TEDGlobal 2012
Andrew Blum: Discover the physical side of the internet
Endru Blum (Andrew Blum): Šta je u stvari internet?
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Kada mu je veverica progrizla kabl i tako ga isključila, novinar Endru Blum je počeo da se pita šta je to, u stvari, internet? Tako je krenuo da to otkrije - podzemne kablove, tajne prekidače i ostale fizičke deliće koji čine mrežu.
Andrew Blum - Network author
For his new book, "Tubes," Andrew Blum visited the places where the internet exists in physical form: the cables and switches and servers that virtually connect us. Full bio
For his new book, "Tubes," Andrew Blum visited the places where the internet exists in physical form: the cables and switches and servers that virtually connect us. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
I've always written primarily about architecture,
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Oduvek uglavnom pišem o arhitekturi,
00:18
about buildings, and writing about architecture
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o zgradama i pisanje o arhitekturi
00:21
is based on certain assumptions.
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se zasniva na određenim pretpostavkama.
00:24
An architect designs a building, and it becomes a place,
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Arhitekta projektuje zgradu
i ona postane mesto
i ona postane mesto
00:26
or many architects design many buildings, and it becomes
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ili kad mnogo arhitekata projektuje
mnogo zgrada, nastane
mnogo zgrada, nastane
00:28
a city, and regardless of this complicated mix of forces
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grad i bez obzira na ovu komplikovanu mešavinu
00:32
of politics and culture and economics that shapes
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političkih, kulturoloških
i ekonomskih sila koje oblikuju
i ekonomskih sila koje oblikuju
00:34
these places, at the end of the day, you can go
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ova mesta, na kraju vi možete da odete
00:37
and you can visit them. You can walk around them.
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i posetite ih. Možete da se šetate između njih.
00:40
You can smell them. You can get a feel for them.
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Možete da ih omirišete.
Da osetite.
Da osetite.
00:41
You can experience their sense of place.
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Možete da iskusite njihovo postojanje.
00:45
But what was striking to me over the last several years
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Ono što me je zainteresovalo
poslednjih nekoliko godina
poslednjih nekoliko godina
00:47
was that less and less was I going out into the world,
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je da kako sve manje izlazim napolje u svet,
00:51
and more and more, I was sitting in front of my computer screen.
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sve više i više provodim vremena
pred ekranom kompjutera.
pred ekranom kompjutera.
00:54
And especially since about 2007, when I got an iPhone,
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Posebno pošto sam 2007. godine
nabavio iPhone,
nabavio iPhone,
00:58
I was not only sitting in front of my screen all day,
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nisam samo sedeo
pred ekranom po ceo dan,
pred ekranom po ceo dan,
01:00
but I was also getting up at the end of the day
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nego kad bih pred kraj dana ustao,
01:02
and looking at this little screen that I carried in my pocket.
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gledao sam u ovaj mali ekran
koji sam nosio u džepu.
koji sam nosio u džepu.
01:06
And what was surprising to me was how quickly
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Ono što me je veoma iznenadilo je kako se brzo
01:08
my relationship to the physical world had changed.
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moja veza sa fizičkim svetom promenila.
01:11
In this very short period of time, you know, whether you
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U ovom veoma kratkom periodu, bez obzira
01:13
call it the last 15 years or so of being online, or the last,
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da li je to biti onlajn
15 godina ili
15 godina ili
01:17
you know, four or five years of being online all the time,
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sve vreme biti onlajn
četiri ili pet godina,
četiri ili pet godina,
01:19
our relationship to our surroundings had changed in that
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naš odnos prema našem okruženju
se promenio tako
se promenio tako
01:23
our attention is constantly divided. You know,
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da je naša pažnja stalno podeljena.
01:24
we're both looking inside the screens and we're looking
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Mi gledamo i u ekrane
01:27
out in the world around us.
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i u spoljni svet oko nas.
01:29
And what was even more striking to me, and what I really
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Ono što je ostavilo još veći utisak
na mene i na šta sam se zaista
na mene i na šta sam se zaista
01:31
got hung up on, was that the world inside the screen
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navukao, je ideja da svet u ekranu
01:34
seemed to have no physical reality of its own.
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izgleda nije imao
sopstvenu fizičku pojavu.
sopstvenu fizičku pojavu.
01:38
If you went and looked for images of the Internet,
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Ako potražite slike interneta
01:41
this was all that you found, this famous image by Opte
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sve što ćete naći je ova
Opteova slavna slika interneta
Opteova slavna slika interneta
01:44
of the Internet as the kind of Milky Way, this infinite expanse
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gde je predstavljen kao Mlečni put,
ovaj bezgranični prostor
ovaj bezgranični prostor
01:47
where we don't seem to be anywhere on it.
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gde jednostavno nema nas.
01:49
We can never seem to grasp it in its totality.
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Izgleda da to nikada
nećemo potpuno razumeti.
nećemo potpuno razumeti.
01:52
It's always reminded me of the Apollo image of the Earth,
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To me stalno podseća
na sliku Zemlje sa Apoloa,
na sliku Zemlje sa Apoloa,
01:55
the blue marble picture, and it's similarly meant to suggest,
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slika plavog klikera
i ta sličnost kao da upućuje
i ta sličnost kao da upućuje
01:58
I think, that we can't really understand it as a whole.
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na to da nikada nećemo
razumeti internet kao celinu.
razumeti internet kao celinu.
02:01
We're always sort of small in the face of its expanse.
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Mi smo nekako veoma mali
u odnosu na prostor koji zauzima.
u odnosu na prostor koji zauzima.
02:04
So if there was this world and this screen, and if there was
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Ako imamo taj svet i taj ekran i ako postoji
02:08
the physical world around me, I couldn't ever get them
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taj fizički svet oko mene,
nikada ne bih mogao
nikada ne bih mogao
02:11
together in the same place.
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da ih povežem na jednom mestu.
02:14
And then this happened.
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A onda se dogodilo ovo.
02:17
My Internet broke one day, as it occasionally does,
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Jednog dana mi je pukao internet,
kao što to ponekad biva
kao što to ponekad biva
02:19
and the cable guy came to fix it, and he started with
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i momak iz kablovske je došao
da ga popravi i počeo je
da ga popravi i počeo je
02:22
the dusty clump of cables behind the couch,
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prvo među prašnjavom gomilom kablova iza kauča,
02:24
and he followed it to the front of my building and into the basement and out to the back yard,
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da bi nastavio do lica moje zgrade,
u podrumu i na kraju u dvorištu iza
u podrumu i na kraju u dvorištu iza
02:28
and there was this big jumble of cables against the wall.
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i tamo je bila ta velika
zbrka kablova naslonjena na zid.
zbrka kablova naslonjena na zid.
02:30
And then he saw a squirrel running along the wire,
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A onda je video vevericu
kako trči uz žicu,
kako trči uz žicu,
02:33
and he said, "There's your problem.
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i rekao je: "Evo ga vaš problem.
02:36
A squirrel is chewing on your Internet." (Laughter)
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Veverica vam gricka internet."
(Smeh)
(Smeh)
02:40
And this seemed astounding. The Internet is
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Ovo se činilo neverovatnim.
Internet je tako
Internet je tako
02:43
a transcendent idea. It's a set of protocols that has changed
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transcendentna ideja. To je set protokola
koji je promenio
koji je promenio
02:47
everything from shopping to dating to revolutions.
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sve od kupovine preko druženja do revolucija.
02:50
It was unequivocally not something
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To definitivno nije nešto
02:53
a squirrel could chew on. (Laughter)
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što bi veverica mogla da sažvaće.
(Smeh)
(Smeh)
02:56
But that in fact seemed to be the case.
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Ali, sve je ukazivalo na to da jeste tako.
02:58
A squirrel had in fact chewed on my Internet. (Laughter)
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Veverica je zaista grickala moj internet.
(Smeh)
(Smeh)
03:01
And then I got this image in my head of what would happen
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I onda mi se javila slika, šta bi se desilo
03:03
if you yanked the wire from the wall and if you started
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kada bi izvukao žicu iz zida i počeo
03:06
to follow it. Where would it go?
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da je pratiš.
Kuda bi te vodila?
Kuda bi te vodila?
03:07
Was the Internet actually a place that you could visit?
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Da li je internet u stvari mesto
koje biste mogli da posetite?
koje biste mogli da posetite?
03:11
Could I go there? Who would I meet?
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Da li bih i ja mogao tamo?
Koga bih sreo?
Koga bih sreo?
03:12
You know, was there something actually out there?
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Da li tamo zaista ima nečega?
03:15
And the answer, by all accounts, was no.
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Odgovor je, po svim tačkama, ne.
03:18
This was the Internet, this black box with a red light on it,
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Ovo je internet, ova crna kutija
sa crvenom lampicom,
sa crvenom lampicom,
03:21
as represented in the sitcom "The IT Crowd."
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kao što je predstavljeno
u humorističkoj seriji "The IT Crowd".
u humorističkoj seriji "The IT Crowd".
03:25
Normally it lives on the top of Big Ben,
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Obično, živi na vrhu Big Bena
03:28
because that's where you get the best reception,
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jer je tamo najbolji prijem signala,
03:31
but they had negotiated that their colleague could borrow it
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ali uspeli su da srede
da ga njihova koleginica pozajmi
da ga njihova koleginica pozajmi
03:35
for the afternoon to use in an office presentation.
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za to popodne i iskoristi
u prezentaciji na poslu.
u prezentaciji na poslu.
03:38
The elders of the Internet were willing to part with it
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Internetsko Veće staraca
je bilo voljno da im udovolji
je bilo voljno da im udovolji
03:40
for a short while, and she looks at it and she says,
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nakratko i onda je ona,
gledajući u tu kutiju rekla:
gledajući u tu kutiju rekla:
03:43
"This is the Internet? The whole Internet? Is it heavy?"
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"Ovo je internet? Ceo internet? Je li težak?"
03:46
They say, "Of course not, the Internet doesn't weigh anything."
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Oni odgovaraju: "Naravno da nije,
internet nema težinu".
internet nema težinu".
03:50
And I was embarrassed. I was looking for this thing
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Bilo mi je neprijatno.
Tražio sam nešto
Tražio sam nešto
03:53
that only fools seem to look for.
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za čim izgleda samo budale tragaju.
03:55
The Internet was that amorphous blob, or it was a silly
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Internet je ta neka bestelesna masa
ili zaista samo
ili zaista samo
03:58
black box with a blinking red light on it.
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blesava crna kutija
sa crvenom lampicom koja treperi.
sa crvenom lampicom koja treperi.
04:00
It wasn't a real world out there.
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To tamo nije bio stvarni svet.
04:02
But, in fact, it is. There is a real world of the Internet out there,
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Ali, u stvari, jeste. Tamo negde
postoji stvarni svet interneta
postoji stvarni svet interneta
04:06
and that's what I spent about two years visiting,
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i tamo sam proveo oko dve godine,
04:07
these places of the Internet. I was in large data centers
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na internet mestima. Bio sam
u velikim centrima podataka
u velikim centrima podataka
04:11
that use as much power as the cities in which they sit,
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koji koriste energiju koliko
i oveći gradovi u kojima se nalaze
i oveći gradovi u kojima se nalaze
04:14
and I visited places like this, 60 Hudson Street in New York,
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i posetio sam mesto poput ovog,
u ulici Hadson broj 60 u Njujorku,
u ulici Hadson broj 60 u Njujorku,
04:17
which is one of the buildings in the world,
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što je adresa jedne od zgrada na svetu,
04:18
one of a very short list of buildings, about a dozen buildings,
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jedne od malog broja zgrada,
oko tuce zgrada,
oko tuce zgrada,
04:21
where more networks of the Internet connect to each other
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gde se sastaje i spaja
više internetskih mreža
više internetskih mreža
04:24
than anywhere else.
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nego bilo gde na svetu.
04:25
And that connection is an unequivocally physical process.
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Taj spoj je nepobitno fizički proces.
04:28
It's about the router of one network, a Facebook or
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Tu se ruter jedne mreže,
recimo Fejsbuka ili
recimo Fejsbuka ili
04:30
a Google or a B.T. or a Comcast or a Time Warner, whatever it is,
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Gugla ili B.T.-a ili Comcasta
ili Time Warnera, bilo šta da je,
ili Time Warnera, bilo šta da je,
04:33
connecting with usually a yellow fiber optic cable up into
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spaja sa uobičajeno žutim optičkim kablom
04:36
the ceiling and down into the router of another network,
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na tavanici i dole u ruter neke druge mreže
04:39
and that's unequivocally physical, and it's surprisingly intimate.
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i to je nepobitno fizička manifestacija
koja je iznenađujuće intimna.
koja je iznenađujuće intimna.
04:43
A building like 60 Hudson, and a dozen or so others,
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Ova zgrada nalik zgradi Hadson 60
i desetku drugih zgrada,
i desetku drugih zgrada,
04:46
has 10 times more networks connecting within it
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ima 10 puta više mreža koje se u njoj spajaju
04:49
than the next tier of buildings.
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nego celi sledeći niz zgrada.
04:50
There's a very short list of these places.
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Lista ovih zgrada je jako kratka.
04:52
And 60 Hudson in particular is interesting because it's home
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A ova zgrada na Hadsonu
je interesantna jer udomljava
je interesantna jer udomljava
04:55
to about a half a dozen very important networks,
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oko šest vrlo važnih mreža,
04:58
which are the networks which serve the undersea cables
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koje su nakačene na podvodne kablove
05:00
that travel underneath the ocean
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koji putuju ispod okeana,
05:03
that connect Europe and America and connect all of us.
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koji povezuje Evropu i Ameriku i sve nas.
05:05
And it's those cables in particular that I want to focus on.
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To su kablovi na koje posebno hoću da se osvrnem.
05:08
If the Internet is a global phenomenon, if we live
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Ako je internet globalni fenomen, a mi živimo
05:12
in a global village, it's because there are cables underneath
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u globalnom selu, to je zbog toga
što postoje ti kablovi ispod
što postoje ti kablovi ispod
05:15
the ocean, cables like this.
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okeana, kablovi poput ovih.
05:17
And in this dimension, they are incredibly small.
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U ovoj dimenziji oni su veoma mali.
05:20
You can you hold them in your hand. They're like a garden hose.
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Možete ih držati u ruci.
Nisu veći od baštenskog creva.
Nisu veći od baštenskog creva.
05:23
But in the other dimension they are incredibly expansive,
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Ali u drugoj dimenziji oni su veoma ekspanzivni
05:27
as expansive as you can imagine.
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i rastežu se koliko god
možete da zamislite.
možete da zamislite.
05:28
They stretch across the ocean. They're three or five
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Rastežu se preko celog okeana.
Dugi su 5 ili 8
Dugi su 5 ili 8
05:31
or eight thousand miles in length, and
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hiljada kilometara i ako su
05:34
if the material science and the computational technology
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nauka i računarska tehnologija iza toga
05:36
is incredibly complicated, the basic physical process
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vrlo komplikovane,
osnovni fizički proces iza toga je
osnovni fizički proces iza toga je
05:40
is shockingly simple. Light goes in on one end of the ocean
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vrlo jednostavan. Svetlo uđe
na jednom kraju okeana
na jednom kraju okeana
05:43
and comes out on the other, and it usually comes
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i izađe na drugom i obično dolazi
05:47
from a building called a landing station that's often
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iz zgrade koja se zova "dolazna stanica", obično
05:49
tucked away inconspicuously in a little seaside neighborhood,
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je ušuškana negde kraj obale
05:52
and there are amplifiers that sit on the ocean floor
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i postoje pojačivači koji su na okeanskom dnu
05:55
that look kind of like bluefin tuna, and every 50 miles
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koji izgledaju malo poput tune i na svakih 80 km,
05:58
they amplify the signal, and since the rate of transmission
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oni pojačavaju signal.
Pošto je brzina signala
Pošto je brzina signala
06:01
is incredibly fast, the basic unit is a 10-gigabit-per-second
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veoma velika, osnovna jedinica je
10 gigabita u sekundi
10 gigabita u sekundi
06:04
wavelength of light, maybe a thousand times your own
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što je verovatno bar hiljadu puta brže
od vaše konekcije kod kuće,
od vaše konekcije kod kuće,
06:07
connection, or capable of carrying 10,000 video streams,
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a što može da nosi 10 000 video strimova,
06:10
but not only that, but you'll put not just one wavelength of light
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ali ne samo to, tu ne ide
samo jedan svetlosni talas
samo jedan svetlosni talas
06:13
through one of the fibers, but you'll put maybe
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kroz jedno vlakno,
već ćete staviti verovatno
već ćete staviti verovatno
06:16
50 or 60 or 70 different wavelengths or colors of light
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50 ili 60 ili 70 različitih
talasnih dužina ili boja svetlosti
talasnih dužina ili boja svetlosti
06:19
through a single fiber, and then you'll have maybe
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kroz jedno jedino vlakno i imaćete verovatno
06:22
eight fibers in a cable, four going in each direction.
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osam vlakana u jednom kablu,
po četiri u oba smera.
po četiri u oba smera.
06:25
And they're tiny. They're the thickness of a hair.
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Oni su sićušni.
Nisu deblji od dlake.
Nisu deblji od dlake.
06:28
And then they connect to the continent somewhere.
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Onda se oni spoje negde na kontinentu.
06:30
They connect in a manhole like this. Literally,
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Spoje se u šahtu poput ovog.
Bukvalno,
Bukvalno,
06:33
this is where the 5,000-mile cable plugs in.
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ovo je mesto gde se uključuje
kabl dugačak 8 000 km.
kabl dugačak 8 000 km.
06:36
This is in Halifax, a cable that stretches from Halifax to Ireland.
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Ovo je u Halifaksu, kabl
koji se proteže od Halifaksa do Irske.
koji se proteže od Halifaksa do Irske.
06:40
And the landscape is changing. Three years ago,
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I sam pejsaž se menja.
Pre tri godine,
Pre tri godine,
06:43
when I started thinking about this, there was one cable
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kada sam počeo da razmišljam o ovome,
bio je jedan kabl
bio je jedan kabl
06:45
down the Western coast of Africa, represented
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uz Zapadnu obalu Afrike,
predstavljen
predstavljen
06:48
in this map by Steve Song as that thin black line.
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na ovoj mapi Stiva Songa
u vidu te tanke crne linije.
u vidu te tanke crne linije.
06:51
Now there are six cables and more coming, three down each coast.
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Sada ima šest kablova i biće još,
po tri niz obe obale.
po tri niz obe obale.
06:56
Because once a country gets plugged in by one cable,
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Kad se jedanput zemlja uključi
sa jednim kablom,
sa jednim kablom,
06:59
they realize that it's not enough. If they're going to build
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oni shvate da to nije dovoljno.
Ako hoće da prave industriju
Ako hoće da prave industriju
07:00
an industry around it, they need to know that their connection
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oko toga, moraju da znaju da njihova veza
07:03
isn't tenuous but permanent, because if a cable breaks,
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nije slaba, već je stalna.
Ako se kabl prekine
Ako se kabl prekine
07:06
you have to send a ship out into the water, throw
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morate da šaljete brod u vodu,
07:08
a grappling hook over the side, pick it up, find the other end,
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bacite kuku, podignete ga,
pronađete drugi kraj
pronađete drugi kraj
07:11
and then fuse the two ends back together and then dump it over.
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i onda osigurate njihovu vezu
i ponovo bacite u vodu.
i ponovo bacite u vodu.
07:14
It's an intensely, intensely physical process.
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To je jako težak fizički posao.
07:18
So this is my friend Simon Cooper, who until very recently
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Ovo je moj prijatelj Simon Kuper,
koji je doskora radio
koji je doskora radio
07:23
worked for Tata Communications, the communications wing
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za Tata komunikacije,
komunikaciono krilo Tate,
komunikaciono krilo Tate,
07:25
of Tata, the big Indian industrial conglomerate.
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velikog indijskog industrijskog konglomerata.
07:28
And I've never met him. We've only communicated
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Nikad ga nisam sreo.
Samo smo komunicirali preko
Samo smo komunicirali preko
07:31
via this telepresence system, which always makes me
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sistema teleprezentacije,
koji me uvek natera
koji me uvek natera
07:35
think of him as the man inside the Internet. (Laughter)
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da mislim o njemu kao o čoveku unutar interneta.
(Smeh)
(Smeh)
07:39
And he is English. The undersea cable industry
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On je Englez. U industriji podvodnih kablova
07:42
is dominated by Englishmen, and they all seem to be 42.
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Englezi dominiraju,
izgleda da svi imaju 42 godine.
izgleda da svi imaju 42 godine.
07:46
(Laughter) Because they all started at the same time
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(Smeh)
Zato što su svi počeli u isto vreme
Zato što su svi počeli u isto vreme
07:49
with the boom about 20 years ago.
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kad i bum pre dvadesetak godina.
07:51
And Tata had gotten its start as a communications business
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Tata je počela kad i biznis u komunikacijama
07:54
when they bought two cables, one across the Atlantic
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kad su doneli dva kabla,
jedan preko Atlantika
jedan preko Atlantika
07:57
and one across the Pacific, and proceeded to add pieces
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i drugi preko Pacifika
i nastavili su da dodaju deliće
i nastavili su da dodaju deliće
08:00
onto them, until they had built a belt around the world,
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na njih, dok nisu napravili pojas oko sveta,
08:04
which means they will send your bits to the East or the West.
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što znači da će poslati vaše bitove
na istok ili zapad.
na istok ili zapad.
08:06
They have -- this is literally a beam of light around the world,
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To je bukvalno svetlosni zrak oko sveta
08:08
and if a cable breaks in the Pacific, it'll send it around
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i ako se kabl prekine na Pacifiku,
oni će ga poslati
oni će ga poslati
08:10
the other direction. And then having done that,
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u drugom pravcu.
Kad to urade
Kad to urade
08:13
they started to look for places to wire next.
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počinju da gledaju mesta koja bi još umrežili.
08:17
They looked for the unwired places, and that's meant
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Tražili bi neumrežena mesta, a to je
08:20
North and South, primarily these cables to Africa.
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sever i jug, uglavnom kablovi za Afriku.
08:23
But what amazes me is Simon's incredible geographic imagination.
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Ono što me zadivljuje je
Simonova neverovatna geografska mašta.
Simonova neverovatna geografska mašta.
08:26
He thinks about the world with this incredible expansiveness.
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On razmišlja o svetu neverovatno ekspanzivno.
08:29
And I was particularly interested because I wanted to see
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Bio sam posebno zainteresovan
jer sam želeo da vidim
jer sam želeo da vidim
08:33
one of these cables being built. See, you know, all the time
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kako se pravi jedan takav kabl.
Vidite, sve vreme
Vidite, sve vreme
08:35
online we experience these fleeting moments of connection,
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provedeno onlajn, doživljavamo
ove prolazne trenutke povezanosti,
ove prolazne trenutke povezanosti,
08:38
these sort of brief adjacencies, a tweet or a Facebook post
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nekakvu kratku bliskost,
tvit ili Fejsbvuk post
tvit ili Fejsbvuk post
08:41
or an email, and it seemed like there was a physical corollary to that.
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ili mail i deluje da postoji fizička dimenzija toga.
08:45
It seemed like there was a moment when the continent
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Delovalo je kao da je postojao momenat kada se
08:47
was being plugged in, and I wanted to see that.
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kontinent uključio i želeo sam da to vidim.
08:49
And Simon was working on a new cable,
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Simon je radio na novom kablu,
08:52
WACS, the West Africa Cable System, that stretched
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WACS, Zapadno afrički kablovski sistem,
koji se prostirao od
koji se prostirao od
08:54
from Lisbon down the west coast of Africa,
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Lisabona do zapadne obale Afrike,
08:56
to Cote d'Ivoire, to Ghana, to Nigeria, to Cameroon.
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do Obale Slonovače, Gane,
Nigerije, pa do Kameruna.
Nigerije, pa do Kameruna.
08:59
And he said there was coming soon, depending
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Rekao je da dolazi uskoro,
zavisi od vremenskih uslova,
zavisi od vremenskih uslova,
09:01
on the weather, but he'd let me know when,
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javiće mi kad
09:04
and so with about four days notice, he said to go
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i otprilike četiri dana unapred,
rekao mi je da
rekao mi je da
09:07
to this beach south of Lisbon, and a little after 9,
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odem na tu plaži južno od Lisabona
i malo posle 9
i malo posle 9
09:10
this guy will walk out of the water. (Laughter)
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ovaj momak će izaći iz vode.
(Smeh)
(Smeh)
09:13
And he'll be carrying a green nylon line, a lightweight line,
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Nosiće zelenu najlonsku nit,
laganu nit
laganu nit
09:18
called a messenger line, and that was the first link
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koja se zove linija poruka,
to je bio prvi link
to je bio prvi link
09:20
between sea and land, this link that would then be
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između mora i zemlje,
taj link će imati
taj link će imati
09:23
leveraged into this 9,000-mile path of light.
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moć nad putem svetlosti od 15 000 km.
09:27
Then a bulldozer began to pull the cable in from this
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Onda je buldozer počeo da vuče kabl iz ovog
09:29
specialized cable landing ship, and it was floated
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specijalizovanog broda za dolazne kablove i on je
09:33
on these buoys until it was in the right place.
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plutao na bovama dok nije došao na pravo mesto.
09:36
Then you can see the English engineers looking on.
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Onda možete videti pregled engleskih inženjera.
09:38
And then, once it was in the right place, he got back
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A zatim, kad je bio na pravom mestu,
on je otišao nazad u vodu
on je otišao nazad u vodu
09:41
in the water holding a big knife, and he cut each buoy off,
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držeći veliki nož, odsekao svaku bovu
09:44
and the buoy popped up into the air, and the cable
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koja je zatim odskočila u vazduh i kabl je pao
09:47
dropped to the sea floor, and he did that all the way out
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na morsko dno.
To je radio sve vreme izlaska
To je radio sve vreme izlaska
09:49
to the ship, and when he got there,
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sa broda i kad je završio
09:51
they gave him a glass of juice and a cookie,
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dali su mu čašu soka i kolač,
09:53
and then he jumped back in, and he swam back to shore,
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a zatim je ponovo skočio u vodu
i otplivao nazad na obalu
i otplivao nazad na obalu
09:55
and then he lit a cigarette. (Laughter)
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i zapalio cigaretu.
(Smeh)
(Smeh)
10:03
And then once that cable was on shore,
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Onda kad je kabl bio na obali,
10:05
they began to prepare to connect it to the other side,
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počeli su sa pripremom
povezivanja sa drugim krajem,
povezivanja sa drugim krajem,
10:09
for the cable that had been brought down from the landing station.
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sa kablom koji je donet
sa dolazne stanice.
sa dolazne stanice.
10:12
And first they got it with a hacksaw, and then they start
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Prvo sa testerom za metal,
pa su počeli da ga
pa su počeli da ga
10:15
sort of shaving away at this plastic interior with a --
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na neki način ogoljuju od plastike sa -
10:17
sort of working like chefs, and then finally they're working
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nalik kuvarima u kuhinjama,
na kraju su radili
na kraju su radili
10:20
like jewelers to get these hair-thin fibers to line up
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kao draguljari da bi dobili
ova vlakna tanka kao dlaka kose
ova vlakna tanka kao dlaka kose
10:22
with the cable that had come down,
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da bi ih poravnali sa kablom
koji je upravo spušten
koji je upravo spušten
10:24
and with this hole-punch machine they fuse it together.
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i sa ovom mašinom za varenje
ih povezali i osigurali.
ih povezali i osigurali.
10:27
And when you see these guys going at this cable with a hacksaw,
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Kad vidiš ove momke
sa ovom testerom za metal
sa ovom testerom za metal
10:30
you stop thinking about the Internet as a cloud.
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prestaješ da misliš o internetu kao o oblaku.
10:33
It starts to seem like an incredibly physical thing.
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Počinje da bude vrlo fizički.
10:37
And what surprised me as well was that as much as this
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Ono što me je takođe iznenadilo
je da ma koliko
je da ma koliko
10:39
is based on the most sophisticated technology, as much
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je to bazirano na sofisticiranoj tehnologiji,
10:42
as this is an incredibly new thing, the physical process
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ma koliko je to neverovatno nova stvar,
fizički proces
fizički proces
10:45
itself has been around for a long time, and the culture is the same.
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je tu oko nas vrlo dugo kao i njegova kultura.
10:49
You see the local laborers. You see the English engineer
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Vidite lokalne radnike.
Vidite engleskog inženjera
Vidite engleskog inženjera
10:51
giving directions in the background. And more importantly,
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koji daje uputstva u pozadini.
Još važnije,
Još važnije,
10:54
the places are the same. These cables still connect
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mesta su ista. Ovi kablovi još uvek
povezuju klasične
povezuju klasične
10:57
these classic port cities, places like Lisbon, Mombasa,
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gradove luke, mesta kao Lisabon, Mombasu,
11:00
Mumbai, Singapore, New York.
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Mumbai, Singapur, Njujork.
11:03
And then the process on shore takes around three or four days,
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Proces na obali traje tri-četiri dana,
11:07
and then, when it's done, they put the manhole cover
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a onda kad je gotov,
postavljaju poklopac na šaht
postavljaju poklopac na šaht
11:11
back on top, and they push the sand over that,
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preko toga pesak
11:14
and we all forget about it.
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i zaboravimo na to.
11:17
And it seems to me that we talk a lot about the cloud,
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Deluje mi kao da pričamo mnogo o oblaku,
11:19
but every time we put something on the cloud,
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ali svaki put kad stavimo nešto na njega,
11:21
we give up some responsibility for it.
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damo mu neku odgovornost.
11:24
We are less connected to it. We let other people worry about it.
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Manje smo povezani sa njim.
Puštamo druge ljude da brinu o tome.
Puštamo druge ljude da brinu o tome.
11:27
And that doesn't seem right.
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To nije u redu.
11:29
There's a great Neal Stephenson line where he says
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Postoji jedna rečenica Nila Stivensona
11:31
that wired people should know something about wires.
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da bi umreženi ljudi trebalo da znaju
nešto o žicama za mrežu.
nešto o žicama za mrežu.
11:35
And we should know, I think, we should know
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Mislim da bi trebalo da znamo
11:38
where our Internet comes from, and we should know
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odakle internet dolazi i treba da
11:40
what it is that physically, physically connects us all.
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znamo šta je to
što nas sve fizički povezuje.
što nas sve fizički povezuje.
11:45
Thank you. (Applause)
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Hvala vam.
(Aplauz)
(Aplauz)
11:48
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
11:50
Thanks. (Applause)
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Hvala.
(Aplauz)
(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Andrew Blum - Network authorFor his new book, "Tubes," Andrew Blum visited the places where the internet exists in physical form: the cables and switches and servers that virtually connect us.
Why you should listen
In his book Tubes: A Journey to the Center of the Internet, Andrew Blum wanted to capture the "spirit of place" of the Internet. Because as far-reaching and virtual as our connection to the Net is, the signals travel on good old-fashioned cabling, glass fibers jacketed in polymer, running through conduit under streets. The immaterial Internet runs on a very material, industry-like infrastructure. So that when Alaska senator Ted Stevens called the Internet "a series of tubes" ... well, he was kind of right, and he did inspire the title of this utterly fascinating book, which explores the switches, data centers, sea crossings and many, many tubes that make up our online reality.
Blum is a writer for Newsweek, and has written for Wired, Popular Science, Metropolis and more.
Learn more about Tubes:
Read excerpts on submarine cables and Internet exchange points (like 60 Hudson in NYC).
Browse book club materials (from the Amherst Reads book club)
Listen to Andrew Blum's audio interview on Fresh Air
Andrew Blum | Speaker | TED.com