TED2007
Murray Gell-Mann: The ancestor of language
Murray Gell-Mann membahas nenek moyang bahasa
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Setelah membicarakan keelokan fisika di TED2007, Murray Gell-Mann yang mengagumkan membahas ringkasan cepat bidang yang dia sangat minati: menemukan nenek moyang dari semua bahasa modern.
Murray Gell-Mann - Physicist
Murray Gell-Mann brings visibility to a crucial aspect of our existence that we can't actually see: elemental particles. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics for introducing quarks, one of two fundamental ingredients for all matter in the universe. Full bio
Murray Gell-Mann brings visibility to a crucial aspect of our existence that we can't actually see: elemental particles. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics for introducing quarks, one of two fundamental ingredients for all matter in the universe. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Well, I'm involved in other things, besides physics.
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Jadi, saya terlibat beberapa hal selain fisika.
00:17
In fact, mostly now in other things.
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Pada dasarnya, sekarang lebih ke hal-hal lain.
00:19
One thing is distant relationships among human languages.
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Salah satunya adalah hubungan jauh antara semua bahasa manusia.
00:24
And the professional, historical linguists in the U.S.
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Dan ahli sejarah bahasa professional di Amerika Serikat,
00:28
and in Western Europe mostly try to stay away
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dan yang di Eropa Barat kebanyakan mencoba menjauh
00:31
from any long-distance relationships, big groupings,
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dari hubungan jarak jauh; grup besar,
00:35
groupings that go back a long time,
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grup yang terbentuk dari waktu lampau yang lama sekali,
00:38
longer than the familiar families.
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jauh lebih lama dari famili yang kita kenal.
00:41
They don't like that. They think it's crank. I don't think it's crank.
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Mereka tidak suka itu; mereka menganggap itu aneh. Saya tidak kira itu hal aneh.
00:45
And there are some brilliant linguists, mostly Russians,
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Dan ada beberapa ahli bahasa cemerlang, kebanyakan dari Rusia,
00:48
who are working on that, at Santa Fe Institute and in Moscow,
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yang sekarang bekerja mengenai teori itu di Santa Fe Institute dan di Moskow,
00:52
and I would love to see where that leads.
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and saya ingin sekali melihat ke mana arahnya.
00:56
Does it really lead to a single ancestor
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Apakah itu semua akan menunjuk ke satu nenek moyang
00:59
some 20, 25,000 years ago?
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dari 20, 25.000 tahun yang lalu?
01:02
And what if we go back beyond that single ancestor,
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Dan apa yang terjadi jika kita kembali ke satu nenek moyang itu,
01:05
when there was presumably a competition among many languages?
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pada saat di mana mungkin terdapat kompetisi antara banyak bahasa?
01:09
How far back does that go? How far back does modern language go?
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Berapa lamakah hal itu terjadi? Berapa lamakah bahasa-bahasa modern berasal?
01:13
How many tens of thousands of years does it go back?
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Dari berapa puluh ribu tahun yang lalukah bahasa itu berasal?
01:16
Chris Anderson: Do you have a hunch or a hope for what the answer to that is?
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Chris Anderson: Apakah anda mempunyai dugaan atau harapan apakah jawabannya?
01:19
Murray Gell-Mann: Well, I would guess that modern language must be older
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Murray Gell-Mann: Menurut saya bahasa modern harus lebih tua
01:22
than the cave paintings and cave engravings and cave sculptures
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dari gambar-gambar gua dan ukiran gua dan pahatan gua
01:26
and dance steps in the soft clay in the caves in Western Europe,
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dan langkah-langkah dansa dari tanah liat lembek di Eropa Barat
01:31
in the Aurignacian Period some 35,000 years ago, or earlier.
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di periode Aurignacian yang terjadi sekitar 35,000 tahun yang lalu, atau lebih awal lagi.
01:37
I can't believe they did all those things and didn't also have a modern language.
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Saya tidak dapat percaya mereka dulu melakukan semua hal itu dan tidak memiliki bahasa modern.
01:40
So, I would guess that the actual origin goes back at least that far and maybe further.
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Jadi saya duga asal sebenarnya setua itu dan bahkan mungkin lebih tua.
01:45
But that doesn't mean that all, or many, or most
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Tapi itu tidak berarti semua, atau kebanyakan,
01:48
of today's attested languages couldn't descend perhaps
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dari bahasa yang terdapat sekarang mustahil turun mungkin
01:52
from one that's much younger than that, like say 20,000 years,
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dari yang jauh lebih muda dari itu, seperti kurang lebih 20.000 tahun,
01:56
or something of that kind. It's what we call a bottleneck.
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atau sesuatu yang seperti itu. Itu yang kita namakan leher botol.
02:00
CA: Well, Philip Anderson may have been right.
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CA: Jadi, Philip Anderson mungkin saja selama ini benar.
02:01
You may just know more about everything than anyone.
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Anda mungkin tahu segala sesuatu lebih dari siapa pun.
02:04
So, it's been an honor. Thank you Murray Gell-Mann.
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Jadi ini benar-benar kehormatan. Terima kasih Murray Gell-Mann.
02:06
(Applause)
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(Tepuk tangan)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Murray Gell-Mann - PhysicistMurray Gell-Mann brings visibility to a crucial aspect of our existence that we can't actually see: elemental particles. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics for introducing quarks, one of two fundamental ingredients for all matter in the universe.
Why you should listen
He's been called "the man with five brains" -- and Murray Gell-Mann has the resume to prove it. In addition to being a Nobel laureate, he is an accomplished physicist who's earned numerous awards, medals and honorary degrees for his work with subatomic particles, including the groundbreaking theory that the nucleus of an atom comprises 100 or so fundamental building blocks called quarks.
Gell-Mann's influence extends well beyond his field: He's a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the Council on Foreign Relations. He also serves on the board of the Wildlife Conservation Society and is a director of Encyclopedia Britannica. Gell-Mann, a professor emeritus of Caltech, now heads the evolution of human languages program at the Santa Fe Institute, which he cofounded in 1984.
A prolific writer -- he's penned scores of academic papers and several books, including The Quark and the Jaguar -- Gell-Mann is also the subject of the popular science biography Strange Beauty: Murray Gell-Mann and the Revolution in 20th-Century Physics.
Murray Gell-Mann | Speaker | TED.com