TEDGlobal 2014
Joe Madiath: Better toilets, better life
Džo Madijat (Joe Madiath): Bolji toaleti, bolji život
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Nedostatak toaleta u ruralnoj Indiji predstavlja veliki, smrdljivi problem. On vodi do vode lošeg kvaliteta, koja je jedan od glavnih uzročnika zaraza u Indiji i ima neproporcionalno negativan uticaj na žene. Džo Madijat predstavlja program koji bi seljanima pomogao da pomognu sebi, tako što grade sisteme za čistu, zaštićenu vodu i kanalizaciju i tako što zahteva od svih u selu da sarađuju - sa značajnim prednostima, za zdravlje, obrazovanje i čak i vladu.
Joe Madiath - Social entrepreneur
Joe Madiath brings Indian villagers together around water and sanitation projects. Full bio
Joe Madiath brings Indian villagers together around water and sanitation projects. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
It is very fashionable and proper
to speak about food
to speak about food
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Veoma je moderno i ispravno
pričati o hrani.
pričati o hrani.
00:20
in all its forms, all its colors,
aromas and tastes.
aromas and tastes.
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U svim njenim oblicima, njenim bojama,
aromama i ukusima.
aromama i ukusima.
00:27
But after the food goes through
the digestive system,
the digestive system,
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Ali kada hrana prođe kroz probavni sistem,
00:33
when it is thrown out as crap,
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kada je izbačena napolje kao izmet,
00:36
it is no longer fashionable
to speak about it.
to speak about it.
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vise nije moderna tema.
00:40
It is rather revolting.
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To je prilično odvratno.
00:45
I'm a guy who has graduated
from bullshit to full-shit.
from bullshit to full-shit.
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Ja sam tip koji je diplomirao od izmeta
do potpunog sranja.
do potpunog sranja.
00:52
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
00:55
My organization, Gram Vikas, which means
"village development organization,"
"village development organization,"
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Moja organizacija, Gram Vikas, sto znači
"organizacija za razvoj sela",
"organizacija za razvoj sela",
01:02
was working in the area
of renewable energy.
of renewable energy.
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radila je u oblasti obnovljive energije.
01:05
On the most part, we were
producing biogas,
producing biogas,
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Najvećim delom, proizvodili smo biogas,
01:09
biogas for rural kitchens.
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biogas za seoske kuhinje.
01:14
We produce biogas in India
by using animal manure,
by using animal manure,
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U Indiji proizvodimo biogas
koristeći životinjsko đubrivo,
koristeći životinjsko đubrivo,
01:20
which usually, in India,
is called cow dung.
is called cow dung.
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koje se uglavnom, u Indiji
naziva kravljom balegom.
naziva kravljom balegom.
01:22
But as the gender-sensitive
person that I am,
person that I am,
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Ali pošto imam obzira prema oba pola,
01:26
I would like to call it bullshit.
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ja bih voleo da to zovem sranje.
01:29
But realizing later on
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Ali shvativši kasnije
01:31
how important were sanitation
and the disposal of crap in a proper way,
and the disposal of crap in a proper way,
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koliko su bitna higijenska sredstva,
i odlaganje izmeta na pravi način,
i odlaganje izmeta na pravi način,
01:39
we went into the arena of sanitation.
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mi smo ušli u arenu sanitarnosti.
01:45
Eighty percent of all diseases
in India and most developing countries
in India and most developing countries
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Osamdeset procenata svih bolesti u Indiji
i većini zemalja u razvoju
i većini zemalja u razvoju
01:53
are because of poor quality water.
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potiče od lošeg kvaliteta vode.
01:57
And when we look at the reason
for poor quality water,
for poor quality water,
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A kada pogledamo sta je uzrok
lošeg kvaliteta vode,
lošeg kvaliteta vode,
02:01
you find that it is our abysmal attitude
to the disposal of human waste.
to the disposal of human waste.
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videćete da je to naš izuzetno loš stav
prema odlaganju ljudskog otpada.
prema odlaganju ljudskog otpada.
02:08
Human waste, in its rawest form,
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Ljudski otpad,
u svojoj najsirovijoj formi,
u svojoj najsirovijoj formi,
02:12
finds its way back to drinking water,
bathing water, washing water,
bathing water, washing water,
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nalazi svoj put nazad do vode za piće,
vode za kupanje, vode za pranje,
vode za kupanje, vode za pranje,
02:18
irrigation water, whatever water you see.
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vode za navodnjavanje,
bilo koje vode koju vidite.
bilo koje vode koju vidite.
02:22
And this is the cause for 80 percent
of the diseases in rural areas.
of the diseases in rural areas.
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I to je uzrok
80% bolesti seoskih područja.
80% bolesti seoskih područja.
02:29
In India, it is unfortunately only the
women who carry water.
women who carry water.
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U indiji, nažalost samo žene nose vodu.
02:35
So for all domestic needs,
women have to carry water.
women have to carry water.
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Za sve kućne potrebe,
žene moraju da nose vodu.
žene moraju da nose vodu.
02:40
So that is a pitiable state of affairs.
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Tako da je to žalosno stanje stvari.
02:46
Open defecation is rampant.
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Mala i velika nužda se obavlja svuda.
02:48
Seventy percent of India
defecates in the open.
defecates in the open.
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70% stanovnika Indije
vrši nuždu na otvorenom.
vrši nuždu na otvorenom.
02:53
They sit there out in the open,
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Oni sede napolju,
02:56
with the wind on their sails,
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sa vetrom u jedrima,
02:58
hiding their faces, exposing their bases,
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skrivajući svoja lica,
pokazuju svoje zadnjice,
pokazuju svoje zadnjice,
03:02
and sitting there in pristine glory --
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sedeći tamo u punom sjaju.
03:06
70 percent of India.
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Sedamdeset procenata Indije.
03:09
And if you look at the world total,
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A ako pogledate na celokupni svet,
03:12
60 percent of all the crap that is thrown
into the open is by Indians.
into the open is by Indians.
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60 procenata od sveg izmeta
koji se baci na otvoreno, bace Indijci.
koji se baci na otvoreno, bace Indijci.
03:21
A fantastic distinction.
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Fantastična odlika.
03:23
I don't know if we Indians can be proud
of such a distinction.
of such a distinction.
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Ne znam da li mi Indijci možemo biti
ponosni na takvu odliku.
ponosni na takvu odliku.
03:28
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
03:30
So we, together with a lot of villages,
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Zato mi, zajedno sa mnogo sela,
03:32
we began to talk about how to really
address this situation of sanitation.
address this situation of sanitation.
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počinjemo da diskutujemo kako se
pozabaviti ovom higijenskom situacijom.
pozabaviti ovom higijenskom situacijom.
03:37
And we came together and formed
a project called MANTRA.
a project called MANTRA.
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Okupili smo se i formirali projekat pod
imenom MANTRA.
imenom MANTRA.
03:42
MANTRA stands for Movement and Action
Network for Transformation of Rural Areas.
Network for Transformation of Rural Areas.
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MANTRA je skraćeno za: mreža za kretanje
i akciju transformisanja seoskih područja.
i akciju transformisanja seoskih područja.
03:50
So we are speaking about transformation,
transformation in rural areas.
transformation in rural areas.
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Znači, mi pričamo o transformaciji,
transformaciji u seoskim područjima.
transformaciji u seoskim područjima.
03:57
Villages that agree
to implement this project,
to implement this project,
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Sela koja se slože
da usvoje ovaj projekat,
da usvoje ovaj projekat,
04:01
they organize a legal society
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organizuju pravnu zajednicu
04:04
where the general body
consists of all members
consists of all members
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čiji se generalni odbor sastoji
od svih članova koji biraju
od svih članova koji biraju
04:08
who elect a group of men and women
who implement the project
who implement the project
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grupu muškaraca i žena koji će
sprovoditi projekat u delo,
sprovoditi projekat u delo,
04:14
and, later on, who look after
the operation and maintenance.
the operation and maintenance.
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koji će se kasnije baviti
rukovanjem i održavanjem.
rukovanjem i održavanjem.
04:19
They decide to build a toilet
and a shower room.
and a shower room.
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Oni su odlučili da izgrade toalet
i sobu za tuširanje.
i sobu za tuširanje.
04:24
And from a protected water source,
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I sa zaštićenog izvora vode,
04:27
water will be brought to an elevated water
reservoir and piped to all households
reservoir and piped to all households
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voda će biti dopremljena na podignut
rezervoar sa vodom i prosleđena
rezervoar sa vodom i prosleđena
04:34
through three taps:
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do svih domaćinstava kroz tri slavine;
04:37
one in the toilet, one in the shower,
one in the kitchen, 24 hours a day.
one in the kitchen, 24 hours a day.
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jedna u toaletu, jedna u tuš kabini,
jedna u kuhinji, 24 sata dnevno.
jedna u kuhinji, 24 sata dnevno.
04:44
The pity is that our cities,
like New Delhi and Bombay,
like New Delhi and Bombay,
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Šteta je što u našim gradovima,
kao što su Nju Delhi i Bombaj
kao što su Nju Delhi i Bombaj
04:48
do not have a 24-hour water supply.
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nije dostupno snabdevanje vodom
24 sata dnevno.
24 sata dnevno.
04:52
But in these villages, we want to have it.
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Ali u tim selima, mi želimo da to imamo.
04:57
There is a distinct difference
in the quality.
in the quality.
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Postoji velika razlika u kvalitetu.
05:01
Well in India, we have a theory,
which is very much accepted
which is very much accepted
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U Indiji, imamo teoriju, koja je svuda
vrlo prihvaćena
vrlo prihvaćena
05:07
by the government bureaucracy
and all those who matter,
and all those who matter,
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od strane vladine birokratije
i svih onih koji su bitni,
i svih onih koji su bitni,
05:10
that poor people deserve poor solutions
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da siromašni zaslužuju siromašna rešenja
05:15
and absolutely poor people deserve
pathetic solutions.
pathetic solutions.
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a apsolutno siromašni zaslužuju
patetična rešenja.
patetična rešenja.
05:22
This, combined with
a Nobel Prize-worthy theory that
a Nobel Prize-worthy theory that
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Ovo, u kombinaciji sa teorijom vrednom
Nobelove nagrade da je
Nobelove nagrade da je
05:28
the cheapest is the most economic,
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najeftinije i najekonomičnije,
05:30
is the heady cocktail that the poor
are forced to drink.
are forced to drink.
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je koktel koji zadaje glavobolju a koji su
siromašni dužni da piju.
siromašni dužni da piju.
05:38
We are fighting against this.
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Mi se borimo protiv toga.
05:40
We feel that the poor have been
humiliated for centuries.
humiliated for centuries.
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Mi mislimo da su siromašni
ponižavani vekovima.
ponižavani vekovima.
05:46
And even in sanitation,
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Ali što se higijene tiče,
05:49
they should not be humiliated.
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oni ne bi trebali biti ponižavani.
05:51
Sanitation is more about dignity
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Higijena je više pitanje dostojanstva
05:54
than about human disposal of waste.
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nego otklanjanja ljudskog otpada.
05:56
And so you build these toilets
and very often,
and very often,
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I tako gradimo toalete i veoma često
06:01
we have to hear that the toilets are
better than their houses.
better than their houses.
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moramo da čujemo kako su toaleti
bolji nego njihove kuće.
bolji nego njihove kuće.
06:07
And you can see that in front are
the attached houses
the attached houses
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Ovde možete videti
da su napred dvojne kuće
da su napred dvojne kuće
06:11
and the others are the toilets.
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a ostalo su toaleti.
06:14
So these people, without a single
exception of a family in a village,
exception of a family in a village,
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I onda ti ljudi, bez ijednog izuzetka
06:20
decide to build a toilet, a bathing room.
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odluče da izgrade toalet, kupaonicu.
06:24
And for that, they come together,
collect all the local materials --
collect all the local materials --
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I za to, oni se skupe zajedno,
sakupe sav lokalni materijal,
sakupe sav lokalni materijal,
06:30
local materials like rubble,
sand, aggregates,
sand, aggregates,
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lokalni materijal kao što je krš,
pesak, agregati,
pesak, agregati,
06:35
usually a government subsidy is available
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obično postoji subvencija vlade
06:38
to meet at least part of the cost
of external materials
of external materials
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da pokrije makar delić spoljnih materijala
06:41
like cement, steel, toilet commode.
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kao što su cement, čelik,
oprema za toalet.
oprema za toalet.
06:46
And they build a toilet
and a bathing room.
and a bathing room.
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I oni izrade toalet i kupaonicu.
06:50
Also, all the unskilled laborers, that is
daily wage earners, mostly landless,
daily wage earners, mostly landless,
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Takođe, neobučeni radnici, koji rade
za dnevnicu, uglavnom bez imovine,
za dnevnicu, uglavnom bez imovine,
06:56
are given an opportunity to be
trained as masons and plumbers.
trained as masons and plumbers.
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imaju mogućnost da budu obučeni
kao zidari ili vodoinstalateri.
kao zidari ili vodoinstalateri.
07:04
So while these people are being trained,
others are collecting the materials.
others are collecting the materials.
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Dok tim ljudima traje obuka, ostali
sakupljaju materijale.
sakupljaju materijale.
07:09
And when both are ready,
they build a toilet, a shower room,
they build a toilet, a shower room,
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Kada je sve spremno, oni izgrade
toalet, kupaonicu
toalet, kupaonicu
07:14
and of course also a water tower,
an elevated water reservoir.
an elevated water reservoir.
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i naravno vodotoranj,
uzvišen rezervoar sa vodom.
uzvišen rezervoar sa vodom.
07:21
We use a system of two leach pits
to treat the waste.
to treat the waste.
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Koristimo sistem sa dve septičke jame
da tretiramo otpad.
da tretiramo otpad.
07:27
From the toilet, the muck comes
into the first leach pit.
into the first leach pit.
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Iz toaleta, prljavština dolazi
u prvu septičku jamu.
u prvu septičku jamu.
07:31
And when it is full, it is blocked
and it can go to the next.
and it can go to the next.
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Kada je puna, ona je blokirana
i otpad može da ide u drugu.
i otpad može da ide u drugu.
07:36
But we discovered that if you plant
banana trees, papaya trees
banana trees, papaya trees
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Ali mi smo otkrili da ako posadimo
drvo banane ili papaje
drvo banane ili papaje
07:41
on the periphery of these leach pits,
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na periferiji tih septičkih jama,
07:44
they grow very well
because they suck up all the nutrients
because they suck up all the nutrients
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one rastu veoma dobro zato
što upijaju hranljive materije
što upijaju hranljive materije
07:47
and you get very tasty bananas, papayas.
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i dobijamo veoma ukusne banane, papaje.
07:53
If any of you come to my place,
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Ako bilo ko od vas dođe u moj dom,
07:56
I would be happy to share
these bananas and papayas with you.
these bananas and papayas with you.
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ja ću biti srećan da podelim te banane
i papaje sa vama.
i papaje sa vama.
08:01
So there you can see
the completed toilets, the water towers.
the completed toilets, the water towers.
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Tamo možete videti završene toalete,
vodotornjeve.
vodotornjeve.
08:07
This is in a village where
most of the people are even illiterate.
most of the people are even illiterate.
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Sve ovo je u selu gde je većina ljudi
čak nepismeno.
čak nepismeno.
08:13
It is always a 24-hour water supply
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Snabdevanje vodom je 24 časa dnevno
08:15
because water gets polluted
very often when you store it --
very often when you store it --
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jer se voda zagadi veoma često
kada je čuvate nepokretnu,
kada je čuvate nepokretnu,
08:21
a child dips his or her hand into it,
something falls into it.
something falls into it.
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dete umoči njegovu ili njenu ruku u
vodu, nešto upadne u vodu.
vodu, nešto upadne u vodu.
08:26
So no water is stored. It's always on tap.
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Tako da se voda uopšte ne skladišti.
Uvek je spremna na slavini.
Uvek je spremna na slavini.
08:33
This is how an elevated
water reservoir is constructed.
water reservoir is constructed.
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Tako je uzvišeni rezervoar sa vodom
konstruktovan.
konstruktovan.
08:37
And that is the end product.
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Ovo je krajnji proizvod.
08:39
Because it has to go high,
and there is some space available,
and there is some space available,
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Zato što mora da bude visoko
i ima nešto dostupnog prostora,
i ima nešto dostupnog prostora,
08:44
two or three rooms are made
under the water tower,
under the water tower,
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dve ili tri sobe
su napravljene ispod vodotornja,
su napravljene ispod vodotornja,
08:47
which are used by the village for
different committee meetings.
different committee meetings.
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koje koriste razni seoski komiteti
za sastanke.
za sastanke.
08:51
We have had clear evidence
of the great impact of this program.
of the great impact of this program.
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Imali smo jasan dokaz ogromnog
uspeha ovog programa.
uspeha ovog programa.
08:58
Before we started, there were, as usual,
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Pre nego što smo počeli,
bilo je, kao i obično
bilo je, kao i obično
09:02
more than 80 percent of people suffering
from waterborne diseases.
from waterborne diseases.
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više od 80 procenata ljudi koji boluju
od bolesti prenosivih vodom.
od bolesti prenosivih vodom.
09:07
But after this, we have empirical evidence
that 82 percent, on average,
that 82 percent, on average,
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Ali posle ovoga, imamo empirijski dokaz
da 82 procenta, u proseku,
da 82 procenta, u proseku,
09:14
among all these villages --
1,200 villages have completed it --
1,200 villages have completed it --
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među svim tim selima,
1200 sela je završeno,
1200 sela je završeno,
09:18
waterborne diseases
have come down 82 percent.
have come down 82 percent.
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82 procenta bolesti prenošenih vodom
je smanjeno.
je smanjeno.
09:23
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
09:30
Women usually used to spend,
especially in the summer months,
especially in the summer months,
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Žene su ranije uglavnom trošile
od šest do sedam sati dnevno noseći vodu,
od šest do sedam sati dnevno noseći vodu,
09:35
about six to seven hours
a day carrying water.
a day carrying water.
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posebno u letnjim mesecima,
09:43
And when they went to carry water,
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A kada su išle da donose vodu
09:46
because, as I said earlier,
it's only women who carry water,
it's only women who carry water,
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jer, kao što sam rekao ranije,
samo žene donose vodu,
samo žene donose vodu,
09:52
they used to take their little children,
girl children, also to carry water,
girl children, also to carry water,
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one su vodile malu decu, žensku decu,
da nose vodu sa njima,
da nose vodu sa njima,
09:58
or else to be back at home
to look after the siblings.
to look after the siblings.
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ili da ostanu kod kuće
i brinu o braći i sestrama.
i brinu o braći i sestrama.
10:03
So there were less than nine percent
of girl children attending school,
of girl children attending school,
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Bilo je manje od devet procenata
ženske dece koje pohađaju školu,
ženske dece koje pohađaju školu,
10:07
even if there was a school.
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čak i ako je bilo škole.
10:10
And boys, about 30 percent.
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A dečaka, oko 30 procenata.
10:13
But girls, it has gone to about 90 percent
and boys, almost to 100 percent.
and boys, almost to 100 percent.
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Ali sada je procenat devojčica otišao
na 90 posto a dečaka, skoro 100 posto.
na 90 posto a dečaka, skoro 100 posto.
10:20
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
10:24
The most vulnerable section in a village
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Najranjiviji deo sela čine
10:28
are the landless laborers who are
the daily wage-earners.
the daily wage-earners.
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radnici bez imovine koji rade za dnevnicu.
10:32
Because they have gone
through this training
through this training
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Zato što su završili obuku
10:34
to be masons and plumbers and bar benders,
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da budu zidari , vodoinstalateri i
savijači šipki,
savijači šipki,
10:38
now their ability to earn has
increased 300 to 400 percent.
increased 300 to 400 percent.
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njihova sposobnost da zarađuju porasla je
od 300 do 400 posto.
od 300 do 400 posto.
10:46
So this is a democracy in action
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Ovo je demokratija na delu
10:49
because there is a general body,
a governing board, the committee.
a governing board, the committee.
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zato što postoji izvršno telo,
upravni odbor, komitet.
upravni odbor, komitet.
10:53
People are questioning,
people are governing themselves,
people are governing themselves,
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Ljudi se pitaju, ljudi upravljaju sami,
10:56
people are learning to manage
their own affairs,
their own affairs,
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ljudi uče da rukovode svojim poslovima,
10:59
they are taking their own futures
into their hands.
into their hands.
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oni uzimaju budućnost u svoje ruke.
11:02
And that is democracy at
the grassroots level in action.
the grassroots level in action.
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I ovo je istinska demokratija na delu.
11:10
More than 1,200 villages
have so far done this.
have so far done this.
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Više od 1200 sela je ovo uradilo do sada.
11:17
It benefits over 400,000 people
and it's still going on.
and it's still going on.
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Od ovoga korist ima 400 000 ljudi
i još uvek traje.
i još uvek traje.
11:22
And I hope it continues to move ahead.
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I nadam se da ce nastaviti da traje.
11:29
For India and such developing countries,
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Za Indiju i slične zemlje u razvoju,
11:34
armies and armaments,
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vojska i naoružanje,
11:39
software companies and spaceships
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softverske kompanije i svemirski brodovi,
11:48
may not be as important
as taps and toilets.
as taps and toilets.
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nisu toliko važni kao slavine i toaleti.
11:54
Thank you. Thank you very much.
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Hvala vam. Mnogo vam hvala.
11:57
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
12:01
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Joe Madiath - Social entrepreneurJoe Madiath brings Indian villagers together around water and sanitation projects.
Why you should listen
When he was 12, Joe Madiath unionized young workers to fight for better work conditions. They were employed by... his own father. He was therefore sent away to a boarding school. After his studies, travels across India, and participating in relief work afer a devastating cyclone, in 1979 he founded Gram Vikas. The name translates to "village development" in both Hindi and Oriya, the language of the state of Orissa, where the organization is primarily active.
The bulk of Gram Vikas' efforts are on water and sanitation. The organization's approach is based on partnership with villagers and gender equity. In order to benefit from Gram Vikas' support to install water and sanitation systems, the entire village community needs to commit to participate in the planning, construction and maintenance, and all villagers, regardless of social, economic or caste status, will have access to the same facilities. This requirement of 100 percent participation is difficult, Madiath acknowledges, but it leads to socially equitable and long-term solutions. Gram Vikas has already reached over 1,200 communities and over 400,000 people.
Joe Madiath | Speaker | TED.com