。
14:11
The new economics must and can insist
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5435
新经济必须并且坚持
14:17
that the purpose of the corporation
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企业的目的
14:19
is to improve the welfare
of all stakeholders:
of all stakeholders:
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是提升所有人利益：
14:22
customers, workers,
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顾客，工人，
14:24
community and shareholders alike.
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集体和股东一样。
14:28
Rule four:
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第四：
14:30
greed is not good.
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贪婪是错误的。
14:34
Being rapacious
doesn't make you a capitalist,
doesn't make you a capitalist,
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贪婪并不能让你成为资本家，
14:38
it makes you a sociopath.
256
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会让你成为一个变态。
14:40
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
14:42
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
14:47
And in an economy as dependent
upon cooperation at scale as ours,
upon cooperation at scale as ours,
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5184
在一个像我们这样依赖
大规模合作的经济体中，
大规模合作的经济体中，
14:52
sociopathy is as bad for business
as it is for society.
as it is for society.
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社会病态对企业和社会都是有害的。
14:57
And fifth and finally,
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第五，也是最后一点，
15:00
unlike the laws of physics,
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不像物理定律，
15:03
the laws of economics are a choice.
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经济学定律是一种选择。
15:08
Now, neoliberal economic theory
264
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新自由主义经济理论
15:10
has sold itself to you
as unchangeable natural law,
as unchangeable natural law,
265
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把自己当作不变的自然法则说服你，
15:15
when in fact it's social norms
and constructed narratives
and constructed narratives
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事实上，这种社会规范和构建的说法
15:19
based on pseudoscience.
267
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基于伪科学。
15:21
If we truly want a more equitable,
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3517
如果我们真的想要一个更公平的，
15:25
more prosperous
and more sustainable economy,
and more sustainable economy,
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更加繁荣和可持续的经济，
15:29
if we want high-functioning democracies
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如果我们想要高功能的民主
15:31
and civil society,
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和民主社会，
15:34
we must have a new economics.
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我们必须有新经济。
15:36
And here's the good news:
273
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好消息是：
15:38
if we want a new economics,
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如果我们想要拥有新经济，
15:40
all we have to do is choose to have it.
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我们所需要做的只是选择去拥有它。
15:44
Thank you.
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谢谢。
15:46
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
16:03
Moderator: So Nick,
I'm sure you get this question a lot.
I'm sure you get this question a lot.
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主持人:所以尼克,
我相信你经常会碰到这个问题。
我相信你经常会碰到这个问题。
16:08
If you're so unhappy
with the economic system,
with the economic system,
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如果你对经济体系如此不满，
16:11
why not just give all your money away
and join the 99 percent?
and join the 99 percent?
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为什么不捐出你所有的钱，
加入那99%的人呢?
加入那99%的人呢?
16:16
Nick Hanauer: Yeah, no, yes, right.
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尼克:是的，不，是的，没错。
16:19
You get that a lot. You get that a lot.
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经常有人这么问我。
16:20
"If you care so much about taxes,
why don't you pay more,
why don't you pay more,
283
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2726
“如果你这么在意税收，
为什么不多付一些呢?
为什么不多付一些呢?
16:23
and if you care so much about wages,
why don't you pay more?"
why don't you pay more?"
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2893
如果你那么在意工资，
为什么不多付一点呢?”
为什么不多付一点呢?”
16:26
And I could do that.
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1292
我可以那么做。
16:29
The problem is,
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1518
问题是，
16:30
it doesn't make that much difference,
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1809
那不会改变什么，
16:32
and I have discovered a strategy
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我发现策略
16:34
that works literally
a hundred thousand times better --
a hundred thousand times better --
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2934
比那有用无数倍。
16:37
Moderator: OK.
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主持人:好的。
16:38
NH: which is to use my money
to build narratives and to pass laws
to build narratives and to pass laws
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3559
NH:那就是用我的钱来
建立叙事并通过法律，
建立叙事并通过法律，
16:41
that will require
all the other rich people
all the other rich people
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这将会要求所有其他富人
16:43
to pay taxes and pay their workers better.
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为他们的工人支付更好的税收。
16:46
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
16:47
And so, for example,
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所以，比如，
16:49
the 15-dollar minimum wage
that we cooked up
that we cooked up
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我们制造的的15美元的最低收入
16:52
has now affected 30 million workers.
297
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1976
现在已经影响了3000万工人。
16:54
So that works better.
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1268
这更有用。
16:55
Moderator: That's great.
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主持人:太好了。
16:57
If you change your mind,
we'll find some takers for you.
we'll find some takers for you.
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如果你改变主意，我们会为你找到一些人选。
16:59
NH: OK. Thank you.
Moderator: Thank you very much.
Moderator: Thank you very much.
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NH:好的。谢谢你！
主持人:非常感谢。
主持人:非常感谢。
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Nick Hanauer - Venture capitalist, authorNick Hanauer has become an important voice in the raging debate on inequality — and his provocative argument is aimed at his fellow plutocrats.
Why you should listen
Nick Hanauer has founded, co-founded and funded more than 30 companies across a range of industries, with a pretty notable record of success. As a few highlights, he cofounded a company called aQuantive that sold to Microsoft for $6.4 billion, and was the first non-family investor in Amazon.
Meanwhile Hanauer, a “proud and unapologetic capitalist,” has also been looking closely at society’s growing inequality gap, and the consequences it holds for our shared destiny — and the ultimate fate of our democracies. In 2007, he and civic activist Eric Liu co-wrote the book The True Patriot, an examination of progressive patriotism. This was followed by 2011’s The Gardens of Democracy, also with Liu, a vision for “growing” good citizens.
In 2013, Hanauer published a commentary in Bloomberg BusinessWeek proposing a $15 minimum wage (a suggestion that Seattle acted on this year). Early in 2014, he and Eric Beinhocker published "Capitalism, Redefined." In the summer of 2014, Hanauer published a much-shared essay in Politico that suggests, if societal inequality is allowed to grow unchecked, modern societies could start looking an awful lot like pre-Revolutionary France.
He is working on a new book, due out in 2015.
Nick Hanauer | Speaker | TED.com