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Ani Liu: Smelfies, and other experiments in synthetic biology
Ani Liu: "Smelfiji" i drugi eksperimenti iz sintetičke biologije
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Što kada biste mogli napraviti selfi mirisa, "smelfi"? Što kada biste imali ruž za usne od koga bi biljke rasle tamo gdje poljubite? Ani Lu istražuje presjek tehnologije i percepcije osjetila; njen rad negdje je između znanosti, dizajna i umjetnosti. U ovom kratkom, domišljatom govoru, ona dijeli snove, nedoumice i eksperimente, pitajući se: što se događa kada znanstvena fantastika postane znanstvena činjenica?
Ani Liu - Designer, artist
Ani Liu explores the intersection between technology and sensory perception. Full bio
Ani Liu explores the intersection between technology and sensory perception. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
What if our plants
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Što kada bi naše biljke
00:14
could sense the toxicity
levels in the soil
levels in the soil
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mogle osjetiti razinu toksina u zemlji
00:17
and express that toxicity
through the color of its leaves?
through the color of its leaves?
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i izraziti tu razinu kroz boju svog lišća?
00:21
What if those plants could also
remove those toxins from the soil?
remove those toxins from the soil?
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Što kada bi te biljke mogle
i ukloniti te toksine iz tla?
i ukloniti te toksine iz tla?
00:26
Instead, what if those plants
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Ili, što kada bi one mogle
00:28
grew their own packaging,
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proizvesti svoju ambalažu,
00:30
or were designed to only be harvested
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ili da se uzgoje tako da se beru
00:33
by their owners' own patented machines?
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samo patentiranim strojevima
svojih vlasnika?
svojih vlasnika?
00:35
What happens when biological design
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Što se dogodi kada biološki dizajn
00:37
is driven by the motivations
of mass-produced commodities?
of mass-produced commodities?
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pokreće motivacija masovno
proizvedenih dobara?
proizvedenih dobara?
00:40
What kind of world would that be?
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Kakav bi to bio svijet?
00:43
My name is Ani, and I'm a designer
and researcher at MIT Media Lab,
and researcher at MIT Media Lab,
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Zovem se Ani, dizajnerica sam
i istraživačica u laboratoriju MIT-a,
i istraživačica u laboratoriju MIT-a,
00:47
where I'm part of a relatively new
and unique group called Design Fiction,
and unique group called Design Fiction,
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gdje sam dio relativno nove i
jedinstvene grupe, imenom Fikcija dizajna,
jedinstvene grupe, imenom Fikcija dizajna,
00:51
where we're wedged somewhere
between science fiction and science fact.
between science fiction and science fact.
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bavimo se nečim što je između znanstvene
fantastike i znanstvene činjenice.
fantastike i znanstvene činjenice.
00:55
And at MIT, I am lucky enough
to rub shoulders with scientists
to rub shoulders with scientists
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Na MIT-u imam dovoljno sreće
da radim sa znanstvenicima
da radim sa znanstvenicima
00:59
studying all kinds of cutting edge fields
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koji proučavaju razna najnovija područja,
01:01
like synthetic neurobiology,
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poput sintetičke neurobiologije,
01:04
artificial intelligence, artificial life
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umjetne inteligencije i života
01:06
and everything in between.
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te svega ostalog između.
01:07
And across campus,
there's truly brilliant scientists
there's truly brilliant scientists
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Širom kampusa ima
zaista sjajnih znanstvenika,
zaista sjajnih znanstvenika,
01:11
asking questions like,
"How can I make the world a better place?"
"How can I make the world a better place?"
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koji postavljaju pitanja poput,
"Kako ja ovaj svijet mogu učiniti boljim?"
"Kako ja ovaj svijet mogu učiniti boljim?"
01:15
And part of what my group
likes to ask is, "What is better?"
likes to ask is, "What is better?"
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A dio onoga što moja grupa
voli pitati je: "Što je bolje?"
voli pitati je: "Što je bolje?"
01:18
What is better for you, for me,
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Što je bolje za vas, za mene,
01:20
for a white woman, a gay man,
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za bjelkinju, gay muškarca,
01:22
a veteran, a child with a prosthetic?
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za veterana, dijete s protezom?
01:25
Technology is never neutral.
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Tehnologija nikada nije neutralna.
01:27
It frames a reality
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Ona oblikuje stvarnost
01:28
and reflects a context.
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i odražava kontekst.
01:30
Can you imagine what it would say
about the work-life balance at your office
about the work-life balance at your office
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Možete li zamisliti što bi rekla
o balansu života i rada na vašem poslu
o balansu života i rada na vašem poslu
01:34
if these were standard issue
on the first day?
on the first day?
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ako bi se ovo pojavilo prvog dana?
01:36
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
01:37
I believe it's the role
of artists and designers
of artists and designers
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Vjerujem da je uloga umjetnika i inženjera
01:40
to raise critical questions.
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da postavljaju ključna pitanja.
01:42
Art is how you can see
and feel the future,
and feel the future,
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Umjetnost je ono kako vidite
i osjećate budućnost,
i osjećate budućnost,
01:44
and today is an exciting
time to be a designer,
time to be a designer,
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a danas je uzbudljivo biti dizajner,
01:47
for all the new tools becoming accessible.
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zbog svih novih dostupnih alata.
01:49
For instance, synthetic biology
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Na primjer, sintetička biologija
01:51
seeks to write biology
as a design problem.
as a design problem.
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pokušava predstaviti biologiju
kao problem dizajna.
kao problem dizajna.
01:54
And through these developments,
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Kroz ove razvoje,
01:55
my lab asks, what are the roles
and responsibilities
and responsibilities
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u mojem laboratoriju se pitamo
koje su uloge i odgovornosti
koje su uloge i odgovornosti
01:58
of an artist, designer,
scientist or businessman?
scientist or businessman?
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umjetnika, dizajnera,
znanstvenika ili poslovnog čovjeka?
znanstvenika ili poslovnog čovjeka?
02:02
What are the implications
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Koje su implikacije
02:04
of synthetic biology, genetic engineering,
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sintetičke biologije,
genetskog inženjeringa
genetskog inženjeringa
02:07
and how are they shaping our notions
of what it means to be a human?
of what it means to be a human?
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i kako oni oblikuju naš pojam
toga što znači biti čovjek?
toga što znači biti čovjek?
02:11
What are the implications of this
on society, on evolution
on society, on evolution
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Koje su implikacije ovoga
na društvo, na evoluciju
na društvo, na evoluciju
02:15
and what are the stakes in this game?
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i koji su sve ulozi u igri?
02:17
My own speculative design research
at the current moment
at the current moment
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Moje vlastito spekulativno
istraživanje o dizajnu trenutno
istraživanje o dizajnu trenutno
02:21
plays with synthetic biology,
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tiče se sintetičke biologije,
02:22
but for more emotionally driven output.
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ali za rezultate
koji su više vođeni emocijama.
koji su više vođeni emocijama.
02:25
I'm obsessed with olfaction
as a design space,
as a design space,
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Opsjednuta sam mirisom
kao prostorom za dizajn
kao prostorom za dizajn
02:28
and this project started with this idea
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i ovaj proces je započeo idejom,
02:31
of what if you could take
a smell selfie, a smelfie?
a smell selfie, a smelfie?
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što kada biste mogli napraviti
selfi mirisa, smelfi?
selfi mirisa, smelfi?
02:34
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
02:36
What if you could take
your own natural body odor
your own natural body odor
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Što kada biste mogli snimiti
miris vlastitog tijela
miris vlastitog tijela
02:39
and send it to a lover?
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i poslati ga svom partneru?
02:41
Funny enough, I found that this
was a 19th century Austrian tradition,
was a 19th century Austrian tradition,
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Zanimljivo, otkrila sam da je ovo
bila tradicija u Austriji u 19. stoljeću,
bila tradicija u Austriji u 19. stoljeću,
02:45
where couples in courtship
would keep a slice of apple
would keep a slice of apple
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kada su parovi kao dio udvaranja
držali komadić jabuke
držali komadić jabuke
02:47
crammed under their armpit during dances,
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ispod pazuha tijekom plesa,
02:50
and at the end of the evening,
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a na kraju večeri,
02:51
the girl would give the guy
she most fancied her used fruit,
she most fancied her used fruit,
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djevojka bi dala taj komadić mladiću
koji joj se najviše svidio
koji joj se najviše svidio
02:55
and if the feeling was mutual,
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i ako je osjećaj bio obostran,
02:57
he would wolf down that stinky apple.
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on bi pojeo tu smrdjivu jabuku.
02:59
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
03:03
Famously, Napoleon wrote
many love letters to Josephine,
many love letters to Josephine,
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Poznato je da je Napoleon napisao
Jozefini mnogo ljubavnih pisama,
Jozefini mnogo ljubavnih pisama,
03:07
but perhaps amongst the most memorable
is this brief and urgent note:
is this brief and urgent note:
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no, možda je najpoznatija
ona njegova kratka i hitna poruka:
ona njegova kratka i hitna poruka:
03:11
"Home in three days. Don't bathe."
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"Doma za tri dana. Ne kupaj se."
03:13
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
03:15
Both Napoleon and Josephine
adored violets.
adored violets.
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I Napoleon i Jozefina
obožavali su ljubice.
obožavali su ljubice.
03:19
Josephine wore violet-scented perfume,
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Jozefina je nosila parfem od ljubica,
03:21
carried violets on their wedding day,
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nosila je ljubice i na dan vjenčanja,
a Napoleon joj je slao buket ljubica
03:23
and Napoleon sent her a bouquet of violets
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svake godine na njihovu godišnjicu.
03:25
every year on their anniversary.
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03:26
When Josephine passed away,
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Kada je Jozefina preminula,
posadio je ljubice na njenom grobu
03:28
he planted violets at her grave,
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03:30
and just before his exile,
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i neposredno prije nego što je izgnan,
03:31
he went back to that tomb site,
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vratio se do njezinog groba,
03:34
picked some of those flowers,
entombed them in a locket
entombed them in a locket
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ubrao nešto tog cvijeća,
spremio ga u medaljon
spremio ga u medaljon
03:36
and wore them until the day he died.
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i nosio sa sobom do svoje smrti.
03:38
And I found this so moving,
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Ovo me je tako dirnulo,
03:40
I thought, could I engineer that violet
to smell just like Josephine?
to smell just like Josephine?
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pomislila sam, mogu li stvoriti ljubicu
koja bi mirisala kao Jozefina?
koja bi mirisala kao Jozefina?
03:44
What if, for the rest of eternity,
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Što kada bi, do kraja vječnosti,
03:45
when you went to visit her site,
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uvijek kada odete na njen grob,
03:47
you could smell Josephine
just as Napoleon loved her?
just as Napoleon loved her?
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mogli pomirisati Jozefinu,
onakvu kakvu je Napoelon volio?
onakvu kakvu je Napoelon volio?
03:50
Could we engineer new ways of mourning,
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Bismo li mogli osmisliti
nove načine žalovanja,
nove načine žalovanja,
03:53
new rituals for remembering?
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nove rituale prisjećanja?
03:55
After all, we've engineered
transgenic crops
transgenic crops
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Već smo napravili i transgenične usjeve,
03:57
to be maximized for profit,
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zbog veće zarade,
04:00
crops that stand up to transport,
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usjeve koji podnose transport,
04:02
crops that have a long shelf life,
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usjeve koji imaju dug životni vijek,
usjeve koji su slatkog ukusa,
ali odolijevaju štetočinama,
ali odolijevaju štetočinama,
04:04
crops that taste sugary sweet
but resist pests,
but resist pests,
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04:06
sometimes at the expense
of nutritional value.
of nutritional value.
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ponekad nauštrb hranjive vrijednosti.
04:10
Can we harness these same technologies
for an emotionally sensitive output?
for an emotionally sensitive output?
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Možemo li iskoristiti iste tehnologije
za emotivno osjetljive rezultate?
za emotivno osjetljive rezultate?
Trenutno u mojem laboratoriju
04:14
So currently in my lab,
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04:16
I'm researching questions like,
what makes a human smell like a human?
what makes a human smell like a human?
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istražujem pitanja poput,
zašto čovjek miriše kao čovjek?
zašto čovjek miriše kao čovjek?
04:19
And it turns out it's fairly complicated.
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Ispostavlja se da je to prilično složeno.
04:21
Factors such as your diet,
your medications, your lifestyle
your medications, your lifestyle
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Čimbenici poput ishrane,
lijekova, stila života,
lijekova, stila života,
04:25
all factor into the way you smell.
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sve utječe na to kako mirišete.
04:27
And I found that our sweat
is mostly odorless,
is mostly odorless,
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Otkrila sam da je znoj obično bez mirisa,
04:29
but it's our bacteria and microbiome
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ali naše bakterije i mikrobiomi
04:31
that's responsible for your smells,
your mood, your identity
your mood, your identity
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odgovorni su za vaš miris,
raspoloženje, identitet
raspoloženje, identitet
04:35
and so much beyond.
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i još mnogo toga.
04:37
And there's all kinds
of molecules that you emit
of molecules that you emit
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Postoje razne molekule koje ispuštate,
04:39
but which we only perceive subconsciously.
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a koje primjećujemo samo podsvjesno.
04:43
So I've been cataloging and collecting
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Stoga sam bilježila i sakupljala
04:45
bacteria from different sites of my body.
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bakterije s raznih mjesta na svom tijelu.
04:47
After talking to a scientist, we thought,
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Nakon razgovora sa znanstvenikom,
pomislili smo, možda bi
savršena kombinacija Ani
savršena kombinacija Ani
04:49
maybe the perfect concoction of Ani
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04:51
is like 10 percent collarbone,
30 percent underarm,
30 percent underarm,
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bila 10% ključne kosti, 30% pazuha,
04:55
40 percent bikini line and so forth,
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40% bikini zone i tako dalje,
04:57
and occasionally
I let researchers from other labs
I let researchers from other labs
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i ponekad bih dala istraživačima
iz drugih laboratorija
iz drugih laboratorija
05:00
take a sniff of my samples.
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pomirisati moje uzorke.
05:02
And it's been interesting to hear
how smell of the body
how smell of the body
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Zanimljivo je čuti kako miris tijela
05:05
is perceived outside
of the context of the body.
of the context of the body.
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ljudi osjete izvan konteksta tijela.
05:08
I've gotten feedback such as,
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Dobila sam odgovore poput:
05:10
smells like flowers, like chicken,
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miriše poput cvijeća, poput piletine,
poput kukuruznih pahuljica,
05:12
like cornflakes,
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05:13
like beef carnitas.
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poput goveđeg mesa.
05:15
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
05:17
At the same time, I cultivate
a set of carnivorous plants
a set of carnivorous plants
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U isto vrijeme, uzgajam biljke mesožderke,
05:20
for their ability to emit
fleshlike odors to attract prey,
fleshlike odors to attract prey,
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zbog njihove sposobnosti ispuštanja
mirisa sličnih mesu, da privuku plijen,
mirisa sličnih mesu, da privuku plijen,
05:24
in an attempt to kind of create
this symbiotic relationship
this symbiotic relationship
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kako bih pokušala stvoriti
simbiotsku vezu
simbiotsku vezu
05:27
between my bacteria and this organism.
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između mojih bakterija i ovog organizma.
05:31
And as it so happens,
I'm at MIT and I'm in a bar,
I'm at MIT and I'm in a bar,
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I kako to obično ide,
na MIT-u sam, sjedim u baru,
na MIT-u sam, sjedim u baru,
05:34
and I was talking to a scientist
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pričam sa znanstvenikom
05:36
who happens to be a chemist
and a plant scientist,
and a plant scientist,
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i ustanovi se da je on kemičar i botaničar
05:38
and I was telling him about my project,
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i pričam mu o svom projektu,
a on kaže na to: "Pa to zvuči
kao botanika za usamljene žene."
kao botanika za usamljene žene."
05:40
and he was like, "Well, this sounds
like botany for lonely women."
like botany for lonely women."
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05:44
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
05:47
Unperturbed, I said, "OK."
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A ja samo kažem: "U redu."
05:49
I challenged him.
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Izazvala sam ga.
"Možemo li uzgojiti biljku
koja će mi uzvratiti ljubav?"
koja će mi uzvratiti ljubav?"
05:51
"Can we engineer a plant
that can love me back?"
that can love me back?"
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05:54
And for some reason,
he was like, "Sure, why not?"
he was like, "Sure, why not?"
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Iz nekog razloga rekao je:
"Naravno, zašto ne?"
"Naravno, zašto ne?"
I krenuli smo s tim, možemo li
natjerati biljku da raste prema meni
natjerati biljku da raste prema meni
05:58
So we started with,
can we get a plant to grow towards me
can we get a plant to grow towards me
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06:00
like I was the sun?
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kao da sam ja sunce?
06:02
And so we're looking at mechanisms
in plants such as phototropism,
in plants such as phototropism,
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I tako proučavamo mehanizme
kod biljaka, poput fototropizma,
kod biljaka, poput fototropizma,
06:06
which causes the plant
to grow towards the sun
to grow towards the sun
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koji uzrokuje da biljke rastu prema suncu,
06:08
by producing hormones like auxin,
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proizvodeći hormone poput auksina,
06:10
which causes cell elongation
on the shady side.
on the shady side.
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koji dovodi do produživanja stanica
na strani hladovine.
na strani hladovine.
06:13
And right now I'm creating
a set of lipsticks
a set of lipsticks
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Trenutno radim na liniji ruževa za usne,
06:15
that are infused with these chemicals
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u koje smo unijeli te tvari,
06:17
that allow me to interact with a plant
on its own chemical signatures --
on its own chemical signatures --
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a koje mi daju mogućnost komuniciranja
s biljkom kroz njene kemijske signale,
s biljkom kroz njene kemijske signale,
06:20
lipsticks that cause plants
to grow where I kiss it,
to grow where I kiss it,
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ruž za usne od kojih biljke rastu
tamo gdje ih poljubim,
tamo gdje ih poljubim,
06:24
plants that blossom
where I kiss the bloom.
where I kiss the bloom.
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biljke koje procvjetaju
tamo gde poljubim cvijet.
tamo gde poljubim cvijet.
06:27
And through these projects,
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Kroz ove projekte,
06:29
I'm asking questions like,
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postavljam pitanja poput,
06:31
how do we define nature?
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kako definirati prirodu?
06:33
How do we define nature
when we can reengineer its properties,
when we can reengineer its properties,
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Kako definirati prirodu
kada joj promjenimo svojstva,
kada joj promjenimo svojstva,
06:36
and when should we do it?
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i kada to trebamo učiniti?
06:38
Should we do it for profit, for utility?
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Radimo li to zbog zarade
ili praktične koristi?
ili praktične koristi?
06:41
Can we do it for emotional ends?
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Zbog emocionalne koristi?
Može li se biotehnologija koristiti
za stvaranje djela dirljivih poput glazbe?
za stvaranje djela dirljivih poput glazbe?
06:43
Can biotechnology be used
to create work as moving as music?
to create work as moving as music?
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06:47
What are the thresholds between science
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Koje su granice između znanosti
06:49
and its ability to shape
our emotional landscape?
our emotional landscape?
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i njene mogućnosti da oblikuje
naš emocionalni prikaz?
naš emocionalni prikaz?
06:52
It's a famous design mantra
that form follows function.
that form follows function.
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Čuvena je mantra dizajna
da oblik prati funkciju.
da oblik prati funkciju.
06:56
Well, now, wedged somewhere
between science, design and art
between science, design and art
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Sada, zastajući negdje između
znanosti, dizajna i umjetnosti,
znanosti, dizajna i umjetnosti,
07:00
I get to ask,
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moram pitati,
što ako fikcija oblikuje činjenicu?
07:01
what if fiction informs fact?
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07:03
What kind of R&D lab would that look like
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Kakav bi to bio istraživački laboratorij
07:05
and what kind of questions
would we ask together?
would we ask together?
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i kakva bismo pitanja zajedno postavljali?
07:07
We often look to technology as the answer,
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Često u tehnologiji tražimo odgovor,
07:10
but as an artist and designer,
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ali kao umjetnica i dizajnerica,
07:11
I like to ask, but what is the question?
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volim pitati, što je, zapravo, pitanje?
07:14
Thank you.
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Hvala.
07:15
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ani Liu - Designer, artistAni Liu explores the intersection between technology and sensory perception.
Why you should listen
Ani Liu is a transdisciplinary artist working at the intersection of art and science. Currently at MIT Media Lab, she creates research-based art that explores the social, cultural and ethical implications of emerging technologies. In the search to link scientific innovation with emotional tangibility, her work has spanned the scales of architectural installations, wearable prosthetics, augmented reality and synthetic biology.
Liu's work has been presented at the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, Asian Art Museum, MIT Museum, MIT Media Lab, Wiesner Gallery, Harvard University, Open Gallery, Powerhouse Alliance Conference, Buildings as Cities Inaugural Conference and TEDxBeaconStreet. Her work has been featured in several publications, including See Yourself X: Human Futures Expanded and Solid: Design Techniques.
In 2014-15, she led the research program in Sensory Mediation at the Harvard Center for Green Buildings and Cities, which explores how information visualization, augmented reality and other emerging technologies can be harnessed to extend the human sensorium to redefine spatial experience.
She taught as an Associate Instructor at the Harvard Graduate School of Design, where she co-taught an advanced-level architectural studio called Architecture of Cultural Prosthetics: Tools for Communication and Expression in the Public Space with Krzysztof Wodiczko.
Liu has a BA from Dartmouth College and received a Masters of Architecture degree from the Harvard Graduate School of Design, earning a distinction for her thesis in wearable technologies, responsive environments and cultural prosthetics. She continually seeks to discover the unexpected, through playful experimentation, intuition and speculative storytelling.
Ani Liu | Speaker | TED.com