ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Gever Tulley - Tinkerer
The founder of the Tinkering School, Gever Tulley likes to build things with kids.

Why you should listen

Gever Tulley writes the best Twitters: Just landed my paraglider in an empty field behind Santa 8arbara. ... Making amazing tshirts with a laser cutter at the maker faire in austin. ... Washing fruit, putting sheets on bunkbeds, and grinding up aluminum foil in a cheap blender ... Updating the school blog, trying to figure out how many cubic feet of air are in a 5 gallon cylinder at 200 PSI. ... Trying to figure out if the tinker kids are going to be able to get molten iron from magnetite sand ...

A software engineer, Gever Tulley is the co-founder of the Tinkering School, a weeklong camp where lucky kids get to play with their very own power tools. He's interested in helping kids learn how to build, solve problems, use new materials and hack old ones for new purposes. He's also a certified paragliding instructor.

More profile about the speaker
Gever Tulley | Speaker | TED.com
TED2007

Gever Tulley: 5 dangerous things you should let your kids do

蓋佛‧陶利 該讓兒童嘗試的五件危險事

Filmed:
5,050,524 views

蓋佛.陶利為東敲西打學校 (Tinkering School) 的創辦人,列舉出五項你應該要讓你的孩子去做的五件危險事。2007年發表於TED大學。
- Tinkerer
The founder of the Tinkering School, Gever Tulley likes to build things with kids. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
Welcome歡迎 to "Five Dangerous危險 Things You Should Let Your Children孩子 Do."
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歡迎收看「父母要讓小孩子做的五件危險事」。
00:18
I don't have children孩子.
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我沒有小孩,
00:20
I borrow my friends'朋友' children孩子, so
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我都向朋友借小孩,所以
00:22
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
00:26
take all this advice忠告 with a grain糧食 of salt.
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請不要隨便相信我給的建議。
00:28
I'm GeverGever TulleyTulley.
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我是蓋佛.陶利。
00:31
I'm a contract合同 computer電腦 scientist科學家 by trade貿易,
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工作是接案的電腦科學家,
00:35
but I'm the founder創辦人 of something called the Tinkering修修補補 School學校.
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同時也是東敲西打學校 (Tinkering School) 的創辦人。
00:40
It's a summer夏季 program程序 which哪一個 aims目標 to help kids孩子 to learn學習
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這是一個暑期課程,目的是要讓小孩子在暑假時可以學到
00:43
how to build建立 the things that they think of.
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如何創造出自己想做的東西,
00:46
So we build建立 a lot of things.
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所以我們做了一大堆東西。
00:48
And I do put power功率 tools工具 into the hands of second-graders二年級.
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我會把電動工具交到小學二年級生手上,
00:51
So if you're thinking思維 about sending發出 your kid孩子 to Tinkering修修補補 School學校,
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所以如果你想把你的孩子送到東敲西打學校,
00:55
they do come back bruised傷痕累累, scraped and bloody血腥.
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之後他們一定會帶著瘀青、破皮和血跡回家。
01:00
So, you know, we live生活 in a world世界
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所以,你可以看到,我們所處的社會
01:02
that's subjected to ever more stringent嚴格 child兒童 safety安全 regulations法規.
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受到比以往更嚴格的兒童安全守則所規範。
01:06
There doesn't seem似乎 to be any limit限制 on how crazy
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這些守則看起來真是沒完沒了的
01:12
child兒童 safety安全 regulations法規 can get.
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無限上綱。
01:14
We put suffocation窒息 warnings警告 on all the -- on every一切 piece of plastic塑料 film電影
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我們會把小心窒息的標語
01:19
manufactured製成的 in the United聯合的 States狀態 or for sale拍賣
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貼在所有在美國製造或販售
01:21
with an item項目 in the United聯合的 States狀態.
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的商品或包裝的塑膠膜上;
01:23
We put warnings警告 on coffee咖啡 cups to tell us
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我們會在所有的咖啡杯上註明警告標語,提醒消費者
01:26
that the contents內容 may可能 be hot.
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溶液可能很燙;
01:29
And we seem似乎 to think that any item項目
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我們甚至認為
01:33
sharper更清晰 than a golf高爾夫球 ball is too sharp尖銳
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對10歲以下的兒童來說,只要比高爾夫球
01:35
for children孩子 under the age年齡 of 10.
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尖一點的東西就是太尖銳了。
01:37
So where does this trend趨勢 stop?
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這樣的情形什麼時候才會停止?
01:41
When we round回合 every一切 corner and eliminate消除 every一切 sharp尖銳 object目的,
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當我們忙著磨平稜角,銷毀每個有尖角的物品、
01:46
every一切 pokey bit in the world世界,
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每個那些令人不舒服的小地方,
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then the first time that kids孩子 come in contact聯繫 with anything sharp尖銳
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結果我們的小孩生平第一次碰到一個尖尖的,
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or not made製作 out of round回合 plastic塑料,
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或者不是圓圓的塑膠製品時,
01:56
they'll他們會 hurt傷害 themselves他們自己 with it.
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他們就會弄傷自己。
01:59
So, as the boundaries邊界 of what we determine確定 as the safety安全 zone
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換言之,我們大人所認定的安全區域
02:05
grow增長 ever smaller, we cut off our children孩子 from valuable有價值 opportunities機會
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範圍愈窄,就愈切斷了我們的孩子寶貴的
02:11
to learn學習 how to interact相互作用 with the world世界 around them.
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去學習與整個世界互動的機會。
02:14
And despite儘管 all of our best最好 efforts努力 and intentions意圖,
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儘管我們費盡心思去保護孩子,
02:18
kids孩子 are always going to figure數字 out
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但不管在什麼情形下,
02:19
how to do the most dangerous危險 thing they can,
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孩子硬是有辦法
02:22
in whatever隨你 environment環境 they can.
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去找到最危險的事來做。
02:25
So despite儘管 the provocative挑釁 title標題, this presentation介紹 is really about safety安全
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所以撇開這個聳動的標題,今天這個講題真正要說的是兒童安全,
02:32
and about some simple簡單 things that we can do
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以及透過一些簡單的事,
02:36
to raise提高 our kids孩子 to be creative創作的, confident信心
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使孩子變得有創意、有自信,
02:42
and in control控制 of the environment環境 around them.
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並能掌握週遭的環境。
02:45
And what I now present當下 to you is an excerpt摘抄 from a book in progress進展.
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我現在要告訴你們的是取自我正在寫的一本書的摘錄,
02:51
The book is called "50 Dangerous危險 Things."
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書名叫『50件危險的事』。
02:53
This is five dangerous危險 things.
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而這是其中五件。
02:55
Thing number one -- play with fire.
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第一件事-玩火。
02:58
Learning學習 to control控制 one of the most elemental元素 forces軍隊 in nature性質
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在每一個兒童成長過程中,都會經歷一段重要的關鍵期,
03:03
is a pivotal關鍵的 moment時刻 in any child's孩子的 personal個人 history歷史.
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在這個期間,他會試著去控制自然界中某一項最基本的元素力量。
03:07
Whether是否 we remember記得 it or not,
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不管我們記不記得,
03:09
it's a -- it's the first time we really get
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那是我們第一次真正有能力
03:12
control控制 of one of these mysterious神秘 things.
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去控制這些神秘的事物。
03:15
These mysteries奧秘 are only revealed透露
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但只有那些有機會與之接觸的人
03:17
to those who get the opportunity機會 to play with it.
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才得以一窺其面目。
03:19
So, playing播放 with fire.
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所以就去玩火吧!
03:22
This is like one of the great things we ever discovered發現, fire.
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火是我們人類的發現中最偉大的東西之一。
03:28
From playing播放 with it, they learn學習 some basic基本 principles原則 about fire,
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藉由玩火,小孩子學習到一些關於火的基本原理,
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about intake錄取, about combustion燃燒, about exhaust排氣.
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像是進氣、燃燒跟排氣。
03:35
These are the three working加工 elements分子 of fire
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如果你想好好的控制火,
03:37
that you have to have to have a good controlled受控 fire.
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這三種原素缺一不可。
03:40
And you can think of the open-pit露天 fire as a laboratory實驗室.
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你可以把露天的火坑想像成一個實驗室,
03:45
You don't know what they're going to learn學習 from playing播放 with it.
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你不會曉得他們在玩的時候將會學到什麼。
03:47
You know, let them fool傻子 around with it on their own擁有 terms條款 and trust相信 me,
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就讓他們隨意玩火吧,相信我,
03:53
they're going to learn學習 things
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他們會學到
03:55
that you can't get out of playing播放 with Dora多拉 the Explorer探險者 toys玩具.
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跟玩《愛探險的朵拉》玩具所學到的不一樣的東西。
04:01
Number two -- own擁有 a pocketknife小刀.
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第二件事-擁有摺疊刀。
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Pocketknives小刀 are kind of drifting漂流 out of our cultural文化 consciousness意識,
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在這個社會的文化認知中,摺疊小刀漸漸的離我們愈來愈遠,
04:09
which哪一個 I think is a terrible可怕 thing.
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我個人覺得這是件很糟糕的事。
04:11
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
04:15
Your first -- your first pocketknife小刀 is like the first universal普遍 tool工具 that you're given特定.
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你的第一把摺疊小刀就像是你所獲得的第一個萬用工具,
04:20
You know, it's a spatula抹刀, it's a pry bar酒吧,
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它可以是小鏟子、撬桿、
04:23
it's a screwdriver螺絲刀 and it's a blade.
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螺絲起子跟刀片。
04:26
And it's a -- it's a powerful強大 and empowering授權 tool工具.
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而且,它是個賦與你更多能力的工具。
04:31
And in a lot of cultures文化 they give knives --
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在很多文化中,他們給小孩刀子,
04:34
like, as soon不久 as they're toddlers幼兒 they have knives.
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而且是當小孩還在蹣跚學步的時候就擁有刀子。
04:36
These are Inuit因紐特人 children孩子 cutting切割 whale blubber大聲哭.
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這是因紐特族 (愛斯基摩人) 的小孩正在割鯨脂的圖片。
04:40
I first saw this in a Canadian加拿大 Film電影 Board film電影 when I was 10,
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我第一次看到它是在加拿大電影局的電影裡,那時候我才10歲,
04:44
and it left a lasting持久 impression印象, to see babies嬰兒 playing播放 with knives.
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看到小寶寶們玩刀子讓我至今仍印象深刻。
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And it shows節目 that kids孩子 can develop發展 an extended擴展 sense of self
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它顯示出小孩在很小的時候,
04:52
through通過 a tool工具 at a very young年輕 age年齡.
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就可以透過一項工具來擴展自我意識。
04:54
You lay鋪設 down a couple一對 of very simple簡單 rules規則 --
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你只要訂下幾條簡單的規則,
04:57
always cut away from your body身體, keep the blade sharp尖銳, never force it
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像是刀鋒要向外、保持刀片鋒利、不要用蠻力使用刀子等等。
05:02
-- and these are things kids孩子 can understand理解 and practice實踐 with.
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而這些是小孩可以理解並且可以做到的。
05:05
And yeah, they're going to cut themselves他們自己.
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沒錯,他們一定會割到自己,
05:06
I have some terrible可怕 scars傷疤 on my legs from where I stabbed被刺 myself.
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我的腿上就有自己戳到的難看的傷疤。
05:10
But you know, they're young年輕. They heal癒合 fast快速.
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不過就像你也知道的,他們還很小,恢復力很快。
05:12
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
05:16
Number three -- throw a spear.
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第三件事 -- 拋出一個矛。
05:19
It turns out that our brains大腦 are actually其實 wired有線 for throwing投擲 things
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你會發現原來我們的腦袋是為了拋東西而聯繫著。
05:23
and, like muscles肌肉, if you don't use parts部分 of your brain,
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就好像我們的肌肉,如果我們不用我們的腦袋,
05:28
they tend趨向 to atrophy over time.
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它們便漸漸地萎縮。
05:31
But when you exercise行使 them,
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但當你鍛鍊它們,
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any given特定 muscle肌肉 adds增加 strength強度 to the whole整個 system系統
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每一個肌肉都會為整個系統注入能量,
05:36
and that applies適用 to your brain too.
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而這同樣能應用在腦袋中。
05:39
So practicing throwing投擲 things has been shown顯示 to
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所以練習拋東西能
05:43
stimulate刺激 the frontal前面的 and parietal頂葉 lobes,
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刺激前腦葉及頭頂腦葉。
05:46
which哪一個 have to do with visual視覺 acuity敏銳, 3D understanding理解,
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它們是負責我們的視覺感觀,理解立體影像,
05:51
and structural結構 problem問題 solving, so it gives a sense --
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及解決結構問題。因此它給我們一種感觀 --
05:56
it helps幫助 develop發展 their visualization可視化 skills技能 and their predictive預測 ability能力.
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這幫助他們發展視覺技巧和預測能力。
06:01
And throwing投擲 is a combination組合 of analytical分析 and physical物理 skill技能,
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而拋東西結合著分析及體能的訓練,
06:06
so it's very good for that kind of whole-body全身 training訓練.
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這有助於整體發展。
06:10
These kinds of target-based基於目標 practice實踐 also
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而這些有目標的練習
06:16
helps幫助 kids孩子 develop發展 attention注意 and concentration濃度 skills技能.
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亦能幫助兒童發展他們的專注力和集中力。
06:21
So those are great.
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所以非常有效。
06:23
Number four -- deconstruct解構 appliances家電.
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第四件事是 -- 解體電器。
06:27
There is a world世界 of interesting有趣 things inside your dishwasher洗碗機.
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在洗碗機中有很多有趣的物件。
06:31
Next下一個 time you're about to throw out an appliance器具, don't throw it out.
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下一次當你把電器丟棄時,不要只把它丟棄。
06:36
Take it apart距離 with your kid孩子, or send發送 him to my school學校
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與你的孩子一起把它解體或把孩子送到我們的學校,
06:39
and we'll take it apart距離 with them.
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我們會與他們一起把它拆解。
06:41
Even if you don't know what the parts部分 are,
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雖然你不明白那些分拆的零件是什麼,
06:43
puzzling令人費解 out what they might威力 be for
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或對它們的功能感到困惑,
06:46
is a really good practice實踐 for the kids孩子
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但這其實是對兒童一個很好的鍛鍊,
06:49
to get sort分類 of the sense that they can take things apart距離,
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讓他們知道他們有能力拆解東西,
06:55
and no matter how complex複雜 they are,
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而無論它們有多複雜,
06:57
they can understand理解 parts部分 of them and that means手段 that eventually終於,
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他們已明白其中一部份,
07:01
they can understand理解 all of them.
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這也意味著他們有一天會瞭解所有的事情。
07:03
It's a sense of knowability可知性, that something is knowable可知.
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這是一種認知,明白有些事情是可以理解的。
07:07
So these black黑色 boxes盒子 that we live生活 with and take for granted理所當然
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而在我們生活中的黑盒子和那些理所當然的事情,
07:10
are actually其實 complex複雜 things made製作 by other people
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其實是其他人製造出來的複雜東西,
07:14
and you can understand理解 them.
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而你卻能明白它們。
07:16
Number five -- two-parter兩舞伴.
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第五件事 -- 就是第四件事的下集,
07:20
Break打破 the Digital數字 Millennium千年 Copyright版權 Act法案.
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違反數位千禧智權法案。
07:22
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
07:25
There are laws法律 beyond safety安全 regulations法規
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有些法律不是在規範安全界線,
07:28
that attempt嘗試 to limit限制 how we can interact相互作用 with the things
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而是在嘗試限制我們如何去使用我們擁有的東西 --
07:31
that we own擁有 -- in this case案件, digital數字 media媒體.
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我要舉的例子是數位媒體。
07:34
It's a very simple簡單 exercise行使 -- buy購買 a song歌曲 on ITunes的iTunes, write it to a CD光盤,
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這是一個非常簡單的練習 -- 在iTunes裡買一首歌曲寫在一個光碟裡,
07:41
then rip安息 the CD光盤 to an MPMP3 and play it on your very same相同 computer電腦.
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然後把光碟轉換成MP3,然後在同一部電腦中播放,
07:44
You've just broken破碎 a law.
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這樣就算觸犯法律了。
07:46
Technically技術上 the RIAARIAA can come and persecute迫害 you.
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基本上,美國唱片業協會可以來告你。
07:50
It's an important重要 lesson for kids孩子 to understand理解 --
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這是孩子應該明白的重要課題 --
07:52
that some of these laws法律 get broken破碎 by accident事故
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你可能在無意中就觸犯法律了,
07:56
and that laws法律 have to be interpreted解讀.
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而這些法律卻需要有人替你詮釋你才會瞭解。
07:58
And it's something we often經常 talk about with the kids孩子
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而這是我們經常告訴孩子們的事,
08:01
when we're fooling嘴硬 around with things and breaking破壞 them open打開
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當我們把東西亂搞一通,而後將它們打開
08:05
and taking服用 them apart距離 and using運用 them for other things --
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分拆而後用於其他東西上 --
08:08
and also when we go out and drive駕駛 a car汽車.
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又或是當我們外出去駕車,
08:14
Driving駕駛 a car汽車 is a -- is a really empowering授權 act法案 for a young年輕 child兒童,
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駕駛一輛車--對兒童來說是一件非常鼓舞的事情,
08:18
so this is the ultimate最終.
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而這是最極限的。
08:20
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
08:22
For those of you who aren't comfortable自在 actually其實 breaking破壞 the law,
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對於你們那些不甚願意去觸犯法律的人,
08:26
you can drive駕駛 a car汽車 with your child兒童.
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你可以與孩子駕駛一輛車子。
08:29
This is -- this is a great stage階段 for a kid孩子.
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這是孩子一個很大的里程碑。
08:32
This happens發生 about the same相同 time
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這就好像是
08:34
that they get latched鎖存 onto things like dinosaurs恐龍,
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當孩子被鎖在一些類似恐龍的機器裡,
08:37
these big things in the outside world世界
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這些龐大的機器在外太空遊盪,
08:39
that they're trying to get a grip on.
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而他們只能牢牢地抓住某樣東西。
08:41
A car汽車 is a similar類似 object目的, and they can get in a car汽車 and drive駕駛 it.
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車輛是類似的東西,而他們可以坐在車上駕駛它。
08:46
And that's a really, like -- it gives them a handle處理 on a world世界
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這好像是給他們一個開啟世界的把手,
08:50
in a way that they wouldn't不會 -- that they don't often經常 have access訪問 to.
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並用他們以前不能用或不經常用的方法去開啟。
08:55
So -- and it's perfectly完美 legal法律.
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而這是完全的合法。
08:57
Find a big empty lot, make sure there's nothing in it
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找一個大型空置停車場,確定那裡沒有其他東西,
08:59
and it's on private私人的 property屬性, and let them drive駕駛 your car汽車.
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而那又是一個私人產業,然後讓他們駕駛你的車輛。
09:03
It's very safe安全 actually其實.
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這其實的非常的安全
09:05
And it's fun開玩笑 for the whole整個 family家庭.
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而且能帶給整個家庭樂趣。
09:07
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
09:09
So, let's see.
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好,想想吧。
09:11
I think that's it. That's number five and a half. OK.
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我想就是這樣了。這算是五又二分一吧。
Translated by Jeannie Cheng
Reviewed by Marie Wu

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Gever Tulley - Tinkerer
The founder of the Tinkering School, Gever Tulley likes to build things with kids.

Why you should listen

Gever Tulley writes the best Twitters: Just landed my paraglider in an empty field behind Santa 8arbara. ... Making amazing tshirts with a laser cutter at the maker faire in austin. ... Washing fruit, putting sheets on bunkbeds, and grinding up aluminum foil in a cheap blender ... Updating the school blog, trying to figure out how many cubic feet of air are in a 5 gallon cylinder at 200 PSI. ... Trying to figure out if the tinker kids are going to be able to get molten iron from magnetite sand ...

A software engineer, Gever Tulley is the co-founder of the Tinkering School, a weeklong camp where lucky kids get to play with their very own power tools. He's interested in helping kids learn how to build, solve problems, use new materials and hack old ones for new purposes. He's also a certified paragliding instructor.

More profile about the speaker
Gever Tulley | Speaker | TED.com