ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Paula Johnson - Women's-health expert
Dr. Paula Johnson is a pioneer in looking at health from a woman's perspective.

Why you should listen

Ever think you were having a heart attack? It turns out that many of the well-known early symptoms, such as chest pain and pressure from left arm to jaw, are more typically experienced by men. Women are more likely to experience shortness of breath, unusual perspiration and abdominal discomfort. Dr. Paula Johnson was one of the first to ask big questions about women's experience of cardiac care -- and their access to care that meets their needs.

Johnson and her team at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston focus on mentoring, measuring and bringing together expertise from practicing clinicians and academics to improve women's health. She says: "One of our core responsibilities will be to address critical questions ... such as, 'How do sex and gender impact health and health outcomes?' and 'How can health disparities among different groups of women be eliminated?'"

More profile about the speaker
Paula Johnson | Speaker | TED.com
TEDWomen 2013

Paula Johnson: His and hers ... health care

Paula Johnson: Njegova in njena...zdravstvena oskrba

Filmed:
1,178,652 views

Vsaka celica v človeškem telesu ima spol, kar pomeni, da so moški in ženske drugačni celo na celičnem nivoju. A kljub temu raziskave in medicina to preveč pogosto ignorirajo, tako kot ignorirajo velikokrat presenetljivo različne načine, na katere se spola odzivata na bolezen in zdravljenje. Kot nam inovativna zdravnica Paula Johnson opiše v tem govoru, ki da misliti, metanje vseh v isti koš pomeni, da pravzaprav prepuščamo žensko zdravje naključju. Čas je za ponovni razmislek.
- Women's-health expert
Dr. Paula Johnson is a pioneer in looking at health from a woman's perspective. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
Some of my mostnajbolj wonderfulČudovito memoriesspomini of childhoodotroštvo
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Nekaj mojih najlepših spominov
iz otroštva
00:15
are of spendingporaba time with my grandmotherbabica, MamarMamar,
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me veže na preživljanje časa
z babico, Mamar,
00:18
in our four-familyštiri družine home in BrooklynBrooklyn, NewNove YorkYork.
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v našem domu za štiri družine
v Brooklynu, v New Yorku.
00:22
Her apartmentstanovanje was an oasisoaza.
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Njeno stanovanje je bilo oaza.
00:25
It was a placemesto where I could sneakskrivaj a cupskodelico of coffeekava,
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Tam sem lahko popila skodelico kave,
00:27
whichki was really warmtoplo milkmleko
with just a touchdotaknite se of caffeinekofein.
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ki je bila v resnici toplo mleko
s samo senco kofeina.
00:31
She lovedLjubil sem life.
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Ljubila je življenje.
00:34
And althoughčeprav she workeddelal in a factorytovarne,
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In čeprav je delala v tovarni,
je pridno varčevala in potovala v Evropo.
00:36
she savedshranjeno her penniesDenarna enota and she traveledpotoval to EuropeEvropi.
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00:39
And I rememberZapomni si poringporing over those picturesslike with her
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In spominjam se,
kako sva se zatopili v fotografije
00:43
and then dancingples with her to her favoritenajljubši musicglasba.
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in potem plesali
na njeno najljubšo glasbo.
00:47
And then, when I was eightosem and she was 60,
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In potem, ko sem imela 8 let in ona 60,
se je nekaj spremenilo.
00:52
something changedspremenjeno.
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00:54
She no longerdlje workeddelal or traveledpotoval.
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Ni več delala ali potovala.
00:56
She no longerdlje dancedplesal.
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Ni več plesala. Nisva več pili kave.
00:58
There were no more coffeekava timeskrat.
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01:00
My mothermama missedzamudil work and tookvzel her to doctorszdravniki
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Mama je odšla z dela
in jo peljala k zdravnikom,
01:03
who couldn'tni mogel make a diagnosisdiagnozo.
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ki niso mogli narediti diagnoze.
01:05
And my fatherOče, who workeddelal at night,
would spendporabiti everyvsak afternoonpopoldne with her,
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In moj oče, ki je delal ponoči,
je bil z njo vsako popoldne,
01:10
just to make sure she atejedli.
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da se je prepričal, da je jedla.
01:13
Her carenego becamepostati all-consumingvse porabijo for our familydružina.
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Celotna družina je skrbela zanjo.
01:18
And by the time a diagnosisdiagnozo was madeizdelane,
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In ko so končno postavili diagnozo,
je bila globoko v začaranem krogu.
01:20
she was in a deepgloboko spiralspirala.
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01:22
Now manyveliko of you will recognizeprepoznati her symptomssimptomi.
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Veliko vas bo prepoznalo njene simptome.
01:26
My grandmotherbabica had depressiondepresija.
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Moja babica je bila depresivna.
01:29
A deepgloboko, life-alteringživljenje-spremeniti depressiondepresija,
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Globoka depresija, ki spremeni življenje,
od katere si ni nikoli opomogla.
01:32
from whichki she never recoveredizterjati.
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01:35
And back then, so little
was knownznano about depressiondepresija.
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Takrat je bilo o depresiji malo znanega.
01:39
But even todaydanes, 50 yearslet laterpozneje,
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Ampak celo danes, 50 let kasneje,
se imamo še vedno veliko za naučiti.
01:42
there's still so much more to learnučiti se.
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01:45
TodayDanes, we know that womenženske
are 70 percentodstotkov more likelyverjetno
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Danes vemo, da je za ženske
70 odstotkov večja verjetnost,
01:50
to experienceizkušnje depressiondepresija over theirnjihovi lifetimesživljenjske dobe
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da bodo v svojem življenju izkusile
depresijo, v primerjavi z moškimi.
01:53
comparedprimerjali with menmoški.
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01:56
And even with this highvisoko prevalencerazširjenost,
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In celo pri tej razširjenosti
01:58
womenženske are misdiagnosedmisdiagnosed betweenmed
30 and 50 percentodstotkov of the time.
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je pri ženskah diagnoza napačna
v 30 do 50 odstotkih.
02:05
Now we know that womenženske are more likelyverjetno
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Sedaj vemo, da bodo ženske večkrat
02:08
to experienceizkušnje the symptomssimptomi
of fatigueutrujenost, sleepspanje disturbancemotnje,
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občutile simptome
utrujenosti, motenj spanja,
02:13
painbolečina and anxietyanksioznost comparedprimerjali with menmoški.
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bolečine in anksioznosti
v primerjavi z moškimi.
02:16
And these symptomssimptomi are oftenpogosto overlookedprezrte
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Te simptome pogosto spregledamo
kot simptome depresije.
02:18
as symptomssimptomi of depressiondepresija.
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02:21
And it isn't only depressiondepresija in whichki
these sexseks differencesrazlike occurpojavijo,
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Te razlike med spoloma
se ne pojavijo samo pri depresiji,
02:25
but they occurpojavijo acrossčez so manyveliko diseasesbolezni.
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ampak se pojavijo pri mnogih boleznih.
02:30
So it's my grandmother'sbabica je strugglesbojev
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Napori moje babice so me poslali
na to življenjsko poslanstvo.
02:32
that have really led me on a lifelongvse življenje questiskanje.
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02:35
And todaydanes, I leadsvinec a centercenter in whichki the missionposlanstvo
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Danes vodim center, katerega misija
02:39
is to discoverodkrijte why these sexseks differencesrazlike occurpojavijo
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je odkriti, zakaj se pojavljajo
te razlike med spoloma,
02:42
and to use that knowledgeznanje
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in uporabiti to znanje
za izboljšanje zdravja žensk.
02:44
to improveizboljšati the healthzdravje of womenženske.
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02:47
TodayDanes, we know that everyvsak cellcelica has a sexseks.
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Danes vemo, da ima vsaka celica spol.
02:51
Now, that's a termdolgoročno coinedskoval
by the InstituteInštitut of MedicineMedicine.
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To je izraz, ki smo ga skovali
na Inštitutu Medicine.
02:55
And what it meanssredstva is that
menmoški and womenženske are differentdrugačen
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Pomeni, da se moški in ženske razlikujemo
celo na celičnem in molekularnem nivoju.
02:59
down to the cellularcelično and molecularmolekularno levelsravni.
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03:04
It meanssredstva that we're differentdrugačen
acrossčez all of our organsorganov.
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Pomeni, da se razlikujemo v vseh organih.
V možganih, srcih, pljučih, sklepih.
03:09
From our brainsmožgani to our heartssrca, our lungspljuča, our jointssklepov.
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03:14
Now, it was only 20 yearslet agonazaj
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Pred 20 leti smo imeli
komaj kaj podatkov o zdravju žensk
03:18
that we hardlytežko had any datapodatkov on women'sženske healthzdravje
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03:22
beyondnaprej our reproductivereproduktivno functionsfunkcije.
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razen o našem reproduktivnem delovanju.
03:25
But then in 1993,
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Leta 1993 pa je bil sprejet
NIH Revitalizacijski zakon.
03:28
the NIHNIH RevitalizationRevitalizacija ActZakon was signedpodpisano into lawzakon.
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03:32
And what this lawzakon did was it mandatedpooblaščena
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In ta zakon je zahteval,
03:35
that womenženske and minoritiesmanjšine
be includedvključeni in clinicalklinično trialspreskusi
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da so ženske in manjšine
vključene v klinične študije,
03:39
that were fundedfinancirano by the NationalNacionalni InstitutesUstanove of HealthZdravje.
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ki jih financirajo
Nacionalni inštituti za zdravje.
03:43
And in manyveliko waysnačinov, the lawzakon has workeddelal.
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In na veliko načinov je zakon deloval.
03:46
WomenŽenske are now routinelyrutinsko
includedvključeni in clinicalklinično studiesštudije,
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Ženske sedaj rutinsko vključujejo
v klinične študije
03:50
and we'vesmo learnednaučili that there are majorMajor differencesrazlike
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in naučili smo se,
da obstajajo velike razlike
03:52
in the waysnačinov that womenženske and menmoški
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v načinu, kako ženske in moški
izkusijo bolezen.
03:54
experienceizkušnje diseasebolezen.
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03:57
But remarkablyIzjemno,
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Ampak neverjetno,
03:59
what we have learnednaučili about these
differencesrazlike is oftenpogosto overlookedprezrte.
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kar smo se naučili o teh razlikah,
je pogosto spregledano.
04:04
So, we have to askvprašajte ourselvessami the questionvprašanje:
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Zato se moramo vprašati:
zakaj prepustiti zdravje žensk naključju?
04:08
Why leavedopust women'sženske healthzdravje to chancepriložnost?
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04:12
And we're leavingodhod it to chancepriložnost in two waysnačinov.
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In naključju ga prepuščamo na dva načina.
04:15
The first is that there is so much more to learnučiti se
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Prvi je, da se moramo še toliko naučiti
in da ne vlagamo
04:19
and we're not makingizdelavo the investmentnaložbe
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04:21
in fullyv celoti understandingrazumevanje the extentobseg
of these sexseks differencesrazlike.
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v popolno razumevanje obsega
teh razlik med spoloma.
04:25
And the seconddrugič is that we aren'tne
takingjemanje what we have learnednaučili,
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In drugi je, da ne vzamemo tega,
kar smo se naučili,
04:30
and routinelyrutinsko applyinguporaba it in clinicalklinično carenego.
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da bi rutinsko uporabili v klinični negi.
04:34
We are just not doing enoughdovolj.
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Enostavno tega ne počnemo dovolj.
04:38
So, I'm going to sharedeliti with you threetri examplesprimeri
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Zato bom z vami delila tri primere,
04:40
of where sexseks differencesrazlike have
impactedvplivala the healthzdravje of womenženske,
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kjer so razlike med spoloma
vplivale na zdravje žensk,
04:44
and where we need to do more.
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in kjer moramo storiti še več.
04:46
Let's startZačni with heartsrce diseasebolezen.
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Začnimo z boleznimi srca.
04:48
It's the numberštevilka one killermorilec of womenženske
in the UnitedVelika StatesDržave todaydanes.
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Je ubijalec žensk številka ena v ZDA.
04:54
This is the faceobraz of heartsrce diseasebolezen.
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To je obraz srčnih bolezni.
04:56
LindaLinda is a middle-agedsrednjih let womanženska,
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Linda je ženska srednjih let,
ki so ji namestili stent
04:59
who had a stentstent placedpostavljen in one of the arteriesarterij
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v eno izmed arterij,
ki gredo do srca.
05:01
going to her heartsrce.
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05:03
When she had recurringponavljajoče se symptomssimptomi
she wentšla back to her doctorzdravnik.
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Ker so se ji simptomi ponavljali,
je šla nazaj k zdravniku.
05:07
Her doctorzdravnik did the goldzlato standardstandard testtest:
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Ta je naredil zlati standardni test:
srčno kateterizacijo.
05:09
a cardiacsrčni catheterizationkatetrizacija.
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05:12
It showedpokazala no blockagesblokade.
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Ni pokazala nobenih blokad.
Lindini simptomi so se nadaljevali.
05:14
Linda'sLinda symptomssimptomi continuednadaljevano.
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05:16
She had to stop workingdelo.
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Morala je prenehati z delom.
In takrat nas je našla.
05:19
And that's when she foundnajdemo us.
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05:21
When LindaLinda cameprišel to us, we did
anotherdrugo cardiacsrčni catheterizationkatetrizacija
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Ko je prišla k nam,
smo naredili še eno kateterizacijo
05:25
and this time, we foundnajdemo cluesnamige.
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in tokrat smo našli sledi.
05:29
But we neededpotrebno anotherdrugo testtest
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A potrebovali smo še en test,
da bi postavili diagnozo.
05:31
to make the diagnosisdiagnozo.
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05:34
So we did a testtest calledpozval an intracoronaryintracoronary ultrasoundUltrazvok,
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Zato smo naredili
intrakoronarni ultrazvok,
05:39
where you use soundwavessoundwaves to look at the arteryarterija
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kjer z zvočnimi valovi pogledamo arterijo
od znotraj navzven.
05:41
from the insideznotraj out.
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05:44
And what we foundnajdemo
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Ugotovili smo, da Lindina bolezen
ne izgleda kot tipična moška bolezen.
05:46
was that Linda'sLinda diseasebolezen didn't look like
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05:48
the typicaltipično malemoški diseasebolezen.
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05:51
The typicaltipično malemoški diseasebolezen looksizgleda like this.
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Tipična moška bolezen izgleda takole.
05:54
There's a discretediskreten blockageblokada or stenosisstenoza.
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Tu je diskretna blokada ali stenoza.
05:58
Linda'sLinda diseasebolezen, like the diseasebolezen of so manyveliko womenženske,
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Lindina bolezen, kot bolezen mnogih žensk,
izgleda takole.
06:02
looksizgleda like this.
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06:04
The plaqueplošča is laidpoložen down more evenlyenakomerno, more diffuselykaterem
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Plak je položen bolj enakomerno,
bolj difuzno
06:07
alongskupaj the arteryarterija, and it's hardertežje to see.
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preko arterije in ga težje vidimo.
06:11
So for LindaLinda, and for so manyveliko womenženske,
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Zato za Lindo in za mnoge ženske
zlati standardni test ni bil zlat.
06:15
the goldzlato standardstandard testtest wasn'tni bilo goldzlato.
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06:18
Now, LindaLinda receivedprejeto the right treatmentzdravljenje.
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Linda je prejela pravo zdravljenje.
06:21
She wentšla back to her life and, fortunatelyna srečo, todaydanes
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Vrnila se je k svojemu življenju
in na srečo ji gre dobro.
06:23
she is doing well.
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06:25
But LindaLinda was luckysrečen.
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A Linda je imela srečo.
Našla je nas, mi smo našli njeno bolezen.
06:27
She foundnajdemo us, we foundnajdemo her diseasebolezen.
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06:29
But for too manyveliko womenženske, that's not the caseprimera.
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A za preveč žensk ni tako.
06:32
We have the toolsorodja.
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Imamo orodja.
Imamo tehnologijo za postavitev diagnoze.
06:35
We have the technologytehnologijo to make the diagnosisdiagnozo.
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06:38
But it's all too oftenpogosto that these sexseks diffferencesdiffferences
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A vse prevečkrat te
razlike med spoloma spregledamo.
06:42
are overlookedprezrte.
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06:44
So what about treatmentzdravljenje?
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Kako je z zdravljenjem?
06:46
A landmarkmejnik studyštudija that was publishedobjavljeno two yearslet agonazaj
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Študija, ki je bila objavljena
pred dvema letoma,
06:49
askedvprašal the very importantpomembno questionvprašanje:
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je zastavila pomembno vprašanje:
06:51
What are the mostnajbolj effectiveučinkovito treatmentszdravljenja
for heartsrce diseasebolezen in womenženske?
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Katera so najbolj učinkovita zdravljenja
srčnih bolezni žensk?
06:56
The authorsavtorjev lookedpogledal at papersdokumenti
writtennapisano over a 10-yearleto periodobdobje,
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Avtorji so pogledali članke,
napisane v desetih letih,
07:00
and hundredsstotine had to be thrownvržen out.
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in na stotine so jih morali zavreči.
07:03
And what they foundnajdemo out was that
of those that were tossedvrgel out,
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Odkrili so, da izmed tistih,
ki so jih morali izključiti,
07:07
65 percentodstotkov were excludedizključeni
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je bilo 65 odstotkov takih,
v katere so bile ženske sicer vključene,
07:11
because even thoughčeprav womenženske
were includedvključeni in the studiesštudije,
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07:15
the analysisanaliza didn't differentiaterazlikovati
betweenmed womenženske and menmoški.
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vendar pri njih analize niso razlikovale
med moškimi in ženskami.
07:22
What a lostizgubljen opportunitypriložnost.
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Kakšna izgubljena priložnost.
07:25
The moneydenar had been spentpreživel
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Denar smo zapravili
in nismo pogledali, kako je šlo ženskam.
07:27
and we didn't learnučiti se how womenženske faredUspešno.
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07:29
And these studiesštudije could not contributeprispevati one iotaJota (črka)
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In te študije niso prispevale niti malo
k zelo, zelo pomembnemu vprašanju,
07:32
to the very, very importantpomembno questionvprašanje,
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07:34
what are the mostnajbolj effectiveučinkovito treatmentszdravljenja
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katera so najučinkovitejša zdravljenja
srčnih bolezni pri ženskah?
07:37
for heartsrce diseasebolezen in womenženske?
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07:40
I want to introduceuvesti you to
HortenseHortense, my godmotherbotra,
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Predstavila vam bom Hortense, mojo botro,
07:45
HungVisela WeiWei, a relativerelativno of a colleaguekolega,
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Hung Wei, sorodnico sodelavke,
07:49
and somebodynekdo you maylahko recognizeprepoznati --
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in nekoga, ki ga morda prepoznate--
07:51
DanaDana, ChristopherChristopher Reeve'sReeve je wifežena.
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Dano, ženo Christopherja Reeva.
07:54
All threetri womenženske have something
very importantpomembno in commonpogosti.
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Vsem trem ženskam je skupno
nekaj zelo pomembnega.
07:59
All threetri were diagnoseddiagnoza with lungpljuča cancerrak,
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Vsem trem so diagnosticirali rak pljuč,
08:02
the numberštevilka one cancerrak killermorilec of womenženske
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najbolj pogost rak, ki je vzrok smrti
žensk v ZDA danes.
08:05
in the UnitedVelika StatesDržave todaydanes.
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08:08
All threetri were nonsmokersnekadilci.
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Vse tri so bile nekadilke.
08:12
SadlyNa žalost, DanaDana and HungVisela WeiWei diedumrl of theirnjihovi diseasebolezen.
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Na žalost sta Dana in Hung Wei
umrli zaradi bolezni.
08:17
TodayDanes, what we know is that womenženske who are
nonsmokersnekadilci are threetri timeskrat more likelyverjetno
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Danes vemo, da imajo nekadilke
trikrat večjo verjetnost,
08:23
to be diagnoseddiagnoza with lungpljuča cancerrak than are menmoški
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da jim diagnosticirajo raka pljuč
kot nekadilci.
08:26
who are nonsmokersnekadilci.
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1986
08:28
Now interestinglyzanimivo, when womenženske are
diagnoseddiagnoza with lungpljuča cancerrak,
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Zanimivo, ko ženskam
diagnosticirajo raka pljuč,
08:32
theirnjihovi survivalpreživetje tendstežava to be better than that of menmoški.
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je njihovo preživetje boljše od moških.
08:35
Now, here are some cluesnamige.
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Tu je nekaj sledi.
08:37
Our investigatorspreiskovalci have foundnajdemo that there are
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Naši raziskovalci so odkrili, da so
08:39
certainnekateri genesgeni in the lungpljuča tumortumor
cellscelice of bothoboje womenženske and menmoški.
156
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določeni geni v celicah pljučnega tumorja
pri moških in ženskah.
08:44
And these genesgeni are activatedaktivira
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Te gene aktivira predvsem estrogen.
08:46
mainlypredvsem by estrogenestrogen.
158
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2090
08:48
And when these genesgeni are over-expressedpreveč izražen,
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In ko so ti geni preveč izraženi,
08:51
it's associatedpovezan with improvedizboljšali survivalpreživetje
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je to povezano z izboljšanim preživetjem
samo pri mladih ženskah.
08:53
only in youngmladi womenženske.
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08:56
Now this is a very earlyzgodaj findingugotovitev
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To je zelo zgodnje odkritje in še ne vemo,
ali je pomembno za klinično oskrbo.
08:58
and we don't yetše know whetherali it has relevancepomembnost
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09:01
to clinicalklinično carenego.
164
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09:04
But it's findingsugotovitve like this that maylahko providezagotoviti hopeupanje
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Ampak taka odkritja nam dajejo upanje
09:08
and maylahko providezagotoviti an opportunitypriložnost to saveshranite livesživi
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in morda lahko prinesejo priložnost,
da rešimo življenja moških in žensk.
09:11
of bothoboje womenženske and menmoški.
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09:13
Now, let me sharedeliti with you an exampleprimer
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Naj z vami delim primer,
09:14
of when we do considerrazmislite sexseks differencesrazlike,
it can drivepogon the scienceznanost.
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ko upoštevanje razlik med spoloma,
lahko žene znanost naprej.
09:18
SeveralVeč yearslet agonazaj a newnovo lungpljuča cancerrak drugdroge
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Pred nekaj leti so ocenjevali
novo zdravilo za raka pljuč
09:21
was beingbiti evaluatedoceniti,
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09:22
and when the authorsavtorjev lookedpogledal
at whosečigar tumorstumorjev shrankprešli,
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in ko so avtorji pogledali,
čigavi tumorji so se skrčili,
09:27
they foundnajdemo that 82 percentodstotkov were womenženske.
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so ugotovili, da je bilo
82 odstotkov žensk.
09:30
This led them to askvprašajte the questionvprašanje: Well, why?
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To je vodilo k vprašanju, zakaj.
09:33
And what they foundnajdemo
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Odkrili so, da so bile genetske mutacije,
na katere je ciljalo zdravilo,
09:35
was that the geneticgenetski mutationsmutacije
that the drugdroge targetedusmerjeni
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09:38
were fardaleč more commonpogosti in womenženske.
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veliko pogostejše pri ženskah.
09:41
And what this has led to
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In to je vodilo
v veliko bolj oseben pristop
09:43
is a more personalizedosebno approachpristop
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09:45
to the treatmentzdravljenje of lungpljuča cancerrak
that alsotudi includesvključuje sexseks.
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zdravljenja raka, ki vključuje tudi spol.
09:49
This is what we can accomplishizpolniti
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To lahko dosežemo,
če zdravja žensk ne prepustimo naključju.
09:51
when we don't leavedopust women'sženske healthzdravje to chancepriložnost.
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09:55
We know that when you investvlagati in researchraziskave,
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Vemo, da ko investiraš v raziskave,
dobiš rezultate.
09:58
you get resultsrezultate.
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10:00
Take a look at the deathsmrt rateoceniti
from breastprsi cancerrak over time.
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Poglejte razvoj umrljivosti
zaradi raka dojke.
10:04
And now take a look at the deathsmrt ratesstopnje
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1925
Sedaj pa poglejte umrljivost zaradi
pljučnega raka pri ženskah skozi čas.
10:06
from lungpljuča cancerrak in womenženske over time.
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10:09
Now let's look at the dollarsdolarjev
investedinvestirali in breastprsi cancerrak --
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Poglejmo dolarje, vložene v raka na dojki -
to so vloženi dolarji na smrt -
10:13
these are the dollarsdolarjev investedinvestirali perna deathsmrt --
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2969
10:16
and the dollarsdolarjev investedinvestirali in lungpljuča cancerrak.
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in dolarje, vložene v raka na pljučih.
10:20
Now, it's clearjasno that our investmentnaložbe in breastprsi cancerrak
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Jasno je, da je naše vlaganje
v raka dojke prineslo rezultate.
10:25
has producedproizvedeni resultsrezultate.
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10:27
They maylahko not be fasthitro enoughdovolj,
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Morda niso dovolj hitri,
ampak rezultati so.
10:29
but it has producedproizvedeni resultsrezultate.
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10:31
We can do the sameenako
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Lahko naredimo enako
za raka pljuč in vsako bolezen.
10:33
for lungpljuča cancerrak and for everyvsak other diseasebolezen.
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4991
10:38
So let's go back to depressiondepresija.
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Pojdimo nazaj k depresiji.
10:42
DepressionDepresija is the numberštevilka one causevzrok
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Depresija je danes vzrok številka ena
na svetu za invalidnost žensk.
10:44
of disabilityinvalidnosti in womenženske in the worldsvet todaydanes.
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10:49
Our investigatorspreiskovalci have foundnajdemo
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Naši raziskovalci so ugotovili,
da obstajajo razlike v možganih
10:51
that there are differencesrazlike in the brainsmožgani
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10:52
of womenženske and menmoški
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moških in žensk v območjih,
ki so povezana z razpoloženjem.
10:54
in the areasobmočja that are connectedpovezan with moodrazpoloženje.
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10:57
And when you put menmoški and womenženske
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In ko pregledaš moške in ženske
s funkcionalno magnetno resonanco -
10:59
in a functionaldelujoč MRIMRI scannerskener --
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1875
11:01
that's the kindvrste of scannerskener that showskaže how the brainmožganov is functioningdelovanje when it's activatedaktivira --
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ta pokaže, kako možgani delujejo,
ko so aktivirani -
11:06
so you put them in the scannerskener
and you exposeizpostaviti them to stressstres.
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jih daš v skener in jih izpostaviš stresu.
11:10
You can actuallydejansko see the differenceRazlika.
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Lahko dejansko vidiš razliko.
11:13
And it's findingsugotovitve like this
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661976
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In za taka odkritja verjamemo,
da vsebujejo določene razlage,
11:16
that we believe holddržite some of the cluesnamige
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11:19
for why we see these very significantpomembno sexseks differencesrazlike
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zakaj vidimo vse te
razlike med spoloma pri depresiji.
11:23
in depressiondepresija.
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11:25
But even thoughčeprav we know
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Ampak čeprav vemo,
da se te razlike pojavljajo,
11:27
that these differencesrazlike occurpojavijo,
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11:29
66 percentodstotkov
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je 66 odstotkov raziskav možganov,
ki se začnejo na živalih,
11:32
of the brainmožganov researchraziskave that beginsse začne in animalsživali
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11:36
is doneKončano in eitherbodisi malemoški animalsživali
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narejenih na živalih moškega spola
ali na živalih nedoločenega spola.
11:38
or animalsživali in whomkoga the sexseks is not identifiedidentificirana.
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11:43
So, I think we have to askvprašajte again the questionvprašanje:
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Zato se spet vrnimo k vprašanju:
Zakaj prepustiti zdravje žensk naključju?
11:46
Why leavedopust women'sženske healthzdravje to chancepriložnost?
220
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11:51
And this is a questionvprašanje that hauntspreganja those of us
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In to vprašanje preganja
tiste med nami v znanosti in medicini,
11:54
in scienceznanost and medicinezdravila
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11:56
who believe that we are on the vergerob
of beingbiti ablesposoben to dramaticallydramatično improveizboljšati
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ki verjamemo, da smo na robu tega,
da bomo lahko dramatično izboljšali
12:02
the healthzdravje of womenženske.
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zdravje žensk.
12:04
We know that everyvsak cellcelica has a sexseks.
225
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Vemo, da ima vsaka celica spol.
12:06
We know that these differencesrazlike
are oftenpogosto overlookedprezrte.
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Vemo, da so te razlike
pogosto spregledane.
12:09
And thereforezato we know that womenženske
are not gettingpridobivanje the fullpolno benefitkoristi
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In zatorej vemo, da ženske
ne uživajo vseh koristi
12:14
of modernmoderno scienceznanost and medicinezdravila todaydanes.
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moderne znanosti in medicine.
12:17
We have the toolsorodja
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Imamo orodja, a manjkata nam
skupinska volja in zagon.
12:19
but we lackpomanjkanje the collectivekolektiv will and momentumzagon.
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12:23
Women'sŽenske healthzdravje is an equalenako rightspravice issuetežava
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Zdravje žensk je problem enakopravnosti,
tako pomemben kot enako plačilo.
12:26
as importantpomembno as equalenako payplačati.
232
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12:29
And it's an issuetežava of the qualitykakovost
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In je problem kakovosti
in integritete znanosti in medicine.
12:31
and the integritycelovitost of scienceznanost and medicinezdravila.
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12:35
(ApplauseAplavz)
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(Aplavz)
12:42
So imaginezamislite the momentumzagon we could achievedoseči
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Predstavljajte si zagon, ki bi ga
lahko dosegli v napredku zdravja žensk,
12:47
in advancingnapreduje the healthzdravje of womenženske
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12:49
if we consideredupoštevati whetherali these
sexseks differencesrazlike were presentprisotni
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če bi upoštevali,
ali so te razlike med spoloma prisotne
12:52
at the very beginningzačetek of designingoblikovanje researchraziskave.
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na začetku načrtovanja raziskave.
12:55
Or if we analyzedanalizirali our datapodatkov by sexseks.
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Ali če bi analizirali podatke
glede na spol.
12:59
So, people oftenpogosto askvprašajte me:
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1948
Ljudje me pogosto vprašajo:
"Kaj lahko storim?"
13:01
What can I do?
242
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13:03
And here'sTukaj je what I suggestpredlagajte:
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In to predlagam:
13:05
First, I suggestpredlagajte that you think about women'sženske healthzdravje
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Prvič, predlagam vam, da o zdravju žensk
premišljujete na isti način,
13:09
in the sameenako way
245
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13:11
that you think and carenego about other
causesvzroki that are importantpomembno to you.
246
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kot premišljujete in vam je mar
za druge pomembne cilje.
13:17
And seconddrugič, and equallyenako as importantpomembno,
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In drugič, enako pomembno je,
da kot ženska vprašate svojega zdravnika
13:20
that as a womanženska,
248
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13:22
you have to askvprašajte your doctorzdravnik
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13:25
and the doctorszdravniki who are caringskrbna
for those who you love:
250
793615
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in zdravnike,
ki skrbijo za vaše bližnje:
13:30
Is this diseasebolezen or treatmentzdravljenje differentdrugačen in womenženske?
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Je ta bolezen ali zdravljenje
pri ženskah drugačna?
13:34
Now, this is a profoundgloboko questionvprašanje
because the answerodgovor is likelyverjetno yes,
252
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3588
To je pomembno vprašanje,
ker je odgovor verjetno da.
13:38
but your doctorzdravnik maylahko not know
the answerodgovor, at leastvsaj not yetše.
253
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A vaš zdravnik morda ne ve odgovora,
vsaj ne še.
13:42
But if you askvprašajte the questionvprašanje,
your doctorzdravnik will very likelyverjetno
254
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Ampak če vprašate,
bo verjetno šel poiskat odgovor.
13:46
go looking for the answerodgovor.
255
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13:48
And this is so importantpomembno,
256
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In to je zelo pomembno, ne samo za nas,
ampak za vse, ki jih imamo radi.
13:51
not only for ourselvessami,
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13:53
but for all of those whomkoga we love.
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13:55
WhetherAli it be a mothermama, a daughterhči, a sistersestra,
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Naj bo to mati, hči, sestra,
prijateljica ali babica.
14:00
a friendprijatelj or a grandmotherbabica.
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14:04
It was my grandmother'sbabica je sufferingtrpljenje
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Trpljenje moje babice je navdihnilo
moje delo na izboljšanju zdravja žensk.
14:06
that inspirednavdihnjen my work
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14:08
to improveizboljšati the healthzdravje of womenženske.
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14:11
That's her legacyzapuščina.
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To je njena zapuščina.
14:13
Our legacyzapuščina can be to improveizboljšati the healthzdravje of womenženske
265
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Naša zapuščina je lahko
izboljšanje zdravja žensk
14:18
for this generationgeneracije
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te generacije in naslednjih generacij.
14:20
and for generationsgeneracije to come.
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14:23
Thank you.
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Hvala.
14:25
(ApplauseAplavz)
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(Aplavz)
Translated by Nika Kotnik
Reviewed by Klavdija Cernilogar

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Paula Johnson - Women's-health expert
Dr. Paula Johnson is a pioneer in looking at health from a woman's perspective.

Why you should listen

Ever think you were having a heart attack? It turns out that many of the well-known early symptoms, such as chest pain and pressure from left arm to jaw, are more typically experienced by men. Women are more likely to experience shortness of breath, unusual perspiration and abdominal discomfort. Dr. Paula Johnson was one of the first to ask big questions about women's experience of cardiac care -- and their access to care that meets their needs.

Johnson and her team at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston focus on mentoring, measuring and bringing together expertise from practicing clinicians and academics to improve women's health. She says: "One of our core responsibilities will be to address critical questions ... such as, 'How do sex and gender impact health and health outcomes?' and 'How can health disparities among different groups of women be eliminated?'"

More profile about the speaker
Paula Johnson | Speaker | TED.com