ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sheryl WuDunn - Author, journalist
As a journalist reporting on China, Sheryl WuDunn saw the everyday oppression of women around the world. She and Nick Kristof wrote "Half the Sky," chronicling women's stories of horror and, especially, hope.

Why you should listen

Sheryl WuDunn and her husband, Nick Kristof, won a Pulitzer for their New York Times coverage of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests. Their joint reporting work in China and other developing nations convinced them both that, just as slavery was the moral issue of the 19th century, sex trafficking, gender-based violence and other abuses make women's rights the moral issue of the 21st.

In their book Half the Sky: Turning Oppression into Opportunity for Women Worldwide, WuDunn and Kristof make the case for empowering women as a means of development. Women tend to spend more on education, nutrition and business, the economic engines of growth in a community. And if we can find ways to develop the untapped potential of the millions of women who are now left uneducated, denied basic rights, oppressed and threatened -- we'll turn on a firehose of economic power that could transform the developing world.

More profile about the speaker
Sheryl WuDunn | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2010

Sheryl WuDunn: Our century's greatest injustice

Največja krivica tega stoletja

Filmed:
1,194,863 views

Knjiga Sheryl WuDunn z naslovom ''Half the Sky'' (Polovica neba) raziskuje zatiranje žensk po vsem svetu. Njene zgodbe šokirajo. Le takrat, ko bodo ženske v državah v razvoju imele enak dostop do izobraževalnih in gospodarskih priložnosti, bomo lahko uporabili vse človeške vire.
- Author, journalist
As a journalist reporting on China, Sheryl WuDunn saw the everyday oppression of women around the world. She and Nick Kristof wrote "Half the Sky," chronicling women's stories of horror and, especially, hope. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:16
The globalglobalno challengeizziv that I want to talk to you about todaydanes
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Svetovni izziv, o katerem želim govoriti danes,
00:19
rarelyredko makesnaredi the frontspredaj pagesstrani.
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se redkokdaj pojavi na naslovnicah.
00:21
It, howeverVendar, is enormousogromno
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Vendar je izjemno velik,
00:24
in bothoboje scaleobsega and importancepomembnost.
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tako po obsegu kot po pomembnosti.
00:27
Look, you all are very well traveledpotoval;
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Vsi ste že veliko potovali;
00:30
this is TEDGlobalTEDGlobal after all.
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to je navsezadnje TEDGlobal.
00:32
But I do hopeupanje to take you to some placesmesta
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Vseeno upam, da vas odpeljem v kraje,
00:34
you've never been to before.
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ki jih niste še nikoli obiskali.
00:36
So, let's startZačni off in ChinaKitajska.
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Tako, začnimo na Kitajskem.
00:38
This photofotografija was takensprejeti two weekstednih agonazaj.
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Ta fotografija je bila posneta pred dvema tednoma.
00:41
ActuallyDejansko, one indicationindikacija is that little boyfant on my husband'smoža shouldersramena
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V resnici je deček na ramenih mojega moža
00:44
has just graduateddiplomiral from highvisoko schoolšola.
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pravkar zaključil srednjo šolo.
00:46
(LaughterSmeh)
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(smeh)
00:48
But this is TiananmenTiananmen SquareSquare.
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Kakorkoli že, to je Trg nebeškega miru.
00:50
ManyVeliko of you have been there. It's not the realresnično ChinaKitajska.
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Mnogi ste že bili tam. To ni resnična Kitajska.
00:53
Let me take you to the realresnično ChinaKitajska.
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Naj vas popeljem do resnične Kitajske.
00:55
This is in the DabianDabian MountainsGore
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To je v gorah Dabian,
00:57
in the remoteoddaljeni partdel of HubeiHubei provinceprovinca in centralcentralno ChinaKitajska.
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v odročnem delu province Hubei v osrednji Kitajski.
01:01
DaiDai ManjuAndrej is 13 yearslet oldstar at the time the storyzgodba startsse začne.
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Dai Manju je ob začetku zgodbe stara 13 let.
01:04
She livesživi with her parentsstarši,
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Živi s svojimi starši,
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her two brothersBratje and her great-auntVelika teta.
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z bratoma in s staro teto.
01:09
They have a hutkoča that has no electricityelektrika,
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Živijo v kolibi brez elektrike,
01:11
no runningteče watervoda,
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brez tekoče vode,
01:13
no wristwatchročno uro, no bicyclekolo.
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brez ure, brez kolesa.
01:15
And they sharedeliti this great splendorsijaj
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In to sijajno razkošje si delijo
01:17
with a very largevelik pigprašič.
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z zelo velikim prašičem.
01:20
DaiDai ManjuAndrej was in sixthšesto graderazred when her parentsstarši said,
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Ko je bila v 6. razredu, so ji starši rekli:
01:23
"We're going to pullpotegnite you out of schoolšola
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"Vzeli te bomo iz šole,
01:25
because the 13-dollar-dollar schoolšola feespristojbine are too much for us.
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ker je 13 dolarjev šolnine preveč za nas.
01:28
You're going to be spendingporaba the restpočitek of your life in the riceriž paddiespaddies.
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Do konca življenja boš delala na riževih poljih.
01:30
Why would we wasteodpadki this moneydenar on you?"
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Zakaj bi zapravljali denar zate?"
01:32
This is what happensse zgodi to girlsdekleta in remoteoddaljeni areasobmočja.
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To se dogaja dekletom v odročnih predelih.
01:35
TurnsIzvijač out that DaiDai ManjuAndrej was
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Izkazalo se je, da je bila Dai Manju
01:37
the bestnajboljši pupilučenec in her graderazred.
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najboljša učenka v svojem letniku.
01:39
She still madeizdelane the two-hourdve uri trekTrek to the schoolhouseSchoolhouse
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Še vedno je dve uri hodila do šole
01:42
and triedposkušal to catchulov everyvsak little bitbit of informationinformacije
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in lovila vsak košček informacije,
01:45
that seepedseeped out of the doorsvrata.
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ki je ušel izza vrat.
01:47
We wrotenapisal about her in The NewNove YorkYork TimesKrat.
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O njej smo pisali v New York Timesu.
01:49
We got a floodpoplave of donationsdonacije --
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Dobili smo poplavo prispevkov -
01:52
mostlyvečinoma 13-dollar-dollar checkspregledi
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- večinoma čeke v vrednosti 13 dolarjev -
01:55
because NewNove YorkYork TimesKrat readersbralci are very generousradodaren
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saj so bralci New York Timesa zelo radodarni
01:57
in tinymajhen amountszneskov
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z majhnimi zneski.
01:59
(LaughterSmeh)
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(smeh)
02:01
but then, we got a moneydenar transferprenos
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Nato smo dobili nakazilo
02:04
for $10,000 --
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za 10.000 dolarjev -
02:06
really nicelepo guy.
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zares prijazen možakar.
02:08
We turnedobrnjen the moneydenar over to that man there, the principalglavni of the schoolšola.
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Denar smo predali gospodu na sliki, ravnatelju šole.
02:11
He was delightedvesel.
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Bil je presrečen.
02:13
He thought, "Oh, I can renovateprenoviti the schoolšola.
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Pomislil je: "O, lahko prenovim šolo.
02:15
I can give scholarshipsštipendije to all the girlsdekleta,
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Vsem dekletom lahko dam štipendijo."
02:17
you know, if they work hardtežko and stayostani in schoolšola.
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Saj veste, če so pridne in ostanejo v šoli.
02:19
So DaiDai ManjuAndrej basicallyv bistvu
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Tako je Dai Manju v bistvu
02:21
finishedkončal out middlesredi schoolšola.
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dokončala osnovno šolo.
02:23
She wentšla to highvisoko schoolšola.
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Vpisala se je
02:25
She wentšla to vocationalpoklicnega schoolšola for accountingračunovodstvo.
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v srednjo upravno administrativno šolo.
02:27
She scoutedscouted for jobsslužbe down in GuangdongGuangdong provinceprovinca in the southjužno.
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Začela je iskati službo v provinci Guangdong na jugu.
02:30
She foundnajdemo a jobdelo, she scoutedscouted for jobsslužbe
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Našla je službo in začela iskati službe
02:32
for her classmatessošolci and her friendsprijatelji.
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za sošolke in prijateljice.
02:34
She sentposlano moneydenar back to her familydružina.
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Svoji družini je poslala denar.
02:37
They builtzgrajeno a newnovo househiša,
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Zgradili so novo hišo,
02:39
this time with runningteče watervoda,
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tokrat z vodovodom,
02:41
electricityelektrika, a bicyclekolo,
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z elektriko, s kolesom,
02:43
no pigprašič.
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brez prašiča.
02:45
What we saw was a naturalnaravno experimentposkus.
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Kar smo videli, je bil naravni poskus.
02:48
It is rareredko to get an exogenouseksogeni investmentnaložbe
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Redko se zgodi, da dobimo zunanjo investicijo
02:50
in girls'dekleta " educationizobraževanje.
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za šolanje deklet.
02:52
And over the yearslet, as we followedsledi DaiDai ManjuAndrej, we were ablesposoben to see
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Ob večletnem spremljanju Dai Manju smo videli,
02:55
that she was ablesposoben to movePremakni se out of a viciouszačaran cyclecikel
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da se je uspela premakniti iz začaranega kroga
02:58
and into a virtuoususpešen cyclecikel.
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v uspešen krog.
03:00
She not only changedspremenjeno her ownlastno dynamicdinamično,
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Ni spremenila samo svoje dinamike,
03:02
she changedspremenjeno her householdgospodinjstvo, she changedspremenjeno her familydružina, her villagevas.
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spremenila je svoje gospodinjstvo, svojo družino, svojo vas.
03:05
The villagevas becamepostati a realresnično standoutstandout.
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Vas je postala res nekaj izrednega.
03:08
Of courseseveda, mostnajbolj of ChinaKitajska was flourishingrazcvet at the time,
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Seveda je večina Kitajske takrat napredovala,
03:11
but they were ablesposoben to get a roadcesta builtzgrajeno
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a njim je uspelo zgraditi cesto,
03:14
to linkpovezavo them up to the restpočitek of ChinaKitajska.
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ki jih je povezala s preostalo Kitajsko.
03:16
And that bringsprinaša me to my first majorMajor
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Prvo izmed dveh velikih načel
03:19
of two tenetsnačeli of "HalfPolovica the SkyNebo."
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v knjigi Polovica neba
03:21
And that is that
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se glasi:
03:23
the centralcentralno moralmoralno challengeizziv
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Osrednji moralni izziv
03:25
of this centurystoletje
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tega stoletja
03:27
is genderspol inequityneenakost.
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je neenakost med spoloma.
03:29
In the 19thth centurystoletje, it was slaverysuženjstvo.
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V 19. stoletju je to bilo suženjstvo.
03:31
In the 20thth centurystoletje, it was totalitarianismtotalitarizem.
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V 20. stoletju totalitarizem.
03:34
The causevzrok of our time
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Današnji problem je krutost,
03:36
is the brutalitybrutalnost that so manyveliko people
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ki jo tako veliko ljudi
03:38
faceobraz around the worldsvet because of theirnjihovi genderspol.
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izkusi po vsem svetu zaradi svojega spola.
03:41
So some of you maylahko be thinkingrazmišljanje,
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Nekateri si morda mislite:
03:43
"GoshJoj, that's hyperbolepretiravanje.
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''Presneto, to je hiperbola.
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She's exaggeratingpretiravanja."
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Pretirava."
03:47
Well, let me askvprašajte you this questionvprašanje.
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No, naj vas vprašam tole.
03:49
How manyveliko of you think there are more malesmoški or more femalessamice in the worldsvet?
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Kaj mislite, je na svetu več moških ali žensk?
03:52
Let me take a pollAnketa. How manyveliko of you think there are more malesmoški in the worldsvet?
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Naredimo anketo. Koliko vas misli, da je več moških?
03:55
HandsRoke up, please.
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Dvignite roke, prosim.
03:57
How manyveliko of you think -- a fewmalo -- how manyveliko of you there are more femalessamice in the worldsvet?
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Nekaj. Koliko vas misli, da je več žensk?
04:00
Okay, mostnajbolj of you.
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V redu, večina.
04:02
Well, you know this latterslednje groupskupina, you're wrongnarobe.
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No, vi v zadnji skupini se motite.
04:04
There are, trueresnično enoughdovolj,
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Več žensk je, to je res,
04:06
in EuropeEvropi and the WestWest,
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v Evropi in na Zahodu,
04:08
when womenženske and menmoški
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kjer imajo ženske in moški
04:10
have equalenako accessdostop to foodhrano and healthzdravje carenego,
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enak dostop do hrane in zdravstvene oskrbe,
04:12
there are more womenženske, we livev živo longerdlje.
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tu je več žensk, živimo dlje.
04:14
But in mostnajbolj of the restpočitek of the worldsvet, that's not the caseprimera.
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Toda v večini preostalega sveta ni tako.
04:17
In factdejstvo, demographersdemografi have shownprikazano
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Pravzaprav so demografi pokazali,
04:19
that there are anywherekjerkoli betweenmed 60 millionmilijonov
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da manjka
04:21
and 100 millionmilijonov
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med 60 in 100 milijonov žensk
04:23
missingpogrešam femalessamice in the currenttok populationprebivalstvo.
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v trenutni populaciji.
04:26
And, you know, it happensse zgodi for severalveč reasonsrazlogov.
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To, veste, se zgodi iz več razlogov.
04:29
For instanceprimer, in the last half-centurypol stoletja,
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Na primer, v zadnji polovici stoletja
04:31
more girlsdekleta were discriminateddiskriminirani to deathsmrt
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je bilo več deklet diskriminiranih do smrti,
04:34
than all the people killedubil on all the battlefieldsbojiščih
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kot je bilo ubitih ljudi
04:36
in the 20thth centurystoletje.
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na vseh bojiščih v 20. stoletju.
04:39
SometimesVčasih it's alsotudi because of the sonogramsonogram.
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Včasih je vzrok ultrazvok.
04:41
GirlsDekleta get abortedprekinjena before they're even bornRojen
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Tam, kjer je malo virov,
04:44
when there are scarcemalo resourcesvirov.
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dekleta splavijo, preden se sploh rodijo.
04:46
This girlpunca here, for instanceprimer,
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Dekle na sliki
04:48
is in a feedinghranjenje centercenter in EthiopiaEtiopija.
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je v centru za oskrbo s hrano v Etiopiji.
04:50
The entirecelotno centercenter was fillednapolnjena with girlsdekleta like her.
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Cel center je bil poln takih deklet.
04:53
What's remarkableizjemno is that her brothersBratje, in the sameenako familydružina,
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Presenetljivo je, da so bili njeni bratje
04:56
were totallypopolnoma fine.
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popolnoma v redu.
04:58
In IndiaIndija, in the first yearleto of life,
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V Indiji v prvem letu življenja,
05:00
from zeronič to one,
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od rojstva do prvega leta,
05:02
boyfant and girlpunca babiesdojenčki basicallyv bistvu survivepreživeti at the sameenako rateoceniti
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fantki in punčke preživijo v približno enakem razmerju,
05:05
because they dependodvisno uponna the breastprsi,
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saj so odvisni od dojenja
05:07
and the breastprsi showskaže no sonsin preferenceprednost.
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in prsi ne dajejo prednosti sinovom.
05:09
From one to fivepet,
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Od prvega do petega leta
05:12
girlsdekleta dieumreti at a 50 percentodstotkov highervišje mortalitysmrtnost rateoceniti
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pa je delež smrtnosti deklet
05:15
than boysfantje, in all of IndiaIndija.
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za 50 odstotkov višji od fantov.
05:18
The seconddrugič tenetnačelo of "HalfPolovica the SkyNebo"
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Drugo načelo knjige Polovica neba je:
05:21
is that, let's put asideob strani the moralitymoralo of all the right and wrongnarobe of it all,
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Pustimo ob strani moralo in pravičnost.
05:24
and just on a purelyčisto practicalpraktično levelravni,
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Čisto na praktičnem nivoju menimo,
05:27
we think that
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da je en najboljših načinov
05:29
one of the bestnajboljši waysnačinov to fightboj povertyrevščina and to fightboj terrorismterorizem
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za boj proti revščini in terorizmu
05:32
is to educateizobraževati girlsdekleta
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izobraževanje deklet
05:34
and to bringprinesi womenženske into the formalformalno laborporod forcesila.
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in njihova vključitev v formalno delovno silo.
05:37
PovertyRevščine, for instanceprimer.
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Revščina, na primer.
05:39
There are threetri reasonsrazlogov why this is the caseprimera.
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Obstajajo trije razlogi, zakaj je tako.
05:41
For one, overpopulationprenaseljenost is one of
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Kot primer, prenaseljenost je eden
05:43
the persistentvztrajno causesvzroki of povertyrevščina.
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od nenehnih vzrokov revščine.
05:46
And you know, when you educateizobraževati a boyfant,
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Ko izobraziš dečka,
05:48
his familydružina tendstežava to have fewermanj kidsotroci,
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ima njegova družina običajno manj otrok,
05:50
but only slightlymalce.
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a le neznatno manj.
05:52
When you educateizobraževati a girlpunca,
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Ko izobraziš deklico,
05:54
she tendstežava to have significantlyznatno fewermanj kidsotroci.
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ima običajno občutno manj otrok.
05:57
The seconddrugič reasonrazlog is
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Drugi razlog
06:00
it has to do with spendingporaba.
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je povezan z zapravljanjem.
06:02
It's kindvrste of like the dirtyumazano, little secretskrivnost of povertyrevščina,
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To je majhna, umazana skrivnost revščine.
06:04
whichki is that,
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Ne samo,
06:06
not only do poorslabo people
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da imajo revni ljudje
06:08
take in very little incomeprihodki,
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zelo malo dohodkov,
06:10
but alsotudi, the incomeprihodki that they take in,
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tudi tistih dohodkov, ki jih prejmejo,
06:12
they don't spendporabiti it very wiselypametno,
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ne zapravijo preveč modro.
06:15
and unfortunatelyna žalost, mostnajbolj of that spendingporaba is doneKončano by menmoški.
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In na žalost večino denarja zapravijo moški.
06:18
So researchraziskave has shownprikazano,
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Raziskava je pokazala,
06:20
if you look at people who livev živo underSpodaj two dollarsdolarjev a day --
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da ljudje, ki imajo manj kot 2 dolarja na dan -
06:23
one metricmeritev of povertyrevščina --
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- kar je eno merilo revščine -
06:25
two percentodstotkov of that take-homevzemi domov payplačati
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dajo 2 odstotka dohodka
06:27
goesgre to this basketkošara here, in educationizobraževanje.
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v košaro za izobraževanje.
06:30
20 percentodstotkov goesgre to a basketkošara that is a combinationkombinacija of
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20 odstotkov gre v košaro, ki je kombinacija
06:33
alcoholalkohol, tobaccotobaka, sugarysladkih drinkspijače --
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alkohola, tobaka, sladkih pijač,
06:35
and prostitutionprostitucija and festivalsFestivali.
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prostitucije in zabav.
06:38
If you just take fourštiri percentageodstotek pointstočke
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Če bi vzeli samo 4 odstotke
06:40
and put it into this basketkošara,
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in jih položili v to košaro,
06:42
you would have a transformativeprirejena effectučinek.
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bi se veliko spremenilo.
06:46
The last reasonrazlog has to do
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Ta zadnji razlog je povezan s tem,
06:48
with womenženske beingbiti partdel of the solutionrešitev, not the problemproblem.
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da so ženske del rešitve, ne problema.
06:51
You need to use scarcemalo resourcesvirov.
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Moramo uporabiti omejene vire.
06:53
It's a wasteodpadki of resourcesvirov if you don't use someonenekdo like DaiDai ManjuAndrej.
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Škoda je, če ne uporabiš nekoga, kot je Dai Manju.
06:56
BillBill GatesVrata put it very well
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Bill Gates je to lepo povedal,
06:58
when he was travelingpotovanje throughskozi SaudiSavdski ArabiaArabija.
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ko je potoval skozi Saudovo Arabijo.
07:00
He was speakinggovori to an audienceobčinstvo much like yourselvessami.
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Govoril je pred občinstvom, podobnim vam.
07:03
HoweverVendar, two-thirdsdve tretjini of the way there was a barrierpregrado.
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Vendar je prostor delila pregrada.
07:06
On this sidestran was menmoški,
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Na eni strani so bili moški,
07:08
and then the barrierpregrado, and this sidestran was womenženske.
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nato pregrada in na drugi strani ženske.
07:10
And someonenekdo from this sidestran of the roomsoba got up and said,
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Nekdo s te strani je vstal in vprašal:
07:12
"MrG.. GatesVrata, we have here as our goalcilj in SaudiSavdski ArabiaArabija
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"G. Gates, naš cilj je,
07:15
to be one of the topna vrh 10 countriesdržave
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da bi bili ena izmed 10 top držav,
07:17
when it comesprihaja to technologytehnologijo.
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kar zadeva tehnologijo.
07:19
Do you think we'llbomo make it?"
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Mislite, da nam bo uspelo?"
07:21
So BillBill GatesVrata, as he was staringstrmel out at the audienceobčinstvo, he said,
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Bill Gates je, medtem ko je opazoval občinstvo, rekel:
07:24
"If you're not fullyv celoti utilizingz uporabo halfpol the resourcesvirov in your countrydržava,
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"Če ne boste povsem izkoristili polovice virov v državi,
07:27
there is no way you will get anywherekjerkoli nearblizu the topna vrh 10."
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nimate možnosti, da bi prišli med najboljših 10."
07:30
So here is BillBill of ArabiaArabija.
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Tukaj je Bil Arabski.
07:33
(LaughterSmeh)
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(smeh)
07:35
So what would some of the specificspecifično challengesizzivi
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Kako torej izgledajo nekateri
07:37
look like?
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specifični izzivi?
07:40
I would say, on the topna vrh of the agendadnevni red
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Rekla bi, da je po pomembnosti na vrhu
07:43
is sexseks traffickingtrgovina z ljudmi.
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trgovanje z belim blagom.
07:45
And I'll just say two things about this.
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O tem bom povedala samo dve stvari.
07:47
The slaverysuženjstvo at the peakvrh of the slavesuženj tradetrgovino
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Suženjstvo na vrhuncu trgovine s sužnji
07:50
in the 1780s:
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okrog leta 1780:
07:53
there were about 80,000 slavessužnji
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Okrog 80.000 sužnjev
07:55
transportedprevažajo from AfricaAfrika to the NewNove WorldSvet.
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je bilo prepeljanih iz Afrike v Novi svet.
07:58
Now, modernmoderno slaverysuženjstvo:
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Zdaj, moderno suženjstvo:
08:01
accordingglede na to StateDržava DepartmentOddelek roughgrobo statisticsstatistiko,
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Po okvirni statistiki notranjega ministrstva
08:04
there are about 800,000 -- 10 timeskrat the numberštevilka --
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je okrog 800.000 ljudi - 10-krat več -
08:07
that are traffickedžrtve trgovine z ljudmi acrossčez internationalmednarodni bordersmeje.
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prepeljanih preko mednarodnih meja.
08:10
And that does not even includevključi those
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To niti ne vključuje tistih,
08:12
that are traffickedžrtve trgovine z ljudmi withinznotraj countrydržava bordersmeje,
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s katerimi trgujejo znotraj meja,
08:14
whichki is a substantialbistveno portiondel.
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kar predstavlja znaten delež.
08:17
And if you look at
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Poglejmo
08:19
anotherdrugo factorfaktor, anotherdrugo contrastkontrast,
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še en dejavnik, še eno nasprotje:
08:22
a slavesuženj back then is worthvredno
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Suženj je bil v tistih časih vreden
08:24
about $40,000
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okrog 40.000 dolarjev
08:26
in today'sdanes moneydenar.
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v današnjem denarju.
08:28
TodayDanes, you can buykupiti a girlpunca traffickedžrtve trgovine z ljudmi
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Danes lahko kupiš dekle
08:31
for a fewmalo hundredsto dollarsdolarjev,
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za nekaj sto dolarjev,
08:33
whichki meanssredstva she's actuallydejansko more disposableza enkratno uporabo.
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kar pomeni, da jo je manj škoda.
08:36
But you know, there is progressnapredek beingbiti madeizdelane
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Ampak napredek je opazen v državah,
08:39
in placesmesta like CambodiaKambodža and ThailandTajska.
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kot sta Kambodža in Tajska.
08:41
We don't have to expectpričakovati a worldsvet
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Ni nam treba sprejemati sveta,
08:43
where girlsdekleta are boughtkupil and soldprodano or killedubil.
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v katerem so dekleta kupljena, prodana ali ubita.
08:46
The seconddrugič itempredmet on the agendadnevni red
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Druga pomembna stvar
08:48
is maternalmater mortalitysmrtnost.
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je umrljivost žensk med porodom.
08:51
You know, childbirthpomoč ob rojstvu otroka in this partdel of the worldsvet
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Rojstvo otroka je v tem delu sveta
08:54
is a wonderfulČudovito eventdogodek.
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čudovit dogodek.
08:56
In NigerNiger, one in sevensedem womenženske
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V Nigru lahko ena od sedmih žensk pričakuje,
08:59
can expectpričakovati to dieumreti duringmed childbirthpomoč ob rojstvu otroka.
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da bo umrla med porodom.
09:02
Around the worldsvet,
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Po vsem svetu vsako minuto in pol
09:04
one womanženska diesumre everyvsak minuteminuto and a halfpol from childbirthpomoč ob rojstvu otroka.
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ena ženska umre med porodom.
09:08
You know, it's not as thoughčeprav
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Veste, ne gre za to,
09:10
we don't have the technologicaltehnološki solutionrešitev,
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da ne bi imeli tehnološke rešitve,
09:13
but these womenženske have threetri strikesstavke againstproti them:
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a te ženske zadanejo trije udarci:
09:16
they are poorslabo, they are ruralpodeželja
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so revne, živijo na podeželju
09:18
and they are femaležensko.
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in so ženske.
09:21
You know, for everyvsak womanženska who does dieumreti,
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Veste, za vsako žensko, ki umre,
09:23
there are 20 who survivepreživeti
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je 20 takih, ki preživijo,
09:25
but endkonec up with an injurypoškodbe.
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a so poškodovane.
09:27
And the mostnajbolj devastatinguničujoče injurypoškodbe
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In najhujša poškodba
09:29
is obstetricporodniške fistulafistule.
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je poporodna fistula.
09:31
It's a tearingtrganje duringmed obstructedovirano laborporod
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To je raztrganina med oviranim porodom,
09:33
that leaveslisti a womanženska incontinentinkontinentnim.
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zaradi katere so ženske inkontinentne.
09:36
Let me tell you about MahabubaMahabuba.
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Naj vam povem o Mahabubi.
09:38
She livesživi in EthiopiaEtiopija.
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Živi v Etiopiji.
09:40
She was marriedporočen againstproti her will at agestarost 13.
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Proti svoji volji se je morala poročiti pri trinajstih.
09:43
She got pregnantnoseča, rantekel to the bushgrm to have the babyotroka,
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Zanosila je, se skrila za grm, da je rodila,
09:46
but you know, her bodytelo was very immaturenezrelih,
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a njeno telo je bilo zelo nezrelo
09:49
and she endedkončal up havingimeti obstructedovirano laborporod.
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in porod je bil zelo težek.
09:52
The babyotroka diedumrl, and she endedkončal up with a fistulafistule.
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Otrok je umrl, ona pa je dobila fistulo.
09:55
So that meantpomeni she was incontinentinkontinentnim;
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To je pomenilo, da je bila inkontinentna
09:57
she couldn'tni mogel controlnadzor her wastesodpadki.
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in ni mogla zadržati blata in vode.
10:00
In a wordbeseda, she stankJezerce.
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Preprosto, smrdela je.
10:02
The villagersvaščani thought she was cursedpreklet; they didn't know what to do with her.
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Vaščani so mislili, da je prekleta; niso vedeli, kaj naj z njo.
10:05
So finallykončno, they put her at the edgerob of the villagevas in a hutkoča.
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Na koncu so jo poslali v barako ob robu vasi.
10:08
They rippedRaztrgal off the doorvrata
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Odtrgali so vrata,
10:10
so that the hyenashyenas would get her at night.
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da bi jo ponoči napadle hijene.
10:13
That night, there was a stickpalico in the hutkoča.
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Tisto noč je bila v koči palica.
10:16
She foughtboril off the hyenashyenas with that stickpalico.
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Z njo je Mahabuba odgnala hijene.
10:19
And the nextNaslednji morningjutro,
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Naslednje jutro je vedela,
10:21
she knewvedel if she could get to a nearbyv bližini villagevas where there was a foreigntuji missionarymisijonar,
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da bo rešena, če ji uspe priti do bližnje vasi,
10:24
she would be savedshranjeno.
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kjer je živel tuji misijonar.
10:26
Because she had some damageškoda to her nervesživci,
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Ker je imela poškodovane živce,
10:28
she crawledobiskal all the way -- 30 milesmilje --
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se je celo pot - 48 km - plazila
10:31
to that doorstepod vrat do vrat, halfpol deadmrtev.
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do tistega praga, napol mrtva.
10:34
The foreigntuji missionarymisijonar openedodprta the doorvrata,
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Tuji misijonar je odprl vrata
10:36
knewvedel exactlytočno what had happenedse je zgodilo,
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in takoj vedel, kaj se je zgodilo.
10:38
tookvzel her to a nearbyv bližini fistulafistule hospitalbolnišnica in AddisAdis AbabaAbebi,
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Odpeljal jo je v bližnjo bolnišnico v Adis Abebo,
10:41
and she was repairedpopravil
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kjer so jo pozdravili
10:43
with a 350-dollar-dollar operationdelovanje.
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z operacijo, vredno 350 dolarjev.
10:46
The doctorszdravniki and nursesmedicinske sestre there noticedopazili
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Zdravniki in sestre so opazili,
10:48
that she was not only a survivordružinske,
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da ni le preživela, ampak je bila zelo bistra.
10:50
she was really cleverpameten, and they madeizdelane her a nursemedicinska sestra.
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Usposobili so jo za medicinsko sestro.
10:53
So now, MahabubaMahabuba,
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Tako zdaj Mahabuba
10:55
she is savingvarčevanje the livesživi
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rešuje življenja
10:57
of hundredsstotine, thousandstisoče, of womenženske.
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stotin, tisočih žensk.
10:59
She has becomepostane partdel of the solutionrešitev, not the problemproblem.
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Postala je del rešitve, ne problema.
11:01
She's movedpreselil out of a viciouszačaran cyclecikel
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Premaknila se je iz začaranega kroga
11:03
and into a virtuoususpešen cyclecikel.
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v uspešen krog.
11:05
I've talkedgovoril about some of the challengesizzivi,
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Govorila sem o nekaterih izzivih,
11:08
let me talk about some of the solutionsrešitve,
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naj vam povem še o nekaterih rešitvah,
11:10
and there are predictablepredvidljiv solutionsrešitve.
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saj obstajajo predvidljive rešitve.
11:13
I've hintednamignil at them: educationizobraževanje
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Kot sem že namignila: izobrazba
11:15
and alsotudi economicgospodarsko opportunitypriložnost.
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in tudi gospodarske priložnosti.
11:18
So of courseseveda, when you educateizobraževati a girlpunca,
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Seveda, če izobraziš dekle,
11:21
she tendstežava to get marriedporočen laterpozneje on in life,
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se običajno poroči kasneje v življenju,
11:24
she tendstežava to have kidsotroci laterpozneje on in life, she tendstežava to have fewermanj kidsotroci,
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ima kasneje otroke, ima manj otrok
11:27
and those kidsotroci that she does have,
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in tiste otroke, ki jih ima,
11:29
she educatesizobražuje them in a more enlightenedrazsvetljeni fashionmoda.
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izobrazi na bolj razsvetljen način.
11:31
With economicgospodarsko opportunitypriložnost,
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Z gospodarsko priložnostjo
11:33
it can be transformativeprirejena.
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to lahko povzroči spremembe.
11:35
Let me tell you about SaimaMiha.
279
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Naj vam povem o Saimi.
11:37
She livesživi in a smallmajhna villagevas outsidezunaj LahoreLahore, PakistanPakistan.
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Živi v vasici blizu Lahoreja v Pakistanu.
11:41
And at the time, she was miserablenesrečen.
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Nekoč je bila obupana.
11:43
She was beatenpretepen everyvsak singlesamski day
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Njen mož, ki je bil brez zaposlitve,
11:45
by her husbandmož, who was unemployedbrezposelni.
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jo je vsak dan pretepel.
11:47
He was kindvrste of a gamblerkockar typetip -- and unemployablenezaposliv, thereforezato --
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Bil je hazarder - zato ni dobil zaposlitve -
11:50
and tookvzel his frustrationsfrustracije out on her.
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in svoje frustracije je znašal nad njo.
11:52
Well, when she had her seconddrugič daughterhči,
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No, ko se je rodila njuna druga hči,
11:54
her mothermama in-lawv praksi told her sonsin,
287
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je njena tašča rekla svojemu sinu:
11:57
"I think you'dTi bi better get a seconddrugič wifežena.
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''Mislim, da bo bolje, če si najdeš drugo ženo.
11:59
Saima'sMiha je not going to produceproizvajajo you a sonsin."
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Saima ti ne bo dala sina.''
12:03
This is when she had her seconddrugič daughterhči.
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To je bilo, ko se je rodila druga hči.
12:05
At the time, there was
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Takrat je bila v vasi skupina,
12:07
a microlendingMicrolending groupskupina in the villagevas
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ki je posojala majhne zneske
12:09
that gavedala her a 65-dollar-dollar loanposojilo.
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in ji dala 65 dolarjev vredno posojilo.
12:12
SaimaMiha tookvzel that moneydenar,
294
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Saima je vzela denar
12:15
and she startedzačel an embroideryvezenje businessposlovanje.
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in se lotila posla z vezenjem.
12:18
The merchantstrgovci likedVšeč mi je her embroideryvezenje; it soldprodano very well,
296
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Vezenine so se dobro prodajale
12:20
and they kepthranijo askingsprašujem for more.
297
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in trgovci so jih želeli vedno več.
12:22
And when she couldn'tni mogel produceproizvajajo enoughdovolj,
298
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Ko jih sama ni zmogla izdelati dovolj,
12:24
she hirednajel other womenženske in the villagevas.
299
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je zaposlila druge ženske iz vasi.
12:26
Prettylepo soonkmalu she had 30 womenženske in the villagevas
300
731000
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Kaj kmalu je 30 žensk iz vasi
12:29
workingdelo for her embroideryvezenje businessposlovanje.
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delalo zanjo.
12:31
And then,
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Potem ko je bilo treba
12:33
when she had to transportprevoz all of the embroideryvezenje goodsblago
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738000
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prepeljati vezenine
12:36
from the villagevas to the marketplacetrg,
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iz vasi do tržnice,
12:38
she neededpotrebno someonenekdo to help her do the transportprevoz,
305
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je potrebovala nekoga, ki ji bo pomagal,
12:40
so she hirednajel her husbandmož.
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zato je zaposlila moža.
12:42
So now they're in it togetherskupaj.
307
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Zdaj sta torej skupaj v tem.
12:44
He does the transportationprevoz and distributiondistribucija,
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749000
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On skrbi za prevoz in prodajo,
12:46
and she does the productionproizvodnjo and sourcingnabavi.
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ona za proizvodnjo in vire.
12:48
And now they have a thirdtretjino daughterhči,
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Rodila se jima je še tretja hči
12:51
and the daughtershčere, all of them, are beingbiti tutoredTutorka in educationizobraževanje
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in vse tri se izobražujejo,
12:54
because SaimaMiha knowsve what's really importantpomembno.
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saj Saima ve, kaj je zares pomembno.
12:57
WhichKi bringsprinaša me to the finalkončno elementelement, whichki is educationizobraževanje.
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S tem pridemo do zadnjega elementa - izobrazbe.
13:01
LarryLarry SummersPoletja, when he was chiefšef economistekonomist at the WorldSvet BankBanka,
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Ko je bil glavni ekonomist pri Svetovni banki,
13:04
onceenkrat said that, "It maylahko well be
315
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je Larry Summers enkrat rekel: ''Možno je,
13:07
that the highestnajvišji returnvrnitev on investmentnaložbe
316
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da se največji donos pri vlaganju
13:09
in the developingrazvoj worldsvet
317
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v države v razvoju
13:11
is in girls'dekleta " educationizobraževanje."
318
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skriva v izobraževanju deklet.''
13:14
Let me tell you about BeatriceBeatrice BiiraBiira.
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Naj vam povem o Beatrice Biira.
13:16
BeatriceBeatrice was livingživeti in UgandaUganda
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Beatrice je živela v Ugandi,
13:19
nearblizu the CongoKongo bordermeja,
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blizu meje s Kongom
13:21
and like DaiDai ManjuAndrej, she didn't go to schoolšola.
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in tako kot Dai Manju ni hodila v šolo.
13:23
ActuallyDejansko, she had never been to schoolšola,
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Pravzaprav ni bila nikoli v šoli,
13:26
not to a lickLizati, one day.
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niti en sam dan.
13:28
Her parentsstarši, again, said,
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Tudi njeni starši so rekli:
13:30
"Why should we spendporabiti the moneydenar on her?
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''Zakaj bi zapravljali denar zanjo?
13:32
She's going to spendporabiti mostnajbolj of her life lugginglugging watervoda back and forthnaprej."
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Večino življenja bo nosila vodo sem in tja.''
13:35
Well, it just so happensse zgodi, at that time,
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No, slučajno je prav takrat
13:38
there was a groupskupina in ConnecticutConnecticut
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v Connecticutu obstajala skupina,
13:41
calledpozval the NianticNiantic CommunitySkupnosti ChurchCerkev GroupSkupina in ConnecticutConnecticut.
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ki se je imenovala Niantic Community Church Group.
13:44
They madeizdelane a donationdarovanje to an organizationorganizacija
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Dali so donacijo
13:46
basedtemelji in ArkansasArkansas
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organizaciji Heifer International,
13:48
calledpozval HeiferTelica InternationalInternational.
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ki ima sedež v Arkansasu .
13:50
HeiferTelica sentposlano two goatskoze to AfricaAfrika.
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Heifer je v Afriko poslal dve kozi.
13:53
One of them endedkončal up with Beatrice'sOsebe Beatrice parentsstarši,
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Eno so dobili Beatricini starši.
13:56
and that goatkoza had twinsdvojčka.
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Koza je imela dvojčke.
13:58
The twinsdvojčka startedzačel producingproizvajajo milkmleko.
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Dvojčici sta začeli proizvajati mleko.
14:00
They soldprodano the milkmleko for cashdenar.
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Mleko so prodali.
14:02
The cashdenar startedzačel accumulatingkopičijo,
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Denar se je začel nabirati
14:04
and prettylepa soonkmalu the parentsstarši said,
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in kmalu so starši rekli:
14:06
"You know, we'vesmo got enoughdovolj moneydenar. Let's sendpošlji BeatriceBeatrice to schoolšola."
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''Denarja je dovolj. Pošljimo Beatrice v šolo.''
14:09
So at ninedevet yearslet of agestarost,
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Tako je šla Beatrice
14:11
BeatriceBeatrice startedzačel in first graderazred --
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pri devetih letih v prvi razred -
14:13
after all, she'dona bi never been to a lickLizati of schoolšola --
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konec koncev, prej ni bila nikoli v šoli -
14:15
with a sixšest year-oldletni.
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skupaj s šestletniki.
14:17
No matterzadevo, she was just delightedvesel to be in schoolšola.
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A vseeno je bila presrečna, da je bila v šoli.
14:19
She rocketedpovzpele to the topna vrh of her classrazred.
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Hitro je postala najboljša v razredu.
14:21
She stayedostala at the topna vrh of her classrazred
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Ostala je najboljša v razredu
14:24
throughskozi elementaryosnovno schoolšola, middlesredi schoolšola,
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skozi celo osnovno šolo
14:26
and then in highvisoko schoolšola,
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in kasneje v srednji šoli.
14:28
she scoreddosegel brilliantlybriljantno on the nationalnacionalno examinationspregledi
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Dosegla je izvrstne rezultate na državnih izpitih
14:31
so that she becamepostati the first personoseba in her villagevas,
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in postala prva oseba iz svoje vasi,
14:34
ever, to come to the UnitedVelika StatesDržave
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ki je kadarkoli dobila štipendijo
14:36
on scholarshipštipendijo.
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za študij v ZDA.
14:38
Two yearslet agonazaj,
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Dve leti nazaj
14:40
she graduateddiplomiral from ConnecticutConnecticut CollegeKolegij.
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je diplomirala na Connecticut kolidžu.
14:43
On the day of her graduationdiplomi,
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Na dan, ko je prejela diplomo,
14:45
she said, "I am the luckiestNajsrečnejši girlpunca aliveživ
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je rekla: ''Sem najsrečnejše dekle na svetu
14:48
because of a goatkoza."
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zaradi koze.''
14:50
(LaughterSmeh)
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(smeh)
14:52
And that goatkoza was $120.
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In tista koza je stala 120 dolarjev.
14:54
So you see how transformativeprirejena
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Tako vidite, kakšno spremembo lahko povzročijo
14:57
little bitsbitov of help can be.
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majhni delčki pomoči.
14:59
But I want to give you a realityrealnost checkpreveri.
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A vrnimo se k realnosti.
15:02
Look: U.S. aidpomoč, helpingpomoč people is not easyenostavno,
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USAID je Agencija za mednarodno pomoč, a pomagati ni enostavno.
15:05
and there have been booksknjige that have criticizedkritizirali U.S. aidpomoč.
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Obstajajo knjige, ki kritizirajo USAID.
15:08
There's BillBill Easterly'sNa vzhodni bookknjigo.
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Bill Easterly je napisal eno.
15:10
There's a bookknjigo calledpozval "DeadMrtvih AidPomoč."
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Obstaja knjiga ''Dead Aid'' (Mrtva pomoč).
15:12
You know, the criticismkritike is fairpošteno;
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Veste, kritike so poštene,
15:14
it isn't easyenostavno.
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ni enostavno.
15:16
You know, people say how
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Veste, ljudje rečejo,
15:18
halfpol of all watervoda well projectsprojektov, a yearleto laterpozneje, are failedni uspelo.
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kako je polovica projektov gradnje vodnjakov propadla.
15:20
When I was in ZimbabweZimbabve,
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Ko sem bila v Zimbabveju,
15:22
we were touringpotovanje a placemesto with the villagevas chiefšef --
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smo si ogledovali vas z lokalnim poglavarjem,
15:24
he wanted to raisedvigni moneydenar for a secondarysekundarno schoolšola --
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ki je hotel zbrati denar za srednjo šolo.
15:27
and there was some constructionGradnja a fewmalo yardsdvorišča away,
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V bližini smo opazili gradbišče.
15:29
and I said, "What's that?"
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Vprašala sem: ''Kaj je to?''
15:31
He sortRazvrsti of mumbledzamrmral.
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V odgovor je nekaj zamomljal.
15:33
TurnsIzvijač out that it's a failedni uspelo irrigationnamakanje projectprojekt.
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Izkazalo se je, da gre za propadel projekt za namakanje.
15:35
A fewmalo yardsdvorišča away was a failedni uspelo chickenpiščanec coopcoop.
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Nekaj metrov stran je bil propadel kurnik.
15:38
One yearleto, all the chickenspiščanci diedumrl, and no one wanted to put the chickenspiščanci in there.
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Eno leto so kokoši pomrle in nihče jih ni hotel več naseliti tja.
15:41
It's trueresnično, but we think that you don't throughskozi the babyotroka out with the bathwatervoda za kopanje;
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Menimo, da zaradi tega ne smemo zavreči vseh projektov,
15:44
you actuallydejansko improveizboljšati.
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ampak se moramo izboljšati.
15:46
You learnučiti se from your mistakesnapake, and you continuouslystalno improveizboljšati.
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Učimo se na napakah in se nenehno izboljšujemo.
15:49
We alsotudi think that individualsposamezniki
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Mislimo tudi, da lahko posamezniki
15:51
can make a differenceRazlika, and they should,
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veliko spremenijo, in morali bi,
15:54
because individualsposamezniki, togetherskupaj,
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saj lahko posamezniki
15:56
we can all help createustvarite a movementpremikanje.
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ustvarimo gibanje.
15:59
And a movementpremikanje of menmoški and womenženske
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Gibanje moških in žensk
16:01
is what's neededpotrebno to bringprinesi about socialsocialno changesprememba,
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je potrebno za družbene spremembe,
16:03
changesprememba that will addressnaslov
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ki se bodo lotile
16:06
this great moralmoralno challengeizziv.
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tega velikega moralnega izziva.
16:08
So then, I askvprašajte,
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Tako, vprašanje je,
16:11
what's in it for you?
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kaj to prinaša vam?
16:13
You're probablyverjetno askingsprašujem that. Why should you carenego?
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Verjetno se sprašujete, zakaj bi vas brigalo.
16:16
I will just leavedopust you with two things.
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Povedala bom samo dve stvari.
16:18
One is that researchraziskave showskaže
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Prva je ta, da so raziskave pokazale,
16:21
that onceenkrat you have
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da ko poskrbimo
16:23
all of your materialmaterial needspotrebe takensprejeti carenego of --
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za vse svoje materialne potrebe -
16:26
whichki mostnajbolj of us, all of us, here in this roomsoba do --
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kar velja za vse nas v tej sobi -
16:29
researchraziskave showskaže that
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raziskave so torej pokazale,
16:31
there are very fewmalo things in life
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da je zelo malo reči v življenju,
16:33
that can actuallydejansko elevatedvigni your levelravni of happinesssreča.
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ki lahko dejansko dvignejo naš nivo sreče.
16:36
One of those things
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Ena teh reči je prispevanje k cilju,
16:38
is contributingprispevajo to a causevzrok largervečje than yourselfsami.
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večjemu od sebe.
16:43
And the seconddrugič thing,
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Druga stvar je anekdota,
16:45
it's an anecdoteanekdota that I'll leavedopust you with.
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s katero bom zaključila.
16:47
And that is the storyzgodba
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To je zgodba
16:49
of an aidpomoč workerdelavec in DarfurDarfur.
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humanitarne delavke v Darfurju.
16:52
Here was a womanženska
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Ta ženska je delala v Darfurju
16:54
who had workeddelal in DarfurDarfur,
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in videla stvari,
16:56
seeingvidenje things that no humančlovek beingbiti should see.
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ki jih nobeno človeško bitje ne bi smelo videti.
17:00
ThroughoutPo vsej her time there,
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Med tamkajšnjim bivanjem
17:02
she was strongmočno, she was steadfasttrdno.
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je bila močna, neomajna.
17:05
She never brokezlomil down.
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Ni se zlomila.
17:08
And then she cameprišel back to the UnitedVelika StatesDržave
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Nato se je vrnila v ZDA.
17:10
and was on breakodmor, ChristmasBožič breakodmor.
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Bilo je v času božičnih počitnic.
17:12
She was in her grandmother'sbabica je backyarddvorišče,
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Stala je na dvorišču svoje babice
17:15
and she saw something that madeizdelane her breakodmor down in tearssolze.
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in videla nekaj, kar jo je spravilo v jok.
17:19
What that was
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Videla je
17:21
was a birdptica feederpodajalnik.
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ptičjo hranilnico.
17:24
And she realizedrealiziran that she had the great fortunesreča
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Spoznala je, da ima veliko srečo,
17:27
to be bornRojen in a countrydržava
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da se je rodila v državi,
17:29
where we take securityvarnost for grantedodobreno,
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kjer je varnost samoumevna,
17:32
where we not only can feedkrmo, clotheobleko
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kjer lahko prehranjujemo, oblačimo
17:34
and househiša ourselvessami,
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in nastanimo ne samo sebe,
17:37
but alsotudi providezagotoviti for wilddivji birdsptice
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ampak poskrbimo tudi za divje ptice,
17:40
so they don't go hungrylačen in the winterzima.
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da niso lačne med hudo zimo.
17:44
And she realizedrealiziran that with that great fortunesreča
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In spoznala je, da velika sreča
17:47
comesprihaja great responsibilityodgovornost.
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prinaša tudi veliko odgovornost.
17:50
And so, like her,
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Tako kot ona,
17:53
you, me,
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smo tudi vi in jaz
17:55
we have all wonzmagal the lotteryloterija of life.
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zadeli na loteriji življenja.
17:58
And so the questionvprašanje becomespostane:
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In tako se postavi vprašanje:
18:00
how do we dischargeRazrešnica that responsibilityodgovornost?
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Kako naj prevzamemo odgovornost?
18:03
So, here'sTukaj je the causevzrok.
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Tako, to je naš namen.
18:05
JoinPridružite se the movementpremikanje.
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Pridružite se gibanju.
18:07
Feel happiersrečnejši and help saveshranite the worldsvet.
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Bodite srečnejši in pomagajte rešiti svet.
18:10
Thank you very much.
439
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Najlepša hvala.
18:12
(ApplauseAplavz)
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(aplavz)
Translated by Špela Reher
Reviewed by Snežana Stone

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sheryl WuDunn - Author, journalist
As a journalist reporting on China, Sheryl WuDunn saw the everyday oppression of women around the world. She and Nick Kristof wrote "Half the Sky," chronicling women's stories of horror and, especially, hope.

Why you should listen

Sheryl WuDunn and her husband, Nick Kristof, won a Pulitzer for their New York Times coverage of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests. Their joint reporting work in China and other developing nations convinced them both that, just as slavery was the moral issue of the 19th century, sex trafficking, gender-based violence and other abuses make women's rights the moral issue of the 21st.

In their book Half the Sky: Turning Oppression into Opportunity for Women Worldwide, WuDunn and Kristof make the case for empowering women as a means of development. Women tend to spend more on education, nutrition and business, the economic engines of growth in a community. And if we can find ways to develop the untapped potential of the millions of women who are now left uneducated, denied basic rights, oppressed and threatened -- we'll turn on a firehose of economic power that could transform the developing world.

More profile about the speaker
Sheryl WuDunn | Speaker | TED.com