TEDxDePaulUniversity
Kelly Richmond Pope: How whistle-blowers shape history
كيلي ريتشموند بوب: الوشاة يشكّلون التاريخ
Filmed:
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تشاركت الباحثة "كيلي ريتشموند بوب" في قضايا الاحتيال وصانعة الفيلم الوثائقي بهذا الخصوص بالدروس المستقاة من بعض الملفات الخاصة بالوشاة في الماضي لتشرح أهمية مشاركتهم للمعلومات التي ساهمت بتغيير خارطة التاريخ وكيف أن أمثالهم بحاجة لثقتنا وحمايتنا.
Kelly Richmond Pope - Fraud researcher, documentary filmmaker
Kelly Richmond Pope researches organizational misconduct, ethics and fraud. Full bio
Kelly Richmond Pope researches organizational misconduct, ethics and fraud. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
How many of us have ever seen something,
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كم شاهد العديد منا خطأ ما
00:16
thought that we should report it,
but decided not to?
but decided not to?
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وهو يعتقد بوجوب التبليغ عنه لكنه لم يفعل؟
00:21
And not that I need
to see a show of hands,
to see a show of hands,
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ولا أرغب برؤية عدد الأشخاص الفعلي هنا
00:23
but I'm sure this has happened
to someone in this room before.
to someone in this room before.
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لكني متأكدة من حدوث الأمر لأحد ما هنا
00:26
In fact, when this question
was asked to a group of employees,
was asked to a group of employees,
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حقيقة عند طرح السؤال على موظفين
00:29
46 percent of them responded
by saying that they had seen something
by saying that they had seen something
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قال 46 بالمائة منهم أنه شاهد شيئاً ما
00:32
and decided not to report it.
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وقرر عدم التبليغ عن ذلك
00:34
So if you raised your hand,
or quietly raised your hand,
or quietly raised your hand,
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لذا إن رفعت يدك أو فعلت ذلك بهدوء
00:37
don't feel bad, you're not alone.
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لا تنزعج لأنك لست الوحيد الذي حدث معه هذا
00:40
This message of if you see something
to say something
to say something
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هذه الرسالة هي حول رؤية شيء ما والحديث عنه
00:43
is really all around us.
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وموجودة حولنا باستمرار حتى عند
00:45
Even when driving down the highway,
you see billboards like this,
you see billboards like this,
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القيادة على الخط السريع ترى لافتات كهذه
00:49
encouraging us to report crime
without revealing ourselves.
without revealing ourselves.
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تشجعنا على التبليغ عن جريمة بدون كشف الاسم
00:52
But I still feel like a lot of us
are really uncomfortable
are really uncomfortable
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لكن أشعر ان الكثير منا لا يرتاح لفعل ذلك
00:55
coming forward in the name of the truth.
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التقدم والحديث باسم الحقيقة
00:57
I'm an accounting professor,
and I do fraud research.
and I do fraud research.
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أنا أستاذ في المحاسبة وقمت ببحث مزيف
01:00
And in my class, I encourage my students
to come forward with information
to come forward with information
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وفي صفي أشجع الطلاب أن يقدموا معلوماتهم لي
01:04
if they see it.
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لكن ماذا لو عرفوا بذلك؟
01:05
Or in other words, encouraging
my students to become whistle-blowers.
my students to become whistle-blowers.
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بمعنى آخر أشجعهم على الوشاية بالآخرين
01:09
But if I'm being completely
honest with myself,
honest with myself,
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لكن لو كنت صادقاً تماماً مع نفسي
01:12
I am really conflicted with this message
that I'm sending to my students.
that I'm sending to my students.
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سأكون متعارضةً مع رسالتي
التي أرسلها لطلابي
التي أرسلها لطلابي
01:15
And here's why.
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وهذا هو السبب
01:18
Whistle-blowers are under attack.
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لأن الواشين في دائرة الهجوم دوماً
01:21
Headline after headline shows us this.
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اللافتة تلو الأخرى تخبرنا بذلك
01:25
Many people choose
not to become whistle-blowers
not to become whistle-blowers
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والعديد من الناس يفضلون أن لا يكونوا كذلك
01:28
due to the fear of retaliation.
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بسبب الخوف من الانتقام
01:30
From demotions to death threats,
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بدءاً من تقليل ترقيتهم وللتهديد بالقتل
01:34
to job loss --
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وخسارة العمل
01:36
perpetual job loss.
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وخسارة دائمة له
01:38
Choosing to become a whistle-blower
is an uphill battle.
is an uphill battle.
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اختيار دور الواشي معركة تحتاج وقت وجهد
01:41
Their loyalty becomes into question.
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لأنه يصار بالتشكيك بولائهم
01:44
Their motives, their trustworthiness.
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بنواياهم وبمدى موثوقيتهم
01:47
So how can I, as a professor
who really cares about her students
who really cares about her students
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إذا كيف أستطيع كأستاذ يهتم بالفعل بطلابه
01:51
encourage them to become whistle-blowers,
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بتشجيعهم أن يكونوا من فئة الواشين بالآخرين
01:53
when I know how the world
truly feels about them?
truly feels about them?
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عندما أعلم تماماً كيف يشعر العالم حيالهم
01:56
So, one day I was getting ready
for my annual whistle-blower lecture
for my annual whistle-blower lecture
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لذلك كنت أجهز لمحاضرة سنوية حول الموضوع
01:59
with my students.
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مع طلابي
02:01
And I was working
on an article for "Forbes,"
on an article for "Forbes,"
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وكنت أعمل على مقالة لمجلة فوربس
02:03
entitled "Wells Fargo
and Millennial Whistle-blowing.
and Millennial Whistle-blowing.
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بعنوان "ويل فارغو وألفية الوشاية
02:05
What Do We Tell Them?"
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ماذا قلنا لهم؟"
02:07
And as I was working on this piece
and reading about the case,
and reading about the case,
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أثناء عملي على الموضوع وقراءة إحدى الحالات
02:10
I became outraged.
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اشطت غضباً
02:11
And what made me angry
was when I came to the fact and realized
was when I came to the fact and realized
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والسبب عندما وصلت إلى نتيجة ومفادها
02:15
that the employees
that tried to whistle-blow
that tried to whistle-blow
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أن الموظف يحاول أن يكون واشياً
02:18
were actually fired.
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كان يتم طرده فعلياً
02:20
And it really made me think
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وجعلني هذا أفكر
02:21
about the message
that I was sharing with my students.
that I was sharing with my students.
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حول الرسالة التي أشاركها مع طلابي
02:24
And it made me think: What if my students
had been Wells Fargo employees?
had been Wells Fargo employees?
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فكرت ماذا لو كان طلابي من موظفي ويلزفارغو؟
02:29
On the one hand, if they whistle-blew,
they would have gotten fired.
they would have gotten fired.
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من جهة لو فعلوا ذلك لطردوا
02:33
But on the other hand,
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ولكن من جهة أخرى
02:34
if they didn't report
the frauds that they knew,
the frauds that they knew,
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إن لم يفعلوا سيقوم المحتالون الذين يعرفوهم
02:37
the way current regulation is written,
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وبالطريقة المنظمة القوانين وفقها
02:39
employees are held responsible
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سيتحمل الموظفون المسؤولية
02:42
if they knew something
and didn't report it.
and didn't report it.
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إن عرفوا شيئاً ولم يبلغوا عنه
02:44
So criminal prosecution is a real option.
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لذلك خيار المحاكم الجنائية حقيقي هنا
02:47
What's a person supposed to do
with those type of odds?
with those type of odds?
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ماذا يتوجب فعله في ظل خيارات كهذه؟
02:50
I of all people know
the valuable contributions
the valuable contributions
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وأنا أعلم المساهمة القيمة
02:54
that whistle-blowers make.
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التي يقوم بها هؤلاء الواشون
02:56
In fact, most frauds
are discovered by them.
are discovered by them.
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حقيقة أن معظم المحتالين المكتشفين من قبلهم
02:59
Forty two percent of frauds
are discovered by a whistle-blower
are discovered by a whistle-blower
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بنسبة 42% يتم اكتشافهم من قبل الواشين
03:02
in comparison to other methods,
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مقارنة بطرق أخرى لاكتشافهم
03:04
like measurement review
and external audit.
and external audit.
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كالفحص القياسي أو التدقيق الخارجي
03:07
And when you think
about some of the more classic
about some of the more classic
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أو عند التفكير عن حالات احتيال تقليدية
03:09
or historical fraud cases,
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أو تاريخية
03:11
it always is around a whistle-blower.
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تجد أنها تدور حول الوشاة
03:14
Think Watergate --
discovered by a whistle-blower.
discovered by a whistle-blower.
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فكر في أن فضيحة وترغيت بسبب الوشاية
03:16
Think Enron -- discovered
by a whistle-blower.
by a whistle-blower.
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وفضيحة إنرون اكتشفت من قبل واشي
03:19
And who can forget about Bernard Madoff,
discovered by a whistle-blower?
discovered by a whistle-blower?
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ومن ينسى "بيرنارد مادوف" التي اكتشفها واش؟
03:24
It takes a tremendous amount of courage
to come forward in the name of the truth.
to come forward in the name of the truth.
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وتطلب الأمر شجاعة كبيرة للبوح بالاسم
03:28
But when we think
about the term whistle-blower,
about the term whistle-blower,
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لكن لو فكرنا بمطلح الواشي
03:31
we often think of some
very descriptive words:
very descriptive words:
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فإننا نفكر في كلمات وصفية الشكل
03:35
rat,
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مريب
03:37
snake,
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مخادع
03:39
traitor,
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خائن
03:40
tattletale, weasel.
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نمّام، خبيث.
03:43
And those are the nice words,
the ones I can say from the stage.
the ones I can say from the stage.
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وهذه الكلمات اللطيفة التي يمكن قولها هنا
03:46
And so when I'm not in class,
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لذا عندما لا أكون في القاعة
03:48
I go around the country
and I interview white-collar felons,
and I interview white-collar felons,
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أذهب بأرجاء المدينة وأقابل موظفين جناة
03:51
whistle-blowers and victims of fraud.
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وشاة وضحايا احتيال
03:53
Because really I'm trying to understand
what makes them tick
what makes them tick
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لأنني أرغب بمعرفة السبب وراء الإشارة نحوهم
03:56
and to bring those experiences
back into the classroom.
back into the classroom.
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وإحضار تجاربهم أمام طلابي في القاعة
03:59
But it's my interviews with
whistle-blowers that really stick with me.
whistle-blowers that really stick with me.
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ولا أنسى المقابلات التي أجريها مع الواشين
04:03
And they stick with me,
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وتبقى معي
04:04
because they make me question
my own courage.
my own courage.
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لأنهم يجعلوني أشكك بمدى شجاعتي أنا
04:07
When given the opportunity,
would I actually speak up?
would I actually speak up?
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عند منحي الفرصة ما الذي يتوجب الحديث عنه؟
04:11
And so, this is a couple stories
that I want to share with you.
that I want to share with you.
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لذا هذه مجموعة قصص أرغب بمشاركتها وإياكم
04:14
This is Mary.
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هذه القصة عن ماري
04:15
Mary Willingham is the whistle-blower
from the University of North Carolina
from the University of North Carolina
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ماري ولينغهام واشية من جامعة شمال
04:18
at Chapel Hill, academic fraud case.
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كاليفورنيا في تشابلهل بقضية احتيال أكاديمي
04:22
And Mary was a learning specialist
at the university,
at the university,
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وكانت تدرس اختصاصا في الجامعة
04:25
and she worked with students,
primarily student athletes.
primarily student athletes.
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كانت تعمل مع الطلاب وبالأخص الرياضيين
04:28
And what she noticed,
when she was working with students,
when she was working with students,
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وما لاحظته من خلال عملها معهم
04:31
is they were turning in term papers
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أنهم يقدمون الأوراق الفصلية
04:34
that seemed well beyond
their reading levels.
their reading levels.
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أفضل من مستويات قرائتهم الفعلية
04:37
She started to ask a couple of questions
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وبدأت تسأل بضع أسئلة
04:39
and she found out
that there was a database
that there was a database
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واكتشفت وجود قاعدة بيانات
04:41
where the student athletes
could retrieve papers and turn them in.
could retrieve papers and turn them in.
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يمكن للطلاب جلب الأوراق وتقديمها
04:44
And then she found out
that some of her colleagues
that some of her colleagues
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ثم اكتشفت أن بعض زملائها يرسلون
04:47
were funneling students into fake classes,
just to keep them eligible to play.
just to keep them eligible to play.
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الطلاب لصفوف وهمية ليلعبوا بلياقة
04:53
Now, when Mary found this out,
she was outraged.
she was outraged.
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عندما اكتشفت ماري هذا الأمر استشاطت غضباً
04:56
And so what she tried to do
was go to her direct supervisor.
was go to her direct supervisor.
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وحاولت أن تذهب إلى مشرفها مباشرة
04:59
But they didn't do anything.
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لكنهم لم يفعلوا أي شيء
05:01
And then Mary tried to go to some
internal university administrators.
internal university administrators.
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ثم حاولت الذهاب لإداريي الجامعة الداخليين
05:04
And they didn't do anything.
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ولم يفعلوا شيء
05:06
So, what happens when nobody listens?
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إذاً ما العمل عندما لا يصغي أحد؟
05:08
You blog.
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تنشئ مدونة
05:10
So Mary decided to develop a blog.
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لذلك قررت عمل مدونة
05:12
Her blog went viral within 24 hours,
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وانتشرت المدونة في خلال 24 ساعة
05:14
and she was contacted by a reporter.
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واتصل بها أحد الصحافيين
05:17
Now, when she was contacted
by this reporter,
by this reporter,
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الآن عندما اتصل بها هذا الصحافي
05:19
her identity was known.
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انكشفت هويتها
05:21
She was exposed.
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وأصبحت مكشوفة تماماً
05:22
And when she was exposed,
she received a demotion,
she received a demotion,
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وبسبب ذلك نزلت إلى منصب أقل مما كانت عليه
05:26
death threats, over collegiate sports.
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وهددت بالقتل عبر زملاء رياضيين
05:30
Mary didn't do anything wrong.
She didn't participate in the fraud.
She didn't participate in the fraud.
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لكنها لم تخطئ ولم تشارك في الاحتيال
05:34
She really thought
that she was giving voice
that she was giving voice
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واعتقدت بالفعل أنها تفسح مكاناً وحسب
05:36
to students that were voiceless.
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للطلاب المغمورين
05:38
But her loyalty was questioned.
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لكن بدأ التشكيك بولائها
05:41
Her trustworthiness and her motives.
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وبمصداقيتها ودوافعها
05:45
Now, whistle-blowing
doesn't always have to end
doesn't always have to end
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الآن ليس كل الوشاة ينتهي بهم الأمر
05:48
in demotions or death threats.
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بتخفيض منزلتهم أو تهديدات بالقتل
05:50
Actually, in 2002, this was
the cover of "Time" magazine,
the cover of "Time" magazine,
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وحقيقة في 2002 كان هذا على غلاف مجلة تايم
05:54
where we were actually honoring
three brave whistle-blowers
three brave whistle-blowers
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هل نكرم بالفعل الوشاة الثلاثة الشجعان؟
05:57
for their decision to come forward
in the name of the truth.
in the name of the truth.
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لقرارهم بالاستمرار باسم الحقيقة
06:00
And when you look at the research,
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وعندما تنظر في البحث
06:02
22 percent of whistle-blowers
actually report retaliation.
actually report retaliation.
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22% بالمئة من الوشاة أبلغوا بالفعل عن ثأر
06:06
So there is a huge population of people
that report and are not retaliated against
that report and are not retaliated against
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لذلك عدد كبير من الناس الذين يبلغون ولا
06:11
and that gives me hope.
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يطالهم الثأر فقدوا الأمل
06:14
So this is Kathe.
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وهذه هي كاثي
06:15
Kathe Swanson is a retired city clerk
from the city of Dixon.
from the city of Dixon.
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كاثي سوتنسون موظفة متقاعدة من دكسون
06:20
And one day, Kathe was doing her job,
just like she always did,
just like she always did,
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أحد الأيام أثناء عملها بالطريقة المعتادة
06:24
and she stumbled upon
a pretty interesting case.
a pretty interesting case.
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تعثرت بإحدى القضايا المثيرة للاهتمام
06:27
See, Kathe was at the end of the month,
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وانتبهوا كانت كاثي في نهاية الشهر
06:29
and she was doing
her treasures report for the city,
her treasures report for the city,
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وكانت تقوم بعد تقريرها كأمين صندوق للمدينة
06:32
and typically, her boss, Rita Crundwell,
gave her a list of accounts and said,
gave her a list of accounts and said,
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وأعطتها رئيستها ريتا كراندويل لائحة حسابات
06:36
"Kathe, call the bank
and get these specific accounts."
and get these specific accounts."
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وقالت اتصلي بالبنك أريد الحسابات هذه
06:39
And Kathe did her job.
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وقامت كاثي بعملها
06:41
But this particular day,
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لكن في هذا اليوم
06:42
Rita was out of town, and Kathe was busy.
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كانت ريتا غير موجودة وكاثي مشغولة
06:45
She picks up the phone, she calls the bank
and says, "Fax me all of the accounts."
and says, "Fax me all of the accounts."
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أخذت التلفون واتصلت بالبنك لإرسال الحسابات
06:50
And when she gets the fax,
she sees that there is an account
she sees that there is an account
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بالفاكس وعندما حصلت عليها لاحظت حسابا
06:53
that has some withdrawals
and deposits in it
and deposits in it
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حيث عمليات السحب والإيداع فيه
06:55
that she did not know about.
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لم تعلم عنها شيئاً
06:57
It was an account controlled only by Rita.
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كان هذا الحساب تديره ريتا فقط
07:00
So Kathe looked at the information,
she reported it to her direct supervisor,
she reported it to her direct supervisor,
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لذلك نظرت كاثي للمعلومة وأخبرت مشرفتها
07:04
which was then-mayor Burke,
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المباشرة ميور بيرك
07:06
and this led into a huge investigation,
a six-month investigation.
a six-month investigation.
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ووصل هذا الأمر لتحقيق كبير دام لستة أشهر
07:11
Come to find out, Kathe's boss,
Rita Crundwell, was embezzling money.
Rita Crundwell, was embezzling money.
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انتهى باكتشاف الرئيسة ريتا تختلس الأموال
07:16
Rita was embezzling 53 million dollars
over a 20-year period,
over a 20-year period,
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والمبلغ 53 مليون دولار لمدة 20 عام
07:21
and Kathe just happened
to stumble upon it.
to stumble upon it.
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وتصادف تعثر كاثي بهذه القصة
07:25
Kathe is a hero.
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كاثي إذا بطلة
07:28
And actually, I had the opportunity
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وفعليا سنحت لي الفرصة
07:29
of interviewing Kathe for my documentary,
"All the Queen's Horses."
"All the Queen's Horses."
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للقاء بها لبرنامجي الوثائقي فرسان الملكة
07:33
And Kathe wasn't seeking fame.
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وهي لم تتكن تطلب الشهرة
07:35
In fact, she really didn't want
to talk to me for a really long time,
to talk to me for a really long time,
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في الحقيقة لم تكن ترغب بالكلام معي مطولا
07:39
but through strategic stalking,
she ended up doing the interview.
she ended up doing the interview.
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لكن باستراتيجية تعقب اتبعتها فعلت ذلك
07:42
(Laughter)
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(ضحك)
07:43
But she was seeking fairness, not fame.
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لكنها كانت ترغب بالعدالة لا الشهرة
07:45
And if it wasn't for Kathe,
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إن لم تكن كاثي
07:47
who's to say this fraud
would have ever been discovered?
would have ever been discovered?
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من الذي سيكتشف هذا الاحتيال؟
07:51
So, remember that "Forbes" article
I was talking about,
I was talking about,
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لذا تذكرون مقالة فوربز التي كنت أتحدث عنها
07:53
that I was working on before my lecture?
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تلك التي كنت أعمل عليها قبل المحاضرة؟
07:55
Well, I posted it and something
really fantastic happened.
really fantastic happened.
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قمت بنشرها وحصل أمر ممتع فعلاً
07:59
I started receiving emails
from whistle-blowers all over the world.
from whistle-blowers all over the world.
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تلقيت بريد إلكتروني من الوشاة حول العالم
08:04
And as I was receiving these emails
and responding back to them,
and responding back to them,
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وعندما تلقيت هذا العدد وكنت أرد عليه
08:07
there was a common theme
in the message that I received,
in the message that I received,
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كان الموضوع المشترك لهذه الرسائل المتلقاة
08:10
and this is what it was:
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وهذا فحواها
08:11
they all said this, "I blew the whistle,
people really hate me now.
people really hate me now.
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جميعهم قال قمت بالوشاية والناس كرهوني فعلا
08:15
I got fired, but guess what?
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طردت من عملي لكن احزر ماذا؟
08:18
I would do it all over again if I could."
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سأعيد فعل ذلك ثانية إن استطعت
08:21
And so as I kept reading this message,
all these messages,
all these messages,
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واستمررت بقراءة هذه الرسالة، وكل الرسائل
08:24
I wanted to think,
what could I share with my students?
what could I share with my students?
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عندما أردت التفكير بما سأتشاركه مع طلابي
08:27
And so, I pulled it all together
and this is what I learned.
and this is what I learned.
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لذلك جمعتها كلها وهذا ما تعلمته
08:31
It's important for us to cultivate hope.
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من المهم لنا زرع بذور الأمل
08:34
Whistle-blowers are hopeful.
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والتبليغ عن أخطاء الآخرين مبعث للأمل
08:36
Despite popular belief,
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بالرغم من الاعتقاد السائد
08:37
they're not all disgruntled employees
that have a beef with the company.
that have a beef with the company.
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ليسوا جميعا موظفين ساخطين ومتذمرين
08:42
Their hopefulness really is
what drives them to come forward.
what drives them to come forward.
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بل الأمل الذي يمنحوه يبقيهم مستمرين قدماً
08:46
We also have to cultivate commitment.
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وعلينا الحث على الإلتزام
08:48
Whistle-blowers are committed.
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فالوشاة ملتزمون نوعا ما
08:50
And it's that passion
to their organization
to their organization
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والسبب هو شغفهم بالعمل الذي ينتمون إليه
08:53
that makes them want to come forward.
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والذي يطلب منهم التقدم للأمام
08:55
Whistle-blowers are humble.
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إنهم من الصنف المتواضع
08:57
Again, they're not seeking fame,
but they are seeking fairness.
but they are seeking fairness.
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ولا يطلبون الشهرة بل يسعون خلف العدالة
09:01
And we need to continue
to cultivate bravery.
to cultivate bravery.
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وعلينا الاستمرار لتشجيع الشجاعة
09:04
Whistle-blowers are brave.
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لأنهم شجعان
09:05
Often, they underestimated
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وغالباً ما يُقلل من تقديرهم
09:09
the impact whistle-blowing
had on their family,
had on their family,
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والأثر الذي يتركونه على عائلاتهم
09:12
but what they continue to comment on
is how hard it is to withhold the truth.
is how hard it is to withhold the truth.
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لكنهم ماضون بالتزامهم لأن حمل الحقيقة صعب
09:17
With that, I want to leave you
with one additional name:
with one additional name:
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ومع هذا أرغب أن أترككم مع اسم إضافي آخر
09:20
Peter Buxtun.
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بيتر باكستون
09:23
Peter Buxtun was a 27-year-old
employee for the US Public Health Service.
employee for the US Public Health Service.
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عمره 27 عام موظف لخدمات الصحة العامة
09:29
And he was hired to interview people
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الأميركية وعمله لقاء الناس
09:33
that had sexually transmitted diseases.
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الذين ينقلون الأمراض الجنسية
09:35
And through the course of his work,
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وفي سياق عمله
09:37
he noticed a clinical study
that was going on within the organization.
that was going on within the organization.
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لاحظ دراسة سريرية تحدث في إحدى المنظمات
09:41
And it was a study that was looking
at the progression of untreated syphilis.
at the progression of untreated syphilis.
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وكانت الدراسة تتطلع للتقدم
بعلاج مرض الزهري
بعلاج مرض الزهري
09:45
And so, there were
600 African American males
600 African American males
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وكان 600 رجل أفريقي أمريكي
09:48
that were in this study.
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من ضمن هذه الدراسة
09:49
They were enticed into the study
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وقد غُرر بهم في هذه الدراسة
09:51
through being given
free medical exams, burial insurance.
free medical exams, burial insurance.
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بإعطائهم فحص طبي مجاني ودفن لائق
09:55
And so, what happened
through the course of this study,
through the course of this study,
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وما حدث في سياق هذه الدراسة
09:59
is penicillin was discovered
to help treat syphilis.
to help treat syphilis.
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أنه تم اكتشاف البنسلين لمعالجة مرض الزهري
10:04
And what Peter noticed was,
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1936
وما لاحظه بيتر
10:06
the participants in this study
were not given the penicillin
were not given the penicillin
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أن المشاركين في الدراسة لم يُعطوا البنسلين
10:10
to treat their syphilis.
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لمعالجة مرض الزهري
10:11
And the participants didn't know.
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ولم يعرف المشاركون حتى بهذا الموضوع
10:13
So similar to Mary, Peter tried to report
and talk to his internal supervisors,
and talk to his internal supervisors,
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لذا بلّغ بيتركماري وتحدث مع المشرفين
10:18
but no one listened.
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الداخليين لكنهم لم يستمعوا له
10:20
And so Peter thought
this was completely unfair
this was completely unfair
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وفكر بيتر بمدى الظلم في هذا الأمر
10:22
and he tried to report again,
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وحاول التبليغ ثانية
10:24
and finally talked to a reporter --
very similar to Mary.
very similar to Mary.
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وأخيرا تحدث مع صحافي مثل ما حدث مع ماري
10:28
And in 1972, this was the front page
of the "New York Times":
of the "New York Times":
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وفي عام 1972 كان على غلاف نيويورك تايمز
10:32
"Syphilis Victims in US Study
Went Untreated for 40 Years."
Went Untreated for 40 Years."
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لم يُعالج ضحايا مرض الزهري
بدراسة لمدة 40 عام
بدراسة لمدة 40 عام
10:37
This is known to us today
as the Tuskegee syphilis experiment.
as the Tuskegee syphilis experiment.
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ومعروف لدينا بتجربة تاسكيجي مرض الزهري
10:42
And Peter was the whistle-blower.
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وكان بيتر من الوشاة
10:44
What happened to the 600 men,
you may wonder, the 600 original men?
you may wonder, the 600 original men?
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ماذا حدث لـ 600 شخص في الدراسة لو سألتم؟
10:48
Twenty eight men died from syphilis.
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مات 28 رجلاً بسبب مرض الزهري
10:51
One hundred died
from syphilis complications,
from syphilis complications,
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ومات 100 من مضاعفات المرض
10:54
forty wives were infected
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وانتقلت العدوى لـ 40 زوجة
10:56
and 10 children were born
with congenital syphilis.
with congenital syphilis.
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وولد 10 أطفال حاملين طبيعيين للمرض
10:59
Who's to say what these numbers would be
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لكن من كان سيتحدث عن هذه الأرقام؟
11:01
if it wasn't for the brave,
courageous act of Peter?
courageous act of Peter?
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لولا شجاعة بيتر والعمل الذي قام به؟
11:05
We're all connected to Peter, actually.
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ونحن مرتبطون به جميعا ،حقيقة
11:08
If you know anybody
that's in a clinical trial,
that's in a clinical trial,
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إن علمتم عن أي أحد في دراسة سريرية تجريبية
11:10
the reason why we have
informed consent today
informed consent today
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والسبب وراء وجود موافقة واعية اليوم
11:14
is because of Peter's courageous act.
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تعود لشجاعة العمل الذي قام به بيتر
11:17
So let me ask you a question.
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لذا دعوني أسألكم
11:18
That original question,
a variation of the original question.
a variation of the original question.
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سؤالاً أساسياً مختلفاً عن السؤال الأصلي
11:21
How many of us have ever used the term
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كم منا استخدم هذا المصطلح
11:24
snitch, rat
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واش، مريب
11:27
tattletale,
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نمّام
11:29
snake,
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مخادع
11:31
weasel,
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خبيث
11:32
leak?
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1200
مخبر
11:34
Anybody?
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هل من أحد؟
11:39
Before you get the urge to do that again,
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قبل أن تحدوكم الرغبة بقول ذلك مرة أخرى؟
11:42
I want you to think a little bit.
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أريد منكم التفكير قليلاً
11:44
It might be the Mary,
the Peter, the Kathes of the world.
the Peter, the Kathes of the world.
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لأنه قد يكون هذا الشخص ماري
أو بيتر أو كاثي
أو بيتر أو كاثي
11:49
You might be the person
that could shape history,
that could shape history,
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قد تكون أنت من يغير خارطة التاريخ
11:52
or they could be the person
that shapes yours.
that shapes yours.
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أوهم الذين يقومون بتشكيل تاريخك أنت
11:55
Thank you.
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شكراً
11:56
(Applause)
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(تصفيق)
Translated by sawsan azzam
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Kelly Richmond Pope - Fraud researcher, documentary filmmakerKelly Richmond Pope researches organizational misconduct, ethics and fraud.
Why you should listen
Kelly Richmond Pope is an Associate Professor in the School of Accountancy and MIS at DePaul University where her research focuses on how organizations design cultures and compliance systems to confront the challenges of organizational misconduct, ethics and fraud. She also teaches in executive education programs at the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University and the Quilan School of Business at Loyola University.
Pope's research on organizational misconduct culminated into directing and producing the award-winning documentary, All the Queen's Horses in 2017. Renowned Chicago Sun-Times film critic Richard Roeper cites "kudos to director Kelly Richmond Pope for applying just the right mix of 'What the heck?' whimsy and respectful, serious reporting to this incredible tale." All the Queen's Horses explores the largest municipal fraud in United States history and premiered as the #1 documentary on iTunes, Amazon Prime Video, Google Play and Direct TV during its debut week on the video on demand platforms in April 2018.
At the organizational level, Pope examines factors that encourage employees to whistle-blow as well as the ethical decision-making process. This research has been published in leading accounting and business ethics journals and resulted in being selected to develop a TED-Ed lesson entitled "How people rationalize fraud."
Pope is a popular keynote speaker and frequently advises firms about their compliance programs and training. She is regularly invited to speak to regulators, including the Department of Justice, Securities and Exchange Commission, PCAOB, Internal Revenue Service-Criminal Investigations and the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
Prior to joining the faculty at DePaul University, Pope worked in the forensic accounting practice at KPMG. She received her doctorate in accounting from Virginia Tech and is a licensed certified public accountant.
Kelly Richmond Pope | Speaker | TED.com