TEDGlobal 2017
Amar Inamdar: The thrilling potential for off-grid solar energy
艾玛尔·伊南达: 离网太阳能系统的巨大潜力
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在非洲，各个乡镇都发生了能源革命。离网太阳能系统正在取代传统电力系统。 艾玛尔·伊南达（Amar Inamdar）在演讲中大胆地向我们展示了这一真正的跳跃，并介绍了以拥有离网太阳能组件而引以自豪的业主们，还解释了这项技术如何能实现”全民通电“和“低碳未来“这两个非凡目标。“每个家庭都是骄傲的能源生产者和能源消费者，“他说。 “这是能源的民主。” （随后是与TED策展人克里斯·安德森（Chris Anderson）的简短问答环节）。
Amar Inamdar - Investor, entrepreneur
Amar Inamdar works with businesses and entrepreneurs to imagine, create and grow markets that address our biggest social and environmental challenges. Full bio
Amar Inamdar works with businesses and entrepreneurs to imagine, create and grow markets that address our biggest social and environmental challenges. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
在这个世界上，有一些
不可思议的变化正在发生。
不可思议的变化正在发生。
00:12
There's something
really incredible happening.
really incredible happening.
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目前全世界有
00:14
So there's over a billion people
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超过十亿的人用不上电。
00:17
who have no access to energy
whatsoever across the world,
whatsoever across the world,
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其中6200万在非洲。
00:20
620 million of them here in Africa.
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每户家庭连接电网
所需的费用是1500美元。
所需的费用是1500美元。
00:23
It costs about 1,500 dollars to connect
each household up to the grid.
each household up to the grid.
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如果你想等攒够了钱，
大概平均需要九年时间，
大概平均需要九年时间，
00:28
If you are going to wait for it,
it takes about nine years, on average,
it takes about nine years, on average,
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等你成功连上电时，
感觉好像一辈子都快过去了。
感觉好像一辈子都快过去了。
00:32
and that feels like a lifetime
when you're trying to make that happen.
when you're trying to make that happen.
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这简直是难以置信，
00:35
That's kind of unbelievable,
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也是无法接受的。
00:36
and it's also unacceptable.
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所以，是时候该采取行动了。
00:39
So let's do something about it.
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拥有一个能源系统是
电灯泡诞生的前提。
电灯泡诞生的前提。
00:42
The lightbulb comes from this idea
that you have an energy system
that you have an energy system
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这个发明创意是由特斯拉
00:45
that's made up of the ideas of Tesla
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00:49
and the ideas of Thomas Edison.
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和托马斯·爱迪生的理论综合而成的。
00:52
There was an evolution that said
it's not just about the lightbulb,
it's not just about the lightbulb,
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这场革命可不仅仅是关于电灯泡，
而是关于整个能源系统，
00:55
it's about the whole system,
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与电灯泡相适应的整个能源系统。
00:56
the whole energy system
that goes with that lightbulb,
that goes with that lightbulb,
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00:59
and what happened in that gilded age
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在镀金时代（美国内战后至一战前），
01:02
was the creation of an industrial system
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美国建立了工业体系。
01:05
that every country around the world
has now started to emulate.
has now started to emulate.
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而如今，世界各国都纷纷效仿。
01:08
So to get to the appliances,
you need to have power stations.
you need to have power stations.
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所以要用上家电，就得有发电站。
01:11
From power stations,
you need to have infrastructure,
you need to have infrastructure,
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要想建设发电站，你需要有基础设施
来帮助你实现通电，
01:13
and that infrastructure takes you
to the point of having electricity,
to the point of having electricity,
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然后你才能用上电灯泡和家用电器。
01:16
and you get to the lightbulbs
and the appliances
and the appliances
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这一切在我们眼中，都是理所当然的。
01:19
that we all take for granted.
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01:20
But the amazing thing, in a way,
is that there's a revolution happening
is that there's a revolution happening
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但其可贵之处在于，这场革命发生在
01:25
in the villages and towns
all around us here in East Africa.
all around us here in East Africa.
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东非的农村和乡镇中。
01:28
And the revolution is an echo
of the cell phone revolution.
of the cell phone revolution.
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这场革命是对手机革命的回应。
它也是无线的，
01:34
It's wireless,
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01:36
and that revolution is about solar
and it's about distributed solar.
and it's about distributed solar.
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是关于分布式太阳能发电的革命。
01:39
Photons are wireless,
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光子是无线的，
01:40
they fall on every rooftop,
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它们洒落在每一个屋顶上，
01:42
and they generate enough power
to be sufficient for every household need.
to be sufficient for every household need.
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能产生巨大的电能，
足以满足每个家庭的用电需要。
足以满足每个家庭的用电需要。
所以，这是一个极其伟大的革命。
01:49
So that's an incredible thing.
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不过有一个问题。
01:50
There's also a problem with it.
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01:53
Up until now, the technology
hasn't been there to make it happen,
hasn't been there to make it happen,
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直到现在，这项技术
还未能在东非成功推行，
还未能在东非成功推行，
而我们的理念是，我们必须有电网，
01:56
and the mindset has been
that we have to have the grid
that we have to have the grid
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才能促进工业增长，
02:02
to provide industrial growth
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02:04
and let countries develop
and create jobs and industrialize.
and create jobs and industrialize.
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让各国蓬勃发展，创造更多就业机会，
实现工业化社会。
实现工业化社会。
而我们目前面临的困境是
02:09
So we've gotten ourselves to the point
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建造电网以及遵循这种发展模式
02:12
where actually the costs
of building these grids
of building these grids
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02:15
and following that pattern of development
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所需要的费用之大
02:17
are really unsustainable.
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实在是难以为继。
02:20
If you add up the deficits
that all of the utilities run in Africa,
that all of the utilities run in Africa,
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如果你把所有在非洲运行的
公共事业的赤字加起来，
公共事业的赤字加起来，
02:25
sub-Saharan Africa,
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再加上撒哈拉以南非洲地区的，
02:28
you get to a number
of 21 billion dollars every year
of 21 billion dollars every year
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你得到的数字将会是
每年210亿美元，
每年210亿美元，
02:32
to maintain that system and keep it going.
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需要这样一笔巨大的资金
才能维护这个系统继续运行。
才能维护这个系统继续运行。
02:35
So an extraordinary amount of resources
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因此大量的资源
02:37
that's been put in to creating a system
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都已经被投入于建设这个系统，
02:40
that ultimately we will have
to wait a very long time for,
to wait a very long time for,
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但结果，这个系统需要我们
等很久才能完全落实，
等很久才能完全落实，
02:44
and when it comes,
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等到真正建成的那天，
这个体系往往缺乏足够的稳固性，
02:46
it often doesn't come
with sufficient robustness
with sufficient robustness
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无法维持国家的持续发展。
02:49
to allow us to go down
that path to development.
that path to development.
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02:52
So what a shame.
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这实在是太遗憾了。
但是也有好消息。
02:54
But here's what's happening,
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02:55
and here's the opportunity that I think
we should all get excited about.
we should all get excited about.
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我认为这其中存在着
巨大的机遇等待我们发掘。
巨大的机遇等待我们发掘。
02:59
So there's a group of companies
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那么有一些公司
在过去十年里一直在尝试
一步一步解决这个问题，
一步一步解决这个问题，
03:01
that have been chipping away
at this problem over the last 10 years,
at this problem over the last 10 years,
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这些公司
03:05
and this group of companies
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已经意识到有一个超大型核反应堆
03:07
have recognized the reality
that there's a great big nuclear reactor
that there's a great big nuclear reactor
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就处于我们头顶上的天空，
03:11
up there in the sky,
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03:12
and that Africa is more endowed
with that solar power
with that solar power
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而非洲的太阳能资源更是得天独厚，
在非洲，太阳赐予的能量
03:18
that comes from the sky, the sun,
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几乎比任何其他大陆都要多。
03:20
than almost any other continent.
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03:22
So the opportunity has come
to convert some of that solar power,
to convert some of that solar power,
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因此机会就在于将部分太阳能，
这种无线能源转化为家用电能。
03:27
wireless power, into energy
at the household level.
at the household level.
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在此过程中，还同时发生了三个变化。
03:31
And three things have happened
at the same time.
at the same time.
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03:34
First, the costs of solar
productivity have come down.
productivity have come down.
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一是太阳能发电的成本已经下降了。
因此，在你家屋顶上
安装太阳能板来发电，
安装太阳能板来发电，
03:37
So putting a panel on your roof
and generating power from it,
and generating power from it,
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这一成本在过去的30年间
已经大幅下降了，
已经大幅下降了，
03:40
that cost has absolutely collapsed
over the last 30 years,
over the last 30 years,
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降幅达95％。
03:43
and it's gone down by 95 percent.
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二是关于家电网络。
03:46
Second, the appliance network.
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03:49
So the group of appliances
that we've all gotten used to,
that we've all gotten used to,
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这些家用电器我们都已经用习惯了，
它们是我们想要甚至必需的，
被我们视作是日常生活的一部分，
被我们视作是日常生活的一部分，
03:51
we all want and we all need,
we all see as part of our everyday lives
we all see as part of our everyday lives
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保障了我们的健康和安全，
03:55
that give us health and security,
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03:57
those appliances have come down in cost.
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而那些电器的成本也都下降了。
举一个简单的例子，如果你用LED灯泡，
03:59
So if you take the LED lightbulb,
for example, a very simple thing,
for example, a very simple thing,
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它们现在的价格比5年前降低了85％。
04:02
they're now 85 percent less
than they were five years ago,
than they were five years ago,
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04:07
and their efficiency, when you
compare them to an incandescent bulb,
compare them to an incandescent bulb,
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但如果你把它们的效率
与白炽灯进行比较，
与白炽灯进行比较，
就是我在之前的幻灯片中
展示过的那种灯泡，
展示过的那种灯泡，
04:12
like the lightbulb I showed
in the previous slide,
in the previous slide,
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你会发现两者有着天壤之别。
04:16
is incredible.
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04:17
They give you 10 times
the amount of light,
the amount of light,
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LED灯提供的光能是白炽灯的10倍，
而它们的寿命期白炽灯的30倍。
04:20
and they last 30 times as long.
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04:22
And then the last thing that's happened
is of course the cell phone revolution,
is of course the cell phone revolution,
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最后一件无疑是与手机革命有关，
事实上我们正在
借助手机革命的浪潮，
借助手机革命的浪潮，
04:26
so we're piggybacking
off the cell phone revolution,
off the cell phone revolution,
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目前，我们可以让零散客户
04:28
and we can now make decentralized
customers make small payments
customers make small payments
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04:32
for bits of equipment and appliances
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为一些设备和家电付小额款项，
04:35
where actually they're now affordable.
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实际上他们现在是负担得起的。
04:38
We can pay them off
over a daily or a weekly schedule.
over a daily or a weekly schedule.
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我们可以按日或按周分期结清。
04:40
So this is an incredible change
in the economy that's happening,
in the economy that's happening,
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这对非洲经济而言
是一个巨大的飞跃。
是一个巨大的飞跃。
04:44
and it's really opened up
something very, very innovative.
something very, very innovative.
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它的确带来了一些
非常有创意的变化。
非常有创意的变化。
04:47
So I'm going to introduce you
to a lady I met with last week.
to a lady I met with last week.
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现在，我要给你们介绍
一位我上周认识的女士。
一位我上周认识的女士。
她叫苏珊。
04:50
Her name's Susan.
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04:51
It may not look like it,
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也许看起来不太像，
04:53
but Susan is a representative
of a $27 billion market.
of a $27 billion market.
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但事实上她代表着
价值270亿美元的市场。
价值270亿美元的市场。
无数像苏珊一样的人
每年共计花费270亿美元
每年共计花费270亿美元
04:59
27 billion dollars is what people
like Susan spend every year
like Susan spend every year
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05:02
on cell phone charging,
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在手机充电、
05:05
flashlight batteries and kerosene
to light their homes.
to light their homes.
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手电筒电池、
以及家用照明的煤油上。
以及家用照明的煤油上。
05:10
So Susan is a proud owner
of a small solar system.
of a small solar system.
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苏珊很自豪，她仿佛拥有了
一个小太阳系来满足她的用电需求。
一个小太阳系来满足她的用电需求。
这是一整套设备而非单件器具，
05:14
It's a kit rather than a planetary thing,
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所以是一个小太阳系，
05:16
so a small solar system,
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05:18
and her small solar system
allows her to have a couple of lightbulbs,
allows her to have a couple of lightbulbs,
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而她的小太阳系让她
拥有了几个电灯泡，
拥有了几个电灯泡，
05:22
and she's made this transition,
this jump, from kerosene into light.
this jump, from kerosene into light.
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她实现了从煤油到电灯的跨越。
她拥有四到五个灯和一个收音机。
05:26
She has four or five lights and a radio.
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这真的很棒。
她谈起她改变后的生活。
她谈起她改变后的生活。
05:28
It's fantastic, and she talks about it.
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05:30
She talks about her kids doing homework
at night because she has light.
at night because she has light.
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她说，她的孩子晚上
可以做功课了，因为家里有灯。
可以做功课了，因为家里有灯。
05:34
I'm not sure what
the kids feel about that.
the kids feel about that.
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虽然我不确定孩子们感觉如何。
05:36
She talks about the fact that she can
go out at 4am and look after the cows,
go out at 4am and look after the cows,
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但苏珊说她可以凌晨4点
出门去照料奶牛，
出门去照料奶牛，
而且丝毫不用担心天太黑，
05:41
and she's not so worried,
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05:43
but also, with a little
twinkle in her eye,
twinkle in her eye,
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谈到动情处，她眼中
甚至有泪光在闪烁。
甚至有泪光在闪烁。
她说在晚上，灯光将
冰冷的房子变成温暖的家。
冰冷的房子变成温暖的家。
05:46
she talks about how light
turns her house into a home at night.
turns her house into a home at night.
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她现在晚上不用再害怕
自己的房子了，
自己的房子了，
05:50
She's not scared
of her own house at night,
of her own house at night,
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05:53
because it has light in it,
and I thought that was amazing.
and I thought that was amazing.
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因为家里有灯，这真的很棒。
05:56
So Susan does something
that many customers of these companies
that many customers of these companies
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苏珊做了一些事情，
和我提到的公司的顾客
和我提到的公司的顾客
06:00
that I talked about do,
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做的事情不谋而合，
她迫使我们去创新。
06:01
and she forces us to innovate.
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06:03
She challenges companies, saying,
"I've got the radio and the lights.
"I've got the radio and the lights.
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她给公司提出挑战，
说：“我已经有收音机和灯了。
说：“我已经有收音机和灯了。
但我还想要一台电视机。
06:07
You know what? I'd like a TV.
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06:08
I'd like to entertain,
educate me and my kids.
educate me and my kids.
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我想要丰富娱乐生活，
想通过电视自学，并教育孩子。
想通过电视自学，并教育孩子。
其次，为了我的孩子考虑，
我还想要几个理发器，
我还想要几个理发器，
06:14
And then I would like to have
some hair clippers for my kids,
some hair clippers for my kids,
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06:17
you know, to cut my kids' hair,
and I'd love to have a fridge.
and I'd love to have a fridge.
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我得替孩子理发，
此外我还很想有一个冰箱。”
此外我还很想有一个冰箱。”
06:20
And she's coined something
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她创造了一些
06:22
that the energy world
is really hungry to do.
is really hungry to do.
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能源行业迫切希望实现的事情。
06:27
The idea that she's coined
is the energy ladder.
is the energy ladder.
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她提出的是“能源阶梯”的想法。
06:29
It starts, again, with a lightbulb. Right?
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这次还是从一个灯泡开始。
06:32
And the lightbulb is an idea
that we can get our kids to do homework,
that we can get our kids to do homework,
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灯泡只是一个初步想法，
它让我们的孩子能够在家做功课，
它让我们的孩子能够在家做功课，
06:37
and very cheap, about five dollars,
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而且很便宜，大概只要五美元，
06:40
and we can get it distributed.
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我们可以分发灯泡。
06:41
But then let's go up from there.
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但我们要从更高的层次看。
06:43
This is the kit that Susan has:
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这是苏珊所拥有的：
06:45
four lightbulbs, radio,
maybe a little flashlight,
maybe a little flashlight,
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四个灯泡，一个收音机，
也许还有一个小手电筒，
也许还有一个小手电筒，
06:49
a little solar panel on the roof.
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还有屋顶上的一个小太阳能电池板。
06:51
And then let's go up again.
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我们再上一层。
06:53
We can get maybe at about 500 dollars,
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这一套大概还需要500美元，
06:58
the previous kit was maybe $150,
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而之前拥有的全部家电配件
总价值约150美元，
总价值约150美元，
07:01
again, paid for over time,
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这次也是分期付款，
07:03
two years to pay it all off,
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两年内全部付清，
07:04
you can get the TV,
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你就可以拿到电视，
07:05
so the lightbulbs and the TV.
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那么这时就拥有了灯泡和电视。
07:08
And you start to ask yourself,
"So where is this headed?"
"So where is this headed?"
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于是你开始问自己，
“这一理念将指引我们走向何方？”
“这一理念将指引我们走向何方？”
07:11
Is this headed here,
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这是否会
让我们可以拥有分布式系统，
07:13
where we can have distributed systems
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07:16
with the right infrastructure
to provide power
to provide power
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配备有合适的基础设施，
为我们的医院和学校来提供电力？
07:18
for our hospitals and our schools?
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07:21
And really how far can this go?
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这真的能帮助我们实现这些吗？
07:23
And this is the mindset shift
that I think is really exciting.
that I think is really exciting.
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不过这种心态上的转变
真的很鼓舞人心。
真的很鼓舞人心。
07:27
How far can we go?
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我们到底能走多远？
这种理念真的能奏效吗？
07:29
Could it get up to here?
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07:31
You know, this is the conceptual design
for one of the world's biggest factories,
for one of the world's biggest factories,
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要知道，这一概念设计
是来自于世界上最大的工厂之一，
是来自于世界上最大的工厂之一，
07:35
designed to be fully solar-powered
and fully off grid.
and fully off grid.
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旨在实现完全依靠
太阳能供电的离网型照明。
太阳能供电的离网型照明。
07:40
Maybe we can get that.
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也许我们是可以做到的。
07:42
So there's a generation of these companies
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确实有这样一群公司
07:46
that are out there doing this work
and creating thousands of jobs,
and creating thousands of jobs,
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在坚持朝着这个方向努力，
创造了数以千计的工作机会，
创造了数以千计的工作机会，
制造并销售了数以万计的
这种太阳能发电系统，
这种太阳能发电系统，
07:52
creating, selling, tens of thousands
of these solar systems,
of these solar systems,
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07:56
so bringing tens of thousands
of families into light,
of families into light,
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让无数家庭用上电灯，
07:59
and tackling that big $1 billion problem
that I talked about at the beginning,
that I talked about at the beginning,
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并正在解决我之前提过的
那个10亿美元的大问题。
那个10亿美元的大问题。
08:03
and really innovating.
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它们才是真的在创新。
08:05
And what they're doing is,
they're not only energy companies,
they're not only energy companies,
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此外，它们的业务范围很广，
不仅仅是能源公司，
不仅仅是能源公司，
08:09
they're also credit finance companies,
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还是信贷财务公司，
08:11
so they're bringing
people into an economy.
people into an economy.
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带人们参与进经济社会中。
08:14
They're retail companies,
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它们还是零售公司，
08:17
so they're taking products out
to people in the connecting markets.
to people in the connecting markets.
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把产品销售给中介市场的客户。
08:21
And they're appliance companies,
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它们还是家电公司，
08:23
so they're developing
extraordinary products
extraordinary products
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正在研发卓越的、
高效而又廉价的产品。
08:25
that are very efficient and very cheap.
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08:29
So an extraordinary thing
is happening out there
is happening out there
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因此，伟大的变化正在那里发生，
08:31
that's worth recognizing.
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它值得世界的认可。
然而，它又将带领我们走向何方？
08:35
And where does it take us?
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08:36
From a governmental perspective,
from a social perspective,
from a social perspective,
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从政府和社会的角度来看，
08:40
it takes us out to two really big goals.
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它引领我们去实现
两个非常宏大的目标。
两个非常宏大的目标。
08:44
We aspire towards
energy access for everybody,
energy access for everybody,
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一是我们渴望为每个人提供能源，
08:47
and we aspire towards
a fully-functioning low-carbon economy.
a fully-functioning low-carbon economy.
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其次，我们希望建设
一个功能完善的低碳经济。
一个功能完善的低碳经济。
08:54
And we're getting to the point
where we're seeing
where we're seeing
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我们此刻正在朝着目标努力，
一个功能完善的低碳经济
08:56
the fully-functioning low-carbon economy
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不仅是让人们能够接入电网，
08:58
is not just about
getting people onto the grid,
getting people onto the grid,
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09:03
it's about getting people onto electricity
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更要让人们用上电，
09:06
and doing it in a way
that's really dignified.
that's really dignified.
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并以一种有尊严的方式实现。
请各位想象一下，
09:13
So I want us all
to picture it for a moment,
to picture it for a moment,
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09:16
really picture what this could mean:
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认真思考这可能意味着什么：
09:18
[New energy ecosystem]
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[新能源生态系统]
09:20
an energy system that's not
just about subsistence power,
just about subsistence power,
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这个能源系统不仅能提升生存能力，
09:23
getting the family off the kerosene,
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帮助一些家庭
从煤油时代进入电灯时代，
从煤油时代进入电灯时代，
09:26
but it's actually the full suite
of appliances and tools
of appliances and tools
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事实上它能提供
一整套的家电和工具，
一整套的家电和工具，
09:33
and productivity
that we've all gotten used to,
that we've all gotten used to,
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并带来与之相适应的生产力，
尽管这些我们都已经习以为常了。
尽管这些我们都已经习以为常了。
09:36
so actually energy at a scale
that can drive industrial development.
that can drive industrial development.
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而实际上能达到这等规模的
能源系统就足以推动工业发展了。
能源系统就足以推动工业发展了。
09:41
And it's the ability to have
powerful tools.
powerful tools.
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同时，这也是一种
拥有高效工具的能力，
拥有高效工具的能力，
09:47
It's the ability to be productive
in the households, as a farmer,
in the households, as a farmer,
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是一种在农户中高效生产的
能力，无论你是农民、
能力，无论你是农民、
09:51
or as a carpenter or as a tailor
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木匠、还是裁缝，
09:53
and get your businesses to work
and bring you into the economy.
and bring you into the economy.
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并让企业家的公司能够运转，
引领人们进入低碳经济。
引领人们进入低碳经济。
09:57
And I was working again
a couple of days ago with a farmer
a couple of days ago with a farmer
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几天前，我还与一位农民打过交道，
10:00
just outside of Nairobi, small field,
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就在内罗比（肯尼亚首都）
郊外的小田地里，
郊外的小田地里，
10:03
and he has an irrigation pump
that's run off solar,
that's run off solar,
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他有一个灌溉泵，是太阳能驱动的，
10:06
and he was bragging about
how much of a difference it made
how much of a difference it made
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他向我夸耀这个机器
给他的生产力带来了巨大的提升。
10:10
to his productivity.
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10:12
When we were listening to him,
we were asking ourselves,
we were asking ourselves,
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当我们在听他的故事时，
我们问自己，
我们问自己，
什么时候
10:15
at what point will it be
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你会用屋顶上的太阳能电池板
为你的电动代步车充电，
为你的电动代步车充电，
10:17
that actually, you will be charging
an electric scooter off your rooftop
an electric scooter off your rooftop
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10:21
and taking your crops to market
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并且把你的农作物运输到市场上时，
10:23
with mobility that you've charged
yourself, using your own power?
yourself, using your own power?
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你用的是自己生产的电能？
10:30
And that's an extraordinary thing
that's happening,
that's happening,
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这一正在发生的变化是非常伟大的，
当你听苏珊和弗朗西斯
述说他们的故事时，
述说他们的故事时，
10:33
and if you listen to Susan and Francis,
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你会得出这样的结论：
10:34
you get to this point where you say,
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10:36
"These guys have
this extraordinary sense of dignity
this extraordinary sense of dignity
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“这些人拥有这种非凡的尊严感，
10:41
about the way they're
achieving their power,
achieving their power,
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来源于他们获取电能的方式，
10:43
the sense of ownership
and the sense of pride,
and the sense of pride,
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同时他们还拥有
所有权意识和自豪感。
所有权意识和自豪感。
10:46
and I'm going to flip
into a little tiny video clip,
into a little tiny video clip,
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现在，我将播放一个短视频片段，
10:49
which is from a distributor of one
of these companies that I'm talking about.
of these companies that I'm talking about.
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是来自我谈到的
这些公司中的一个经销商。
这些公司中的一个经销商。
10:52
And he puts it better
than anyone I've ever heard it.
than anyone I've ever heard it.
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他所讲的比我听过的
其他任何人的都要好。
其他任何人的都要好。
大家听听看。
10:55
So just listen to this.
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10:58
Martin: So if it does happen
that we get to a point
that we get to a point
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马丁：如果我们真的能做到，
11:01
where every home has their own
independent supply of energy,
independent supply of energy,
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使每个家庭都有独立的能源供应，
11:06
that will give us the democracy of energy.
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这将给我们带来能源民主。
11:09
That's it.
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就是这样。
每个人都有这个选择，
11:10
And everybody has that choice,
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11:12
and everybody knows
when they want to switch it on or off,
when they want to switch it on or off,
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众所周知，当他们想打开或关闭它时，
11:15
whether they want to sell access
or whether they want to store it.
or whether they want to store it.
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无论他们是想出售还是留着，
11:18
That freedom getting back
into the hands of the consumer,
into the hands of the consumer,
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自由选择权都在消费者的手中。
11:22
that would be the most exciting thing.
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这将是最令人兴奋的事情。
11:27
Amar Inamdar: Brilliant, right?
That was Martin,
That was Martin,
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演讲者：这很棒是吧？这就是马丁。
11:30
and he has a really
wonderful turn of phrase,
wonderful turn of phrase,
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他的措辞非常出色，
11:32
and what a sense of vision
that he captures.
that he captures.
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同时拥有卓越的眼界。
大家想象一下：
11:36
So picture that for a moment:
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每一个家庭既是一个骄傲的能源生产者，
也是一个能源消耗者。
也是一个能源消耗者。
11:38
every household a proud producer
as well as consumer of energy ...
as well as consumer of energy ...
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11:47
the ability to generate power,
to share power, to sell power,
to share power, to sell power,
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无论是发电、与他人分享电能、
还是出售电能，
还是出售电能，
11:51
all coming from your own generating asset
sitting on your own property.
sitting on your own property.
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全部都来自于您自己的生财资产，
都是您自己的财产。
都是您自己的财产。
11:56
Maybe even think about
crowdsourcing with your neighbors
crowdsourcing with your neighbors
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或许您甚至考虑过依靠自己的能力
11:59
the grid from the ground up,
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与邻居一起众包电网，
12:01
rather than waiting for the government
to bring it from the top down.
to bring it from the top down.
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而不是空等政府自上而下地来分配。
12:05
So in Africa, we have this
extraordinary opportunity right now,
extraordinary opportunity right now,
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因此，在非洲，
我们现在有一个绝佳的机会，
我们现在有一个绝佳的机会，
一个非凡的机会，
12:11
an extraordinary opportunity,
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12:13
to change the world
and create an energy system
and create an energy system
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来改变世界，并创建一个能源系统，
12:16
that everybody will be jealous of,
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所有人肯定都会艳羡的这个系统的，
大家会把我们视为创新者。
12:19
and everybody will look to us
as the innovators of.
as the innovators of.
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12:23
And that's the democracy of energy.
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而这就是能源民主。
非常感谢你们的倾听。
12:27
Thank you very much.
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12:29
(Applause)
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（掌声）
主持人：现在让我们
进入快速提问环节。
进入快速提问环节。
12:33
Chris Anderson: Quick question.
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12:34
So it's a really exciting vision.
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您所讲的的确是
一个非常令人兴奋的愿景。
一个非常令人兴奋的愿景。
12:36
Help us understand,
what are the key roadblocks right now?
what are the key roadblocks right now?
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能给我们讲讲，
现在遇到的主要障碍是什么吗？
现在遇到的主要障碍是什么吗？
12:39
Like, what could make this go faster?
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比如，怎样才能使它运作得更快？
12:43
AI: So the first one, I think, is really
the intermittency of solar power.
the intermittency of solar power.
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演讲人：首先，我认为是
太阳能发电的间歇性问题。
太阳能发电的间歇性问题。
12:47
So the problem is that the sun
only shines for 12 hours a day,
only shines for 12 hours a day,
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这个问题在于
太阳每天只能发光12小时，
太阳每天只能发光12小时，
12:51
so you've got darkness for 12 hours a day,
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因此一天中有12个小时是黑夜，
12:54
and we need to have storage solutions
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我们就需要有制定存储电能的方案，
12:56
that are better to help us
take us down that path.
take us down that path.
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这能帮助我们
在这条路上更好地发展下去。
在这条路上更好地发展下去。
12:58
So storage is really one.
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所以存储问题真的是
目前较大的一个阻碍。
目前较大的一个阻碍。
13:00
CA: And those prices are coming down.
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主持人：而且价格正在下跌。
演讲者：是的，价格会下跌得很快。
13:02
AI: And those prices
are coming down very quickly.
are coming down very quickly.
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第二个问题是关于电器的。
13:04
Second, the appliance set.
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我们得提高它的效率，
13:06
So it needs to get more efficient,
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13:08
and it needs to get more diverse.
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使之更加多样化。
13:09
We need to do more of the things
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我们还需要做更多的事情。
我们想在非洲改进配套的家电设备。
13:11
we in Africa want to do
with the appliance set.
with the appliance set.
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主持人：直流电器。
13:13
CA: DC appliances.
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演讲人：是的，直流电器。
13:14
AI: DC appliances,
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13:16
and I think there's a real
opportunity there, Chris.
opportunity there, Chris.
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克里斯，我认为这其中
存在着巨大的机遇。
存在着巨大的机遇。
在我看来，这一机遇
13:18
I think the opportunity
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我们可以转移部分花在当前电力系统上的
13:20
is that we could shift some of these
21 billion dollars of subsidies
21 billion dollars of subsidies
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4531
13:25
that governments are spending
on the current electricity system
on the current electricity system
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高达210亿美元的政府补贴，
然后我们可以促进非洲的研发，
13:28
and we could promote R&D here in Africa
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13:32
to create some of these products,
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开发一些这类的产品，
13:34
to be some of these entrepreneurs,
and make this happen.
and make this happen.
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成为这些企业家中的一员，
让这些计划成真。
让这些计划成真。
13:36
So create this new system here.
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因此，要在这里建设这个新系统。
13:39
CA: And some of the companies themselves,
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主持人：有些公司本身也存在顾虑，
我是说这里的市场有大量的需求。
13:41
I mean, there's plenty of demand there.
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是什么阻碍他们回应这些需求？
13:43
What's holding them back
from supplying that demand?
from supplying that demand?
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他们中有一些人说，
13:46
I mean, some of them talk about,
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他们想卖出现在售价的10倍。
13:47
they would like to sell 10x
what they can currently sell.
what they can currently sell.
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13:50
AI: Exactly. So for many
of these capitals,
of these capitals,
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演讲者：的确如此。
对许多这类的资产而言，
对许多这类的资产而言，
市场无法给消费者的风险合理定价。
13:53
it's that markets don't price
consumer risk very well,
consumer risk very well,
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13:56
and particularly in markets like ours,
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特别是像我们这样的
13:58
in emerging markets and here in Africa.
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一些新兴市场和非洲的市场。
14:02
So there's not enough working capital
coming into this space
coming into this space
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所以才缺乏足够的
营运资本进入这个市场。
营运资本进入这个市场。
14:05
because the big financiers
look at this space and say,
look at this space and say,
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因为金融大亨评估这个市场时会说：
“我不知道如何给风险定价，
所以我要远离它。”
所以我要远离它。”
14:08
"I don't know how to price that risk,
so I'm going to stay away from it."
so I'm going to stay away from it."
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这就是让这些公司望而却步的原因。
14:11
And that's holding
a lot of these companies back.
a lot of these companies back.
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14:14
CA: Well, it's incredibly exciting
to picture what could happen here.
to picture what could happen here.
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主持人：想象一下这里的前景
的确非常振奋人心。
的确非常振奋人心。
14:18
In my mind, this might be
the biggest leapfrog of them all.
the biggest leapfrog of them all.
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在我看来，
这可能是其中最大的突破。
这可能是其中最大的突破。
14:22
And thank you for all you're doing
and for sharing that vision
and for sharing that vision
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感谢你所做的一切，
并积极地与我们分享
并积极地与我们分享
这一美好愿景。
14:25
so powerfully.
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Amar Inamdar - Investor, entrepreneurAmar Inamdar works with businesses and entrepreneurs to imagine, create and grow markets that address our biggest social and environmental challenges.
Why you should listen
Amar Inamdar is an investor, advisor and entrepreneur from East Africa. He is the Managing Director of an investment fund focused on the transformation of energy markets in eastern Africa. His goal is to scale world-class companies that bring clean power to millions of underserved customers and drive economic growth.
Inamdar brings more than 20 years of experience of building teams, markets and businesses in emerging economies. He managed a global portfolio of high-risk, high-impact projects for 10 years at the International Finance Corporation and the World Bank before joining the new business team at Royal Dutch Shell to drive growth in domestic African energy markets. He brings the hands-on experience of working with the boards and management teams of emerging market companies to scale and grow. He worked on transformative projects in India, Nepal, Mozambique, Kenya, Tanzania, Ethiopia and the Philippines. In the early 2000s, Inamdar was the founder of a UK-based advisory firm, building the team and creating a values-driven business that is still successful, 17 years later.
Inamdar graduated from the University of Oxford and has a PhD from the University of Cambridge.
Amar Inamdar | Speaker | TED.com