TEDGlobal 2017
Magatte Wade: Why it's too hard to start a business in Africa -- and how to change it
玛格特.韦德: 为什么在非洲，创业如此之难？我们要如何改变这一切？
Filmed:
Readability: 2.6
571,196 views
企业家Magatte Wade认为所有非洲国家的贫穷可以归结于同一个原因：那就是政府 人为的设置了太多的障碍，从而阻止了大家创业。在这个充满激情的演讲中，Wade提出了她自己对此的解决方案，同时也号召其他领导者一起参与进来，改变这一切。
Magatte Wade - Brand creator
Magatte Wade creates jobs in Africa -- and calls attention to the obstacles to job creation on the continent. Full bio
Magatte Wade creates jobs in Africa -- and calls attention to the obstacles to job creation on the continent. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Today, what I want to share with you
is something that happened to me,
is something that happened to me,
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今天， 我希望和你们分享
发生在我生活中的一些事，
发生在我生活中的一些事，
00:17
actually, around four
weeks ago, it happened.
weeks ago, it happened.
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实际上，这大约发生在四周前。
00:19
Words were said to me that I never thought
I would ever hear it said to my face
I would ever hear it said to my face
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我从没想到有人会当面对我说出
00:26
by another human being.
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这样的话。
00:28
And those words, they shattered my heart.
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这些话让我心碎。
00:33
And at the same time,
they filled it with so much hope.
they filled it with so much hope.
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但同时，这些话听起来也充满了希望。
00:38
And the whole experience
renewed my commitment
renewed my commitment
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这次的经历让我重新思考了
我今天将要分享的观点。
00:43
to the idea that I came
to share with you today.
to share with you today.
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00:45
You see, I tell everyone
that I am a haunted person.
that I am a haunted person.
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我跟别人说我经常心神不宁。
00:51
What haunts me is the impossible stories,
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让我焦虑的是那些匪夷所思的故事，
00:56
story after story after story after story
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不断重复发生的故事，
00:59
of young people, my people, people like me
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发生在像我一样的年轻人身上的故事，
01:04
dying out there on the ocean, right now,
laying at the bottom of the ocean,
laying at the bottom of the ocean,
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死在海洋里，现在躺在海洋的最深处，
被鱼吃掉。
01:09
serving as fish food.
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01:13
Do you really think
that's the best we can do?
that's the best we can do?
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你真的觉得我们的最好结果是这样？
01:15
To serve as fish food?
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成为鱼的食物？
01:18
And for those of them
who are trying to migrate to Europe --
who are trying to migrate to Europe --
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而对于那些努力逃离到
欧洲的人来说——
欧洲的人来说——
01:20
because that's what it is all about,
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这是他们唯一的出路，
01:22
they are trying to migrate
to Europe to find a job.
to Europe to find a job.
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他们为了找到一份工作
而努力尝试移民去欧洲。
而努力尝试移民去欧洲。
通过利比亚。
01:25
Going through Libya.
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01:27
Do you know what happens to us
when we're trying to cross through Libya
when we're trying to cross through Libya
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你知道当我们穿越利比亚的边境线，
被困在那时会发生什么吗？
01:30
and we're trapped over there?
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01:32
Well, we're being sold as slaves.
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我们会被当成奴隶来卖掉，
01:36
For 300 dollars,
maybe sometimes 500 dollars.
maybe sometimes 500 dollars.
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通常是300美元，或者500美元
就可以买下我们。
就可以买下我们。
01:43
Sometimes I hear stories
of bodies that fall off an airplane.
of bodies that fall off an airplane.
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我听说过一些飞机上
掉落尸体的故事。
掉落尸体的故事。
01:48
Somebody hid in
the landing gear of a plane
the landing gear of a plane
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这些人藏身于飞机的起落架下面，
01:51
or in the cargo section of a plane,
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或者是躲在飞机的货物舱，
然后发现他们最后都被冻死了。
01:52
and then you find them frozen to death.
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01:56
Wouldn't you be haunted if, like me,
from the moment you were a little girl,
from the moment you were a little girl,
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如果你小的时候就听到这样的故事，
你怎么能不害怕呢？
你怎么能不害怕呢？
02:00
you hear these stories
and they keep repeating themselves,
and they keep repeating themselves,
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你不停地听到这些故事，
同时这些故事
同时这些故事
也在不断的发生时。
02:02
over and over and over?
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这一切怎么能不让你害怕担忧呢？
02:04
Wouldn't you be haunted?
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02:05
That's my case.
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这就是我所经历的一切。
02:07
And at the same time, you know,
as my people are dying,
as my people are dying,
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如你所知，我身边的人、
我的民族在死去的同时，
我的民族在死去的同时，
我所来自的文化也正在消失，
02:10
my culture is also dying.
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02:11
There, I said it.
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我终于说出来了。
02:13
Because, you know,
we have this culture inferiority,
we have this culture inferiority,
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我们有这种文化自卑感，
02:15
which means that anything
that comes from us is not good enough.
that comes from us is not good enough.
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意思就是我们生产的一切东西
都不够好。
都不够好。
02:18
But you know, in my situation,
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从我的情况来看，
02:20
and because I was raised to criticize
by creating, it's Michelangelos.
by creating, it's Michelangelos.
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我从小被教育要努力创新，
像米开朗基罗一样。
像米开朗基罗一样。
02:25
My father said, "Do not
come to me with problems
come to me with problems
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我父亲总是这样教育我：
“永远不要带着问题来找我，
“永远不要带着问题来找我，
除非你已经有几个解决办法了，
02:27
unless you thought
of a couple alternatives.
of a couple alternatives.
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这些办法不一定要靠谱，
02:29
They don't have to be right,
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但总得让我知道
你有在思考解决办法。”
你有在思考解决办法。”
02:31
but I just want to know
that you thought of something."
that you thought of something."
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这也是我对人生的态度：
发现问题，那就想方设法解决它！
发现问题，那就想方设法解决它！
02:33
So, I have this attitude in life --
something is wrong, find a way to fix it.
something is wrong, find a way to fix it.
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这也是为什么我开始创业的原因，
02:37
And that's why I start
the businesses that I start,
the businesses that I start,
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这些消费者品牌，
02:40
that's usually consumer brands,
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都被嵌入了非洲文化中
最好的那一部分。
最好的那一部分。
02:41
that have embedded in them
the very best of my African culture.
the very best of my African culture.
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02:44
And what I do is it's all packaged,
21st century, world-class tendered,
21st century, world-class tendered,
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我把货物按照世界级市场标准
打包好，
打包好，
02:49
and I bring that to one of the most
sophisticated markets in the world,
sophisticated markets in the world,
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然后再把他们带到世界上
最成熟的一个市场里，
最成熟的一个市场里，
02:54
which is the US.
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美国市场里面！
02:56
First company was a beverage company,
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第一家公司是生产饮料的饮品公司，
02:58
second one is a skin care company,
third one is launching next month,
third one is launching next month,
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第二家公司主打护肤，
第三家公司将在下个月开张，
第三家公司将在下个月开张，
03:02
and they all have that in common.
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这三家公司都跟从同样的模型。
03:05
So, why are these people leaving?
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为什么这些人都在离开？
03:09
They're leaving because they have no jobs.
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他们离开是因为他们找不到工作，
03:13
They're leaving because
where they are, there's no jobs.
where they are, there's no jobs.
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他们离开是因为他们所在
的地方没能提供工作，
的地方没能提供工作，
所以，
03:15
So ...
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03:18
But poverty, that's really striking them,
is the root cause of why they're leaving.
is the root cause of why they're leaving.
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贫穷，是他们离开的根本原因。
03:24
Now, why are people poor?
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那现在问题来了，为什么这些人会贫穷？
03:27
People are poor
because they have no money.
because they have no money.
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人们之所以穷是因为他们没有钱，
没有钱是因为没有收入来源。
03:29
You have no money
because you have no source of income.
because you have no source of income.
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对我们大多数人来说，收入来源于哪？
03:31
And for most of us,
what is a source of income?
what is a source of income?
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来，告诉我，什么能给我们带来收入？
03:33
For most of us, what is our
source of income, what is it, tell me?
source of income, what is it, tell me?
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03:37
Jobs, thank you.
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工作！（对台下观众：谢谢）
03:38
Where do jobs come from?
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那工作从哪里来？
03:41
Come from where?
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从哪里能得到工作？
03:43
Businesses, thank you.
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企业！
03:46
Now, if jobs is what fixes poverty,
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如果工作是解决贫困的方案，
03:50
and jobs come from businesses,
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而工作机会来源于商业发展、企业发展，
03:52
don't you think --
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你不觉得——
03:53
especially, they come from small
and medium size enterprises, SMEs --
and medium size enterprises, SMEs --
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尤其是来源于中小企业！
03:57
then don't you think, maybe for a second,
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你是否有那么一刻想过，
03:59
that we should focus on making it easy
for a small-business person
for a small-business person
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我们应该给小企业家
在开始创业的时候提供更多的便利条件。
04:04
to start and run their business?
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04:05
Don't you think that it makes sense?
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你不觉得这个想法很合理吗？
04:07
Why is it that when I look
at the Doing Business index ranking
at the Doing Business index ranking
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当我看由世界银行公布的创业难易程度
排行榜时，
04:10
of the World Bank,
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这个排行榜衡量了这个世界上所有国家
04:11
that ranks every country in the world
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的创业难易程度。
04:14
in terms of how easy or hard
it is to start a company,
it is to start a company,
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04:17
you tell me why African countries,
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为什么非洲国家，
04:20
all 50 of them,
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那50个非洲国家
04:21
are basically at the bottom of that list?
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全部都在榜单的最后面？
04:26
That's why we're poor.
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这就是我们贫穷的原因。
04:28
We're poor because
it is literally impossible
it is literally impossible
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我们贫穷是因为在非洲的这些国家
04:31
to do businesses
in these countries of ours.
in these countries of ours.
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创业几乎是不可能的！
04:34
But I'm going to tell you exactly
what it means on the ground
what it means on the ground
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我将从我的角度来告诉你
04:37
for someone like me.
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这具体是什么意思。
我在塞内加尔有一个加工厂，
04:38
I have a manufacturing
facility in Senegal.
facility in Senegal.
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你知道我根本没办法在我的国家
找到我要的生产原材料吗？
找到我要的生产原材料吗？
04:40
Did you know that for all my raw material
that I can't find in the country,
that I can't find in the country,
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04:44
I have to pay a 45 percent tariff
on everything that comes in?
on everything that comes in?
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我需要为所需要的进口的
原材料支付45%的关税。
原材料支付45%的关税。
04:48
Forty-five percent tariff.
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45%的关税呀！
04:51
Do you know that,
even to look for fine cardboard
even to look for fine cardboard
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你知道吗，即使只是
简单地找一些硬纸箱
简单地找一些硬纸箱
04:53
to ship my finished products to the US,
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用来装我们生产好的产品，运去美国，
04:55
I can't find new, finished cardboard?
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我都做不到。我找不到
全新的做好的硬纸箱。
全新的做好的硬纸箱。
04:58
Impossible.
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完全做不到！
04:59
Because the distributors
are not going to come here
are not going to come here
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因为所有的经销商
都不会去塞内加尔
都不会去塞内加尔
05:01
to start their business,
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开厂、开公司，
05:02
because it makes no sense, either.
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因为这样做很不理智。
05:04
So right now, I have to mobilize
3000 dollars' worth of cardboard
3000 dollars' worth of cardboard
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所以我不得不调集一批
价值3000美元的硬纸板
价值3000美元的硬纸板
05:07
in my warehouse,
so that I can have cardboard,
so that I can have cardboard,
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放在我的仓库，以供使用，
不然的话，五个星期内他们没办法到货。
05:09
and they won't arrive
for another five weeks.
for another five weeks.
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我们创业的想法被那些没有
道理的法律扼杀在摇篮里！
道理的法律扼杀在摇篮里！
05:12
The fact that we are stifled
with the most nonsensical laws out there.
with the most nonsensical laws out there.
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05:17
That's why we can't run businesses.
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这就是我们没法运营企业的原因，
05:19
It's like swimming through molasses.
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这就像是在蜜糖里游泳。
（一样不可能）
（一样不可能）
05:21
So, what can you do about that?
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对这一切你能做些什么？
05:26
I told you today that someone
said to me words that marked me,
said to me words that marked me,
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有个人曾经说了一些让我有感触的话。
因为我也曾向塞内加尔工厂
的员工解释过一样的事情。
的员工解释过一样的事情。
05:30
because I explained the same thing
to my employees in Senegal.
to my employees in Senegal.
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05:33
And one of them started crying --
her name is Yahara.
her name is Yahara.
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一个名叫Yahara的员工
——当时就哭了。
——当时就哭了。
05:36
She started crying.
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她哭了。
05:37
I said, "Why are you crying?"
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我问她你为什么哭
05:38
She said, "I'm crying
because I had come to believe --
because I had come to believe --
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她说：“我哭是因为我意识到——
05:42
always seeing us
represented as poor people --
represented as poor people --
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为什么我们总是被视作穷人，
05:44
I had come to believe that maybe,
yes, maybe we are inferior.
yes, maybe we are inferior.
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我一度认为，
是因为我们是劣等的民族。
是因为我们是劣等的民族。
05:49
Because, otherwise, how do you explain
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不然要怎么解释
05:51
that we're always
in the begging situation?"
in the begging situation?"
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我们总处在一种像乞讨的状态。”
05:54
That's what broke my heart.
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这让我很难过，
05:56
But at the same time that she said that,
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但同时她也说了：
05:58
because of how I explained
just what I explained to you,
just what I explained to you,
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因为听了我刚刚跟你们解释的那些事情，
06:00
she said, "But now, I know
that I am not the problem.
that I am not the problem.
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她说：“现在我知道我不是问题的根源，
06:03
It is my environment in which I live,
that's my problem."
that's my problem."
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我的问题来源于我生活的这个环境。”
06:06
I said, "Yes."
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我说：“你说对了！”
06:08
And that's what gave me hope --
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（她的领悟）这也给了我希望
06:10
that once people get it,
they now change their outlook on life.
they now change their outlook on life.
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当人们意识到这一点，他们
对生活的看法就会随之改变。
对生活的看法就会随之改变。
06:14
Here, what are some
of our solutions, then?
of our solutions, then?
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我们对这些问题的解决方案有什么？
06:16
If jobs is a solution,
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如果工作是解决的办法，
06:17
don't you think, then,
that we should be simplifying
that we should be simplifying
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那我们就应该让这些国家的创业环境
06:20
the business environment
of all of these countries?
of all of these countries?
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变得更容易更简单。
06:23
Don't you think?
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你不觉得吗？
06:24
And along with you,
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同时，
06:26
I would like for all of your friends
from the other 50 countries
from the other 50 countries
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我希望榜单后面的那50个国家
06:29
that are on the bottom of that list
to do the same thing.
to do the same thing.
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一起参与进来做这件事，
06:31
You do that, we do the rest of the job.
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你承担你的责任，我们做剩下的部分。
06:33
I'm doing my part of the game,
what are you doing?
what are you doing?
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我承担了我的责任，那你呢？
06:36
(Applause)
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(鼓掌)
06:37
What are you doing?
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你做了什么？
06:38
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
06:40
What are you doing?
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你做了什么？
06:42
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
06:43
And as for you,
everybody here in this room,
everybody here in this room,
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对于你，对于这个房间里的所有人，
06:45
I leave you with two marching orders.
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我要给你们一个建议：
06:47
Get in the game,
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参与进来，
06:48
and the way you get in it
is educate yourself,
is educate yourself,
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参与进来的方式就是教育自我，
06:50
build awareness around yourself,
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围绕自己建立觉悟，
06:52
and then also advocate
for e-government solutions.
for e-government solutions.
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然后也去宣传这个电子政务解决方法。
06:55
He said, "Oh, corruption,
how do we fight corruption?"
how do we fight corruption?"
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有人说：腐败！
我们要如何根除腐败？
我们要如何根除腐败？
06:58
Well, as a matter of fact,
I'm here to tell you
I'm here to tell you
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我来告诉你怎么做，
07:00
that yes, you can do it
by the stroke of a pen.
by the stroke of a pen.
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你只需要拿笔出来记下就可以做到，
07:02
You do not need anyone to tell you
when and how to do that.
when and how to do that.
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你不需要其他人来告诉你
什么时候做什么事。
什么时候做什么事。
事实上你只需要做一件事，
07:05
It is one thing, actually,
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07:07
that you don't need to wait
for anyone to do, so do it.
for anyone to do, so do it.
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你不需要等其他人来做。
你只要去做就可以了。
你只要去做就可以了。
07:10
Otherwise, don't come and tell me
that you want to fix corruption.
that you want to fix corruption.
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除此之外，不要跟我说
你想解决腐败问题。
你想解决腐败问题。
07:13
You and your other 50 friends
from the other 50 countries
from the other 50 countries
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对你和其他来自那榜单最下面的
07:16
that are at the bottom of that list.
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50个国家的朋友来说，
07:18
That's how you fight corruption.
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这是你们解决腐败的方法：
07:20
If you were only charging me 5 percent
to get my stuff in the country,
to get my stuff in the country,
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如果你对我进口的原材料只征收
07:23
my raw material,
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5%的关税，
07:24
instead of the 45 percent,
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而不是45%的关税，
07:26
do you really think
that I would have to go a pay a bribe?
that I would have to go a pay a bribe?
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你觉得我还有必要去贿赂吗？
07:28
That's what breeds corruption.
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这些都是滋生腐败的原因。
07:30
Bad laws, sets of horrible, nonsense laws.
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都是这一系列不合理的，可怕的法律。
07:35
(Applause) (Cheers)
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（鼓掌欢呼）
07:37
Right?
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对吗？
07:38
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
07:44
You want to fight corruption?
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你想解决腐败问题吗？
07:46
That's what you do.
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这就是你需要做的。
07:47
And again, remember,
you don't need to wait for anyone.
you don't need to wait for anyone.
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再一次重申，记住，
你不需要等其他人一起
你不需要等其他人一起
07:49
You can do that by yourself.
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你一个人就可以做这些事情。
除非你告诉我，你们
没有独立的国家主权。
没有独立的国家主权。
07:51
Unless you're telling me
that maybe you have no sovereignty,
that maybe you have no sovereignty,
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那这就是另一个问题了。
07:54
and that's a whole other problem.
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07:55
OK, so, from here on,
I have simple words for our "leaders."
I have simple words for our "leaders."
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我有一些简单的提议
给我们的“领导者”，
给我们的“领导者”，
08:03
This can go two ways.
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这件事可以有两种结果，
08:06
It can go the nasty way,
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它可以变得更糟，
08:07
because we have hundreds
of millions of young people
of millions of young people
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因为我们有数亿的年轻人出生，
08:10
coming to life right now, here,
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进入社会，
08:13
and if they don't have an outlook in life,
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如果他们认为不会
有一个美好的未来，
有一个美好的未来，
08:16
they are going to go for a revolution.
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他们要走向革命时，
08:17
They're going to go for violence.
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他们就会用暴力解决问题。
08:19
And none of us wants that.
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没有谁想要这样的结果，
08:21
None, none of us.
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没有人！
08:22
That's the one way it can go.
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这是其中的一种结果，
08:24
Or the second way it can go is,
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还有另一条路可以选，
08:25
all this happens peacefully, productively,
and everything is good,
and everything is good,
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一条和平的美好的有生产效率的路。
08:29
and you do what you need to do,
you get out of my way,
you get out of my way,
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你需要做的就是不要阻碍我，
08:31
you let people like me do our job,
we create all these jobs we need,
we create all these jobs we need,
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让我们自己创造、提供
我们所需要的工作岗位，
我们所需要的工作岗位，
08:35
and then Africa becomes
this very prosperous country
this very prosperous country
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这样非洲就会成为一个
有希望的领土，
有希望的领土，
08:38
that it's designed to be,
it should have been for a long time.
it should have been for a long time.
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非洲早就应该是这样的
有希望的领土，
有希望的领土，
08:41
It happens like that, everybody's happy,
we move on with our lives.
we move on with our lives.
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每个人都可以有一个
幸福光明的未来。
幸福光明的未来。
08:44
It can happen in two ways --
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这件事可以有两个发展方向：
08:46
pick violence or you pick
the calm, productive way.
the calm, productive way.
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选择暴力解决
抑或是和平解决。
抑或是和平解决。
08:49
I want the calm, productive way.
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我想要的是和平解决问题。
08:51
None of us should ever,
ever even try to think
ever even try to think
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我们不应该去想
08:53
about what else could happen
if we don't go there.
if we don't go there.
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那些因为我们没能做到
而导致的坏结果。
而导致的坏结果。
08:55
So, please.
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所以，你们
08:57
And the time has come.
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是时候参与进来了。
08:58
This type of picture -- prosperity,
happiness, human flourishing --
happiness, human flourishing --
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我能想象到一个繁荣美好幸福的未来，
09:02
that's what I see if we do our job.
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只要我们尽力去完成
我们应做的那一部分。
我们应做的那一部分。
09:04
Thank you.
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谢谢！
09:05
(Applause) (Cheering)
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（鼓掌欢呼）
09:07
Thank you.
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谢谢
09:08
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Magatte Wade - Brand creatorMagatte Wade creates jobs in Africa -- and calls attention to the obstacles to job creation on the continent.
Why you should listen
Magatte Wade's first company, Adina World Beverages, brought Senegalese bissap to US consumers through Whole Foods Market, Wegmans and United Natural Foods, Inc. Her second company, Tiossan, brought Senegalese skin care recipes to US consumers through Nordstrom and boutique beauty retailers. Her third company, SkinIsSkin, manufactures lip balms based on Senegalese ingredients in Senegal and markets them in the US to reduce racial bias.
Based on her experiences creating consumer brands and building agricultural and manufacturing capacity in Senegal, Wade has spoken at dozens of universities including Oxford, Harvard, Yale, Columbia and MIT, among other, as well as at global conferences on innovation and economic development in France, Dubai, Guatemala, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia and many more. She writes for the Huffington Post, Barron's, and the UK Guardian. She is a Young Global Leader with the World Economic Forum at Davos and has appeared on the cover of Forbes Afrique. She was also named one of the "Twenty Young Power Women of Africa" by Forbes US.
Magatte Wade | Speaker | TED.com