ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Hanna Rosin - Journalist
Hanna Rosin isn’t afraid to shine a skeptical spotlight on people’s cherished ideals, whether it’s politically correct dogma or the conservative Christian agenda.

Why you should listen

Hanna Rosin is the sort of journalist who dares to articulate what people are thinking – only they hadn’t realized it yet. Born in Israel and raised in Queens, the co-founder of women’s site DoubleX (an offshoot of Slate) and contributing editor at the Atlantic Monthly is probably best known for the furor raised by her article titled (not by her) “The End of Men”—which asserts that the era of male dominance has come to an end as women gain power in the postindustrial economy. A similar furor greeted her well-researched piece “The Case Against Breastfeeding,” which questioned the degree to which scientific evidence supports breast-feeding’s touted benefits.

Rosin has covered religion and politics for the Washington Post and contributes to such publications as the New Yorker and the New Republic. Her book God’s Harvard: A Christian College on a Mission to Save America peers into the inner workings of Patrick Henry College, a seven-year school for evangelical Christians aspiring to political and cultural influence. 

More profile about the speaker
Hanna Rosin | Speaker | TED.com
TEDWomen 2010

Hanna Rosin: New data on the rise of women

漢娜羅辛:女性崛起的新數據

Filmed:
1,047,470 views

漢娜羅辛談論到這些令人吃驚的新數據,顯示女性在許多重要要測量基準上都超越了男性,像是大學畢業的比率。這些以美國為中心、或全球化的趨勢,是否為「男性終點」的標誌?或許不是,但此指出了一個值得被討論的社會變遷。
- Journalist
Hanna Rosin isn’t afraid to shine a skeptical spotlight on people’s cherished ideals, whether it’s politically correct dogma or the conservative Christian agenda. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
We are now going through通過 an amazing驚人 and unprecedented史無前例 moment時刻
0
0
3000
我們正在經歷驚人且前所未有的時刻
00:18
where the power功率 dynamics動力學 between之間 men男人 and women婦女
1
3000
2000
此時男人和女人之間的權力,
00:20
are shifting very rapidly急速,
2
5000
3000
正迅速的移轉。
00:23
and in many許多 of the places地方 where it counts計數 the most,
3
8000
2000
在許多重量級的領域,
00:25
women婦女 are, in fact事實, taking服用 control控制 of everything.
4
10000
3000
女人正在掌管一切。
00:28
In my mother's母親 day, she didn't go to college學院.
5
13000
2000
在我母親那個時代,她沒有上大學,
00:30
Not a lot of women婦女 did.
6
15000
2000
大部分的女人都沒有。
00:32
And now, for every一切 two men男人 who get a college學院 degree,
7
17000
3000
而如今,每兩個男性得到大學學位的同時,
00:35
three women婦女 will do the same相同.
8
20000
2000
就有三個女人亦達到相同成就。
00:37
Women婦女, for the first time this year,
9
22000
2000
在今年女性首度
00:39
became成為 the majority多數 of the American美國 workforce勞動力.
10
24000
2000
成為美國勞動力的多數人口,
00:41
And they're starting開始 to dominate支配 lots of professions職業 --
11
26000
3000
且她們開始在許多職業中佔重要地位—
00:44
doctors醫生, lawyers律師,
12
29000
2000
醫生、律師、
00:46
bankers銀行家, accountants會計師.
13
31000
2000
銀行家、會計師...
00:48
Over 50 percent百分 of managers經理 are women婦女 these days,
14
33000
3000
現今有超過半數的經理人皆為女性,
00:51
and in the 15 professions職業
15
36000
2000
預計在未來十年
00:53
projected預計 to grow增長 the most in the next下一個 decade,
16
38000
2000
會大幅成長的十五種職業領域中,
00:55
all but two of them are dominated佔主導地位 by women婦女.
17
40000
2000
有十三種會被女性所主宰。
00:57
So the global全球 economy經濟 is becoming變得 a place地點
18
42000
2000
故可知女性在全球經濟場域中,
00:59
where women婦女 are more successful成功 than men男人,
19
44000
2000
表現已逐漸比男性突出,
01:01
believe it or not,
20
46000
2000
信不信由你。
01:03
and these economic經濟 changes變化
21
48000
2000
這些在經濟上的改變
01:05
are starting開始 to rapidly急速 affect影響 our culture文化 --
22
50000
2000
正開始迅速的影響我們的文化—
01:07
what our romantic浪漫 comedies喜劇 look like,
23
52000
2000
我們的浪漫喜劇、
01:09
what our marriages婚姻 look like,
24
54000
2000
我們的婚姻形式、
01:11
what our dating約會 lives生活 look like,
25
56000
2000
我們的男女交往方式、
01:13
and our new set of superheroes超級英雄.
26
58000
2000
以及我們對超級英雄的新詮釋。
01:15
For a long time, this is the image圖片 of American美國 manhood男子氣概 that dominated佔主導地位 --
27
60000
3000
長久以來,這就是美國男子氣概的形象:
01:18
tough強硬, rugged崎嶇,
28
63000
2000
剛硬、粗曠、
01:20
in control控制 of his own擁有 environment環境.
29
65000
2000
掌控著自己的領域。
01:22
A few少數 years年份 ago, the Marlboro萬寶路 Man was retired退休
30
67000
2000
萬保龍先生在幾年前已退休了(譯註:萬寶龍曾在廣告中以牛仔強調自家商品的男子氣概)
01:24
and replaced更換 by this
31
69000
2000
取而代之的是這個—
01:26
much less impressive有聲有色 specimen標本,
32
71000
2000
不那麼令人印象深刻的典型—
01:28
who is a parody滑稽模仿 of American美國 manhood男子氣概,
33
73000
2000
美國男子氣概的搞怪版,
01:30
and that's what we have in our commercials廣告 today今天.
34
75000
3000
這就是我們現在的廣告。
01:33
The phrase短語 "first-born第一胎 son兒子"
35
78000
2000
「長子」這個字眼
01:35
is so deeply ingrained根深蒂固 in our consciousness意識
36
80000
3000
在我們的腦中是如此根深蒂固,
01:38
that this statistic統計 alone單獨 shocked吃驚 me.
37
83000
2000
以致於單單是這個數據就使我震驚:
01:40
In American美國 fertility生育能力 clinics診所,
38
85000
2000
在美國人工生育診所,
01:42
75 percent百分 of couples情侶
39
87000
2000
有四分之三的夫妻
01:44
are requesting請求 girls女孩 and not boys男孩.
40
89000
2000
要求女孩而非男孩;
01:46
And in places地方 where you wouldn't不會 think,
41
91000
2000
並且在你絕對想像不到的地方,
01:48
such這樣 as South Korea韓國, India印度 and China中國,
42
93000
3000
像是南韓、印度、和中國,
01:51
the very strict嚴格 patriarchal重男輕女 societies社會
43
96000
2000
這些嚴格的父系家族長制社會,
01:53
are starting開始 to break打破 down a little,
44
98000
2000
正在鬆動,
01:55
and families家庭 are no longer
45
100000
2000
且這些家庭
01:57
strongly非常 preferring寧願 first-born第一胎 sons兒子.
46
102000
3000
不再對長子有著強烈偏愛。
02:00
If you think about this, if you just open打開 your eyes眼睛 to this possibility可能性
47
105000
3000
如果你去思考這件事、如果你張開眼睛看看這個可能性,
02:03
and start開始 to connect the dots,
48
108000
2000
並開始連接這些點,
02:05
you can see the evidence證據 everywhere到處.
49
110000
2000
你可以發現證據無所不在,
02:07
You can see it in college學院 graduation畢業 patterns模式,
50
112000
2000
在大學的畢業情形、
02:09
in job工作 projections預測,
51
114000
2000
在工作預估、
02:11
in our marriage婚姻 statistics統計,
52
116000
2000
在我們的婚姻統計數據上。
02:13
you can see it in the Icelandic冰島的 elections選舉, which哪一個 you'll你會 hear about later後來,
53
118000
3000
你可以在冰島的選舉中看見,等一下你將會聽到,
02:16
and you can see it on South Korean朝鮮的 surveys調查 on son兒子 preference偏愛,
54
121000
3000
你也可以在南韓關於對兒子的偏愛的研究上看到,
02:19
that something amazing驚人 and unprecedented史無前例
55
124000
2000
一些驚人且空前的事情
02:21
is happening事件 with women婦女.
56
126000
2000
發生在女性身上。
02:23
Certainly當然 this is not the first time that we've我們已經 had great progress進展 with women婦女.
57
128000
3000
當然這不是女性的第一次重大進展,
02:26
The '20s and the '60s also come to mind心神.
58
131000
3000
1920年代和1960年代也是,
02:29
But the difference區別 is that, back then,
59
134000
2000
但不同之處在於,那個時候,
02:31
it was driven驅動 by a very passionate多情 feminist女權主義者 movement運動
60
136000
3000
是由試著要實現自身欲望的、
02:34
that was trying to project項目 its own擁有 desires慾望,
61
139000
2000
熱血的女權運動所推動;
02:36
whereas this time, it's not about passion,
62
141000
2000
反之,這次,無關乎激情、
02:38
and it's not about any kind of movement運動.
63
143000
2000
也無關乎任何類型的運動,
02:40
This is really just about the facts事實
64
145000
2000
這完全只繫於,
02:42
of this economic經濟 moment時刻 that we live生活 in.
65
147000
2000
我們所處的經濟時代的現實。
02:44
The 200,000-year-年 period
66
149000
2000
二十萬年來
02:46
in which哪一個 men男人 have been top最佳 dog
67
151000
2000
男性當道的時期,
02:48
is truly coming未來 to an end結束, believe it or not,
68
153000
3000
已經走到了盡頭,信不信由你,
02:51
and that's why I talk about the "end結束 of men男人."
69
156000
3000
那就是我為何我說這是男性的終點。
02:54
Now all you men男人 out there,
70
159000
2000
在座的各位男性,
02:56
this is not the moment時刻 where you tune調 out or throw some tomatoes番茄,
71
161000
3000
現在不是裝作沒看到或丟番茄的時候,(譯註:在西方,丟蕃茄有時是表達不滿之意)
02:59
because the point is that this
72
164000
2000
因為重點是,
03:01
is happening事件 to all of us.
73
166000
2000
這正發生在我們所有人身上。
03:03
I myself have a husband丈夫 and a father父親
74
168000
3000
我本人有丈夫和父親、
03:06
and two sons兒子 whom I dearly深深地 love.
75
171000
2000
還有兩個我深愛的兒子
03:08
And this is why I like to talk about this,
76
173000
2000
這就是為何我想談論這件事,
03:10
because if we don't acknowledge確認 it,
77
175000
2000
因為如果我們不承認之,
03:12
then the transition過渡 will be pretty漂亮 painful痛苦.
78
177000
2000
則過渡期會很痛苦;
03:14
But if we do take account帳戶 of it,
79
179000
2000
但若我們有考慮過,
03:16
then I think it will go much more smoothly順利.
80
181000
2000
則我認為會進行的更加順利。
03:19
I first started開始 thinking思維 about this about a year and a half ago.
81
184000
3000
我開始思考這件事是在一年半前,
03:22
I was reading headlines新聞頭條 about the recession不景氣 just like anyone任何人 else其他,
82
187000
3000
我那時正在和其他人一樣,閱讀關於經濟衰退的頭條新聞,
03:25
and I started開始 to notice注意 a distinct不同 pattern模式 --
83
190000
2000
然後我開始注意到一個明顯的狀況—
03:27
that the recession不景氣 was affecting影響 men男人
84
192000
3000
那就是經濟不景氣對男性的影響
03:30
much more deeply than it was affecting影響 women婦女.
85
195000
2000
遠大於對女性的影響。
03:32
And I remembered記得 back to about 10 years年份 ago
86
197000
2000
我記得約十年前,
03:34
when I read a book by Susan蘇珊 Faludi露迪
87
199000
3000
當我正閱讀Susan Faludi所著的
03:37
called "Stiffed加勁: The Betrayal辜負 of the American美國 Man,"
88
202000
3000
《僵局:美國男性的背叛》一書時,
03:40
in which哪一個 she described描述 how hard the recession不景氣 had hit擊中 men男人,
89
205000
3000
她在書中描述不景氣是如何嚴重打擊了男性,
03:43
and I started開始 to think about
90
208000
2000
我開始思考
03:45
whether是否 it had gotten得到 worse更差 this time around in this recession不景氣.
91
210000
3000
是不是這次的不景氣更嚴重呢?
03:48
And I realized實現 that two things were different不同 this time around.
92
213000
3000
然後我意識到這次有兩件事不同:
03:51
The first was that
93
216000
2000
首先,
03:53
these were no longer just temporary臨時 hits點擊
94
218000
2000
這些不再只是不景氣對男性
03:55
that the recession不景氣 was giving men男人 --
95
220000
2000
暫時的衝擊;
03:57
that this was reflecting反映 a deeper更深
96
222000
2000
這反映出全球經濟
03:59
underlying底層 shift轉移 in our global全球 economy經濟.
97
224000
2000
一個更深層的轉變。
04:01
And second第二, that the story故事 was no longer
98
226000
2000
第二,這不再只關係到
04:03
just about the crisis危機 of men男人,
99
228000
2000
男性的危機,
04:05
but it was also about what was happening事件 to women婦女.
100
230000
2000
也關係到女性。
04:07
And now look at this second第二 set of slides幻燈片.
101
232000
2000
現在,來看看第二組投影片:
04:09
These are headlines新聞頭條 about what's been going on with women婦女 in the next下一個 few少數 years年份.
102
234000
3000
這是幾則關於未來幾年將發生關於女性的頭條新聞
04:12
These are things we never could have imagined想像 a few少數 years年份 ago.
103
237000
3000
這是我們過去幾年完全無法想像的事情—
04:15
Women婦女, a majority多數 of the workplace職場.
104
240000
2000
女性,職場上的主體。
04:17
And labor勞動 statistics統計: women婦女 take up most managerial管理的 jobs工作.
105
242000
3000
勞動力統計數據:女性佔管理職務的大半。
04:20
This second第二 set of headlines新聞頭條 --
106
245000
2000
第二組頭條:
04:22
you can see that families家庭 and marriages婚姻 are starting開始 to shift轉移.
107
247000
3000
你可以看到家庭和婚姻開始轉變。
04:25
And look at that last headline標題 --
108
250000
2000
再來看最後一則頭條:
04:27
young年輕 women婦女 earning盈利 more than young年輕 men男人.
109
252000
2000
年輕女性賺得比男性更多。
04:29
That particular特定 headline標題 comes to me from a market市場 research研究 firm公司.
110
254000
3000
我從一個市調問卷發現這則特別的頭條,
04:32
They were basically基本上 asked by one of their clients客戶
111
257000
3000
他們被他們的一個客戶詢問:
04:35
who was going to buy購買 houses房屋 in that neighborhood鄰里 in the future未來.
112
260000
3000
未來誰會在該社區購買房屋?
04:38
And they expected預期 that it would be young年輕 families家庭,
113
263000
2000
他們原以為答案會是年輕小家庭
04:40
or young年輕 men男人, just like it had always been.
114
265000
2000
或年輕男性,一如以往。
04:42
But in fact事實, they found發現 something very surprising奇怪.
115
267000
2000
但事實上,他們很驚訝的發現,
04:44
It was young年輕, single women婦女
116
269000
2000
答案是—年輕單身的女性
04:46
who were the major重大的 purchasers購買 of houses房屋 in the neighborhood鄰里.
117
271000
3000
才是該社區中主要的房屋購買者。
04:49
And so they decided決定, because they were intrigued好奇 by this finding發現,
118
274000
3000
因為這項發現激起他們的好奇,
04:52
to do a nationwide全國 survey調查.
119
277000
2000
他們決定要做一個全國性的調查,
04:54
So they spread傳播 out all the census人口調查 data數據,
120
279000
2000
故他們分析了所有統計資料,
04:56
and what they found發現, the guy described描述 to me as a shocker令人震驚,
121
281000
3000
然後他們發現了,那人很驚訝的向我敘述,
04:59
which哪一個 is that in 1,997
122
284000
3000
就是—在1997年,
05:02
out of 2,000 communities社區,
123
287000
2000
在2000個社區裡面,
05:04
women婦女, young年輕 women婦女,
124
289000
2000
女性,年輕的女性,
05:06
were making製造 more money than young年輕 men男人.
125
291000
2000
賺的錢比年輕男性更多。
05:08
So here you have a generation of young年輕 women婦女
126
293000
2000
在這個世代,
05:10
who grow增長 up thinking思維 of themselves他們自己
127
295000
2000
年輕女性成長在
05:12
as being存在 more powerful強大 earners
128
297000
2000
覺得自己可以比週遭年輕男性
05:14
than the young年輕 men男人 around them.
129
299000
2000
更會賺錢的認知中。
05:16
Now, I've just laid鋪設 out the picture圖片 for you,
130
301000
3000
我已向你們提出這些景況,
05:19
but I still haven't沒有 explained解釋 to you why this is happening事件.
131
304000
3000
我仍未解釋為何會發生,
05:22
And in a moment時刻, I'm going to show顯示 you a graph圖形,
132
307000
2000
等一下我要給各位看一張圖表,
05:24
and what you'll你會 see on this graph圖形 --
133
309000
2000
你會在這張圖上看到,
05:26
it begins開始 in 1973,
134
311000
2000
從1973年開始,
05:28
just before women婦女 start開始 flooding洪水 the workforce勞動力,
135
313000
2000
在女性開始大量湧入勞動力市場之前,
05:30
and it brings帶來 us up to our current當前 day.
136
315000
3000
然後變到這樣。
05:33
And basically基本上 what you'll你會 see
137
318000
2000
基本上你會看到的是
05:35
is what economists經濟學家 talk about
138
320000
2000
經濟學家所說的
05:37
as the polarization極化 of the economy經濟.
139
322000
2000
經濟結構的分化。
05:39
Now what does that mean?
140
324000
2000
這意謂著什麼?
05:41
It means手段 that the economy經濟 is dividing into high-skill高技能, high-wage高工資 jobs工作
141
326000
3000
這表示經濟結構現在漸分裂成高技術高薪資工作
05:44
and low-skill低技能, low-wage低工資 jobs工作 --
142
329000
2000
和低技術低薪資工作,
05:46
and that the middle中間, the middle-skill中等技能 jobs工作,
143
331000
3000
而在中間的,中等技術
05:49
and the middle-earning中等收入 jobs工作, are starting開始 to drop下降 out of the economy經濟.
144
334000
3000
和中等報酬的工作已開始在經濟結構中被淘汰。
05:52
This has been going on for 40 years年份 now.
145
337000
2000
這已經進行了40年,
05:54
But this process處理 is affecting影響 men男人
146
339000
2000
但這個過程對男人的影響
05:56
very differently不同 than it's affecting影響 women婦女.
147
341000
2000
和對女人的影響相當不同。
05:58
You'll你會 see the women婦女 in red, and you'll你會 see the men男人 in blue藍色.
148
343000
3000
從下張圖你可以看到紅色代表女性,藍色代表男性,
06:01
You'll你會 watch them both drop下降 out of the middle中間 class,
149
346000
3000
你可以看到他們都脫離了中產階級,
06:04
but see what happens發生 to women婦女 and see what happens發生 to men男人.
150
349000
2000
但請看看在女性部份和男性部份分別發生什麼變化。
06:08
There we go.
151
353000
2000
就是這樣,
06:10
So watch that. You see them both drop下降 out of the middle中間 class.
152
355000
3000
請看,你看他們都脫離中產階級,
06:13
Watch what happens發生 to the women婦女. Watch what happens發生 to the men男人.
153
358000
3000
看看女性發生什麼變化?男性又發生什麼變化?
06:16
The men男人 sort分類 of stagnate凝滯 there,
154
361000
2000
男性部份有點停滯不前,
06:18
while the women婦女 zoom放大 up in those high-skill高技能 jobs工作.
155
363000
2000
然而女性卻在那些高技術性的工作急速上升。
06:20
So what's that about?
156
365000
2000
這表示什麼?
06:22
It looks容貌 like women婦女 got some power功率 boost促進 on a video視頻 game遊戲,
157
367000
3000
好像是女性在電玩中得到加強功力,
06:25
or like they snuck偷傳 in some secret秘密 serum血清 into their birth-control計劃生育 pills
158
370000
3000
或悄悄在避孕藥裡得到神奇的漿液,
06:28
that lets讓我們 them shoot射擊 up high.
159
373000
2000
使她們步步高升,
06:30
But of course課程, it's not about that.
160
375000
2000
當然不是這樣的。
06:32
What it's about is that the economy經濟 has changed a lot.
161
377000
3000
這代表的是經濟結構有很大的改變:
06:35
We used to have a manufacturing製造業 economy經濟,
162
380000
2000
我們過去擁有的是工業的經濟,
06:37
which哪一個 was about building建造 goods產品 and products製品,
163
382000
2000
也就是製造出產品;
06:39
and now we have a service服務 economy經濟
164
384000
3000
現在是服務業的經濟,
06:42
and an information信息 and creative創作的 economy經濟.
165
387000
2000
是資訊及創意的經濟。
06:44
Those two economies經濟 require要求 very different不同 skills技能,
166
389000
3000
這兩種經濟型態需要的是很不同的技能,
06:47
and as it happens發生, women婦女 have been much better
167
392000
2000
當這一切發生,
06:49
at acquiring收購 the new set of skills技能 than men男人 have been.
168
394000
3000
女性在取得新技能方面較男性擅長。
06:52
It used to be that you were
169
397000
2000
在以前,
06:54
a guy who went to high school學校
170
399000
2000
如果你上過高中、
06:56
who didn't have a college學院 degree,
171
401000
2000
沒有大學學歷、
06:58
but you had a specific具體 set of skills技能,
172
403000
2000
但擁有一技之長,
07:00
and with the help of a union聯盟,
173
405000
2000
藉由工會的幫助
07:02
you could make yourself你自己 a pretty漂亮 good middle-class中產階級 life.
174
407000
2000
你可以讓你自己過著優渥的小康生活。
07:04
But that really isn't true真正 anymore.
175
409000
2000
這一套已經行不通了。
07:06
This new economy經濟 is pretty漂亮 indifferent冷漠
176
411000
2000
這個新經濟型態對於
07:08
to size尺寸 and strength強度,
177
413000
2000
多年來幫助著男性的
07:10
which哪一個 is what's helped幫助 men男人 along沿 all these years年份.
178
415000
2000
個頭和身高完全不感興趣,
07:12
What the economy經濟 requires要求 now
179
417000
2000
現在這個經濟型態所需要的,
07:14
is a whole整個 different不同 set of skills技能.
180
419000
2000
是完全不同的技能,
07:16
You basically基本上 need intelligence情報,
181
421000
2000
基本上你需要智慧、
07:18
you need an ability能力 to sit still and focus焦點,
182
423000
3000
你需要安坐和聚焦的能力、
07:21
to communicate通信 openly公然,
183
426000
2000
開放的溝通、
07:23
to be able能夠 to listen to people
184
428000
2000
能夠傾聽人們說話、
07:25
and to operate操作 in a workplace職場 that is much more fluid流體 than it used to be,
185
430000
3000
在比從前更加變動不居的工作環境中工作。
07:28
and those are things that women婦女 do extremely非常 well,
186
433000
2000
這些都是女性做的非常好的事情,
07:30
as we're seeing眼看.
187
435000
2000
如同我們所見。
07:32
If you look at management管理 theory理論 these days,
188
437000
2000
如果你看看近來的管理理論,
07:34
it used to be that our ideal理想 leader領導
189
439000
2000
以前像是鐵血將軍巴頓這樣的類型
07:36
sounded滿面 something like General一般 Patton巴頓, right?
190
441000
2000
可說是理想的領袖,對吧?
07:38
You would be issuing發行 orders命令 from above以上.
191
443000
2000
你可以高高在上發號施令、
07:40
You would be very hierarchical分級.
192
445000
2000
你可以很有權威、
07:42
You would tell everyone大家 below下面 you what to do.
193
447000
2000
你可以叫所有底下的人做事。
07:44
But that's not what an ideal理想 leader領導 is like now.
194
449000
2000
但現在理想的領袖不是那樣子,
07:46
If you read management管理 books圖書 now,
195
451000
2000
現在如果你去讀經營管理的書,
07:48
a leader領導 is somebody who can foster培育 creativity創造力,
196
453000
3000
領導人是能夠激發創造力、
07:51
who can get his -- get the employees僱員 -- see, I still say "his" --
197
456000
3000
能夠使他的—使員工—瞧,我依然說「他的」,
07:54
who can get the employees僱員 to talk to each other,
198
459000
2000
能夠使員工彼此溝通的人,
07:56
who can basically基本上 build建立 teams球隊 and get them to be creative創作的.
199
461000
3000
是能夠建立團隊並使其具有創造力的人,
07:59
And those are all things that women婦女 do very well.
200
464000
3000
以上都是女性做的非常好的事項。
08:02
And then on top最佳 of that, that's created創建 a kind of cascading級聯 effect影響.
201
467000
3000
在加上,女性創造了一種串接效應:
08:05
Women婦女 enter輸入 the workplace職場 at the top最佳,
202
470000
2000
女性進入職場的頂端,
08:07
and then at the working加工 class,
203
472000
2000
然後在一般勞動階級,
08:09
all the new jobs工作 that are created創建
204
474000
2000
所有新創造出來的工作機會,
08:11
are the kinds of jobs工作 that wives妻子 used to do for free自由 at home.
205
476000
3000
是那些曾經由家庭主婦們免費做的事,
08:14
So that's childcare育兒,
206
479000
2000
就是帶小孩、
08:16
elder長老 care關心 and food餐飲 preparation製備.
207
481000
2000
照顧老人和準備三餐。
08:18
So those are all the jobs工作 that are growing生長,
208
483000
2000
這些工作正在增加,
08:20
and those are jobs工作 that women婦女 tend趨向 to do.
209
485000
2000
女人也樂意去從事這種工作,
08:22
Now one day it might威力 be
210
487000
2000
可能有一天,
08:24
that mothers母親 will hire聘請 an out-of-work外的工作,
211
489000
3000
媽媽們會僱用一個失業的、
08:27
middle-aged中年, former前任的 steelworker鋼鐵工人 guy
212
492000
2000
中年的前任打鐵工
08:29
to watch their children孩子 at home,
213
494000
2000
來家裡幫她們帶小孩,
08:31
and that would be good for the men男人, but that hasn't有沒有 quite相當 happened發生 yet然而.
214
496000
3000
這對男人來說也是好事一樁,但目前還沒發生。
08:34
To see what's going to happen發生, you can't just look at the workforce勞動力 that is now,
215
499000
3000
要明白未來會發生什麼事,你不能只著眼於現在的勞動力情勢,
08:37
you have to look at our future未來 workforce勞動力.
216
502000
3000
你必須觀察未來的勞動力。
08:40
And here the story故事 is fairly相當 simple簡單.
217
505000
3000
這相當的單純,
08:43
Women婦女 are getting得到 college學院 degrees
218
508000
2000
獲得大學文憑的女性比例
08:45
at a faster更快 rate than men男人.
219
510000
2000
比男性快速增長。
08:47
Why? This is a real真實 mystery神秘.
220
512000
2000
為什麼?這是一個謎,
08:49
People have asked men男人, why don't they just go back to college學院,
221
514000
3000
人們問男性,為何他們不回去大學、
08:52
to community社區 college學院, say, and retool重新裝備 themselves他們自己,
222
517000
2000
回到社區大學再充實自己、
08:54
learn學習 a new set of skills技能?
223
519000
2000
學習新技能?
08:56
Well it turns out that they're just very uncomfortable不舒服 doing that.
224
521000
3000
事實上是,他們對於做這件事感到很不自在,
08:59
They're used to thinking思維 of themselves他們自己 as providers供應商,
225
524000
2000
他們習慣於認為自己是養家活口的人,
09:01
and they can't seem似乎 to build建立 the social社會 networks網絡
226
526000
2000
而且他們似乎無法建立起
09:03
that allow允許 them to get through通過 college學院.
227
528000
2000
使他們可以撐過大學的新社群網絡,
09:05
So for some reason原因
228
530000
2000
故基於一些理由
09:07
men男人 just don't end結束 up going back to college學院.
229
532000
2000
男性終是無法回去唸大學。
09:09
And what's even more disturbing煩擾的
230
534000
2000
而更加令人不安的
09:11
is what's happening事件 with younger更年輕 boys男孩.
231
536000
2000
是發生在年輕男孩身上的事。
09:13
There's been about a decade of research研究
232
538000
2000
有一個已持續約莫十年的研究,
09:15
about what people are calling調用 the "boy男孩 crisis危機."
233
540000
2000
是關於人們所稱的「男孩危機」,
09:17
Now the boy男孩 crisis危機 is this idea理念
234
542000
2000
「男孩危機」這個概念
09:19
that very young年輕 boys男孩, for whatever隨你 reason原因,
235
544000
3000
是指年輕男孩,基於某些不知名理由,
09:22
are doing worse更差 in school學校 than very young年輕 girls女孩,
236
547000
3000
在學校表現比同齡女孩不佳。
09:25
and people have theories理論 about that.
237
550000
2000
關於這點,人們提出了一些理論:
09:27
Is it because we have an excessively過分地 verbal口頭 curriculum課程,
238
552000
2000
—因為有的課程很偏語言,
09:29
and little girls女孩 are better at that than little boys男孩?
239
554000
2000
小女孩比小男孩對此來得擅長;
09:31
Or that we require要求 kids孩子 to sit still too much,
240
556000
3000
—或是我們太要求小孩乖乖坐好,
09:34
and so boys男孩 initially原來 feel like failures故障?
241
559000
2000
因此男孩們一開始就輸在起跑點上?
09:36
And some people say it's because,
242
561000
2000
還有一些人說那是因為
09:38
in 9th grade年級, boys男孩 start開始 dropping落下 out of school學校.
243
563000
2000
九年級正好是男孩開始退學的時候。
09:40
Because I'm writing寫作 a book about all this, I'm still looking into it,
244
565000
3000
因為我正在撰寫一本關於這個主題的書,我仍在深入研究,
09:43
so I don't have the answer回答.
245
568000
2000
所以我也沒有答案,
09:45
But in the mean time, I'm going to call on the worldwide全世界 education教育 expert專家,
246
570000
3000
但同時我將要請來全球教育專家
09:48
who's誰是 my 10-year-old-歲 daughter女兒, Noa諾亞,
247
573000
2000
—我的十歲小女兒Noah
09:50
to talk to you about
248
575000
2000
來跟各位談談
09:52
why the boys男孩 in her class do worse更差.
249
577000
3000
為何她班上的小男生們表現較差。
09:55
(Video視頻) Noa諾亞: The girls女孩 are obviously明顯 smarter聰明.
250
580000
2000
Noah:女生很顯然比較聰明,
09:57
I mean they have much larger vocabulary詞彙.
251
582000
3000
我是說她們字彙量較豐富、
10:00
They learn學習 much faster更快.
252
585000
2000
她們學得較快、
10:02
They are more controlled受控.
253
587000
2000
她們比較守規矩,
10:04
On the board today今天 for losing失去 recess凹槽 tomorrow明天, only boys男孩.
254
589000
3000
今天黑板上只有男生明天要被罰不能下課。
10:07
Hanna漢娜 Rosin松香: And why is that?
255
592000
2000
Hanna Rosin: 為什麼會這樣呢?
10:09
Noa諾亞: Why? They were just not listening to the class
256
594000
2000
Noah: 為什麼?他們就是不好好聽課,
10:11
while the girls女孩 satSAT there very nicely很好.
257
596000
2000
而女生都乖乖的坐好。
10:13
HRHR: So there you go.
258
598000
2000
HR: 好啦
10:15
This whole整個 thesis論文 really came來了 home to me
259
600000
2000
這就是當我拜訪過坎薩斯洲的一所學校—
10:17
when I went to visit訪問 a college學院 in Kansas堪薩斯 City --
260
602000
3000
一所勞動階級學校
10:20
working-class工人階級 college學院.
261
605000
2000
回家後得到的論點
10:22
Certainly當然, when I was in college學院, I had certain某些 expectations期望 about my life --
262
607000
3000
無庸置疑,在我大學時期,對於自己生活有明確的期望,
10:25
that my husband丈夫 and I would both work,
263
610000
3000
我和丈夫都上班、
10:28
and that we would equally一樣 raise提高 the children孩子.
264
613000
2000
我們會平均分擔撫養孩子,
10:30
But these college學院 girls女孩
265
615000
2000
但這些大學女生
10:32
had a completely全然 different不同 view視圖 of their future未來.
266
617000
2000
對未來有著截然不同的看法。
10:34
Basically基本上, the way they said it to me is
267
619000
3000
基本上,她們告訴我的是:
10:37
that they would be working加工 18 hours小時 a day,
268
622000
2000
她們將會一天工作18個小時,
10:39
that their husband丈夫 would maybe have a job工作,
269
624000
2000
他們的丈夫或許會有工作,
10:41
but that mostly大多 he would be at home taking服用 care關心 of the kiddies小子.
270
626000
3000
但大多數會是在家照顧孩子。
10:44
And this was kind of a shocker令人震驚 to me.
271
629000
2000
這對我來說很震驚。
10:46
And then here's這裡的 my favorite喜愛 quote引用 from one of the girls女孩:
272
631000
2000
這是女孩們所說的,我最喜歡的一句話:
10:48
"Men男人 are the new ball and chain."
273
633000
3000
「男人是新的黃臉婆。」
10:51
(Laughter笑聲)
274
636000
3000
(笑)
10:54
Now you laugh,
275
639000
2000
現在你們笑了,
10:56
but that quote引用 has kind of a sting to it, right?
276
641000
2000
但這句話中有點帶刺,是吧?
10:58
And I think the reason原因 it has a sting
277
643000
2000
而我認為有刺的原因
11:00
is because thousands數千 of years年份 of history歷史
278
645000
2000
在於數千年來的歷史
11:02
don't reverse相反 themselves他們自己
279
647000
2000
不曾在
11:04
without a lot of pain疼痛,
280
649000
2000
沒有痛苦的情況下被改寫,
11:06
and that's why I talk about
281
651000
2000
而這就是我為何會說
11:08
us all going through通過 this together一起.
282
653000
2000
我們要一起經歷這件事。
11:11
The night after I talked to these college學院 girls女孩,
283
656000
2000
在和那些大學女生談過話之後的那個晚上,
11:13
I also went to a men's男裝 group in Kansas堪薩斯,
284
658000
2000
我也去了坎薩斯一個男生團體,
11:15
and these were exactly究竟 the kind of victims受害者 of the manufacturing製造業 economy經濟
285
660000
3000
這些正是製造業經濟下的受害者,
11:18
which哪一個 I spoke to you about earlier.
286
663000
2000
就是我先前提到過的。
11:20
They were men男人 who had been contractors承包商,
287
665000
2000
他們都曾經是承包商、
11:22
or they had been building建造 houses房屋
288
667000
2000
或是蓋過房子,
11:24
and they had lost丟失 their jobs工作 after the housing住房 boom繁榮,
289
669000
2000
在房地產榮景過後失去了工作。
11:26
and they were in this group because they were failing失敗 to pay工資 their child兒童 support支持.
290
671000
3000
他們加入這個團體是因為他們無法負擔他們孩子的開支,
11:29
And the instructor講師 was up there in the class
291
674000
2000
而講師就在台上,
11:31
explaining說明 to them all the ways方法
292
676000
2000
向他們解釋著
11:33
in which哪一個 they had lost丟失 their identity身分 in this new age年齡.
293
678000
3000
他們是怎麼在新時代失去身份地位。
11:36
He was telling告訴 them they no longer had any moral道德 authority權威,
294
681000
3000
他告訴他們,他們不再握有任何道德權威、
11:39
that nobody沒有人 needed需要 them for emotional情緒化 support支持 anymore,
295
684000
2000
再也沒有人需要他們當精神支柱、
11:41
and they were not really the providers供應商.
296
686000
2000
他們不再是供養者,
11:43
So who were they?
297
688000
2000
那他們是誰呢?
11:45
And this was very disheartening令人沮喪 for them.
298
690000
2000
這令他們很沮喪。
11:47
And what he did was he wrote down on the board
299
692000
2000
他所做的就是,
11:49
"$85,000,"
300
694000
2000
在白板上寫下$85000
11:51
and he said, "That's her salary薪水,"
301
696000
2000
說:「這就是她的薪水!」
11:53
and then he wrote down "$12,000."
302
698000
3000
然後再寫下$12000
11:56
"That's your salary薪水.
303
701000
2000
「這是你的薪水。」
11:58
So who's誰是 the man now?" he asked them.
304
703000
2000
他問大家「現在誰才是老大?」
12:00
"Who's誰是 the damn該死的 man?
305
705000
2000
「誰才是個真正的老大?
12:02
She's the man now."
306
707000
2000
現在她成了老大啦!」
12:04
And that really sent發送 a shudder不寒而栗 through通過 the room房間.
307
709000
2000
這真的使得整個房間打了個冷顫。
12:06
And that's part部分 of the reason原因 I like to talk about this,
308
711000
2000
這也是我之所以談論這件事的一部分原因,
12:08
because I think it can be pretty漂亮 painful痛苦,
309
713000
2000
因為我認為那可能會很難熬,
12:10
and we really have to work through通過 it.
310
715000
2000
我們必須挺過去,
12:12
And the other reason原因 it's kind of urgent緊急
311
717000
2000
而另一個理由有點緊急,
12:14
is because it's not just happening事件 in the U.S.
312
719000
2000
因為這不僅發生在美國,
12:16
It's happening事件 all over the world世界.
313
721000
2000
這發生在全世界,
12:18
In India印度, poor較差的 women婦女 are learning學習 English英語
314
723000
2000
在印度,貧窮的女性比她們的配偶
12:20
faster更快 than their male counterparts同行
315
725000
2000
英文學得更快,
12:22
in order訂購 to staff員工 the new call centers中心
316
727000
2000
為了要任職於印度正在成長的
12:24
that are growing生長 in India印度.
317
729000
2000
電話客服中心;
12:26
In China中國, a lot of the opening開盤 up of private私人的 entrepreneurship創業
318
731000
3000
在中國,許多私人企業正在竄起,
12:29
is happening事件 because women婦女 are starting開始 businesses企業,
319
734000
2000
因為女性開始做起生意,
12:31
small businesses企業, faster更快 than men男人.
320
736000
2000
一些小生意,比男人更快。
12:33
And here's這裡的 my favorite喜愛 example, which哪一個 is in South Korea韓國.
321
738000
3000
這是我最喜歡的例子:在南韓,
12:36
Over several一些 decades幾十年,
322
741000
2000
數十年來,
12:38
South Korea韓國 built內置 one of the most patriarchal重男輕女 societies社會 we know about.
323
743000
3000
南韓建立了一套我們所知最嚴格的父系社會,
12:41
They basically基本上 enshrined供奉 the second-class二等 status狀態 of women婦女
324
746000
4000
在民法中,
12:45
in the civil國內 code.
325
750000
2000
基本上將女人置於次等地位,
12:47
And if women婦女 failed失敗 to birth分娩 male children孩子,
326
752000
2000
如果女人無法生出男的子嗣,
12:49
they were basically基本上 treated治療 like domestic國內 servants公務員.
327
754000
3000
她們會被當作家裡的女傭,
12:52
And sometimes有時 family家庭 would pray祈禱 to the spirits to kill off a girl女孩 child兒童
328
757000
3000
有時候有的家庭還會向神靈請求殺掉女孩,
12:55
so they could have a male child兒童.
329
760000
2000
好讓他們可以得到男孩。
12:57
But over the '70s and '80s,
330
762000
2000
但在1970、1980年代
12:59
the South Korea韓國 government政府 decided決定 they wanted to rapidly急速 industrialize工業化,
331
764000
3000
南韓政府決定要加速工業化,
13:02
and so what they did was,
332
767000
2000
他們的做法是:
13:04
they started開始 to push women婦女 into the workforce勞動力.
333
769000
2000
開始將女性推入勞動市場。
13:06
Now they've他們已經 been asking a question since以來 1985:
334
771000
3000
現在他們提出一個自從1985年就在問的問題:
13:09
"How strongly非常 do you prefer比較喜歡 a first-born第一胎 son兒子?"
335
774000
2000
「你有多偏好第一胎生兒子?」
13:11
And now look at the chart圖表.
336
776000
2000
現在來看看這個表
13:13
That's from 1985 to 2003.
337
778000
3000
從1985年到2003年,
13:16
How much do you prefer比較喜歡 a first-born第一胎 son兒子?
338
781000
2000
「你有多偏好第一胎生兒子?」
13:18
So you can see that these economic經濟 changes變化
339
783000
2000
你可以看到這些經濟上的改變
13:20
really do have a strong強大 effect影響 on our culture文化.
340
785000
3000
真的對我們的文化有重大影響,
13:23
Now because we haven't沒有 fully充分 processed處理 this information信息,
341
788000
3000
因為現在我們還沒有完全處理好這個資料,
13:26
it's kind of coming未來 back to us in our pop流行的 culture文化
342
791000
2000
這好像正用一種奇怪、誇張的方式
13:28
in these kind of weird奇怪的 and exaggerated誇張的 ways方法,
343
793000
3000
回歸到我們的大眾文化,
13:31
where you can see that the stereotypes定型 are changing改變.
344
796000
3000
你可以看到刻板印象正在改變,
13:34
And so we have on the male side
345
799000
2000
所以在男性方面,
13:36
what one of my colleagues同事 likes喜歡 to call the "omega歐米加 males男性" popping up,
346
801000
3000
我一個同事喜歡稱之為「吊車尾男」的出現,
13:39
who are the males男性 who are romantically浪漫 challenged挑戰 losers失敗者
347
804000
2000
他們是那些把不到妹、
13:41
who can't find a job工作.
348
806000
2000
也找不到工作的失敗者,
13:43
And they come up in lots of different不同 forms形式.
349
808000
3000
他們以各種不同形式出現,
13:46
So we have the perpetual永動的 adolescent青少年.
350
811000
3000
因此有著永遠處於青春期的傢伙、
13:49
We have the charmless misanthrope憤世嫉俗者.
351
814000
3000
有著沒有魅力的憤世嫉俗的人、
13:52
Then we have our Bud Light guy
352
817000
2000
有著老是賴在沙發上的
13:54
who's誰是 the happy快樂 couch長椅 potato土豆.
353
819000
2000
百威淡啤酒男。
13:56
And then here's這裡的 a shocker令人震驚: even America's美國 most sexiest最性感 man alive,
354
821000
3000
有一個震撼彈—即使是美國現存的最性感的男人、
13:59
the sexiest最性感 man alive
355
824000
2000
那些現存的最性感的男人,
14:01
gets得到 romantically浪漫 played發揮 these days in a movie電影.
356
826000
2000
現今在電影中也只是羅曼史角色;
14:03
And then on the female side, you have the opposite對面,
357
828000
3000
在女性方面,剛好相反,
14:06
in which哪一個 you have these crazy superhero超級英雄 women婦女.
358
831000
3000
有著瘋狂的超級英雌—
14:09
You've got Lady淑女 Gaga加加.
359
834000
3000
女神卡卡、
14:12
You've got our new James詹姆士 Bond, who's誰是 Angelina安吉麗娜 Jolie朱莉.
360
837000
3000
新版詹姆士龐德—安潔麗娜裘莉,
14:15
And it's not just for the young年輕, right?
361
840000
3000
不只有年輕人,對吧?
14:18
Even Helen海倫 Mirren米倫 can hold保持 a gun these days.
362
843000
3000
現在即便是海倫米蘭也可以拿著把槍。
14:21
And so it feels感覺 like we have to move移動 from this place地點
363
846000
3000
感覺像是我們必須從
14:24
where we've我們已經 got these uber-exaggerated尤伯杯誇張 images圖片
364
849000
3000
覺得這件事誇張至極,
14:27
into something that feels感覺 a little more normal正常.
365
852000
3000
轉變成覺得還算正常。
14:30
So for a long time in the economic經濟 sphere領域,
366
855000
2000
到目前為止很長一段時間,在經濟領域,
14:32
we've我們已經 lived生活 with the term術語 "glass玻璃 ceiling天花板."
367
857000
2000
我們活在「玻璃天花板」之下(通常專指女性所遭遇的在工作中升級時遇到的一種無形的障礙, 使人不能到達較高階層)
14:34
Now I've never really liked喜歡 this term術語.
368
859000
2000
我一直都很不喜歡這個詞,
14:36
For one thing, it puts看跌期權 men男人 and women婦女
369
861000
2000
其一,此將男性與女性置於
14:38
in a really antagonistic對抗性的 relationship關係 with one another另一個,
370
863000
3000
彼此敵對的關係,
14:41
because the men男人 are these devious tricksters騙子 up there
371
866000
2000
因為男性是搞出玻璃天花板
14:43
who've誰一直 put up this glass玻璃 ceiling天花板.
372
868000
2000
不光明磊落的騙子,
14:45
And we're always below下面 the glass玻璃 ceiling天花板, the women婦女.
373
870000
3000
而我們女人總是在那片玻璃天花板之下,
14:48
And we have a lot of skill技能 and experience經驗,
374
873000
3000
我們具備許多技能和經驗,
14:51
but it's a trick, so how are you supposed應該 to prepare準備
375
876000
2000
但是那是一場詭計,
14:53
to get through通過 that glass玻璃 ceiling天花板?
376
878000
2000
那妳怎麼可能穿過那層玻璃天花板呢?
14:55
And also, "shattering驚天動地 the glass玻璃 ceiling天花板" is a terrible可怕 phrase短語.
377
880000
3000
並且,砸碎玻璃天花板是很可怕的詞彙,
14:58
What crazy person
378
883000
2000
這人是瘋了才會
15:00
would pop流行的 their head through通過 a glass玻璃 ceiling天花板?
379
885000
2000
拿自己的頭去撞玻璃天花板。
15:02
So the image圖片 that I like to think of,
380
887000
2000
所以比起玻璃天花板,
15:04
instead代替 of glass玻璃 ceiling天花板,
381
889000
2000
我比較喜歡用來譬喻的形象
15:06
is the high bridge.
382
891000
2000
是座高高的橋。
15:08
It's definitely無疑 terrifying可怕的 to stand at the foot腳丫子 of a high bridge,
383
893000
3000
站在高橋上絕對是很恐怖的感覺,
15:11
but it's also pretty漂亮 exhilarating令人振奮,
384
896000
2000
但同時也頗令人興奮
15:13
because it's beautiful美麗 up there,
385
898000
2000
因為那上面好漂亮,
15:15
and you're looking out on a beautiful美麗 view視圖.
386
900000
3000
你可以眺望美麗的風景,
15:18
And the great thing is there's no trick like with the glass玻璃 ceiling天花板.
387
903000
3000
更好的是這裡沒有玻璃天花板這種詭計,
15:21
There's no man or woman女人 standing常設 in the middle中間
388
906000
2000
沒有男人或女人站在中間
15:23
about to cut the cables電纜.
389
908000
2000
想要切斷纜繩,
15:25
There's no hole in the middle中間 that you're going to fall秋季 through通過.
390
910000
2000
橋中間沒有會讓妳掉下去的大洞,
15:27
And the great thing is that you can take anyone任何人 along沿 with you.
391
912000
3000
還有很好的事情是,你可以帶任何人和你一起上來,
15:30
You can bring帶來 your husband丈夫 along沿.
392
915000
2000
你可以帶著你的先生、
15:32
You can bring帶來 your friends朋友, or your colleagues同事,
393
917000
2000
你可以帶著你的朋友、或你的同事
15:34
or your babysitter保姆 to walk步行 along沿 with you.
394
919000
2000
或是你的保母一起來,
15:36
And husbands丈夫 can drag拖動 their wives妻子 across橫過, if their wives妻子 don't feel ready準備.
395
921000
3000
如果妻子還沒有準備好,丈夫還可以拉著他們的妻子過去。
15:39
But the point about the high bridge
396
924000
2000
但這座高橋主要在於,
15:41
is that you have to have the confidence置信度
397
926000
2000
妳必須要有自信
15:43
to know that you deserve值得 to be on that bridge,
398
928000
2000
去瞭解到妳有資格站在這座橋上,
15:45
that you have all the skills技能 and experience經驗 you need
399
930000
3000
妳有著所有要通過這座高橋
15:48
in order訂購 to walk步行 across橫過 the high bridge,
400
933000
3000
所需要的技能和經驗,
15:51
but you just have to make the decision決定
401
936000
2000
而妳必須做出決定,
15:53
to take the first step and do it.
402
938000
2000
跨出第一步並且放手去做。
15:55
Thanks謝謝 very much.
403
940000
2000
謝謝。
15:57
(Applause掌聲)
404
942000
9000
(鼓掌)
Translated by Hermia Tsai
Reviewed by Shelley Krishna R. TSANG

▲Back to top

ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Hanna Rosin - Journalist
Hanna Rosin isn’t afraid to shine a skeptical spotlight on people’s cherished ideals, whether it’s politically correct dogma or the conservative Christian agenda.

Why you should listen

Hanna Rosin is the sort of journalist who dares to articulate what people are thinking – only they hadn’t realized it yet. Born in Israel and raised in Queens, the co-founder of women’s site DoubleX (an offshoot of Slate) and contributing editor at the Atlantic Monthly is probably best known for the furor raised by her article titled (not by her) “The End of Men”—which asserts that the era of male dominance has come to an end as women gain power in the postindustrial economy. A similar furor greeted her well-researched piece “The Case Against Breastfeeding,” which questioned the degree to which scientific evidence supports breast-feeding’s touted benefits.

Rosin has covered religion and politics for the Washington Post and contributes to such publications as the New Yorker and the New Republic. Her book God’s Harvard: A Christian College on a Mission to Save America peers into the inner workings of Patrick Henry College, a seven-year school for evangelical Christians aspiring to political and cultural influence. 

More profile about the speaker
Hanna Rosin | Speaker | TED.com