ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Andrew Bastawrous - Eye surgeon, inventor
Andrew Bastawrous studies eye health -- and builds accessible new tools to bring eye care to more people.

Why you should listen

Andrew Bastawrous is cofounder and CEO of Peek Vision, a social impact organization that uses smartphone technology to radically increase access to eye care in some of the most challenging places in the world. Bastawrous is also an ophthalmologist (eye surgeon) and Associate Professor in International Eye Health at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.

Peek's vision app, Peek Acuity, is being used to transform eye health in more than 150 countries. The organization ran one of the top-ten all-time Indiegogo crowd-funding campaigns in the health sector -- for Peek Retina, a smartphone ophthalmoscope -- and was voted "best social-impact start-up in Europe" by Google and McKinsey in 2016. All prize money has been re-invested in Peek.

Bastawrous is working with astrophysicists to crowdsource retinal data; with National Geographic explorers to reach isolated communities; and with artists and activists to advocate for eye care globally. He and his wife Madeleine have established a social enterprise healthy bakery in Kenya that provides employment, with profits paying for eye care.

In 2018, Bastawrous was invited to deliver the Commonwealth Address in the presence of the British Royal Family, where he announced the creation of a new one-billion-dollar Vision Catalyst Fund -- a new vision for international aid.

More profile about the speaker
Andrew Bastawrous | Speaker | TED.com
TED2014

Andrew Bastawrous: Get your next eye exam on a smartphone

安德鲁·巴斯塔劳斯: 用智能手机来做次眼科检查吧

Filmed:
1,184,953 views

这个世界上,有三千九百万人失明。而他们当中绝大多数人失明的病因是可治愈的,并且可预防的。问题是,你要如何为那些居住在没有昂贵眼科检查设备和诊疗条件的、生活在偏远地区的人们提供检查和治疗呢?TED 研究会员安德鲁·巴斯塔劳斯展示了能够帮助进行眼科诊疗的两样东西:智能手机应用程序与便宜的嵌入式硬件。
- Eye surgeon, inventor
Andrew Bastawrous studies eye health -- and builds accessible new tools to bring eye care to more people. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
There are 39 million百万 people in the world世界
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全世界有390万
00:16
who are blind.
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失明的人
00:17
Eighty八十 percent百分 of them
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他们中的80%
00:20
are living活的 in low-income低收入 countries国家 such这样 as Kenya肯尼亚,
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生活在低收入国家,
例如肯尼亚,
00:23
and the absolute绝对 majority多数
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他们中的绝大多数
00:25
do not need to be blind.
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本不该被失明困扰。
00:26
They are blind from diseases疾病
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他们因疾病导致失明
00:28
that are either completely全然 curable固化 or preventable预防的.
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而这些疾病是完全可以治愈的
或者是可以提前预防的。
00:32
Knowing会心 this, with my young年轻 family家庭,
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了解到这样的状况,
我和我年轻的家庭,
00:34
we moved移动 to Kenya肯尼亚.
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搬到肯尼亚。
00:36
We secured安全 equipment设备,
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我们配置了仪器,
00:37
funds资金, vehicles汽车, we trained熟练 a team球队,
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资金,车辆,
我们训练了一个团队。
00:41
we set up a hundred clinics诊所 throughout始终
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我们建立了一百余家诊所,
00:43
the Great Rift裂痕 Valley
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遍布整个东非大裂谷,
00:45
to try and understand理解 a single question:
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试图去理解一个问题:
00:48
why are people going blind,
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是什么导致人们失明,
00:50
and what can we do?
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要怎样化解这样的困境?
00:53
The challenges挑战 were great.
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这无疑是个巨大的挑战。
00:56
When we got to where we were going,
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当我们设定好要前往的地区时,
00:58
we set up our high-tech高科技 equipment设备.
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我们搭建好高科技的仪器,
01:01
Power功率 was rarely很少 available可得到.
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很难找到电源。
01:03
We'd星期三 have to run our equipment设备
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需要使用
01:04
from petrol汽油 power功率 generators发电机.
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汽油发电机供电。
01:06
And then something occurred发生 to me:
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于是我想到:
01:08
There has to be an easier更轻松 way,
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应该会有更加简便的方式,
01:11
because it's the patients耐心 who are the most in need
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因为那些最急迫需要
01:13
of access访问 to eye care关心
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接受眼科检查的患者
01:14
who are the least最小 likely容易 to get it.
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也正是最难以获取诊疗的人。
01:17
More people in Kenya肯尼亚,
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越来越多生活在肯尼亚
01:18
and in sub-Saharan撒哈拉以南 Africa非洲,
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和撒哈拉沙漠以南非洲地区的人们
01:20
have access访问 to a mobile移动 phone电话
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使用手机的人数
01:22
than they do clean清洁 running赛跑 water.
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甚至多于能够接收到清洁水源的。
01:24
So we said, could we harness马具
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我想,我们能不能套用
01:26
the power功率 of mobile移动 technology技术
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移动通信技术的力量
01:27
to deliver交付 eye care关心 in a new way?
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用一种新方法来进行眼科检查?
01:29
And so we developed发达 Peek窥视,
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因此我们开发了一个应用“Peek”
01:31
a smartphone手机 [system系统] that enables使
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一个智慧型手机[系统]
01:34
community社区 healthcare卫生保健 workers工人
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能够搭建医务工作者社群
01:35
and empowers如虎添翼 them to deliver交付 eye care关心 everywhere到处.
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让他们能够在任何地方
为人们提供眼科检查服务。
01:39
We set about replacing更换
traditional传统 hospital醫院 equipment设备,
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我们用智慧型手机应用程序和硬件
01:42
which哪一个 is bulky笨重, expensive昂贵 and fragile脆弱,
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来代替那些笨重,
昂贵又不易维护的
01:44
with smartphone手机 apps应用 and hardware硬件
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传统医院的仪器设备。
01:46
that make it possible可能 to test测试 anyone任何人
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这使得工作人员能够
跨越语言,年纪的障碍
01:48
in any language语言 and of any age年龄.
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为任何人提供眼科检查。
01:52
Here we have a demonstration示范
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这段影片展示了
01:53
of a three-month-old三个月大的 having their vision视力
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一个三个月大的婴儿
通过应用程序和眼动仪
01:55
accurately准确 tested测试 using运用 an app应用 and an eye tracker跟踪器.
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接受精准的视力检测。
02:03
We've我们已经 got many许多 trials试验 going on
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很多实验都在进行着
02:05
in the community社区 and in schools学校,
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在社区,在学校,
02:07
and through通过 the lessons教训 that
we've我们已经 learned学到了 in the field领域,
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从实地考察中得到的经验教训,
02:09
we've我们已经 realized实现 it's extremely非常 important重要
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让我们意识到,
02:11
to share分享 the data数据 in non-medical非医疗 jargon行话
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用非医学专用术语
分享诊疗数据是极其重要的,
02:14
so that people understand理解
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因为这样人们就能了解到
02:15
what we're examining检查 and what that means手段 to them.
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我们在检查些什么,
这和他们有什么关系。
02:18
So here, for example,
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因此,举例来说,
02:19
we use our sight视力 simSIM卡 application应用,
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使用我们的“视力身份识别”程序,
02:21
once一旦 your vision视力 has been measured测量,
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在检测到你的视力之后,
02:23
to show显示 carers护理人员 and teachers教师
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我们展示给照护者和老师
02:25
what the visual视觉 world世界 is like for that person,
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那个人眼中的世界是怎样的,
02:28
so they can empathize同情 with them and help them.
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这样他们就能告诉他们并帮助他们。
02:31
Once一旦 we've我们已经 discovered发现 somebody has low vision视力,
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当我们发现某人有低视力的问题,
02:34
the next下一个 big challenge挑战 is to work out why,
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下一个大的挑战就是找出病因,
02:36
and to be able能够 to do that,
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为了能找到病因点,
02:38
we need to have access访问 to the inside of the eye.
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我们需要检查眼睛内部。
02:40
Traditionally传统, this requires要求 expensive昂贵 equipment设备
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传统上,这需要昂贵的设备
02:43
to examine检查 an area called the retina视网膜.
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来检查视网膜。
02:45
The retina视网膜 is the single part部分 of the eye that has
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视网膜是眼内一个单独的区域
02:48
huge巨大 amounts of information信息 about the body身体
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包含巨大数量的身体信息
02:50
and its health健康.
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和眼睛的健康状况。
02:51
We've我们已经 developed发达 3D-printedd-印刷,
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我们开发了通过3D打印制作的
02:53
low-cost低成本 hardware硬件
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低成本的硬件,
02:55
that comes in at less than five dollars美元 to produce生产,
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制作所需的费用少于5美元,
02:57
which哪一个 can then be clipped修剪 onto a smartphone手机
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这个硬件能够直接
连接到智慧型手机,
03:00
and makes品牌 it possible可能 to get views意见
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使得手机拥有能够看到
03:01
of the back of the eye
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眼睛内部的仪器
03:03
of a very high quality质量.
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画面质量很高。
03:04
And the beauty美女 is, anybody任何人 can do it.
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最棒的部分在于,
任何人都能轻松操作它。
03:08
In our trials试验 on over two and half thousand people,
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我们的实验覆盖了
超过2500人,
03:10
the smartphone手机 with the add-on加上 clip
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连接了这个硬件的手机
03:12
is comparable可比 to a camera相机
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和比它昂贵数倍,
03:14
that is hugely巨大 more expensive昂贵
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并且难以运输的检测机
03:16
and hugely巨大 more difficult to transport运输.
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质量相近。
03:20
When we first moved移动 to Kenya肯尼亚,
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当我们刚搬到肯尼亚的时候,
03:21
we went with 150,000 dollars美元 of equipment设备,
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我们带着价值15万美元的设备,
03:24
a team球队 of 15 people,
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15人组成的团队,
03:27
and that was what was
needed需要 to deliver交付 health健康 care关心.
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来为这里的居民提供卫生保健。
03:29
Now, all that's needed需要
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现在,我们只需要
03:32
is a single person
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一个人
03:34
on a bike自行车 with a smartphone手机.
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一辆自行车和一个智慧型手机。
03:37
And it costs成本 just 500 dollars美元.
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这一切仅需500美元。
03:41
The issue问题 of power功率 supply供应
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供电的问题也得到了解决
03:43
is overcome克服 by harnessing治理 the power功率 of solar太阳能.
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利用太阳能充电
03:45
Our healthcare卫生保健 workers工人 travel旅行
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我们的医务工作者携带
03:46
with a solar-powered太阳能 rucksack背包
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具有吸收太阳能功能的帆布背包,
03:48
which哪一个 keeps保持 the phone电话 charged带电 and backed已备份 up.
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这个包能够为手机充电,
提供备用电源。
03:50
Now we go to the patient患者
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这使得我们能够走近病人
为他们提供治疗,
03:53
rather than waiting等候 for the patient患者 never to come.
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而不是坐在那里等待着那些
可能永远也不会来寻求治疗的病人。
03:55
We go to them in their homes家园
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我们走进他们的家庭
03:57
and we give them the most comprehensive全面,
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我们为他们提供全面的,
03:59
high-tech高科技, accurate准确 examination检查,
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高科技的精确检查,
04:01
which哪一个 can be delivered交付 by
anyone任何人 with minimal最小 training训练.
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提供这项服务的工作人员
仅需短期少量训练即可。
04:05
We can link链接 global全球 experts专家
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我们可以连线全球各地的专家,
04:08
with people in the most rural乡村,
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为居住在乡村,
04:10
difficult-to-reach难以达到 places地方
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交通不便
04:11
that are beyond the end结束 of the road,
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甚至公路都不可到达的地区,
04:12
effectively有效 putting those experts专家 in their homes家园,
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将专家送到他们家里,
04:15
allowing允许 us to make diagnoses诊断
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让医生们能够做出诊断
04:17
and make plans计划 for treatment治疗.
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并提供治疗计划。
04:20
Project项目 managers经理, hospital醫院 directors董事,
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项目经理,医院主管,
04:23
are able能够 to search搜索 on our interface接口
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可以通过搜索我们的界面,
04:25
by any parameter参数 they may可能 be interested有兴趣 in.
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根据不同参数样本
选择感兴趣的病例。
04:27
Here in Nakuru纳库鲁, where I've been living活的,
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在我居住的那库鲁,
04:29
we can search搜索 for people
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我们可以搜索到
04:30
by whatever随你 condition条件.
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不同状况的病患。
04:31
Here are people who are blind
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这些病患
04:33
from a curable固化 condition条件 cataract白内障.
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是因可治愈的白内障失明。
04:35
Each red pin depicts描绘 somebody
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每个红色的大头针
04:37
who is blind from a disease疾病 that is curable固化
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表示某个失明的患者,
04:40
and treatable可治疗, and they're locatable可定位.
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他们的失明是可治愈的,
他们的位置也很清楚地显示在这里。
04:42
We can use bulk text文本 messaging消息 services服务
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我们可以通过文字信息系统
04:44
to explain说明 that we're coming未来 to arrange安排 a treatment治疗.
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来告知我们即将前往并安排治疗。
04:47
What's more, we've我们已经 learned学到了 that this is something
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此外,我们发现
04:50
that we haven't没有 built内置 just for the community社区
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并非由我们为这个社群搭建
04:52
but with the community社区.
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而是跟社群共同搭建的东西。
04:53
Those blue蓝色 pins that drop下降 represent代表
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那些蓝色大头针所指的位置
04:56
elders长老, or local本地 leaders领导者,
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标志着社群中的长者,
或者是当地领袖
04:58
that are connected连接的 to those people
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那些能够联系到附近居民的人,
04:59
who can ensure确保 that we can find them
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这些长者确保我们能够找到病患
05:00
and arrange安排 treatment治疗.
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安排治疗。
05:02
So for patients耐心 like Mama妈妈 Wangari,
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像旺加里女士,
05:05
who have been blind for over 10 years年份
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失明10年了,
05:07
and never seen看到 her grandchildren孙子,
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她没看到过她的孙子们,
05:09
for less than 40 dollars美元, we can restore恢复 her eyesight眼力.
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花费不超过40美元,
我们恢复了她的实力。
05:12
This is something that has to happen发生.
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这是必须做到的。
05:18
It's only in statistics统计
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即使统计数据显示
05:19
that people go blind by the millions百万.
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百万分之一的人才会失明,
05:22
The reality现实 is everyone大家 goes blind on their own拥有.
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但对于每个人来说,
失明就是失明了。
05:26
But now, they might威力 just be
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但现在,他们与得到诊治之间
05:28
a text文本 message信息 away from help.
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只有一个短信的距离。
05:30
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
05:37
And now because live生活 demos演示 are always a bad idea理念,
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即便现场演示总是效果不佳,
05:39
we're going to try a live生活 demo演示.
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我们还是要现场展示给大家。
05:41
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
05:42
So here we have the Peek窥视 Vision视力 app应用.
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我们正在使用“Peek Vision”应用程序。
05:52
Okay, and what we're looking at here,
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好了,我们现在看到的是,
05:54
this is Sam's山姆 optic视神经 nerve神经,
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这是萨曼的视神经,
05:56
which哪一个 is a direct直接 extension延期 of her brain,
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这是她大脑内部的直接延伸,
05:58
so I'm actually其实 looking at her brain as we look there.
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事实上正在看她的大脑内部。
06:01
We can see all parts部分 of the retina视网膜.
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我们可以看到整个视网膜。
06:04
It makes品牌 it possible可能 to pick up diseases疾病
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这使得检测眼部疾病,
以及身体疾病
06:07
of the eye and of the body身体
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成为可能
06:09
that would not be possible可能 without access访问 to the eye,
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不通过检查眼睛是无法做到的,
06:12
and that clip-on夹上 device设备 can be manufactured制成的
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这个嵌入式的硬件
06:13
for just a few少数 dollars美元,
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制作成本仅为几美元,
06:15
and people can be cured治愈 of blindness失明,
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人们能够治愈失明,
06:17
and I think it says a lot about us as a human人的 race种族
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这对于人类来说是很重要的。
06:20
if we've我们已经 developed发达 cures治愈 and we don't deliver交付 them.
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我们研究出了治疗方法
却无法将治疗提供给患者。
06:22
But now we can.
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但现在,我们做到了。
06:24
Thank you.
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谢谢。
06:26
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
Translated by Zhiting Chen
Reviewed by Geoff Chen

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Andrew Bastawrous - Eye surgeon, inventor
Andrew Bastawrous studies eye health -- and builds accessible new tools to bring eye care to more people.

Why you should listen

Andrew Bastawrous is cofounder and CEO of Peek Vision, a social impact organization that uses smartphone technology to radically increase access to eye care in some of the most challenging places in the world. Bastawrous is also an ophthalmologist (eye surgeon) and Associate Professor in International Eye Health at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.

Peek's vision app, Peek Acuity, is being used to transform eye health in more than 150 countries. The organization ran one of the top-ten all-time Indiegogo crowd-funding campaigns in the health sector -- for Peek Retina, a smartphone ophthalmoscope -- and was voted "best social-impact start-up in Europe" by Google and McKinsey in 2016. All prize money has been re-invested in Peek.

Bastawrous is working with astrophysicists to crowdsource retinal data; with National Geographic explorers to reach isolated communities; and with artists and activists to advocate for eye care globally. He and his wife Madeleine have established a social enterprise healthy bakery in Kenya that provides employment, with profits paying for eye care.

In 2018, Bastawrous was invited to deliver the Commonwealth Address in the presence of the British Royal Family, where he announced the creation of a new one-billion-dollar Vision Catalyst Fund -- a new vision for international aid.

More profile about the speaker
Andrew Bastawrous | Speaker | TED.com