ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jane Fonda - Actor and activist
Jane Fonda has had three extraordinary careers (so far): Oscar-winning actor, fitness guru, impassioned activist.

Why you should listen

Jane Fonda is an actor, author, producer and activist supporting environmental issues, peace and female empowerment. She founded the Georgia Campaign for Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention, and established the Jane Fonda Center for Adolescent Reproductive Health at  Emory. She cofounded the Women’s Media Center, and sits on the board of V-Day, a global effort to stop violence against women and girls.

Fonda's remarkable screen and stage career includes two Best Actress Oscars, an Emmy, a Tony Award nomination and an Honorary Palme d’Or from the Cannes Film Festival. Offstage, she revolutionized the fitness industry in the 1980s with Jane Fonda’s Workout — the all-time top-grossing home video. She has written a best-selling memoir, My Life So Far, and Prime Time, a comprehensive guide to living life to the fullest.

More profile about the speaker
Jane Fonda | Speaker | TED.com
TEDxWomen 2011

Jane Fonda: Life's third act

珍·芳達: 生命的第三幕

Filmed:
2,712,903 views

在這個世代中,我們的平均壽命多增加了30年 -- 這些額外的30年不只是生命中的一段註腳或病理學上的現象。珍·芳達於TEDxWomen談論到,可以如何思索這生命中的新階段。
- Actor and activist
Jane Fonda has had three extraordinary careers (so far): Oscar-winning actor, fitness guru, impassioned activist. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
There have been many許多 revolutions革命
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上一世紀中發生了
00:17
over the last century世紀,
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許多革命性的事情,
00:19
but perhaps也許 none沒有 as significant重大
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但或許沒有"長壽革命"
00:21
as the longevity長壽 revolution革命.
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要來的意義非凡。
00:24
We are living活的 on average平均 today今天
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我們現今的平均壽命
00:26
34 years年份 longer than our great-grandparents曾祖父母 did.
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比我們的曾祖父母多34年。
00:29
Think about that.
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想想看。
00:31
That's an entire整個 second第二 adult成人 lifetime一生
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這是我們壽命中增加的
00:34
that's been added添加 to our lifespan壽命.
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第二段成人期。
00:36
And yet然而, for the most part部分,
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然而,重點來了,
00:38
our culture文化 has not come to terms條款 with what this means手段.
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我們的文化卻尚未意識到它所代表的涵意。
00:41
We're still living活的 with the old paradigm範例
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我們仍然照著舊式生命拱形曲線
00:44
of age年齡 as an arch.
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而生活著。
00:46
That's the metaphor隱喻, the old metaphor隱喻.
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這是比喻,舊的比喻。
00:48
You're born天生, you peak at midlife中年
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我們出生,在中年進入高峰
00:50
and decline下降 into decrepitude衰老.
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然後曲線下降到衰老期。
00:52
(Laughter笑聲)
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♪笑聲♪
00:54
Age年齡 as pathology病理.
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老化是跟著病理學曲線而行的。
00:56
But many許多 people today今天 --
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但現今有許多人﹣
00:58
philosophers哲學家, artists藝術家, doctors醫生, scientists科學家們 --
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哲學家、藝術家、醫生、科學家﹣
01:01
are taking服用 a new look at what I call the third第三 act法案,
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對我所謂的”生命的第三幕“,也就是
01:04
the last three decades幾十年 of life.
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生命中最後的30年有了新的看法。
01:07
They realize實現 that this is actually其實 a developmental發展的 stage階段 of life
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他們認為它事實上是別具意義的
01:12
with its own擁有 significance意義 --
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一段人生發展階段 --
01:14
as different不同 from midlife中年
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從中年時期到後30年的發展,
01:17
as adolescence青春期 is from childhood童年.
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就有如從兒童時期到青少年時期般的不同。
01:20
And they are asking -- we should all be asking --
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他們因而提出了疑問﹣我們應該也要想想﹣
01:23
how do we use this time?
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要如何運用這時光?
01:26
How do we live生活 it successfully順利?
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該如何活的有意義呢?
01:28
What is the appropriate適當 new metaphor隱喻
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”老化“一詞應重新定義
01:30
for aging老化?
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為何呢?
01:32
I've spent花費 the last year researching研究 and writing寫作 about this subject學科.
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去年我一直在研究及撰寫這個議題。
01:35
And I have come to find
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我找到較適合代替
01:37
that a more appropriate適當 metaphor隱喻 for aging老化
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”老化“的新比喻﹣
01:41
is a staircase樓梯 --
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就是爬樓梯﹣
01:43
the upward向上 ascension上升 of the human人的 spirit精神,
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那象徵人類精神的提昇,
01:47
bringing使 us into wisdom智慧, wholeness整體性
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也就是帶領我們朝向智慧、完整
01:49
and authenticity真偽.
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及真實的精神提昇。
01:51
Age年齡 not at all as pathology病理;
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老化不是病理學的名詞,
01:53
age年齡 as potential潛在.
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老化是具潛質的。
01:55
And guess猜測 what?
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你們知道嗎?
01:57
This potential潛在 is not for the lucky幸運 few少數.
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這樣的潛質不是少數人才有。
01:59
It turns out,
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我發現,
02:01
most people over 50
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大部分年過50的人
02:03
feel better, are less stressed強調,
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自我感覺較良好、較少有壓力感
02:05
are less hostile敵對, less anxious.
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、較友善、比較沒有焦慮感。
02:07
We tend趨向 to see commonalities共性
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面對事情的態度
02:09
more than differences分歧.
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大多見怪不怪。
02:11
Some of the studies學習 even say
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有些研究甚至指出
02:13
we're happier幸福.
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我們是比較快樂的。
02:15
This is not what I expected預期, trust相信 me.
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相信我,這樣的結論跟我原先預期的不同。
02:17
I come from a long line of depressives抑鬱症.
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我曾經焦慮了好長一段時間。
02:20
As I was approaching接近 my late晚了 40s,
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在我快50歲的時候
02:22
when I would wake喚醒 up in the morning早上
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早上醒來腦中浮現的
02:24
my first six thoughts思念 would all be negative.
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前六個想法都是負面的。
02:26
And I got scared害怕.
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我因而感到恐懼。
02:28
I thought, oh my gosh天哪.
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我想著"天啊,
02:30
I'm going to become成為 a crotchety怪想 old lady淑女.
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我快變成思想怪異的老女人了。
02:32
But now that I am actually其實 smack-dab嫌-DAB in the middle中間 of my own擁有 third第三 act法案,
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現在我正處於生命的第三章,
02:36
I realize實現 I've never been happier幸福.
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我卻快樂的不得了。
02:39
I have such這樣 a powerful強大 feeling感覺 of well-being福利.
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我感到非常的安穩。
02:44
And I've discovered發現
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而我發現,
02:46
that when you're inside oldness故鄉,
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當我們的內在,相對於從外表來看
02:48
as opposed反對 to looking at it from the outside,
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也相對”陳年"了,
02:50
fear恐懼 subsides補貼.
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恐懼感也會跟著消失。
02:52
You realize實現, you're still yourself你自己 --
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最後會發現,你還是你﹣
02:54
maybe even more so.
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也可能因而更了解自己。
02:56
Picasso畢加索 once一旦 said, "It takes a long time to become成為 young年輕."
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畢卡索曾說"經歷歲月後才能變年輕"。
03:00
(Laughter笑聲)
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♪笑聲♪
03:02
I don't want to romanticize浪漫 aging老化.
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我不是要將衰老浪漫化。
03:04
Obviously明顯, there's no guarantee保證
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當然,
03:06
that it can be a time of fruition享用 and growth發展.
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要開花結果可不是必然的。
03:08
Some of it is a matter of luck運氣.
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有些是因為幸運。
03:10
Some of it, obviously明顯, is genetic遺傳.
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有些很明顯的是因為遺傳。
03:13
One third第三 of it, in fact事實, is genetic遺傳.
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事實上三分之一的原因是遺傳。
03:15
And there isn't much we can do about that.
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我們可以控制的因素不多。
03:18
But that means手段 that two-thirds三分之二
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但生命尾章三分之二
03:20
of how well we do in the third第三 act法案,
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的部分確是我們
03:22
we can do something about.
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可以好好掌控的。
03:25
We're going to discuss討論 what we can do
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接下來我們將會討論
03:28
to make these added添加 years年份 really successful成功
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要如何善用這些來年
03:31
and use them to make a difference區別.
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來造就不凡。
03:34
Now let me say something about the staircase樓梯,
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讓我來說說“爬樓梯”這件事,
03:36
which哪一個 may可能 seem似乎 like an odd metaphor隱喻 for seniors老年人
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這個比喻對於上樓梯有困難的長者
03:40
given特定 the fact事實 that many許多 seniors老年人 are challenged挑戰 by stairs樓梯.
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或許是個奇怪的比喻。
03:43
(Laughter笑聲)
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♪笑♪
03:45
Myself included包括.
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我自己也是。
03:48
As you may可能 know,
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大家都知道
03:50
the entire整個 world世界 operates操作 on a universal普遍 law:
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世界都是以不變的定律來運作:
03:53
entropy, the second第二 law of thermodynamics熱力學.
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熵,熱力學第二定律。
03:57
Entropy means手段 that everything in the world世界, everything,
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熵的意思是,世界上所有物質
04:00
is in a state of decline下降 and decay衰變,
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都以下降、衰退的狀態呈現,
04:02
the arch.
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那就是生命曲線。
04:04
There's only one exception例外 to this universal普遍 law,
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只有一件事是是例外﹣
04:07
and that is the human人的 spirit精神,
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人類的精神,
04:09
which哪一個 can continue繼續 to evolve發展 upwards向上 --
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可以持續的向上昇華﹣﹣
04:12
the staircase樓梯 --
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就如同階梯﹣﹣
04:14
bringing使 us into wholeness整體性,
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帶領我們趨向完整、
04:16
authenticity真偽 and wisdom智慧.
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真實及智慧的階梯。
04:19
And here's這裡的 an example of what I mean.
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舉個例子來說明我的比喻。
04:21
This upward向上 ascension上升
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在面臨極度肢體障礙時,
04:23
can happen發生 even in the face面對 of extreme極端 physical物理 challenges挑戰.
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精神仍就可以向上昇華。
04:27
About three years年份 ago,
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三年前
04:29
I read an article文章 in the New York紐約 Times.
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我從紐約時代上讀到一篇文章。
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It was about a man named命名 Neil尼爾 Selinger澤林格 --
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那是關於一位名為尼爾 施林格--
04:33
57 years年份 old, a retired退休 lawyer律師 --
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57歲的退休律師的故事--
04:36
who had joined加盟 the writers作家 group at Sarah莎拉 Lawrence勞倫斯
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他在加入莎拉勞倫斯學院的寫作班中
04:39
where he found發現 his writer's作家 voice語音.
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發現自己的寫作天分。
04:42
Two years年份 later後來,
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二年後
04:44
he was diagnosed確診 with ALSALS, commonly常用 known已知 as Lou Gehrig'sGehrig氏 disease疾病.
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他被診斷出肌萎縮性側索硬化症(盧伽雷氏病)。
04:47
It's a terrible可怕 disease疾病. It's fatal致命.
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那是個很恐怖且致命性的疾病。
04:50
It wastes廢物 the body身體, but the mind心神 remains遺跡 intact完整.
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疾病衰弱他的身體,但沒有侵犯到他的心智。
04:54
In this article文章, Mr先生. Selinger澤林格 wrote the following以下
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在那篇文章中,施林格先生將
04:57
to describe描述 what was happening事件 to him.
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他患病的歴程做了描述。
05:00
And I quote引用,
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我在此引述他的一段話:
05:03
"As my muscles肌肉 weakened減弱,
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「肌肉雖然漸行衰弱,
05:05
my writing寫作 became成為 stronger.
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但我文風漸行強健。
05:08
As I slowly慢慢地 lost丟失 my speech言語,
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說話能力雖然漸漸尚矢,
05:11
I gained獲得 my voice語音.
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但我表達因而變得敏銳。
05:14
As I diminished減少, I grew成長.
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雖然身形憔悴,但我心靈得以依舊成長。
05:16
As I lost丟失 so much,
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因為喪失太多,
05:18
I finally最後 started開始 to find myself."
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我終究開啟自我心靈的探索。」
05:22
Neil尼爾 Selinger澤林格, to me,
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對我來說,尼爾 施林格
05:24
is the embodiment實施例 of mounting安裝 the staircase樓梯
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是在其生命的第三幕登上階梯的
05:27
in his third第三 act法案.
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具體代表。
05:30
Now we're all born天生 with spirit精神, all of us,
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靈性是與生俱來的,
05:32
but sometimes有時 it gets得到 tamped夯實 down
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但有時我們的心靈
05:35
beneath下面 the challenges挑戰 of life,
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會因生活上遭遇的困境
05:37
violence暴力, abuse濫用, neglect忽略.
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、暴力、傷害、疏忽而受打壓。
05:40
Perhaps也許 our parents父母 suffered遭遇 from depression蕭條.
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也許是我們抑鬱寡歡的父母親影響了我們。
05:42
Perhaps也許 they weren't able能夠 to love us
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也許是他們論功行賞的主義作祟
05:44
beyond how we performed執行 in the world世界.
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而不能愛我們。
05:48
Perhaps也許 we still suffer遭受
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也許我們仍遭受於
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from a psychic精神 pain疼痛, a wound傷口.
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心靈痛苦、創傷。
05:52
Perhaps也許 we feel that many許多 of our relationships關係 have not had closure關閉.
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或許我們覺得多數我們與他人的關係並未結束。
05:56
And so we can feel unfinished未完成.
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我們因而感到還有希望。
06:00
Perhaps也許 the task任務 of the third第三 act法案
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或許生命的第三幕的任務是
06:03
is to finish up the task任務 of finishing精加工 ourselves我們自己.
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去完成我們未完成的任務。
06:08
For me, it began開始 as I was approaching接近 my third第三 act法案,
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對我而言,我是在邁入生命的第三幕、
06:12
my 60th birthday生日.
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60歲生日時才開始想這個問題。
06:14
How was I supposed應該 to live生活 it?
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我要怎麼渡過這第三幕呢?
06:16
What was I supposed應該 to accomplish完成 in this final最後 act法案?
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我應該完成什麼任務呢?
06:19
And I realized實現 that, in order訂購 to know where I was going,
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我領悟到,為了知道要走的方向,
06:23
I had to know where I'd been.
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我必需了解曾經走過的歲月。
06:25
And so I went back
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所以我回想
06:27
and I studied研究 my first two acts行為,
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60歲之前的我
06:29
trying to see who I was then,
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是個什麼樣的人呢?
06:32
who I really was --
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我以前到底是什麼樣的人--
06:34
not who my parents父母 or other people told me I was,
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不是在父母或他人眼中的我、
06:37
or treated治療 me like I was.
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或是被討好那一面的我。
06:39
But who was I? Who were my parents父母 --
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而是我自己到底是誰?我的父母親是誰-
06:41
not as parents父母, but as people?
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除了父母的身分之外,他們還是什麼樣的人?
06:44
Who were my grandparents祖父母?
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我的祖父母又是什麼樣的人呢?
06:46
How did they treat對待 my parents父母?
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他們是如何養育我父母的呢?
06:48
These kinds of things.
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我想的是這些事情。
06:51
I discovered發現 a couple一對 of years年份 later後來
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幾年後我才知道,
06:54
that this process處理 that I had gone走了 through通過
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原來我用的方法是
06:57
is called by psychologists心理學家
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心理學家稱之為
06:59
"doing a life review評論."
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"回顧人生"法。
07:01
And they say it can give new significance意義
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他們說用這個方法
07:03
and clarity明晰 and meaning含義
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可以使人對人生
07:05
to a person's人的 life.
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產生新定義、清晰其思慮。
07:07
You may可能 discover發現, as I did,
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你們會跟我一樣發現,
07:10
that a lot of things that you used to think were your fault故障,
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你以前認為是自己的錯、
07:13
a lot of things you used to think about yourself你自己,
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是自己造成的結果的很多事情,
07:16
really had nothing to do with you.
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其實都不是自己的問題。
07:19
It wasn't your fault故障; you're just fine.
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那不是你的錯,跟你沒關係。
07:22
And you're able能夠 to go back
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因此,回頭來你能夠去
07:24
and forgive原諒 them
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原諒別人
07:26
and forgive原諒 yourself你自己.
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及自己。
07:28
You're able能夠 to free自由 yourself你自己
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你能夠走出
07:31
from your past過去.
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過去的陰霾。
07:33
You can work to change更改
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得以改變過去
07:35
your relationship關係 to your past過去.
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對自己造成的影響。
07:37
Now while I was writing寫作 about this,
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當我在為這個議題下筆時,
07:39
I came來了 upon a book called "Man's人的 Search搜索 for Meaning含義"
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我想到了一本由弗蘭克博士寫的
07:42
by Viktor Frankl弗蘭克爾.
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"活出意義來"這本書。
07:44
Viktor Frankl弗蘭克爾 was a German德語 psychiatrist心理醫生
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弗蘭克博士是一位德國的心理學家,
07:47
who'd誰願意 spent花費 five years年份 in a Nazi納粹 concentration濃度 camp.
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他曾在納粹集中營渡過5年的時間。
07:50
And he wrote that, while he was in the camp,
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他在集中營時寫道,
07:53
he could tell, should they ever be released發布,
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假使有天這些人被放了出去,他可以分辨得出來,
07:57
which哪一個 of the people would be okay
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誰心理可以調適正常,
07:59
and which哪一個 would not.
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而誰熬不過去。
08:01
And he wrote this:
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他寫道:
08:06
"Everything you have in life can be taken採取 from you
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「我們生命中所擁有的都可以被奪去,
08:09
except one thing,
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唯有一件事是搶不走的,
08:11
your freedom自由 to choose選擇
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那就是你可以自由決定
08:13
how you will respond響應
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以什麼樣的心態去
08:15
to the situation情況.
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面對遭遇。
08:17
This is what determines確定
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心態是生活品質
08:19
the quality質量 of the life we've我們已經 lived生活 --
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好壞的關鍵--
08:21
not whether是否 we've我們已經 been rich豐富 or poor較差的,
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不論是富有或貧窮、
08:23
famous著名 or unknown未知,
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名人或平凡人、
08:25
healthy健康 or suffering痛苦.
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健康或因病而痛苦的。
08:27
What determines確定 our quality質量 of life
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決定我們生活品質的
08:30
is how we relate涉及 to these realities現實,
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是我們如何看待事情、
08:33
what kind of meaning含義 we assign分配 them,
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我們賦予該事件什麼樣的意義、
08:35
what kind of attitude態度 we cling依偎 to about them,
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我們對該事件抱持什麼樣的態度、
08:38
what state of mind心神 we allow允許 them to trigger觸發."
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我們讓該事件誘發什麼樣的情緒。」
08:42
Perhaps也許 the central中央 purpose目的 of the third第三 act法案
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也許生命尾章的中心目的
08:45
is to go back and to try, if appropriate適當,
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是回到過去,如果適當的話,
08:49
to change更改 our relationship關係
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並嘗試改變自己與過往
08:51
to the past過去.
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的關係。
08:53
It turns out that cognitive認知 research研究 shows節目
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認知研究發現
08:56
when we are able能夠 to do this,
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當我們這麼做的時候,
08:58
it manifests艙單 neurologically神經學 --
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大腦中的神經活動會特別顯著 -
09:01
neural神經 pathways途徑 are created創建 in the brain.
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也就是說神經傳導路徑會在大腦生成。
09:04
You see, if you have, over time,
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所以如果你一直對過往的
09:06
reacted反應 negatively to past過去 events事件 and people,
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人事物是抱持著負面的態度,
09:09
neural神經 pathways途徑 are laid鋪設 down
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由大腦傳遞出的化學及電子訊息鋪設而成的
09:12
by chemical化學 and electrical電動 signals信號 that are sent發送 through通過 the brain.
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神經傳導路徑
09:15
And over time, these neural神經 pathways途徑 become成為 hardwired硬線,
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長久下來就會變成固定的模式。
09:18
they become成為 the norm規範 --
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形成標準路徑--
09:20
even if it's bad for us
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儘管它造成緊張跟焦慮
09:22
because it causes原因 us stress強調 and anxiety焦慮.
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對我們有害
09:25
If however然而,
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然而如果
09:27
we can go back and alter改變 our relationship關係,
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我們回顧並改變
09:31
re-vision再願景 our relationship關係
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我們對過往
09:33
to past過去 people and events事件,
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人事物的觀感,
09:35
neural神經 pathways途徑 can change更改.
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神經傳導的路徑就會改變。
09:37
And if we can maintain保持
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如果我們能持續的
09:39
the more positive feelings情懷 about the past過去,
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對過去抱持越正面的觀感,
09:42
that becomes the new norm規範.
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那麼神經傳導的路徑就會形成新的的模式。
09:44
It's like resetting復位 a thermostat恆溫器.
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就好像重設恆溫器一樣。
09:47
It's not having experiences經驗
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經驗並不會
09:50
that make us wise明智的,
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使我們變聰明,
09:53
it's reflecting反映 on the experiences經驗 that we've我們已經 had
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如何看待經驗
09:57
that makes品牌 us wise明智的 --
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才是智慧--
09:59
and that helps幫助 us become成為 whole整個,
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它讓我們變得健全完整、
10:01
brings帶來 wisdom智慧 and authenticity真偽.
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有智慧並回歸自我。
10:03
It helps幫助 us become成為 what we might威力 have been.
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藉此讓我們回歸到初衷。
10:07
Women婦女 start開始 off whole整個, don't we?
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我們女性的本性善良,不是嗎?
10:09
I mean, as girls女孩, we start開始 off feisty易怒的 -- "Yeah, who says?"
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我的意思是, 在我們還是小女孩時,我們都很活潑--"哼,誰說的?"
10:12
We have agency機構.
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我們果敢。
10:14
We are the subjects主題 of our own擁有 lives生活.
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我們是自己生命中的主角。
10:16
But very often經常,
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然而往往
10:18
many許多, if not most of us, when we hit擊中 puberty青春期,
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很多人在青春期時,
10:21
we start開始 worrying令人擔憂 about fitting配件 in and being存在 popular流行.
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就開始擔心融入群體及是否受歡迎的問題。
10:24
And we become成為 the subjects主題 and objects對象 of other people's人們 lives生活.
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於是我們變成了為別人而活。
10:28
But now, in our third第三 acts行為,
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但現在,在我們的生命的第三幕裡,
10:31
it may可能 be possible可能
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我們也許可以
10:33
for us to circle back to where we started開始
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繞回到起點
10:36
and know it for the first time.
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重新認識。
10:38
And if we can do that,
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如果我們做得到,
10:41
it will not just be for ourselves我們自己.
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受益的不只是我們。
10:44
Older年長 women婦女
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高齡婦女的
10:46
are the largest最大 demographic人口 in the world世界.
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人口數是世界上最多的。
10:48
If we can go back and redefine重新定義 ourselves我們自己
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倘若我們能回顧並重新定義自己
10:51
and become成為 whole整個,
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成為健全的人士,
10:53
this will create創建 a cultural文化 shift轉移 in the world世界,
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那麼就能夠創造出文化變遷,
10:58
and it will give an example to younger更年輕 generations
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那將會為年輕一代樹立新典範,
11:01
so that they can reconceive重新設想 their own擁有 lifespan壽命.
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新一代得以重新定義其生命的長度。
11:04
Thank you very much.
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感謝各位的聆聽。
11:06
(Applause掌聲)
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♪掌聲♪
Translated by Andrea Huang
Reviewed by Ting-Yu CHU

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jane Fonda - Actor and activist
Jane Fonda has had three extraordinary careers (so far): Oscar-winning actor, fitness guru, impassioned activist.

Why you should listen

Jane Fonda is an actor, author, producer and activist supporting environmental issues, peace and female empowerment. She founded the Georgia Campaign for Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention, and established the Jane Fonda Center for Adolescent Reproductive Health at  Emory. She cofounded the Women’s Media Center, and sits on the board of V-Day, a global effort to stop violence against women and girls.

Fonda's remarkable screen and stage career includes two Best Actress Oscars, an Emmy, a Tony Award nomination and an Honorary Palme d’Or from the Cannes Film Festival. Offstage, she revolutionized the fitness industry in the 1980s with Jane Fonda’s Workout — the all-time top-grossing home video. She has written a best-selling memoir, My Life So Far, and Prime Time, a comprehensive guide to living life to the fullest.

More profile about the speaker
Jane Fonda | Speaker | TED.com