ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Chris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading.

Why you should listen

Chris Anderson is the Curator of TED, a nonprofit devoted to sharing valuable ideas, primarily through the medium of 'TED Talks' -- short talks that are offered free online to a global audience.

Chris was born in a remote village in Pakistan in 1957. He spent his early years in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, where his parents worked as medical missionaries, and he attended an American school in the Himalayas for his early education. After boarding school in Bath, England, he went on to Oxford University, graduating in 1978 with a degree in philosophy, politics and economics.

Chris then trained as a journalist, working in newspapers and radio, including two years producing a world news service in the Seychelles Islands.

Back in the UK in 1984, Chris was captivated by the personal computer revolution and became an editor at one of the UK's early computer magazines. A year later he founded Future Publishing with a $25,000 bank loan. The new company initially focused on specialist computer publications but eventually expanded into other areas such as cycling, music, video games, technology and design, doubling in size every year for seven years. In 1994, Chris moved to the United States where he built Imagine Media, publisher of Business 2.0 magazine and creator of the popular video game users website IGN. Chris eventually merged Imagine and Future, taking the combined entity public in London in 1999, under the Future name. At its peak, it published 150 magazines and websites and employed 2,000 people.

This success allowed Chris to create a private nonprofit organization, the Sapling Foundation, with the hope of finding new ways to tackle tough global issues through media, technology, entrepreneurship and, most of all, ideas. In 2001, the foundation acquired the TED Conference, then an annual meeting of luminaries in the fields of Technology, Entertainment and Design held in Monterey, California, and Chris left Future to work full time on TED.

He expanded the conference's remit to cover all topics, including science, business and key global issues, while adding a Fellows program, which now has some 300 alumni, and the TED Prize, which grants its recipients "one wish to change the world." The TED stage has become a place for thinkers and doers from all fields to share their ideas and their work, capturing imaginations, sparking conversation and encouraging discovery along the way.

In 2006, TED experimented with posting some of its talks on the Internet. Their viral success encouraged Chris to begin positioning the organization as a global media initiative devoted to 'ideas worth spreading,' part of a new era of information dissemination using the power of online video. In June 2015, the organization posted its 2,000th talk online. The talks are free to view, and they have been translated into more than 100 languages with the help of volunteers from around the world. Viewership has grown to approximately one billion views per year.

Continuing a strategy of 'radical openness,' in 2009 Chris introduced the TEDx initiative, allowing free licenses to local organizers who wished to organize their own TED-like events. More than 8,000 such events have been held, generating an archive of 60,000 TEDx talks. And three years later, the TED-Ed program was launched, offering free educational videos and tools to students and teachers.

More profile about the speaker
Chris Anderson | Speaker | TED.com
TED Studio

Chris Anderson: TED's secret to great public speaking

克里斯·安德森: 精彩的TED演讲背后的秘密

Filmed:
5,536,245 views

精彩的演讲没有固定的模式,但有一个同样的秘诀。TED策划人克里斯·安德森分享了这个秘诀,还讲了四种具体的操作方法。你知道如何传播优秀的思想么?
- TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
Some people think that there's
a TEDTED Talk formula:
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有人认为TED演讲有一个固定模式:
00:15
"Give a talk on a round回合, red rug地毯."
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“站在一块圆形的红地毯上。”
00:17
"Share分享 a childhood童年 story故事."
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“分享童年的经历。”
00:18
"Divulge泄露 a personal个人 secret秘密."
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“分享个人的秘密。”
00:20
"End结束 with an inspiring鼓舞人心 call to action行动."
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“最后号召大家行动起来。”
00:23
No.
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不是的。
00:24
That's not how to think of a TEDTED Talk.
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我们不该这么来看待TED演讲。
00:26
In fact事实, if you overuse过度使用 those devices设备,
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实际上,如果滥用这些手法,
00:28
you're just going to come across横过
as clich老生常谈éd or emotionally感情上 manipulative操控.
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只会给人留下陈词滥调
或者心灵鸡汤的感觉。
00:32
But there is one thing that all
great TEDTED Talks会谈 have in common共同,
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但所有优秀的TED演讲
确实有一个共同点,
00:36
and I would like to share分享
that thing with you,
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这也是我想和各位分享的,
00:39
because over the past过去 12 years年份,
I've had a ringside马戏团 seat座位,
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因为12年来我一直坐在场边,
00:42
listening to many许多 hundreds数以百计
of amazing惊人 TEDTED speakers音箱, like these.
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聆听了数百位演讲者的
精彩演讲,比如他们。
00:46
I've helped帮助 them prepare准备
their talks会谈 for prime主要 time,
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我协助他们准备演讲,
在黄金时段播出,
00:49
and learned学到了 directly from them
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也从他们那里学到了
00:50
their secrets秘密 of what
makes品牌 for a great talk.
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做一场精彩演讲的秘诀。
00:53
And even though虽然 these speakers音箱
and their topics主题 all seem似乎
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尽管这些演讲者和他们的演讲主题
00:56
completely全然 different不同,
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都各不相同,
00:57
they actually其实 do have
one key common共同 ingredient成分.
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但有一个关键点是相同的。
01:01
And it's this:
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那就是:
01:03
Your number one task任务 as a speaker扬声器
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作为演讲者最重要的任务
01:05
is to transfer转让 into your listeners'听众' minds头脑
an extraordinary非凡 gift礼品 --
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是送给你的听众一件特别的礼物——
01:10
a strange奇怪 and beautiful美丽 object目的
that we call an idea理念.
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它神奇而美丽,
我们称之为“想法”。
01:16
Let me show显示 you what I mean.
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下面我来解释一下。
01:17
Here's这里的 Haley海利.
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这是海利。
01:18
She is about to give a TEDTED Talk
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她将要进行一个TED演讲,
01:20
and frankly坦率地说, she's terrified.
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坦白说,她很紧张。
01:22
(Video视频) Presenter主持人: Haley海利 Van面包车 Dyck戴克!
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(视频)主持人:海利·范·戴克!
01:24
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
01:30
Over the course课程 of 18 minutes分钟,
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在18分钟的演讲过程中,
01:32
1,200 people, many许多 of whom
have never seen看到 each other before,
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此前互不相识的1200名听众
01:36
are finding发现 that their brains大脑
are starting开始 to sync同步 with Haley'sHaley的 brain
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发现自己的思维渐渐与海利同步,
与其他人同步。
01:40
and with each other.
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01:41
They're literally按照字面 beginning开始 to exhibit展示
the same相同 brain-wave脑电波 patterns模式.
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甚至可以说,他们的
脑电波都开始同步。
01:45
And I don't just mean
they're feeling感觉 the same相同 emotions情绪.
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他们当时不仅感受相同。
01:48
There's something even more
startling触目惊心 happening事件.
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还有更令人吃惊的事在发生。
01:50
Let's take a look inside
Haley'sHaley的 brain for a moment时刻.
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让我们到海利的大脑中看一看。
01:54
There are billions数十亿 of interconnected互联
neurons神经元 in an impossible不可能 tangle纠纷.
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数十亿神经元相互连接,互相缠绕。
01:58
But look here, right here --
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但是看这里,
02:00
a few少数 million百万 of them
are linked关联 to each other
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其中几百万个神经元连接在一起,
02:03
in a way which哪一个 represents代表 a single idea理念.
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形成了一个想法。
02:06
And incredibly令人难以置信, this exact精确 pattern模式
is being存在 recreated重建 in real真实 time
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难以置信的是,同样的连接方式,
02:10
inside the minds头脑 of everyone大家 listening.
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也同时在每一位听众的
脑海中出现了。
02:13
That's right; in just a few少数 minutes分钟,
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是的,几分钟内,
02:15
a pattern模式 involving涉及 millions百万 of neurons神经元
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这种包含几百万神经元的
特殊连接模式
02:18
is being存在 teleported远距传物 into 1,200 minds头脑,
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仅仅通过听和看,
02:21
just by people listening to a voice语音
and watching观看 a face面对.
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就传递进了1200个大脑之中。
02:24
But wait -- what is an idea理念 anyway无论如何?
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那么,到底什么是想法呢?
02:27
Well, you can think of it
as a pattern模式 of information信息
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你可以理解为是一种信息的组合,
02:31
that helps帮助 you understand理解
and navigate导航 the world世界.
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能帮你理解和探索这个世界。
02:34
Ideas思路 come in all shapes形状 and sizes大小,
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想法是多种多样的,
02:36
from the complex复杂 and analytical分析
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有的复杂,有的简单,
02:38
to the simple简单 and aesthetic审美.
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有的理性,有的感性。
02:40
Here are just a few少数 examples例子
shared共享 from the TEDTED stage阶段.
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下面我举几个例子,
都发生在TED讲台上。
02:43
Sir先生 Ken Robinson罗宾逊 -- creativity创造力
is key to our kids'孩子们 future未来.
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肯·罗宾逊爵士——创造力
是决定孩子未来的关键。
02:47
(Video视频) Sir先生 Ken Robinson罗宾逊:
My contention争夺 is that creativity创造力 now
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(视频)肯·罗宾逊爵士:
我认为在教育中,
02:50
is as important重要 in education教育 as literacy读写能力,
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培养创造力和教读书写字一样重要,
02:53
and we should treat对待 it
with the same相同 status状态.
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我们应该同样重视。
02:56
Chris克里斯 Anderson安德森: Elora伊劳拉 Hardy哈迪 --
building建造 from bamboo is beautiful美丽.
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伊劳拉·哈迪——
竹制建筑的魅力。
02:59
(Video视频) Elora伊劳拉 Hardy哈迪:
It is growing生长 all around us,
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(视频)伊劳拉·哈迪:
竹子随处可见,
03:01
it's strong强大, it's elegant优雅,
it's earthquake-resistant抗震.
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很牢固,很优雅,可以抵御地震。
03:05
CACA: ChimamandaChimamanda AdichieAdichie --
people are more than a single identity身分.
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奇麻曼达·阿迪契——
人类并不只有单一属性。
03:09
(Video视频) ChimamandaChimamanda AdichieAdichie:
The single story故事 creates创建 stereotypes定型,
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(视频)奇麻曼达·阿迪契:
单一的故事会导致片面,
03:12
and the problem问题 with stereotypes定型
is not that they are untrue不确实,
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片面的问题并不在于它不正确,
03:17
but that they are incomplete残缺.
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而在于它不完整。
03:19
CACA: Your mind心神 is teeming丰富的 with ideas思路,
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你的大脑里充满了各种想法,
03:21
and not just randomly随机.
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它们并不是随机的,
03:23
They're carefully小心 linked关联 together一起.
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而是相互联系的。
03:25
Collectively they form形成
an amazingly令人惊讶 complex复杂 structure结构体
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它们汇集成神奇而复杂的体系,
03:28
that is your personal个人 worldview世界观.
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形成你的世界观。
03:30
It's your brain's大脑的 operating操作 system系统.
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是你大脑的操作系统。
03:32
It's how you navigate导航 the world世界.
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也是你探索世界的方式。
03:34
And it is built内置 up out of millions百万
of individual个人 ideas思路.
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是数百万个想法的大集合。
03:38
So, for example, if one little
component零件 of your worldview世界观
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比如说,你世界观中的一小部分
03:42
is the idea理念 that kittens小猫 are adorable可爱的,
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告诉你小猫很可爱,
03:44
then when you see this,
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那么当你看到小猫时,
03:47
you'll你会 react应对 like this.
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你就会抚摸它。
03:48
But if another另一个 component零件 of your worldview世界观
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而另一部分告诉你
03:51
is the idea理念 that leopards豹子 are dangerous危险,
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美洲豹很危险,
03:53
then when you see this,
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那么当你看见它时,
03:54
you'll你会 react应对 a little bit differently不同.
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你可能会撒腿就跑。
03:57
So, it's pretty漂亮 obvious明显
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所以显而易见,
03:59
why the ideas思路 that make up
your worldview世界观 are crucial关键.
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这些想法对于塑造你的
世界观至关重要。
04:03
You need them to be as reliable可靠
as possible可能 -- a guide指南,
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它们就像一名值得信赖的向导,
04:06
to the scary害怕 but wonderful精彩
real真实 world世界 out there.
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帮你应对这个美妙却又危险的世界。
04:09
Now, different不同 people's人们 worldviews世界观
can be dramatically显着 different不同.
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不同人的世界观截然不同。
04:14
For example,
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举个例子,
04:15
how does your worldview世界观 react应对
when you see this image图片:
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你对下面的视频会有什么反应?
04:19
(Video视频) Dalia达莉亚 MogahedMogahed:
What do you think when you look at me?
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(视频)达利亚·莫佳德:
你看到我的时候你在想什么?
04:22
"A woman女人 of faith信仰,"
"an expert专家," maybe even "a sister妹妹"?
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“有信仰的女人”,“专家”
甚至是“姐姐”?
04:28
Or "oppressed压迫," "brainwashed洗脑,"
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或者“受压迫的”,“被洗脑的”
04:32
"a terrorist恐怖分子"?
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还是“恐怖分子”?
04:33
CACA: Whatever随你 your answer回答,
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无论你的答案是什么,
04:35
there are millions百万 of people out there
who would react应对 very differently不同.
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成千上万的人,
就会有成千上万种答案。
正因为此,想法才非常重要。
04:38
So that's why ideas思路 really matter.
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04:40
If communicated传达 properly正确,
they're capable of changing改变, forever永远,
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通过正确的交流,想法可以永远地
04:44
how someone有人 thinks about the world世界,
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改变一个人的世界观,
04:46
and shaping成型 their actions行动 both now
and well into the future未来.
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影响他们现在和未来的的行为。
04:51
Ideas思路 are the most powerful强大 force
shaping成型 human人的 culture文化.
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想法是塑造人类文化
最强大的力量。
04:55
So if you accept接受
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如果你认同,
04:56
that your number one task任务
as a speaker扬声器 is to build建立 an idea理念
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演讲者最重要的
任务是提出一个想法,
04:59
inside the minds头脑 of your audience听众,
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并让听众认同,
05:01
here are four guidelines方针
for how you should go about that task任务:
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那么这里有四条原则你可以遵循:
05:04
One, limit限制 your talk
to just one major重大的 idea理念.
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第一,让你的演讲主题明确。
05:09
Ideas思路 are complex复杂 things;
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想法是复杂的,
05:11
you need to slash削减 back your content内容
so that you can focus焦点
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你要避免长篇大论,专注于
05:14
on the single idea理念
you're most passionate多情 about,
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最让你激动不已的那个想法,
05:17
and give yourself你自己 a chance机会
to explain说明 that one thing properly正确.
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并想办法把它解释清楚。
05:20
You have to give context上下文,
share分享 examples例子, make it vivid生动.
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你需要解释背景,
举例说明,娓娓道来。
05:24
So pick one idea理念,
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所以只挑选一个想法,
05:25
and make it the through-line直通线
running赛跑 through通过 your entire整个 talk,
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让它贯穿你的整个演讲,
05:29
so that everything you say
links链接 back to it in some way.
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让你讲的所有内容都能与之呼应。
05:33
Two, give your listeners听众 a reason原因 to care关心.
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第二,吸引你的听众。
05:37
Before you can start开始 building建造 things
inside the minds头脑 of your audience听众,
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在你将自己的想法灌输给观众之前,
05:41
you have to get their permission允许
to welcome欢迎 you in.
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你必须得到他们的允许。
05:44
And the main主要 tool工具 to achieve实现 that?
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那主要手段是什么呢?
05:46
Curiosity好奇心.
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好奇心。
05:47
Stir搅拌 your audience's观众的 curiosity好奇心.
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勾起观众的好奇心。
05:49
Use intriguing奇妙, provocative挑衅 questions问题
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提一些耐人寻味,引人入胜的问题
05:52
to identify鉴定 why something
doesn't make sense and needs需求 explaining说明.
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让大家发现有些事情
不合理,需要解释。
05:56
If you can reveal揭示 a disconnection断开
in someone's谁家 worldview世界观,
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如果你让某人发现,
他的世界观里有空白,
06:00
they'll他们会 feel the need
to bridge that knowledge知识 gap间隙.
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他们就会想把这缺口补上。
06:04
And once一旦 you've sparked引发 that desire欲望,
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一旦你勾起他们的求知欲,
06:06
it will be so much easier更轻松
to start开始 building建造 your idea理念.
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灌输你的想法就容易多了。
06:10
Three, build建立 your idea理念, piece by piece,
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第三,构筑你的想法,
一步一步来,
06:13
out of concepts概念 that your audience听众
already已经 understands理解.
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要使用观众已经了解的概念。
06:17
You use the power功率 of language语言
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用语言的力量,
06:18
to weave编织 together一起
concepts概念 that already已经 exist存在
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把观众脑海中已经存在的概念
06:21
in your listeners'听众' minds头脑 --
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重新整合——
06:23
but not your language语言, their language语言.
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不过要用观众能懂的语言。
06:25
You start开始 where they are.
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你要让他们跟上你的节奏。
06:27
The speakers音箱 often经常 forget忘记 that many许多
of the terms条款 and concepts概念 they live生活 with
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演讲者经常会忘记,
自己每天接触的术语和概念,
06:30
are completely全然 unfamiliar陌生
to their audiences观众.
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在观众们眼中可能就是天书。
06:33
Now, metaphors隐喻 can play a crucial关键 role角色
in showing展示 how the pieces fit适合 together一起,
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因此,善用比喻非常重要,
06:38
because they reveal揭示
the desired期望 shape形状 of the pattern模式,
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因为比喻是用听众已经了解的概念,
06:42
based基于 on an idea理念 that the listener倾听者
already已经 understands理解.
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来勾画缺失的那一块知识拼图。
06:46
For example, when Jennifer詹妮弗 Kahn卡恩
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比如,当珍妮弗·卡恩
06:48
wanted to explain说明 the incredible难以置信
new biotechnology生物技术 called CRISPRCRISPR,
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想解释一种叫做CRISPR的
最前端的生物技术时,
06:51
she said, "It's as if, for the first time,
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她说:“这项技术,就像你第一次
06:54
you had a word processor处理器 to edit编辑 DNA脱氧核糖核酸.
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拥有了一台可以编辑DNA的
文字处理机一样。
06:57
CRISPRCRISPR allows允许 you to cut and paste
genetic遗传 information信息 really easily容易."
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CRISPR能让你十分轻松的
剪切和粘贴基因组信息。”
07:02
Now, a vivid生动 explanation说明 like that
delivers提供 a satisfying满意的 aha moment时刻
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就这样,一个生动的描述,
让我们恍然大悟,
07:06
as it snaps按扣 into place地点 in our minds头脑.
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并且深深地印在了我们的脑海里。
07:08
It's important重要, therefore因此,
to test测试 your talk on trusted信任 friends朋友,
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在信任的朋友面前
试讲一下是很关键的,
07:12
and find out which哪一个 parts部分
they get confused困惑 by.
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你可以找出他们
听不懂的地方(加以修改)。
07:15
Four, here's这里的 the final最后 tip小费:
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第四条,也是最后一条:
07:17
Make your idea理念 worth价值 sharing分享.
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确定你的想法值得分享。
07:21
By that I mean, ask yourself你自己 the question:
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我的意思是,扪心自问:
07:23
"Who does this idea理念 benefit效益?"
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“这个想法对谁有好处?”
07:26
And I need you to be honest诚实
with the answer回答.
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你需要实事求是。
07:29
If the idea理念 only serves供应 you
or your organization组织,
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如果这个想法只服务于你或者你的组织,
07:32
then, I'm sorry to say,
it's probably大概 not worth价值 sharing分享.
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那么对不起,它也许不值得分享。
07:35
The audience听众 will see right through通过 you.
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观众也马上能发现这一点。
07:37
But if you believe that the idea理念
has the potential潜在
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但如果你认为自己的想法
07:40
to brighten变亮 up someone有人 else's别人的 day
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有可能照亮他人的人生,
07:42
or change更改 someone有人 else's别人的
perspective透视 for the better
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或者改善他人的观点,
07:45
or inspire启发 someone有人 to do
something differently不同,
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或者激励他人去改变,
07:48
then you have the core核心 ingredient成分
to a truly great talk,
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那么你就拥有了
一篇精彩演讲的核心元素,
所有人都会因此受益。
07:51
one that can be a gift礼品 to them
and to all of us.
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Translated by Limin Jiang
Reviewed by Alvin Lee

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Chris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading.

Why you should listen

Chris Anderson is the Curator of TED, a nonprofit devoted to sharing valuable ideas, primarily through the medium of 'TED Talks' -- short talks that are offered free online to a global audience.

Chris was born in a remote village in Pakistan in 1957. He spent his early years in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, where his parents worked as medical missionaries, and he attended an American school in the Himalayas for his early education. After boarding school in Bath, England, he went on to Oxford University, graduating in 1978 with a degree in philosophy, politics and economics.

Chris then trained as a journalist, working in newspapers and radio, including two years producing a world news service in the Seychelles Islands.

Back in the UK in 1984, Chris was captivated by the personal computer revolution and became an editor at one of the UK's early computer magazines. A year later he founded Future Publishing with a $25,000 bank loan. The new company initially focused on specialist computer publications but eventually expanded into other areas such as cycling, music, video games, technology and design, doubling in size every year for seven years. In 1994, Chris moved to the United States where he built Imagine Media, publisher of Business 2.0 magazine and creator of the popular video game users website IGN. Chris eventually merged Imagine and Future, taking the combined entity public in London in 1999, under the Future name. At its peak, it published 150 magazines and websites and employed 2,000 people.

This success allowed Chris to create a private nonprofit organization, the Sapling Foundation, with the hope of finding new ways to tackle tough global issues through media, technology, entrepreneurship and, most of all, ideas. In 2001, the foundation acquired the TED Conference, then an annual meeting of luminaries in the fields of Technology, Entertainment and Design held in Monterey, California, and Chris left Future to work full time on TED.

He expanded the conference's remit to cover all topics, including science, business and key global issues, while adding a Fellows program, which now has some 300 alumni, and the TED Prize, which grants its recipients "one wish to change the world." The TED stage has become a place for thinkers and doers from all fields to share their ideas and their work, capturing imaginations, sparking conversation and encouraging discovery along the way.

In 2006, TED experimented with posting some of its talks on the Internet. Their viral success encouraged Chris to begin positioning the organization as a global media initiative devoted to 'ideas worth spreading,' part of a new era of information dissemination using the power of online video. In June 2015, the organization posted its 2,000th talk online. The talks are free to view, and they have been translated into more than 100 languages with the help of volunteers from around the world. Viewership has grown to approximately one billion views per year.

Continuing a strategy of 'radical openness,' in 2009 Chris introduced the TEDx initiative, allowing free licenses to local organizers who wished to organize their own TED-like events. More than 8,000 such events have been held, generating an archive of 60,000 TEDx talks. And three years later, the TED-Ed program was launched, offering free educational videos and tools to students and teachers.

More profile about the speaker
Chris Anderson | Speaker | TED.com