ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Andrew Bastawrous - Eye surgeon, inventor
Andrew Bastawrous studies eye health -- and builds accessible new tools to bring eye care to more people.

Why you should listen

Andrew Bastawrous is cofounder and CEO of Peek Vision, a social impact organization that uses smartphone technology to radically increase access to eye care in some of the most challenging places in the world. Bastawrous is also an ophthalmologist (eye surgeon) and Associate Professor in International Eye Health at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.

Peek's vision app, Peek Acuity, is being used to transform eye health in more than 150 countries. The organization ran one of the top-ten all-time Indiegogo crowd-funding campaigns in the health sector -- for Peek Retina, a smartphone ophthalmoscope -- and was voted "best social-impact start-up in Europe" by Google and McKinsey in 2016. All prize money has been re-invested in Peek.

Bastawrous is working with astrophysicists to crowdsource retinal data; with National Geographic explorers to reach isolated communities; and with artists and activists to advocate for eye care globally. He and his wife Madeleine have established a social enterprise healthy bakery in Kenya that provides employment, with profits paying for eye care.

In 2018, Bastawrous was invited to deliver the Commonwealth Address in the presence of the British Royal Family, where he announced the creation of a new one-billion-dollar Vision Catalyst Fund -- a new vision for international aid.

More profile about the speaker
Andrew Bastawrous | Speaker | TED.com
TED2014

Andrew Bastawrous: Get your next eye exam on a smartphone

安德魯·巴斯陶若斯: 下次,用你的智慧型手機檢查眼睛

Filmed:
1,184,953 views

全世界有三千九百萬盲人,其中大部分是肇因於能夠被治癒或是預防的疾病。要如何替住在偏遠、連昂貴龐大的設備都無法抵達的地區的人們做檢查並治療呢?TED 研究會員安德魯·巴斯陶若斯展示了一套智慧型手機應用程式以及便宜的裝置,可以幫助我們實現這件事。
- Eye surgeon, inventor
Andrew Bastawrous studies eye health -- and builds accessible new tools to bring eye care to more people. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

在這個世界上,有三千九百萬人
00:13
There are 39 million百萬 people in the world世界
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00:16
who are blind.
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是盲人。
00:17
Eighty八十 percent百分 of them
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其中有 80% 的人,
00:20
are living活的 in low-income低收入 countries國家 such這樣 as Kenya肯尼亞,
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生活在低收入國家,比如肯亞,
00:23
and the absolute絕對 majority多數
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其中的絕大多數
00:25
do not need to be blind.
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本不該失明。
00:26
They are blind from diseases疾病
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他們是因為疾病而成為的盲人
00:28
that are either completely全然 curable固化 or preventable預防的.
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而且那些疾病是可以被預防或治癒的。
00:32
Knowing會心 this, with my young年輕 family家庭,
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知道了這些,我和我的家人
00:34
we moved移動 to Kenya肯尼亞.
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搬到了肯亞。
00:36
We secured安全 equipment設備,
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我們找來了設備、
00:37
funds資金, vehicles汽車, we trained熟練 a team球隊,
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資金、載具、也訓練了一個團隊,
00:41
we set up a hundred clinics診所 throughout始終
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我們一共建立了 100 多個診所,
00:43
the Great Rift裂痕 Valley
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分佈在整個東非大裂谷。
00:45
to try and understand理解 a single question:
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我們嘗試去理解一個問題:
00:48
why are people going blind,
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爲什麽人們會變成盲人,
00:50
and what can we do?
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以及我們能夠做些什麽?
00:53
The challenges挑戰 were great.
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這是一個巨大的挑戰。
00:56
When we got to where we were going,
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當我們到達了目的地,
00:58
we set up our high-tech高科技 equipment設備.
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我們搭建了高科技設備。
01:01
Power功率 was rarely很少 available可得到.
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但是幾乎沒有電力。
01:03
We'd星期三 have to run our equipment設備
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我們只能用
01:04
from petrol汽油 power功率 generators發電機.
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柴油發電機來提供電力。
01:06
And then something occurred發生 to me:
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然後我想到了一些事情:
01:08
There has to be an easier更輕鬆 way,
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應該會有更加簡單的方法,
01:11
because it's the patients耐心 who are the most in need
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因為這裡最需要
01:13
of access訪問 to eye care關心
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眼科治療的病人
01:14
who are the least最小 likely容易 to get it.
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看起來是最沒有條件接受治療的人。
01:17
More people in Kenya肯尼亞,
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越來越多生活在肯亞
01:18
and in sub-Saharan撒哈拉以南 Africa非洲,
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以及撒哈拉以南非洲的人,
01:20
have access訪問 to a mobile移動 phone電話
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擁有手機
01:22
than they do clean清潔 running賽跑 water.
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還比擁有清潔水源容易。
01:24
So we said, could we harness馬俱
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所以我們想,是否能夠
01:26
the power功率 of mobile移動 technology技術
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利用行動科技
01:27
to deliver交付 eye care關心 in a new way?
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提供新的方法進行眼部治療?
01:29
And so we developed發達 Peek窺視,
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所以我們開發了 Peek,
01:31
a smartphone手機 [system系統] that enables使
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它是一種智慧型手機系統,
01:34
community社區 healthcare衛生保健 workers工人
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能讓社區醫療工作者
01:35
and empowers如虎添翼 them to deliver交付 eye care關心 everywhere到處.
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在任何地方提供眼部醫療服務。
01:39
We set about replacing更換
traditional傳統 hospital醫院 equipment設備,
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我們打算替換掉占地方
01:42
which哪一個 is bulky笨重, expensive昂貴 and fragile脆弱,
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昂貴且脆弱的傳統醫療設備。
01:44
with smartphone手機 apps應用 and hardware硬件
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有了智慧型手機軟體以及硬體,
01:46
that make it possible可能 to test測試 anyone任何人
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就可以為說任何語言、
01:48
in any language語言 and of any age年齡.
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任何年齡的任何人檢查。
01:52
Here we have a demonstration示範
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這裡有一段示範影片,
01:53
of a three-month-old三個月大的 having their vision視力
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展示如何使用軟體以及眼部追蹤器
01:55
accurately準確 tested測試 using運用 an app應用 and an eye tracker跟踪器.
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替三個月大的孩子準確測量視力。
02:03
We've我們已經 got many許多 trials試驗 going on
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我們正在社區以及學校裡
02:05
in the community社區 and in schools學校,
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進行多項的測試。
02:07
and through通過 the lessons教訓 that
we've我們已經 learned學到了 in the field領域,
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從之前的經驗
02:09
we've我們已經 realized實現 it's extremely非常 important重要
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我們了解到極端重要的是,
02:11
to share分享 the data數據 in non-medical非醫療 jargon行話
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把資料轉換成非醫學術語,
02:14
so that people understand理解
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好讓大家能夠理解
02:15
what we're examining檢查 and what that means手段 to them.
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我們在做的檢驗及對他們的意義。
02:18
So here, for example,
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舉例來說,
02:19
we use our sight視力 simSIM卡 application應用,
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我們運用了視覺模擬軟體。
02:21
once一旦 your vision視力 has been measured測量,
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一旦一個人的視覺被檢測出來,
02:23
to show顯示 carers護理人員 and teachers教師
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就可以讓照顧者還有老師們
02:25
what the visual視覺 world世界 is like for that person,
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知道這個人眼中的世界是怎麼樣的,
02:28
so they can empathize同情 with them and help them.
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讓他們能夠以同理心來幫助這些人。
02:31
Once一旦 we've我們已經 discovered發現 somebody has low vision視力,
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一旦我們發現某個人視力很差,
02:34
the next下一個 big challenge挑戰 is to work out why,
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下一個大挑戰就是找出原因。
02:36
and to be able能夠 to do that,
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要做到這點
02:38
we need to have access訪問 to the inside of the eye.
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我們要能夠進到眼睛裡。
02:40
Traditionally傳統, this requires要求 expensive昂貴 equipment設備
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傳統上,我們需要昂貴的儀器來檢測
02:43
to examine檢查 an area called the retina視網膜.
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一塊叫做視網膜的區域。
02:45
The retina視網膜 is the single part部分 of the eye that has
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視網膜是一塊蘊含了龐大訊息的區域。
02:48
huge巨大 amounts of information信息 about the body身體
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這些訊息和身體還有健康息息相關。
02:50
and its health健康.
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02:51
We've我們已經 developed發達 3D-printedd-印刷,
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我們研發了 3D 列印出的
02:53
low-cost低成本 hardware硬件
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低花費的硬體,
02:55
that comes in at less than five dollars美元 to produce生產,
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製造成本只要不到五美元。
02:57
which哪一個 can then be clipped修剪 onto a smartphone手機
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這個裝置可以安裝到智慧型手機上,
03:00
and makes品牌 it possible可能 to get views意見
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在手機上就可以看到眼睛後面的狀況,
03:01
of the back of the eye
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03:03
of a very high quality質量.
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並且成像效果很好。
03:04
And the beauty美女 is, anybody任何人 can do it.
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美妙之處在於每個人都可以使用它。
03:08
In our trials試驗 on over two and half thousand people,
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在我們超過兩千五百人的測試當中,
03:10
the smartphone手機 with the add-on加上 clip
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安裝了這個裝置的智能手機
03:12
is comparable可比 to a camera相機
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可以媲美
03:14
that is hugely巨大 more expensive昂貴
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貴上許多
03:16
and hugely巨大 more difficult to transport運輸.
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且難以搬運的攝影機。
03:20
When we first moved移動 to Kenya肯尼亞,
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當我們抵達肯亞的時候,
03:21
we went with 150,000 dollars美元 of equipment設備,
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我們身上有價值 10 萬美元的儀器
03:24
a team球隊 of 15 people,
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以及一支 15 人的團隊。
03:27
and that was what was
needed需要 to deliver交付 health健康 care關心.
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我們要提供醫療服務
就是需要這麼多資源。
03:29
Now, all that's needed需要
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現在只需要
03:32
is a single person
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一隻智慧型手機
03:34
on a bike自行車 with a smartphone手機.
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和一輛腳踏車就足夠了。
03:37
And it costs成本 just 500 dollars美元.
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只花費 500 美元。
03:41
The issue問題 of power功率 supply供應
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電力供應的問題
03:43
is overcome克服 by harnessing治理 the power功率 of solar太陽能.
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已經用連接太陽能解決了。
03:45
Our healthcare衛生保健 workers工人 travel旅行
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我們的醫療人員
03:46
with a solar-powered太陽能 rucksack背包
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背著太陽能背包
03:48
which哪一個 keeps保持 the phone電話 charged帶電 and backed已備份 up.
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為智能手機充電及提供備用電源。
03:50
Now we go to the patient患者
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現在,我們主動去找病人,
03:53
rather than waiting等候 for the patient患者 never to come.
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而不是坐等永遠
不會出現的病人來找我們。
03:55
We go to them in their homes家園
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我們到他們的家裡,
03:57
and we give them the most comprehensive全面,
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提供他們最全面、
03:59
high-tech高科技, accurate準確 examination檢查,
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高科技、準確的檢查。
04:01
which哪一個 can be delivered交付 by
anyone任何人 with minimal最小 training訓練.
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任何人受過簡單的訓練都可以做到
04:05
We can link鏈接 global全球 experts專家
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我們能夠讓全世界的專家
04:08
with people in the most rural鄉村,
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跟位於窮鄉僻壤、
04:10
difficult-to-reach難以達到 places地方
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難以抵達地區的人們搭上線,
04:11
that are beyond the end結束 of the road,
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04:12
effectively有效 putting those experts專家 in their homes家園,
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有效率地把這些專家送到他們家中。
04:15
allowing允許 us to make diagnoses診斷
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讓我們進行診斷
04:17
and make plans計劃 for treatment治療.
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以及治療計劃。
04:20
Project項目 managers經理, hospital醫院 directors董事,
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專案經理、醫院管理人員
04:23
are able能夠 to search搜索 on our interface接口
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可以根據他們感興趣的部分,
04:25
by any parameter參數 they may可能 be interested有興趣 in.
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在我們的介面上搜尋。
04:27
Here in Nakuru納庫魯, where I've been living活的,
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在納庫魯(Nakuru)
這個我們現在住的地方,
04:29
we can search搜索 for people
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我們可以根據任何的健康狀況搜尋病人,
04:30
by whatever隨你 condition條件.
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04:31
Here are people who are blind
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這些病人,
04:33
from a curable固化 condition條件 cataract白內障.
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是可以被治癒的白內障患者。
04:35
Each red pin depicts描繪 somebody
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每一個紅色大頭針,
04:37
who is blind from a disease疾病 that is curable固化
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代表一個能夠被治療的盲人,
04:40
and treatable可治療, and they're locatable可定位.
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而我們知道他們的所在地。
04:42
We can use bulk text文本 messaging消息 services服務
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我們可以使用大量簡訊服務
04:44
to explain說明 that we're coming未來 to arrange安排 a treatment治療.
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來說明我們將會前去提供治療。
04:47
What's more, we've我們已經 learned學到了 that this is something
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更甚者,我們了解到
04:50
that we haven't沒有 built內置 just for the community社區
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這不只是我們替社區建立的,
04:52
but with the community社區.
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而是和社區合作而建立的。
04:53
Those blue藍色 pins that drop下降 represent代表
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藍色大頭針代表
04:56
elders長老, or local本地 leaders領導者,
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長者或是地區領袖。
04:58
that are connected連接的 to those people
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我們和這些人有聯繫,
04:59
who can ensure確保 that we can find them
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來確保我們能找到病人
05:00
and arrange安排 treatment治療.
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並提供治療。
05:02
So for patients耐心 like Mama媽媽 Wangari,
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像是 Mama Wangari ,
05:05
who have been blind for over 10 years年份
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這樣看不見超過十年
05:07
and never seen看到 her grandchildren孫子,
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且從未見過她孫兒女的盲人,
05:09
for less than 40 dollars美元, we can restore恢復 her eyesight眼力.
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只要不到 40 美元,
我們就能重建她的視力。
05:12
This is something that has to happen發生.
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這樣的事情是必須要實現的。
05:18
It's only in statistics統計
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數百萬人可能眼盲
05:19
that people go blind by the millions百萬.
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只是統計數字。
05:22
The reality現實 is everyone大家 goes blind on their own擁有.
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實際上每個盲人都在單打獨鬥。
05:26
But now, they might威力 just be
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但現在,他們離幫助
05:28
a text文本 message信息 away from help.
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只有一封簡訊的距離。
05:30
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
05:37
And now because live生活 demos演示 are always a bad idea理念,
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現場示範從來都不是個好主意,
05:39
we're going to try a live生活 demo演示.
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所以我們要來做現場示範。
05:41
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
05:42
So here we have the Peek窺視 Vision視力 app應用.
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這就是 Peek Vision 應用程式。
05:52
Okay, and what we're looking at here,
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好,看這裡,
05:54
this is Sam's山姆 optic視神經 nerve神經,
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這是 Sam 的視神經,
05:56
which哪一個 is a direct直接 extension延期 of her brain,
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它從她的大腦直接延伸出來。
05:58
so I'm actually其實 looking at her brain as we look there.
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我是實際上正看到她的大腦內部。
06:01
We can see all parts部分 of the retina視網膜.
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我們可以看到她整個視網膜,
06:04
It makes品牌 it possible可能 to pick up diseases疾病
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這樣一來就可以找出
06:07
of the eye and of the body身體
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眼睛以及身體的疾病。
06:09
that would not be possible可能 without access訪問 to the eye,
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看不到眼睛內部的話是做不到的。
06:12
and that clip-on夾上 device設備 can be manufactured製成的
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1935
這個活動裝置只需要數美元
06:13
for just a few少數 dollars美元,
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就可以製造出來,
06:15
and people can be cured治愈 of blindness失明,
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也使患者免於失明。
06:17
and I think it says a lot about us as a human人的 race種族
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這對人類來說意義重大,
06:20
if we've我們已經 developed發達 cures治愈 and we don't deliver交付 them.
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不能光是研究出治療方法
卻無法實際提供給患者,
06:22
But now we can.
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但現在我們可以做到。
06:24
Thank you.
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謝謝。
06:26
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
Translated by 文进 肖
Reviewed by matt chen

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Andrew Bastawrous - Eye surgeon, inventor
Andrew Bastawrous studies eye health -- and builds accessible new tools to bring eye care to more people.

Why you should listen

Andrew Bastawrous is cofounder and CEO of Peek Vision, a social impact organization that uses smartphone technology to radically increase access to eye care in some of the most challenging places in the world. Bastawrous is also an ophthalmologist (eye surgeon) and Associate Professor in International Eye Health at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.

Peek's vision app, Peek Acuity, is being used to transform eye health in more than 150 countries. The organization ran one of the top-ten all-time Indiegogo crowd-funding campaigns in the health sector -- for Peek Retina, a smartphone ophthalmoscope -- and was voted "best social-impact start-up in Europe" by Google and McKinsey in 2016. All prize money has been re-invested in Peek.

Bastawrous is working with astrophysicists to crowdsource retinal data; with National Geographic explorers to reach isolated communities; and with artists and activists to advocate for eye care globally. He and his wife Madeleine have established a social enterprise healthy bakery in Kenya that provides employment, with profits paying for eye care.

In 2018, Bastawrous was invited to deliver the Commonwealth Address in the presence of the British Royal Family, where he announced the creation of a new one-billion-dollar Vision Catalyst Fund -- a new vision for international aid.

More profile about the speaker
Andrew Bastawrous | Speaker | TED.com