TEDxKyoto
Takaharu Tezuka: The best kindergarten you’ve ever seen
Takaharu Tezuka: Najboljši vrtec, kar ste ga kdajkoli videli
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Na tej šoli v Tokiu, petletniki povzročajo prometne zastoje, okna pa so namenjena Božičku, da zleze skozi njih. Spoznajte najbolj simpatičen vrtec na svetu, zasnovan s strani arhitekta Takaharuja Tezuke. V tem očarljivem govoru nas popelje skozi proces zasnove, ki otrokom dejansko dovoljuje biti otroci.
Takaharu Tezuka - Architect
Architect Takaharu Tezuka creates imaginative and versatile personal spaces. Full bio
Architect Takaharu Tezuka creates imaginative and versatile personal spaces. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:18
This is a kindergarten
we designed in 2007.
we designed in 2007.
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Ta vrtec smo zasnovali leta 2007.
00:22
We made this kindergarten
to be a circle.
to be a circle.
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Zgradili smo ga v obliki kroga.
00:26
It's a kind of endless circulation
on top of the roof.
on top of the roof.
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Gre za nekakšno neskončno kroženje
na strehi.
na strehi.
00:29
If you are a parent,
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Če ste starši,
00:31
you know that kids love
to keep making circles.
to keep making circles.
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potem veste, da otroci obožujejo
delanje krogov.
delanje krogov.
00:36
This is how the rooftop looks.
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Takole izgleda streha.
00:39
And why did we design this?
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A zakaj smo ga zasnovali tako?
00:41
The principal of this kindergarten said,
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Ravnatelj vrtca je rekel:
00:44
"No, I don't want a handrail."
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"Ne, nočem ograje."
00:47
I said, "It's impossible."
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Rekel sem mu: "To je nemogoče."
00:49
But he insisted: "How about having a net
sticking out from the edge of the roof?
sticking out from the edge of the roof?
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Vztrajal je: "Kaj pa, če bi imeli ob robu
strehe mrežo
strehe mrežo
00:55
So that it can catch
the children falling off?"
the children falling off?"
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na katero bi se ujeli otroci,
če bi padli?"
če bi padli?"
00:57
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
00:59
I said, "It's impossible."
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Rekel sem: "Nemogoče je."
01:01
And of course,
the government official said,
the government official said,
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In, razumljivo, tudi vladni predstavnik
je rekel:
je rekel:
01:04
"Of course you have to have a handrail."
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"Seveda morate imeti ograjo."
01:10
But we could keep
that idea around the trees.
that idea around the trees.
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A to idejo smo lahko obdržali ob drevesih.
01:13
There are three trees popping through.
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To so drevesa, ki gledajo skozi streho.
01:17
And we were allowed to call
this rope as a handrail.
this rope as a handrail.
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In dovoljeno nam je bilo,
da to mrežo poimenujemo ograja.
da to mrežo poimenujemo ograja.
01:22
But of course, rope has nothing
to do with them.
to do with them.
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A vrv seveda nima povezave z njimi.
01:26
They fall into the net.
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Padejo v mrežo.
01:29
And you get more,
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In vedno več jih je,
01:32
and more,
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in več,
01:35
more.
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in več.
01:36
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
01:37
Sometimes 40 children
are around a tree.
are around a tree.
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Včasih je 40 otrok okoli drevesa.
01:43
The boy on the branch,
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Ta fant na veji
01:44
he loves the tree
so he is eating the tree.
so he is eating the tree.
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to drevo ljubi tako zelo,
da ga kar jé.
da ga kar jé.
01:47
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
01:50
And at the time of an event,
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In v času prireditev
01:52
they sit on the edge.
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lahko sedijo na robu strehe.
01:56
It looks so nice from underneath.
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Tako lepo izgleda od spodaj.
01:58
Monkeys in the zoo.
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Kot opice v živalskem vrtu.
02:00
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
02:04
Feeding time.
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Čas za malico.
02:06
(Laughter)
(Applause)
(Applause)
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(smeh)
(aplavz)
(aplavz)
02:12
And we made the roof as low as possible,
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In streho smo poskušali narediti
čim nižjo,
čim nižjo,
02:15
because we wanted to see
children on top of the roof,
children on top of the roof,
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ker smo želeli otroke videti tudi na vrhu
02:19
not only underneath the roof.
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ne samo pod njim.
02:22
And if the roof is too high,
you see only the ceiling.
you see only the ceiling.
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In če je streha previsoka
vidiš samo strop.
vidiš samo strop.
02:27
And the leg washing place --
there are many kinds of water taps.
there are many kinds of water taps.
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Prostor za umivanje nog --
obstaja več vrst pip z vodo.
obstaja več vrst pip z vodo.
02:32
You see with the flexible tubes,
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Vidite lahko take z
upogljivimi cevmi,
upogljivimi cevmi,
02:34
you want to spray water
to your friends,
to your friends,
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seveda z vodo želiš pošpricati
svoje prijatelje,
svoje prijatelje,
02:37
and the shower,
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tuširanje
02:39
and the one in front is quite normal.
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in ta v ospredju je še dokaj normalen.
02:41
But if you look at this,
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A če ga pogledate,
02:43
the boy is not washing his boots,
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si dejansko ne umiva svojih škornjev,
02:44
he's putting water into his boots.
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vanje si naliva vodo.
02:46
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
02:53
This kindergarten is completely
open, most of the year.
open, most of the year.
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Ta vrtec je popolnoma odprt,
večino leta.
večino leta.
02:59
And there is no boundary
between inside and outside.
between inside and outside.
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Ni meja med zunanjim
in notranjim svetom.
in notranjim svetom.
03:03
So it means basically
this architecture is a roof.
this architecture is a roof.
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To dejansko pomeni, da je ta
arhitektura v bistvu streha.
arhitektura v bistvu streha.
03:07
And also there is no boundary
between classrooms.
between classrooms.
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Prav tako ni meja med učilnicami.
03:11
So there is no acoustic barrier at all.
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Tako med njimi hkrati ni
zvočne pregrade.
zvočne pregrade.
03:15
When you put many children in a quiet box,
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Ko imate v tihi sobi veliko otrok,
03:21
some of them get really nervous.
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nekateri izmed njih postanejo živčni.
03:24
But in this kindergarten,
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A v tem vrtcu
03:26
there is no reason they get nervous.
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razloga za živčnost ni.
03:30
Because there is no boundary.
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Ker ni nobenih meja.
03:33
And the principal says
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In ravnatelj pravi:
03:35
if the boy in the corner
doesn't want to stay in the room,
doesn't want to stay in the room,
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"Če fantek v kotu noče ostati v sobi,
03:39
we let him go.
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mu pustimo da gre.
03:41
He will come back eventually,
because it's a circle, it comes back.
because it's a circle, it comes back.
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Slej ko prej se bo vrnil,
ker gre za krog, zato se vrne."
ker gre za krog, zato se vrne."
03:44
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
03:48
But the point is,
in that kind of occasion,
in that kind of occasion,
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Dejstvo je, da se v taki situaciji
03:51
usually children try to hide somewhere.
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otroci želijo nekje skriti.
03:54
But here, just they leave and come back.
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Tukaj pa samo odidejo in se vrnejo.
03:58
It's a natural process.
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Gre za naravni proces.
04:00
And secondly, we consider
noise very important.
noise very important.
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Istočasno pa nam je hrup
zelo pomemben.
zelo pomemben.
04:07
You know that children
sleep better in noise.
sleep better in noise.
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Verjetno veste, da otroci lažje
spijo v hrupu.
spijo v hrupu.
04:14
They don't sleep in a quiet space.
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Ponavadi ne spijo v tihih prostorih.
04:17
And in this kindergarten,
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In v tem vrtcu
04:20
these children show
amazing concentration in class.
amazing concentration in class.
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so ti otroci v razredu
neverjetno skoncentrirani.
neverjetno skoncentrirani.
04:27
And you know, our kind grew up
in the jungle with noise.
in the jungle with noise.
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Saj veste, tudi mi smo odraščali
v hrupni džungli.
v hrupni džungli.
04:33
They need noise.
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Tudi oni potrebujejo hrup.
04:35
And you know, you can talk
to your friends in a noisy bar.
to your friends in a noisy bar.
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Tudi s prijatelji se pogovarjate
v glasnih lokalih.
v glasnih lokalih.
04:39
You are not supposed to be in silence.
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Ni nam namenjeno biti v tišini.
04:43
And you know, these days
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Dandanes
04:46
we are trying to make
everything under control.
everything under control.
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poskušamo vsako stvar kontrolirati.
04:52
You know, it's completely open.
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Je pa popolnoma odprt.
04:54
And you should know that
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In vedeti morate da
04:57
we can go skiing in -20 degrees in winter.
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gremo lahko smučat pri -20 pozimi.
05:02
In summer you go swimming.
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Poleti gremo lahko plavat.
05:05
The sand is 50 degrees.
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Pesek ima 50 stopinj.
05:08
And also, you should know
that you are waterproof.
that you are waterproof.
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Zavedati se morate, da smo vodoodporni.
05:12
You never melt in rain.
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Nikoli se ne stopimo v dežju.
05:15
So, children are supposed to be outside.
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In ravno zato morajo biti otroci zunaj.
05:19
So that is how we should treat them.
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Tako bi jih tudi morali obravnavati.
05:22
This is how they divide classrooms.
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Takole ločijo učilnice.
05:24
They are supposed to help teachers.
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Učiteljem morajo pomagati.
05:27
They don't.
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Pa jim ne.
05:29
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
05:35
I didn't put him in.
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Nisem ga jaz dal tu notri.
05:39
A classroom.
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Učilnica.
05:42
And a washbasin.
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Umivalnik.
05:44
They talk to each other around the well.
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Med seboj se pogovarjajo ob vodnjaku.
05:49
And there are always
some trees in the classroom.
some trees in the classroom.
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In vedno je nekaj dreves v učilnici.
05:55
A monkey trying to fish
another monkey from above.
another monkey from above.
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Opica, ki poskuša uloviti kako drugo
opico od zgoraj.
opico od zgoraj.
05:59
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
06:01
Monkeys.
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Opice.
06:02
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
06:04
And each classroom has
at least one skylight.
at least one skylight.
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In vsaka učilnica ima vsaj eno
strešno okno.
strešno okno.
06:09
And this is where Santa Claus
comes down at the time of Christmas.
comes down at the time of Christmas.
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Tukaj pa vstopi Božiček v času božiča.
06:19
This is the annex building,
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Tole je prizidek,
06:21
right next to that
oval-shaped kindergarten.
oval-shaped kindergarten.
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ki je takoj zraven
ovalno oblikovanega vrtca.
ovalno oblikovanega vrtca.
06:26
The building is only
five meters tall with seven floors.
five meters tall with seven floors.
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Zgradba je visoka samo 5 metrov,
a ima 7 nadstropij.
a ima 7 nadstropij.
06:31
And of course,
the ceiling height is very low.
the ceiling height is very low.
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Višina stropa pa je seveda zelo nizka.
06:33
So you have to consider safety.
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In zato moramo upoštevati tudi varnost.
06:38
So, we put our children,
a daughter and a son.
a daughter and a son.
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Zato sva pripeljala hčer in sina.
06:43
They tried to go in.
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Preizkusila sta jo.
06:47
He hit his head.
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Udaril se je v glavo.
06:51
He's okay. His skull is quite strong.
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NIč mu ni bilo. Ima dokaj trdo lobanjo.
06:55
He is resilient. It's my son.
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Zelo je odporen, konec koncev je moj sin.
06:58
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
07:01
And he is trying to see
if it is safe to jump off.
if it is safe to jump off.
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Poskuša se prepričati, če je varno,
da skoči dol.
da skoči dol.
07:05
And then we put other children.
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In nato smo pripeljali še druge otroke.
07:12
The traffic jam is awful
in Tokyo, as you know.
in Tokyo, as you know.
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Zastoji v Tokiu so grozni,
kot verjetno veste.
kot verjetno veste.
07:15
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
07:16
The driver in front,
she needs to learn how to drive.
she needs to learn how to drive.
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Voznica se mora še naučiti voziti.
07:21
Now these days,
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Dandanes
07:23
kids need a small dosage of danger.
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otroci potrebujejo majhno
mero nevarnosti.
mero nevarnosti.
07:30
And in this kind of occasion,
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In v taki situaciji
07:33
they learn to help each other.
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se naučijo en drugemu pomagati.
07:37
This is society. This is the kind of
opportunity we are losing these days.
opportunity we are losing these days.
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To je družba. To je vrsta priložnosti,
ki jo izgubljamo.
ki jo izgubljamo.
07:48
Now, this drawing is showing
the movement of a boy
the movement of a boy
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Ta slika prikazuje gibanje fantka
07:54
between 9:10 and 9:30.
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med 9:10 in 9:30 zjutraj.
08:01
And the circumference
of this building is 183 meters.
of this building is 183 meters.
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Obseg stavbe je 183 metrov.
08:07
So it's not exactly small at all.
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Ni ravno majhna stavba.
08:11
And this boy did 6,000 meters
in the morning.
in the morning.
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In ta fant je pretekel 6000 metrov
samo zjutraj.
samo zjutraj.
08:15
But the surprise is yet to come.
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A to še ni vse.
08:19
The children in this kindergarten
do 4,000 meters on average.
do 4,000 meters on average.
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Otroci v tem vrtcu v povprečju pretečejo
okoli 4000 metrov.
okoli 4000 metrov.
08:27
And these children have
the highest athletic abilities
the highest athletic abilities
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In ti otroci imajo
najvišje atletične sposobnosti
najvišje atletične sposobnosti
08:34
among many kindergartens.
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med mnogimi v drugih vrtcih.
08:43
The principal says,
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Ravnatelj pravi:
08:45
"I don't train them.
We leave them on top of the roof.
We leave them on top of the roof.
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"Ne treniramo jih. Samo pustimo
jih na vrhu strehe.
jih na vrhu strehe.
08:51
Just like sheep."
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Kot ovce."
08:52
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
08:54
They keep running.
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Konstantno tečejo.
08:56
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
08:58
My point is don't control them,
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Moje bistvo je, da jih ne nadzorujemo,
09:03
don't protect them too much,
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ne ščitimo preveč,
09:07
and they need to tumble sometimes.
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vsake toliko morajo pasti.
09:10
They need to get some injury.
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Morajo se poškodovati.
09:14
And that makes them learn
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To je tisto, kar jih nauči,
09:17
how to live in this world.
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kako živeti v tem svetu.
09:23
I think architecture is capable
of changing this world,
of changing this world,
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Verjamem, da je aritektura sposobna
spreminjati, tako svet
spreminjati, tako svet
09:31
and people's lives.
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kot človeška življenja.
09:33
And this is one of the attempts
to change the lives of children.
to change the lives of children.
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In to je le eden od poskusov,
da bi spremenili življenja otrok.
da bi spremenili življenja otrok.
09:40
Thank you very much.
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Iskrena hvala vsem.
09:42
(Applause)
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(aplavz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Takaharu Tezuka - ArchitectArchitect Takaharu Tezuka creates imaginative and versatile personal spaces.
Why you should listen
Takaharu Tezuka and his wife Yui make up Tezuka Architects. Together they have built schools centered on trees, play areas created from interwoven wooden beams and hospitals that offer patients the healing gifts of joyous light and space. It is this same breathtaking light and space, sketched out with clean lines of wood, metal and glass, that are the hallmarks of each of Tezuka’s projects. Since establishing the firm in 1994, Tezuka and his team have created buildings that transform mere walls and windows into living — and livable — art.
More profile about the speakerTakaharu Tezuka | Speaker | TED.com