Mission Blue II
Thomas Peschak: Dive into an ocean photographer's world
托马斯•佩斯查克: 走进海洋摄影师的世界
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翻跟头的魔鬼鱼，冲刺的海豚，涌动的鱼群和大快朵颐的鲨鱼，这是一个位于海平面以下的世界，很少有人能看到。环保摄影师托马斯•佩斯查克走遍了世界各地令人叹为观止的海洋景观，他的照片为我们揭示了这个隐藏的生态系统。“如果你都不知道某件东西的存在，你怎么可能去爱它和保护它呢，”他说。佩斯查克将带您走进一种全新的、带来沉浸式体验的TED演讲，他将与您分享自己奇妙的工作经历和梦想：实现人类跟海洋和谐共处的未来。
Thomas Peschak - Conservation photographer
Thomas Peschak strives to merge photojournalism and cutting edge science to create powerful media projects that tackle critical marine conservation issues. Full bio
Thomas Peschak strives to merge photojournalism and cutting edge science to create powerful media projects that tackle critical marine conservation issues. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
As a kid, I used to dream about the ocean.
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小时候, 我一直幻想着海洋。
00:15
It was this wild place
full of color and life,
full of color and life,
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那里色彩缤纷、充满活力，
00:19
home to these alien-looking,
fantastical creatures.
fantastical creatures.
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生活着许多长得像外星生物的动物。
00:23
I pictured big sharks
ruling the food chain
ruling the food chain
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我想象过位于食物链顶端的大鲨鱼，
00:25
and saw graceful sea turtles
dancing across coral reefs.
dancing across coral reefs.
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也幻想过海龟在珊瑚礁间优雅起舞。
00:28
As a marine biologist turned photographer,
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作为从海洋生物学家转行的摄影师，
00:30
I've spent most of my career
looking for places
looking for places
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我职业生涯的大部分时间都在寻找
00:33
as magical as those I used
to dream about when I was little.
to dream about when I was little.
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那些出现在我小时候幻想中的地方。
00:37
As you can see,
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如大家所见，
00:38
I began exploring bodies of water
at a fairly young age.
at a fairly young age.
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我从很小就开始在水中冒险了。
00:41
But the first time
I truly went underwater,
I truly went underwater,
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但第一次真正潜入水中，
00:43
I was about 10 years old.
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发生在我10岁那年。
00:44
And I can still vividly remember
furiously finning
furiously finning
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我现在还能清楚地记得，
当时我用力划水
当时我用力划水
00:47
to reach this old, encrusted
cannon on a shallow coral reef.
cannon on a shallow coral reef.
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为了够到一根锈迹斑斑，
躺在珊瑚礁上的炮筒。
躺在珊瑚礁上的炮筒。
00:50
And when I finally managed
to grab hold of it,
to grab hold of it,
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最后，我成功够到了炮筒，
00:53
I looked up, and I was instantly
surrounded by fish
surrounded by fish
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抬头一看，发现自己被鱼群包围了，
00:56
in all colors of the rainbow.
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各种颜色的鱼，像彩虹一样。
00:58
That was the day
I fell in love with the ocean.
I fell in love with the ocean.
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从那天起，我深深爱上了海洋。
01:00
Thomas Peschak
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（字幕：托马斯•佩斯查克）
01:02
Conservation Photographer
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（字幕：环保摄影师）
01:04
In my 40 years on this planet,
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在过去40年，
01:06
I've had the great privilege to explore
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我有幸探索了
01:08
some of its most incredible seascapes
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地球上最美妙的海洋景观，
01:10
for National Geographic Magazine
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为《国家地理杂志》
01:12
and the Save Our Seas Foundation.
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和“拯救我们的海洋”基金会供稿。
01:14
I've photographed everything
from really, really big sharks
from really, really big sharks
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我的拍摄对象大到巨型鲨鱼，
01:17
to dainty ones that fit
in the palm of your hand.
in the palm of your hand.
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小到可以在你手掌上游动。
01:20
I've smelled the fishy, fishy breath
of humpback whales
of humpback whales
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在加拿大大熊雨林边寒冷的海中，
01:23
feeding just feet away from me
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我遇到过座头鲸就在我身边大快朵颐，
01:25
in the cold seas off Canada's
Great Bear Rainforest.
Great Bear Rainforest.
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那满嘴鱼腥味让我难忘。
01:28
And I've been privy to the mating rituals
of green sea turtles
of green sea turtles
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在莫桑比克海峡，我看到了
01:31
in the Mozambique Channel.
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绿海龟的求爱仪式。
01:32
Everyone on this planet affects
and is affected by the ocean.
and is affected by the ocean.
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我们每一个人都会
影响海洋，也会被海洋影响。
影响海洋，也会被海洋影响。
01:36
And the pristine seas
I used to dream of as a child
I used to dream of as a child
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而我小时候梦想过的纯净海洋，
01:38
are becoming harder and harder to find.
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如今已越来越难找到。
01:41
They are becoming more compressed
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它们的范围日益缩小，
01:43
and more threatened.
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受到的威胁日益增加。
01:45
As we humans continue to maintain our role
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我们人类一直占据着地球上
01:48
as the leading predator on earth,
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食物链顶端的位置，
01:50
I've witnessed and photographed
many of these ripple effects firsthand.
many of these ripple effects firsthand.
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我亲眼见到并用相机记录下了这些行为。
01:55
For a long time, I thought
I had to shock my audience
I had to shock my audience
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长久以来，我以为只有震撼的照片
01:58
out of their indifference
with disturbing images.
with disturbing images.
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才能让我的观众警醒。
02:00
And while this approach has merits,
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当然这种看法也是有好处的，
02:02
I have come full circle.
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那就是让我回到了原点。
02:04
I believe that the best way
for me to effect change
for me to effect change
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我相信带来改变的最好方法
02:07
is to sell love.
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就是传播爱。
02:08
I guess I'm a matchmaker of sorts
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我觉得自己是人和动物间的桥梁，
02:10
and as a photographer,
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作为一名摄影师，
02:12
I have the rare opportunity
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我有难得的机会
02:14
to reveal animals and entire ecosystems
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去揭开隐藏在大洋深处的
02:16
that lie hidden beneath
the ocean's surface.
the ocean's surface.
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动物和生态系统的神秘面纱。
02:19
You can't love something
and become a champion for it
and become a champion for it
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如果你都不知道某件东西的存在，
你怎么可能
你怎么可能
02:22
if you don't know it exists.
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去爱它和保护它呢。
02:24
Uncovering this -- that is the power
of conservation photography.
of conservation photography.
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而这，恰恰是我们环保摄影师的强项。
02:29
(Music)
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（音乐）
02:32
I've visited hundreds of marine locations,
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我去过几百个不同海域，
02:35
but there are a handful of seascapes
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但真正让我永生难忘的景象
02:37
that have touched me incredibly deeply.
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只有那么几个。
02:40
The first time I experienced
that kind of high
that kind of high
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我第一次被这样的场景所震撼
02:43
was about 10 years ago,
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是在差不多十年前，
02:45
off South Africa's rugged, wild coast.
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在南非崎岖陡峭的海岸边。
02:47
And every June and July,
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每年六七月间，
02:49
enormous shoals of sardines
travel northwards
travel northwards
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无数的沙丁鱼会向北迁徙，
02:51
in a mass migration
we call the Sardine Run.
we call the Sardine Run.
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我们称之为“沙丁鱼潮”。
02:54
And boy, do those fish
have good reason to run.
have good reason to run.
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相信我，这些鱼必须这么做。
02:56
In hot pursuit are hoards
of hungry and agile predators.
of hungry and agile predators.
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因为有成群结队饥肠辘辘、
身手敏捷的捕猎者在身后追赶。
身手敏捷的捕猎者在身后追赶。
03:01
Common dolphins hunt together
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比如集体捕猎的海豚，
03:02
and they can separate some
of the sardines from the main shoal
of the sardines from the main shoal
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它们将一部分沙丁鱼
从鱼群中中分离出来，
从鱼群中中分离出来，
03:05
and they create bait balls.
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把它们聚成球状。
03:07
They drive and trap the fish upward
against the ocean surface
against the ocean surface
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海豚会把这些沙丁鱼赶到离海面较近的地方
03:11
and then they rush in to dine
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然后冲进鱼群大快朵颐，
03:12
on this pulsating and movable feast.
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享受这移动的盛宴。
03:15
Close behind are sharks.
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紧随其后的是鲨鱼。
03:17
Now, most people believe
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大部人会认为，
鲨鱼和海豚是天敌，
03:18
that sharks and dolphins
are these mortal enemies,
are these mortal enemies,
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但在“沙丁鱼潮”中，
它俩是共存的。
它俩是共存的。
03:20
but during the Sardine Run,
they actually coexist.
they actually coexist.
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03:23
In fact, dolphins actually
help sharks feed more effectively.
help sharks feed more effectively.
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实际上，在海豚的帮助下，
鲨鱼吃得更爽了。
鲨鱼吃得更爽了。
03:27
Without dolphins, the bait balls
are more dispersed
are more dispersed
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没有海豚的驱赶，
沙丁鱼很难聚成球状，
沙丁鱼很难聚成球状，
03:31
and sharks often end up
with what I call a sardine donut,
with what I call a sardine donut,
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鲨鱼经常会从鱼群中间穿过，
就像穿过甜甜圈一样，
就像穿过甜甜圈一样，
03:35
or a mouth full of water.
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有时候只能喝一肚子水。
03:36
Now, while I've had a few spicy moments
with sharks on the sardine run,
with sharks on the sardine run,
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我在“沙丁鱼潮”中与鲨群有过几次亲密接触，
03:40
I know they don't see me as prey.
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我明白鲨鱼没把我放在眼里。
03:42
However, I get bumped and tail-slapped
just like any other guest
just like any other guest
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但我还是不停被撞到，被尾巴扫到，
就像这场喧闹盛宴上的其他客人一样。
03:46
at this rowdy, rowdy banquet.
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03:49
From the shores of Africa we travel east,
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我们从非洲海岸线往东航行，
03:52
across the vastness
that is the Indian Ocean
that is the Indian Ocean
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穿过浩瀚的印度洋，
03:54
to the Maldives, an archipelago
of coral islands.
of coral islands.
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来到马尔代夫——一个由珊瑚礁组成的群岛。
03:58
And during the stormy southwest monsoon,
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在暴风雨不断的西南季风季节里，
04:01
manta rays from all across the archipelago
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生活在群岛海域的魔鬼鱼
04:03
travel to a tiny speck
in Baa Atoll called Hanifaru.
in Baa Atoll called Hanifaru.
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都会聚集到巴阿环礁
一个叫哈尼法鲁的小岛附近。
一个叫哈尼法鲁的小岛附近。
04:06
Armies of crustaceans,
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成群的小虾小蟹，
04:08
most no bigger than the size
of your pupils,
of your pupils,
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大部分比咱们的瞳孔还要小，
04:10
are the mainstay of the manta ray's diet.
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是魔鬼鱼的主要食物。
04:14
When plankton concentrations
become patchy,
become patchy,
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当这些浮游生物比较分散时，
04:16
manta rays feed alone
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魔鬼鱼一般单独捕食，
04:18
and they somersault themselves
backwards again and again,
backwards again and again,
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它们在水里不停的向后翻滚，
04:20
very much like a puppy
chasing its own tail.
chasing its own tail.
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就像小狗追着自己的尾巴。
04:23
(Music)
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（音乐）
04:27
However, when plankton densities increase,
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而当浮游生物聚集得越来越多时，
04:29
the mantas line up head-to-tail
to form these long feeding chains,
to form these long feeding chains,
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魔鬼鱼就开始首尾相连，
排成长长的进食队形，
排成长长的进食队形，
04:33
and any tasty morsel that escapes
the first or second manta in line
the first or second manta in line
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队首的魔鬼鱼漏掉的美味
04:37
is surely to be gobbled up
by the next or the one after.
by the next or the one after.
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会被后面的同伴吞食干净。
04:41
As plankton levels peak in the bay,
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随着海湾里的浮游生物越聚越多，
04:43
the mantas swim closer and closer together
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魔鬼鱼的队形也越聚越拢，
04:46
in a unique behavior
we call cyclone feeding.
we call cyclone feeding.
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这种独特的捕食方法，
我们称之为“旋风捕食法”。
我们称之为“旋风捕食法”。
04:48
And as they swirl in tight formation,
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魔鬼鱼们层层叠叠，
04:51
this multi-step column of mantas
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排成紧密的队形旋转，
04:52
creates its own vortex, sucking in
and delivering the plankton
and delivering the plankton
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形成漩涡，将浮游生物吸住，
04:56
right into the mantas' cavernous mouths.
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径直送入魔鬼鱼巨大的嘴中。
04:59
The experience of diving
amongst such masses of hundreds of rays
amongst such masses of hundreds of rays
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在成百上千魔鬼鱼中间潜水，
05:03
is truly unforgettable.
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那景象让我终生难忘。
（音乐）
05:06
(Music)
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05:54
When I first photographed Hanifaru,
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当我第一次去哈尼法鲁拍照时，
05:55
the site enjoyed no protection
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那里还没有被保护起来，
05:57
and was threatened by development.
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生态环境受到当地发展的威胁。
05:59
And working with NGOs
like the Manta Trust,
like the Manta Trust,
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通过与“魔鬼鱼信托基金”
这类的非政府组织合作，
这类的非政府组织合作，
06:01
my images eventually helped Hanifaru
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我的照片最终帮助哈尼法鲁
06:03
become a marine-protected area.
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成为了海洋保护区。
06:05
Now, fisherman from neighboring islands,
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附近岛屿的渔民，
06:07
they once hunted these manta rays
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曾经捕杀过许多魔鬼鱼，
06:09
to make traditional drums
from their skins.
from their skins.
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用它们的皮来制作传统的鼓。
06:12
Today, they are the most ardent
conservation champions
conservation champions
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而如今，他们成为了魔鬼鱼最坚定的保护者，
06:15
and manta rays earn the Maldivian economy
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魔鬼鱼每年为马尔代夫带来
06:18
in excess of 8 million dollars
every single year.
every single year.
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超过800万美元的收入。
06:23
I have always wanted
to travel back in time
to travel back in time
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我一直想回到过去，
06:25
to an era where maps were mostly blank
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回到那个大部分地图还是一片空白，
06:28
or they read, "There be dragons."
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或者标着“此处有龙”的时代。
06:30
And today, the closest I've come
is visiting remote atolls
is visiting remote atolls
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到目前为止，我去过的
最类似的地方是一些位于西印度洋
最类似的地方是一些位于西印度洋
06:33
in the western Indian Ocean.
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的偏远环礁。
06:35
Far, far away from shipping lanes
and fishing fleets,
and fishing fleets,
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那里远离渔场和渔船，
06:38
diving into these waters
is a poignant reminder
is a poignant reminder
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在那里潜水总是让我感到悲凉，
06:42
of what our oceans once looked like.
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因为它让我想起海洋曾经的样子。
06:44
Very few people have heard
of Bassas da India,
of Bassas da India,
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很少有人听说过印度礁，
06:47
a tiny speck of coral
in the Mozambique Channel.
in the Mozambique Channel.
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它是一个很小的珊瑚环礁，
位于莫桑比克海峡。
位于莫桑比克海峡。
06:51
Its reef forms a protective outer barrier
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它外围的礁石形成了保护屏障
06:54
and the inner lagoon is a nursery ground
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中间的环礁湖成为了
06:57
for Galapagos sharks.
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加拉帕戈斯鲨鱼的幼儿园。
06:58
These sharks are anything but shy,
even during the day.
even during the day.
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这些鲨鱼从不害羞，
即使在白天也一样。
即使在白天也一样。
07:03
I had a bit of a hunch
that they'd be even bolder
that they'd be even bolder
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我猜它们在晚上会更加活泼，
07:05
and more abundant at night.
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数量也会更多。
07:08
(Music)
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（音乐）
07:16
Never before have I encountered
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我以前从未在一个珊瑚环礁湖中
07:18
so many sharks on a single coral outcrop.
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看到过如此多的鲨鱼。
07:21
Capturing and sharing moments like this --
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记录和分享这样的瞬间——
07:25
that reminds me why I chose my path.
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时刻提醒我选择这条道路的初衷。
07:29
Earlier this year, I was on assignment
for National Geographic Magazine
for National Geographic Magazine
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今年早些时候，为完成
《国家地理杂志》的合约拍摄，
《国家地理杂志》的合约拍摄，
07:33
in Baja California.
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我来到加利福尼亚半岛。
07:34
And about halfway down the peninsula
on the Pacific side
on the Pacific side
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在半岛中部，临太平洋的一侧，
07:37
lies San Ignacio Lagoon,
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坐落着圣伊格纳西奥环礁湖，
07:39
a critical calving ground for gray whales.
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那里是灰鲸重要的繁殖地。
07:41
For 100 years, this coast was the scene
of a wholesale slaughter,
of a wholesale slaughter,
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在过去的一百年里，
这段海岸线就是一个巨大的屠宰场，
这段海岸线就是一个巨大的屠宰场，
07:45
where more than 20,000
gray whales were killed,
gray whales were killed,
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超过2万头灰鲸在这里被杀，
07:48
leaving only a few hundred survivors.
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只剩下几百头幸存者。
07:50
Today the descendents of these same whales
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而现在，这些灰鲸的后裔
07:53
nudge their youngsters to the surface
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会将自己的幼仔推向海面，
07:55
to play and even interact with us.
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玩耍嬉戏，甚至与我们互动。
（音乐）
07:59
(Music)
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08:08
This species truly has made
a remarkable comeback.
a remarkable comeback.
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这一物种令人惊讶地恢复过来了。
08:14
Now, on the other side
of the peninsula lies Cabo Pulmo,
of the peninsula lies Cabo Pulmo,
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在半岛的另一侧是普尔莫角，
08:17
a sleepy fishing village.
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一个宁静的小渔村。
08:19
Decades of overfishing
had brought them close to collapse.
had brought them close to collapse.
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数十年的过度捕捞一度
将这个村子带到破产边缘。
将这个村子带到破产边缘。
08:22
In 1995, local fisherman
convinced the authorities
convinced the authorities
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1995年，当地渔民说服政府
08:25
to proclaim their waters a marine reserve.
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将这片海域列为海洋保护区。
08:27
But what happened next
was nothing short of miraculous.
was nothing short of miraculous.
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接下来发生的一切简直可以说是奇迹。
08:31
In 2005, after only
a single decade of protection,
a single decade of protection,
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在2005年，仅仅经过10年的保护，
08:35
scientists measured the largest
recovery of fish ever recorded.
recovery of fish ever recorded.
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科学家发现，当地鱼群数量
得到了创纪录的恢复。
得到了创纪录的恢复。
08:39
But don't take my word
for it -- come with me.
for it -- come with me.
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眼见为凭，跟我一起来吧。
08:42
On a single breath, swim with me in deep,
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深吸一口气，与我一起潜入海底，
08:45
into one of the largest
and densest schools of fish
and densest schools of fish
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去看看我遇到过的最庞大、最密集的鱼群
08:48
I have ever encountered.
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是什么样子。
（音乐）
08:51
(Music)
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09:03
We all have the ability
to be creators of hope.
to be creators of hope.
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我们都有能力创造希望。
09:05
And through my photography,
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我想通过自己的照片，
09:07
I want to pass on the message
that it is not too late for our oceans.
that it is not too late for our oceans.
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传递一个信息，从现在开始
拯救海洋还不算太晚。
拯救海洋还不算太晚。
09:11
And particularly, I want to focus
on nature's resilience
on nature's resilience
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我尤其想关注大自然所拥有的恢复能力，
09:14
in the face of 7.3 billion people.
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在它面对73亿人类的时候。
09:18
My hope is that in the future,
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我希望在未来的时光里，
09:20
I will have to search much, much harder
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我将越来越难拍到
09:22
to make photographs like this,
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这样的照片，
09:24
while creating images that showcase
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而是拍到更多
09:27
our respectful coexistence with the ocean.
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反映人与海洋和谐共处的照片。
09:30
Those will hopefully become
an everyday occurrence for me.
an everyday occurrence for me.
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真希望我每天都能拍到这样的照片。
09:34
To thrive and survive in my profession,
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要想在我们这一行干出点名堂，
09:37
you really have to be a hopeless optimist.
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你必须是个无可救药的乐观主义者。
09:40
And I always operate on the assumption
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我总是怀着这样的一个假设在拍照，
09:42
that the next great picture
that will effect change
that will effect change
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下一张能够带来改变的伟大照片
09:45
is right around the corner,
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就在前面等我，
09:47
behind the next coral head,
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也许就在下一个珊瑚礁后面，
09:49
inside the next lagoon
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在下一个环礁湖里，
09:51
or possibly, in the one after it.
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要不然，就在再下一个。
09:54
(Music)
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（音乐）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Thomas Peschak - Conservation photographerThomas Peschak strives to merge photojournalism and cutting edge science to create powerful media projects that tackle critical marine conservation issues.
Why you should listen
Thomas P. Peschak is an assignment photographer for National Geographic Magazine and the Director of Conservation for the Save our Seas Foundation (SOSF). He is a senior fellow of the International League of Conservation Photographers and has been named as one of the 40 most influential nature photographers in the world.
Originally trained as a marine biologist, he retired from science fieldwork in 2004. He became an environmental photojournalist after realizing that he could have a greater conservation impact with photographs than statistics. Yet he remains rooted in marine science through his roles as Director of Conservation for SOSF and Founding/Associate Director of the Manta Trust.
Thomas has written and photographed five books: Currents of Contrast, Great White Shark, Wild Seas Secret Shores and Lost World. His latest book, Sharks and People, was released in 2013 and chronicles the relationship between people and sharks around the world.
He is a multiple winner in the BBC Wildlife Photographer of the Year Awards and in 2011 and 2013 he received World Press Photo Awards for his work.
Thomas Peschak | Speaker | TED.com