TED2016
Jessica Ladd: The reporting system that sexual assault survivors want
潔西卡‧拉德: 性侵受害者想要的通報系統
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「我們不必活在一個 99% 的強暴犯可以逍遙法外的世界」，TED 講者潔西卡‧拉德如是說。有了「卡利斯托」，一個讓大學生匿名通報性侵案件的平台，拉德幫助受害者得到該有的援助和正義，同時尊重他們的隱私。「我們可以創造一個世界，真正有效地嚇阻任何人的權利被侵害。」
Jessica Ladd - Founder and CEO, Callisto
Jessica Ladd is using technology to combat sexual assault, empower survivors and advance justice. Full bio
Jessica Ladd is using technology to combat sexual assault, empower survivors and advance justice. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Hannah is excited to be going to college.
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漢娜對於即將展開的大學生活感到相當興奮，
00:16
She couldn't wait
to get out of her parents' house,
to get out of her parents' house,
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她迫不及待地想要搬出父母的家，
00:19
to prove to them that she's an adult,
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好向他們證明她已經是個大人了，
00:21
and to prove to her new friends
that she belongs.
that she belongs.
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同時也向新朋友證明，她跟她們是一夥的
00:25
She heads to a campus party
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她前往參加了一個校園派對，
00:26
where she sees a guy
that she has a crush on.
that she has a crush on.
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在那裡她遇見一個她蠻喜歡的男生
00:29
Let's call him Mike.
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姑且稱他麥克吧
00:32
The next day, Hannah wakes up
with a pounding headache.
with a pounding headache.
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隔天，漢娜在劇烈的頭痛中醒來，
00:37
She can only remember
the night in flashes.
the night in flashes.
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她只記得前晚的一些片段
00:40
But what she does remember is
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但她確實記得的是，
00:42
throwing up in the hall
outside Mike's room
outside Mike's room
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她在麥克房間外的走廊上嘔吐，
00:46
and staring at the wall silently
while he was inside her,
while he was inside her,
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在麥克侵犯她時，只能無聲地看著牆面，
希望這一切能停止下來
00:49
wanting it to stop,
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00:51
then shakily stumbling home.
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最後她踏著顫抖蹣跚的步伐回家
00:54
She doesn't feel good about what happened,
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她對於所發生的一切感到非常地不舒服，
00:56
but she thinks, "Maybe this is just
what sex in college is?"
what sex in college is?"
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但她想，「也許這就是所謂大學生的性生活吧」
01:01
One in five women and one in 13 men
will be sexually assaulted
will be sexually assaulted
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在美國，每五位女性，或每十三位男性中，
就有一位可能在大學期間受到性侵害
01:06
at some point during their college career
in the United States.
in the United States.
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01:11
Less than 10 percent will ever report
their assault to their school
their assault to their school
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然而，只有不到百分之十的人，
會為他們所受到的侵害，向校方或警方通報
01:15
or to the police.
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01:17
And those who do, on average,
wait 11 months to make the report.
wait 11 months to make the report.
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而那些選擇報案的人，則是平均在案發後十一個月才會通報
01:24
Hannah initially just feels like dealing
with what happened on her own.
with what happened on her own.
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漢娜本來打算把這件事埋在心裡，
01:27
But when she sees Mike
taking girls home from parties,
taking girls home from parties,
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但當她看到麥克又從派對上帶了別的女生回家，
01:30
she's worried about them.
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她開始擔心那些女生
01:32
After graduation, Hannah learns
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畢業後，漢娜發現到
01:34
that she was one of five women
who Mike did the exact same thing to.
who Mike did the exact same thing to.
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她是麥克做了同樣事情的五個女生中，其中之一
01:40
And this is not an unlikely scenario
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而這絕對不是特殊案例，
01:43
because 90 percent of sexual assaults
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因為有百分之九十的性侵案都是慣犯所為，
01:46
are committed by repeat offenders.
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01:49
But with such low reporting rates,
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但是因為報案率相當低，
01:50
it's fairly unlikely that even
repeat perpetrators will be reported,
repeat perpetrators will be reported,
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看起來就算一再犯案也未必會被舉發，
01:54
much less anything happen if they are.
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舉發也未必會被起訴。
01:57
In fact, only six percent
of assaults reported to the police
of assaults reported to the police
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事實上，通報給警方的性侵案中，
02:02
end with the assailant
spending a single day in prison.
spending a single day in prison.
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只有百分之六的加害人最後被關進監獄，
02:05
Meaning, there's a 99 percent chance
that they'll get away with it.
that they'll get away with it.
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也就是說，他們有高達百分之九十九的機會可以逍遙法外
02:11
This means there's practically
no deterrent to assault
no deterrent to assault
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換句話說，在美國，完全不能嚇阻侵害的發生
02:14
in the United States.
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02:18
Now, I'm an infectious disease
epidemiologist by training.
epidemiologist by training.
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而我身為一名訓練有素的傳染流行病學家，
02:21
I'm interested in systems and networks
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我對於如何透過系統和網路，
02:24
and where we can concentrate
our resources to do the most good.
our resources to do the most good.
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來讓資源集中進而做最有效率的事感興趣
02:29
So this, to me, is a tragic
but a solvable problem.
but a solvable problem.
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對我來說，這是一個遺憾但可以解決的問題
02:35
So when the issue of campus assault
started hitting the news a few years ago,
started hitting the news a few years ago,
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所以在幾年前，當校園性侵議題開始登上頭條時，
02:39
it felt like a unique opportunity
to make a change.
to make a change.
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我感覺這就像是一個改變的契機
02:42
And so we did.
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而我們也確實把握住了。
02:44
We started by talking
to college survivors.
to college survivors.
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我們開始跟當時在校園受害者溝通，
02:47
And what they wish they'd had
in college is pretty simple;
in college is pretty simple;
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他們希望之前在大學就有的東西其實非常簡單：
02:50
they wanted a website,
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他們想要有一個網站，
02:52
one they could use
at the time and place
at the time and place
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一個能讓他們在自己感覺在安全的時間、地點去使用的網站，
02:54
that felt safest to them
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02:56
with clearly written information
about their reporting options,
about their reporting options,
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包含清楚的書面資訊，說明有哪些通報選項，
03:00
with the ability to electronically
report their assault,
report their assault,
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讓他們能用電子化程序報案，
03:03
rather than having the first step
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而不是一開始就去面對跟告訴那些
03:05
to go in and talk to someone
who may or may not believe them.
who may or may not believe them.
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可能會，也可能不會相信他的人
03:09
With the option to create
a secure, timestamped document
a secure, timestamped document
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透過這樣的選項，能創建一份
安全且帶有時間戳記，紀錄案發經過的文件，
03:12
of what happened to them,
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03:13
preserving evidence
even if they don't want to report yet.
even if they don't want to report yet.
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就算他們暫時先不想要報案，也能先保存證據。
03:17
And lastly, and perhaps most critically,
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最後，也可能是最關鍵的一點，
03:20
with the ability to report their assault
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這網站能夠在當有另一個人也舉報了同樣加害人時，進行回報
03:22
only if someone else
reported the same assailant.
reported the same assailant.
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03:26
You see, knowing that you weren't
the only one changes everything.
the only one changes everything.
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當你知道自己並不是唯一受害者時，這改變了一切，
03:30
It changes the way
you frame your own experience,
you frame your own experience,
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你會改變你對這段經歷的看法，
03:32
it changes the way
you think about your perpetrator,
you think about your perpetrator,
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會改變你對加害者的想法，
03:34
it means that if you do come forward,
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也代表著，如果你挺身而出，
03:36
you'll have someone else's back
and they'll have yours.
and they'll have yours.
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你會是某個人的後援，而他們也會是你的支柱
03:40
We created a website
that actually does this
that actually does this
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我們打造了這樣一個網站，
03:43
and we launched it [...] in August,
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在兩個月前，也就是八月份上架，
03:46
on two college campuses.
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在兩間大專院校中運作
03:48
And we included a unique matching system
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其中包含一個特殊的配對系統，
03:51
where if Mike's first victim
had come forward,
had come forward,
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如果當時麥克的第一位受害者出聲，
03:54
saved her record,
entered into the matching system
entered into the matching system
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保存她的紀錄，輸入進配對系統，
03:57
and named Mike,
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並把它命名為麥克；
03:58
and Mike's second victim
had done the same thing
had done the same thing
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當麥克的第二位受害者也這麼做時，
04:00
a few months later,
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幾個月後，
04:02
they would have matched
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資料就會被配對，
04:04
and the verified contact information
of both survivors
of both survivors
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兩位受害者被審核過的聯絡資訊
04:07
would have been sent
to the authorities at the same time
to the authorities at the same time
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就會被同時送到授權主管單位，
04:10
for investigation and follow up.
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進行後續的調查
04:13
If a system like this had existed
for Hannah and her peers,
for Hannah and her peers,
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如果當時漢娜和她朋友擁有這樣的系統，
04:17
it's more likely
that they would have reported,
that they would have reported,
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她們就很有可能通報，
04:19
that they would have been believed,
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而且她們也會被相信，
04:21
and that Mike would have been
kicked off campus,
kicked off campus,
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那麼麥克也就會被踢出校園，
04:23
gone to jail, or at least
gotten the help that he needed.
gotten the help that he needed.
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也許進監獄，或是至少受到他需要的輔導協助
04:27
And if we were able to stop
repeat offenders like Mike
repeat offenders like Mike
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如果我們能阻止像麥克這樣的慣犯，
04:31
after just their second assault
following a match,
following a match,
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也許能在他犯的第二起案件就配對成功，
04:35
survivors like Hannah
would never even be assaulted
would never even be assaulted
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那麼像漢娜這樣的受害者可能就永遠不會被強暴。
04:37
in the first place.
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04:39
We could prevent
59 percent of sexual assaults
59 percent of sexual assaults
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我們可以避免百分之五十九的性侵害案件，
04:43
just by stopping
repeat perpetrators earlier on.
repeat perpetrators earlier on.
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藉由及時阻止慣犯
04:48
And because we're creating
a real deterrent to assault,
a real deterrent to assault,
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因為我們正在打造了一個能確實嚇阻侵害的手段，
04:50
for perhaps the first time,
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或甚至是有史以來的第一次，
04:52
maybe the Mikes of the world
would never even try to assault anyone.
would never even try to assault anyone.
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也許從此以後世上的「麥克們」都不敢去侵犯別人
04:58
The type of system I'm describing,
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我所描述的系統類型，
05:00
the type of system that survivors want
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受害者想要的系統類型，
05:03
is a type of information escrow,
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是一種資訊的信託。
05:05
meaning an entity that holds on
to information for you
to information for you
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意即有個獨立的單位能幫你保存資訊，
05:08
and only releases it to a third party
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而且只有在事先同意設定的條件符合下，
05:11
when certain pre-agreed upon
conditions are met,
conditions are met,
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才會提供給第三方，
05:13
such as a match.
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比如說配對成功
05:15
The application that we built
is for college campuses.
is for college campuses.
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我們打造的這款應用是為大專院校設計
05:19
But the same type of system
could be used in the military
could be used in the military
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但同樣類型的系統也可以應用在軍方，
05:22
or even the workplace.
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或甚至是職場上
05:25
We don't have to live in a world
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我們不必活在一個
05:28
where 99 percent of rapists
get away with it.
get away with it.
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有百分之九十九的強暴犯逍遙法外的世界，
05:32
We can create one
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我們能創造一個
05:33
where those who do wrong
are held accountable,
are held accountable,
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犯罪者必須承擔負責、
05:36
where survivors get the support
and justice they deserve,
and justice they deserve,
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受害者能夠得到應有援助和正義、
05:39
where the authorities
get the information they need,
get the information they need,
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授權主管機關能取得所需資訊、
05:42
and where there's a real deterrent
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以及能夠有效嚇阻，
05:44
to violating the rights
of another human being.
of another human being.
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任何人的權利被侵害的世界
05:49
Thank you.
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謝謝。
(掌聲)
05:50
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jessica Ladd - Founder and CEO, CallistoJessica Ladd is using technology to combat sexual assault, empower survivors and advance justice.
Why you should listen
Jessica Ladd is the founder and CEO of Callisto, formerly Sexual Health Innovations, and a TED Fellow. She has been honored as a fearless changemaker by the Case Foundation, an emerging innovator by Ashoka and American Express, and as the Civic Hacker of the Year by Baltimore Innovation Week.
Before founding Sexual Health Innovations, Ladd worked in the White House Office of National AIDS Policy as a public policy associate at The AIDS Institute and as a sexual health educator and researcher for a variety of organizations. She also founded The Social Innovation Lab in Baltimore and a chapter of FemSex at Pomona College. She received her Masters in Public Health at Johns Hopkins and her BA in Public Policy/Human Sexuality at Pomona College. She left a PhD program in infectious disease epidemiology at Johns Hopkins in order to pursue work at Sexual Health Innovations full-time.
Ladd has created a platform, Callisto, for survivors of sexual assault to electronically document and report what happened to them. The platform helps identify serial sexual offenders, allowing victims to either (1) directly report to an institution or (2) store their identity in escrow and only release it to an institution if another victim names the same assailant.
Jessica Ladd | Speaker | TED.com