ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ziyah Gafić - Photographer + storyteller
To help him come to terms with the tragedy of his own homeland, Bosnian photographer Ziyah Gafić turns his camera on the aftermath of conflict, showing his images in galleries, in books and on Instagram.

Why you should listen

Ziyah Gafić uses his camera to capture the aftermath of war. He has traveled to Pakistan, Iraq and Chechnya to capture beautiful portraits of people carrying on with their lives in the face of destruction; he has photographed the everyday lives of children in Rwanda, a generation born from the widespread use of rape as a weapon during the Rwandan genocide. A moving question runs through his work: After war, how do people manage to keep the fabric of society together?

Gafić's interest in this subject comes from his own biography. Born in Sarajevo, he was a teenager during the Bosnian War of the 1990s. Through photography, he parses what happened in his homeland. For his book Quest for Identity, Gafić photographed the watches, keys, shoes, combs and glasses exhumed from mass graves 20 years after the Bosnian War. These objects are cleaned, catalogued and used to help identify the bodies found with them, but afterwards, they become what Gafić calls “orphans of the narrative,” either destroyed or stored away out of sight and out of mind. His quest is to keep them in view as a last testament to the fact that these people existed, preserving them as an easily accessible visual archive that tells the story of what happened—integrating an objective forensic perspective with human compassion.

More profile about the speaker
Ziyah Gafić | Speaker | TED.com
TED2014

Ziyah Gafić: Everyday objects, tragic histories

茲亞·加非克: 日常的用品,悲慘的歷史

Filmed:
1,040,925 views

茲亞·加非克拍攝日常用品—手錶、鞋子、眼鏡。這些照片看似平常;被拍的物品,卻都是從波士尼亞戰爭的萬人塚中挖掘出來的。Gafic 身為 TED 研究會員及土生土長的塞拉耶佛人,拍下了每一件從萬人塚中挖出的物品,要為這些不知名的犧牲者建造活生生的檔案。
- Photographer + storyteller
To help him come to terms with the tragedy of his own homeland, Bosnian photographer Ziyah Gafić turns his camera on the aftermath of conflict, showing his images in galleries, in books and on Instagram. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
These are simple簡單 objects對象:
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這些都是很普通的用品:
00:14
clocks時鐘, keys按鍵, combs梳子, glasses眼鏡.
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鐘錶、鑰匙、梳子、眼鏡。
00:18
They are the things the victims受害者 of genocide種族滅絕 in Bosnia波斯尼亞
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這些是波士尼亞種族大屠殺的受害者
00:20
carried攜帶的 with them on their final最後 journey旅程.
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在走上絕路時攜帶的東西。
00:23
We are all familiar with these mundane平凡,
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我們都很熟悉這些平凡無奇的
00:26
everyday每天 objects對象.
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日常用品。
00:27
The fact事實 that some of the victims受害者 carried攜帶的
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一些受害者帶著
00:29
personal個人 items項目 such這樣 as
toothpaste牙膏 and a toothbrush牙刷
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個人用品像牙膏及牙刷的事實
00:32
is a clear明確 sign標誌 they had no idea理念
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清楚的顯示出他們不知道
00:35
what was about to happen發生 to them.
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他們將面臨什麼命運。
00:37
Usually平時, they were told that they were going to be
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通常他們被告知他們
00:39
exchanged交換 for prisoners囚犯 of war戰爭.
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將與戰俘交換。
00:42
These items項目 have been recovered恢復
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這些物品從我的家鄉
00:44
from numerous眾多 mass graves墳墓 across橫過 my homeland家園,
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多個萬人塚中挖掘出來。
00:47
and as we speak說話, forensics取證 are exhuming掘出 bodies身體
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就在當下,法醫鑑識人員正從
00:49
from newly discovered發現 mass graves墳墓,
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新發現的萬人塚中掘出屍體。
00:51
20 years年份 after the war戰爭.
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這已是戰後 20 年。
00:53
And it is quite相當 possibly或者 the largest最大 ever discovered發現.
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這很可能是有史以來最大的一個。
00:57
During the four years年份 of conflict衝突
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這四年的衝突,
00:59
that devastated滿目瘡痍 the Bosnian波斯尼亞 nation國家 in the early '90s,
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在 90 年代早期,
蹂躪了波士尼亞國,
01:02
approximately 30,000 citizens公民, mainly主要 civilians老百姓,
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大約三萬公民,主要是平民,
01:05
went missing失踪, presumed假定 killed殺害,
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從人間蒸發,推定死亡,
01:07
and another另一個 100,000 were killed殺害
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另外還有十萬人
01:09
during combat戰鬥 operations操作.
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在戰鬥作業中被殺。
01:11
Most of them were killed殺害
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他們受害的時間大多在
01:13
either in the early days of the war戰爭
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戰事早期
或敵對行動的尾聲,
01:14
or towards the end結束 of the hostilities敵對行動,
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01:16
when U.N. safe安全 zones like Srebrenica斯雷布雷尼察
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即聯合國安全區如斯雷布雷尼查
01:19
fell下跌 into the hands of the Serb塞爾維亞 army軍隊.
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落入塞爾維亞軍隊手中的時候。
01:22
The international國際 criminal刑事 tribunal法庭
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國際刑事法庭
01:24
delivered交付 a number of sentences句子
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宣判了數項刑責
01:26
for crimes犯罪 against反對 humanity人性 and genocide種族滅絕.
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針對人權及種族大屠殺的罪行。
01:29
Genocide種族滅絕 is a systematic系統的 and deliberate商榷
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種族大屠殺是系統及蓄意
01:32
destruction毀壞 of a racial種族, political政治, religious宗教
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毀滅一個人種、政治體、宗教
01:36
or ethnic民族 group.
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或民族的行為。
01:37
As much as genocide種族滅絕 is about killing謀殺.
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種族大屠殺不但要趕盡殺絕,
01:40
It is also about destroying銷毀 their property屬性,
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它還要摧毀受害者的財產,
01:43
their cultural文化 heritage遺產,
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他們的文化遺產,
01:45
and ultimately最終 the very notion概念 that they ever existed存在.
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最終還要毀滅他們曾經存在的證據。
01:48
Genocide種族滅絕 is not only about the killing謀殺;
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種族大屠殺不僅僅是殺人而已:
01:51
it is about the denied否認 identity身分.
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它要否定身分。
01:54
There are always traces痕跡
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總是會留下蛛絲馬跡——
01:55
no such這樣 thing as a perfect完善 crime犯罪.
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沒有所謂的完美犯罪。
01:57
There are always remnants殘餘 of the perished遇難 ones那些
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總是有一些遇難者的遺物
02:00
that are more durable耐用 than their fragile脆弱 bodies身體
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堅固遠超過主人脆弱的身體,
02:02
and our selective可選擇的 and fading衰退 memory記憶 of them.
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以及我們對他們選擇及褪色的記憶。
02:06
These items項目 are recovered恢復
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這些物品,
從多個萬人塚中挖掘出來,
02:09
from numerous眾多 mass graves墳墓,
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02:10
and the main主要 goal目標 of this collection採集 of the items項目
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而收集這些物品主要的目的,
02:13
is a unique獨特 process處理
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是一段獨特的過程
02:15
of identifying識別 those who disappeared消失 in the killings殺人,
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來驗明在屠殺中消失者的身分,
02:18
the first act法案 of genocide種族滅絕 on European歐洲的 soil
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這是歐洲大陸上
在猶太人大屠殺之後,
02:21
since以來 the Holocaust大屠殺.
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第一起種族滅絕事件。
02:22
Not a single body身體 should remain undiscovered未被發現
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每一具遺體都該被發掘
02:25
or unidentified未確認的.
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被辨識。
02:27
Once一旦 recovered恢復,
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一旦被挖掘出來,
02:28
these items項目 that the victims受害者 carried攜帶的 with them
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這些受害者帶著
陪他們走上絕路的物品,
02:31
on their way to execution執行
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02:33
are carefully小心 cleaned清洗, analyzed分析,
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都仔細的清洗、分析、
02:35
catalogued編目 and stored存儲.
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分類及保存。
02:37
Thousands成千上萬 of artifacts文物 are
packed打包 in white白色 plastic塑料 bags包裝袋
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成千上萬的出土物
包在白色的塑膠袋中
02:40
just like the ones那些 you see on CSICSI.
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就像你在 CSI 犯罪現場
看到的一樣。
02:43
These objects對象 are used as a forensic法庭的 tool工具
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這些物品成為法醫辨識人員
02:45
in visual視覺 identification鑑定 of the victims受害者,
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在目視識別受害者時的工具,
02:48
but they are also used as
very valuable有價值 forensic法庭的 evidence證據
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但他們也可當作非常
有價值的法醫證據,
02:51
in the ongoing不斷的 war戰爭 crimes犯罪 trials試驗.
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在持續進行的戰犯審判上承堂供證。
02:54
Survivors倖存者 are occasionally偶爾 called
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倖存者有時候也會被傳喚
02:56
to try to identify鑑定 these items項目 physically物理,
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試著親眼辨認這些物品,
02:59
but physical物理 browsing瀏覽 is extremely非常 difficult,
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但是親眼瀏覽極其困難,
03:02
an ineffective不靈 and painful痛苦 process處理.
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是一段無效又痛苦的過程。
03:05
Once一旦 the forensics取證 and doctors醫生 and lawyers律師
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一旦法醫人員及醫生及律師
不再需要這些物品,
03:09
are doneDONE with these objects對象,
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03:10
they become成為 orphans孤兒 of the narrative敘述.
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它們就成為故事裡沒人要的孤兒。
03:13
Many許多 of them get destroyed銷毀, believe it or not,
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很多都被銷毀,信不信由你,
03:16
or they get simply只是 shelved擱置,
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或是束之高閣。
03:17
out of sight視力 and out of mind心神.
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眼不見為淨。
03:20
I decided決定 a few少數 years年份 ago
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我在數年前決定
03:22
to photograph照片 every一切 single exhumed挖出 item項目
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要拍攝每一項挖掘出的物品
03:25
in order訂購 to create創建 a visual視覺 archive檔案
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以製作視覺檔案庫
03:27
that survivors倖存者 could easily容易 browse瀏覽.
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讓倖存者很容易地瀏覽。
03:30
As a storyteller說故事的人, I like to give back to the community社區.
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作為一個說故事的人,
我想要回饋社區。
03:34
I like to move移動 beyond raising提高 awareness意識.
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我想做的不只是喚起意識。
03:37
And in this case案件, someone有人 may可能
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我這樣做,或許就有人能
03:39
recognize認識 these items項目
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辨認這些物品,
03:41
or at least最小 their photographs照片 will remain
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至少這些物品的照片會留存
03:43
as a permanent常駐, unbiased不偏不倚 and accurate準確 reminder提醒
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成為永久、公正又準確的紀念
03:47
of what happened發生.
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提醒我們發生了什麼事。
03:49
Photography攝影 is about empathy同情,
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攝影是一種同理心,
03:51
and the familiarity熟悉 of these
items項目 guarantee保證 empathy同情.
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而這些熟悉的物品
保證讓你產生同理心。
03:54
In this case案件, I am merely僅僅 a tool工具,
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這樣,我不過就是個工具
03:57
a forensic法庭的, if you like,
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一位法醫鑑定員,你可以這麼說,
03:59
and the result結果 is a photography攝影 that is as close
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其結果就是拍出盡可能
04:01
as possible可能 of being存在 a document文件.
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記實的文物攝影。
04:04
Once一旦 all the missing失踪 persons are identified確定,
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一旦確認了所有的失蹤人口,
04:07
only decaying衰減 bodies身體 in their graves墳墓
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只有在墳墓中腐化的屍體
04:09
and these everyday每天 items項目 will remain.
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及這些日常用品會留下。
04:11
In all their simplicity簡單,
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就是因為它們很普通,
04:13
these items項目 are the last testament遺囑
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這些物品成為最後的證據
04:15
to the identity身分 of the victims受害者,
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證明著受害者的身分,
04:17
the last permanent常駐 reminder提醒
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也是最後的恆久提醒
04:19
that these people ever existed存在.
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這些人曾經存在過。
04:21
Thank you very much.
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謝謝。
04:23
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
Translated by Regina Chu
Reviewed by Anny Chung

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ziyah Gafić - Photographer + storyteller
To help him come to terms with the tragedy of his own homeland, Bosnian photographer Ziyah Gafić turns his camera on the aftermath of conflict, showing his images in galleries, in books and on Instagram.

Why you should listen

Ziyah Gafić uses his camera to capture the aftermath of war. He has traveled to Pakistan, Iraq and Chechnya to capture beautiful portraits of people carrying on with their lives in the face of destruction; he has photographed the everyday lives of children in Rwanda, a generation born from the widespread use of rape as a weapon during the Rwandan genocide. A moving question runs through his work: After war, how do people manage to keep the fabric of society together?

Gafić's interest in this subject comes from his own biography. Born in Sarajevo, he was a teenager during the Bosnian War of the 1990s. Through photography, he parses what happened in his homeland. For his book Quest for Identity, Gafić photographed the watches, keys, shoes, combs and glasses exhumed from mass graves 20 years after the Bosnian War. These objects are cleaned, catalogued and used to help identify the bodies found with them, but afterwards, they become what Gafić calls “orphans of the narrative,” either destroyed or stored away out of sight and out of mind. His quest is to keep them in view as a last testament to the fact that these people existed, preserving them as an easily accessible visual archive that tells the story of what happened—integrating an objective forensic perspective with human compassion.

More profile about the speaker
Ziyah Gafić | Speaker | TED.com