ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ziyah Gafić - Photographer + storyteller
To help him come to terms with the tragedy of his own homeland, Bosnian photographer Ziyah Gafić turns his camera on the aftermath of conflict, showing his images in galleries, in books and on Instagram.

Why you should listen

Ziyah Gafić uses his camera to capture the aftermath of war. He has traveled to Pakistan, Iraq and Chechnya to capture beautiful portraits of people carrying on with their lives in the face of destruction; he has photographed the everyday lives of children in Rwanda, a generation born from the widespread use of rape as a weapon during the Rwandan genocide. A moving question runs through his work: After war, how do people manage to keep the fabric of society together?

Gafić's interest in this subject comes from his own biography. Born in Sarajevo, he was a teenager during the Bosnian War of the 1990s. Through photography, he parses what happened in his homeland. For his book Quest for Identity, Gafić photographed the watches, keys, shoes, combs and glasses exhumed from mass graves 20 years after the Bosnian War. These objects are cleaned, catalogued and used to help identify the bodies found with them, but afterwards, they become what Gafić calls “orphans of the narrative,” either destroyed or stored away out of sight and out of mind. His quest is to keep them in view as a last testament to the fact that these people existed, preserving them as an easily accessible visual archive that tells the story of what happened—integrating an objective forensic perspective with human compassion.

More profile about the speaker
Ziyah Gafić | Speaker | TED.com
TED2014

Ziyah Gafić: Everyday objects, tragic histories

Ziyah Gafic: Objetos comuns, histórias trágicas

Filmed:
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Ziyah Gafic fotografa objetos do dia a dia: relógios, sapatos, óculos. Mas essas imagens são ilusoriamente simples; os itens que elas mostram foram exumados das valas comuns da Guerra da Bósnia. Gafic, um bolsista TED e nascido em Sarajevo, fotografou cada um dos itens desses túmulos para criar um arquivo vivo das identidades daqueles perdidos.
- Photographer + storyteller
To help him come to terms with the tragedy of his own homeland, Bosnian photographer Ziyah Gafić turns his camera on the aftermath of conflict, showing his images in galleries, in books and on Instagram. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
These are simple objects:
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Estes são objetos simples:
00:14
clocks, keys, combs, glasses.
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relógios, chaves, pentes, óculos.
São as coisas que as vítimas
do genocídio na Bósnia
00:18
They are the things the victims of genocide in Bosnia
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00:20
carried with them on their final journey.
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carregavam consigo em sua última jornada.
00:23
We are all familiar with these mundane,
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Estamos todos acostumados
com estes objetos mundanos e cotidianos.
00:26
everyday objects.
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00:27
The fact that some of the victims carried
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O fato de que algumas vítimas carregavam
00:29
personal items such as
toothpaste and a toothbrush
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itens pessoais tais como
pasta e escova de dentes
00:32
is a clear sign they had no idea
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é um sinal claro de que não tinham noção
00:35
what was about to happen to them.
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do que estava prestes a acontecer.
00:37
Usually, they were told that they were going to be
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Normalmente lhes diziam que seriam
00:39
exchanged for prisoners of war.
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oferecidos em troca
de prisioneiros de guerra.
00:42
These items have been recovered
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Esses itens foram recuperados
00:44
from numerous mass graves across my homeland,
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de inúmerras valas comuns
em minha terra natal,
00:47
and as we speak, forensics are exhuming bodies
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e à medida que falamos,
a perícia está exumando corpos
00:49
from newly discovered mass graves,
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de valas comuns descobertas recentemente
00:51
20 years after the war.
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20 anos depois da guerra.
00:53
And it is quite possibly the largest ever discovered.
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É possivelmente a maior já descoberta.
00:57
During the four years of conflict
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Durante os quatro anos de conflito
00:59
that devastated the Bosnian nation in the early '90s,
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que devastou a nação bósnia
no início dos anos 90,
01:02
approximately 30,000 citizens, mainly civilians,
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aproximadamente 30 mil cidadãos,
a maioria civis,
01:05
went missing, presumed killed,
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desapareceram, supostamente mortos,
01:07
and another 100,000 were killed
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e outros 100 mil foram mortos
01:09
during combat operations.
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durante operações de combate.
01:11
Most of them were killed
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A maioria foi assassinada
01:13
either in the early days of the war
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ou nos primeiros dias da guerra
01:14
or towards the end of the hostilities,
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ou mais ao final dos combates,
01:16
when U.N. safe zones like Srebrenica
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quando zonas de segurança
da ONU como Srebrenica
01:19
fell into the hands of the Serb army.
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caiu nas mãos do exército sérvio.
01:22
The international criminal tribunal
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O tribunal criminal internacional
01:24
delivered a number of sentences
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proferiu uma série de sentenças
01:26
for crimes against humanity and genocide.
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por crimes contra
a humanidade e genocídio.
01:29
Genocide is a systematic and deliberate
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Genocídio é a destruição
sistemática e deliberada
01:32
destruction of a racial, political, religious
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de um grupo étnico,
religioso, político ou racial.
01:36
or ethnic group.
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01:37
As much as genocide is about killing.
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Por mais que genocídio trate-se de matar.
01:40
It is also about destroying their property,
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Também se trata
de destruir sua propriedade,
01:43
their cultural heritage,
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seu patrimônio cultural,
01:45
and ultimately the very notion that they ever existed.
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e por fim a própria ideia
de que um dia existiram.
01:48
Genocide is not only about the killing;
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Genocídio não se trata somente de matar;
01:51
it is about the denied identity.
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Trata-se da identidade negada.
01:54
There are always traces —
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Sempre há traços;
01:55
no such thing as a perfect crime.
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não existe o crime perfeito.
01:57
There are always remnants of the perished ones
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Há sempre os restos dos que sofreram
02:00
that are more durable than their fragile bodies
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que são mais resistentes
do que seus corpos frágeis
02:02
and our selective and fading memory of them.
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e nossa memória seletiva e distante.
02:06
These items are recovered
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Esses itens são recuperados
02:09
from numerous mass graves,
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De várias valas comuns,
02:10
and the main goal of this collection of the items
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e o principal objetivo
dessa coleta dos itens
02:13
is a unique process
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é um processo único
02:15
of identifying those who disappeared in the killings,
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de identificar aqueles
que desapareceram na matança.
02:18
the first act of genocide on European soil
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O primeiro ato genocida em solo europeu
02:21
since the Holocaust.
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desde o Holocausto.
02:22
Not a single body should remain undiscovered
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Nem um corpo sequer
deve permanecer desconhecido
02:25
or unidentified.
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ou não identificado.
02:27
Once recovered,
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Uma vez recuperados,
02:28
these items that the victims carried with them
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esses itens que as vítimas
carregavam com elas
02:31
on their way to execution
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a caminho da execução
02:33
are carefully cleaned, analyzed,
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são cuidadosamente
limpados e analisados,
02:35
catalogued and stored.
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catalogados e armazenados.
02:37
Thousands of artifacts are
packed in white plastic bags
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Milhares de artefatos são
empacotados em sacolas plásticas
02:40
just like the ones you see on CSI.
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iguais às que vemos no CSI.
02:43
These objects are used as a forensic tool
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Esses objetos são usados
como ferramenta de perícia
02:45
in visual identification of the victims,
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na identificação visual das vítimas,
02:48
but they are also used as
very valuable forensic evidence
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mas também são usados
como evidência forense valiosíssima
02:51
in the ongoing war crimes trials.
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nos julgamentos dos crimes
de guerra em andamento.
02:54
Survivors are occasionally called
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Os sobreviventes
são ocasionalmente chamados
02:56
to try to identify these items physically,
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para tentarem identificar
esses itens fisicamente,
02:59
but physical browsing is extremely difficult,
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mas a análise física
é extremamente difícil,
03:02
an ineffective and painful process.
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um processo ineficiente e doloroso.
03:05
Once the forensics and doctors and lawyers
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Uma vez que os peritos
e médicos e advogados
terminam com esses objetos,
03:09
are done with these objects,
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03:10
they become orphans of the narrative.
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eles se tornam órfãos da narrativa.
03:13
Many of them get destroyed, believe it or not,
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Muitos são destruídos, podem acreditar,
03:16
or they get simply shelved,
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ou simplesmente arquivados,
03:17
out of sight and out of mind.
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fora de vista e fora da mente.
03:20
I decided a few years ago
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Há alguns anos eu decidi
03:22
to photograph every single exhumed item
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fotografar cada um dos itens exumados
03:25
in order to create a visual archive
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para criar um arquivo visual
03:27
that survivors could easily browse.
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que os sobrevivenetes
pudessem buscar facilmente.
03:30
As a storyteller, I like to give back to the community.
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Como contador de histórias,
eu gosto de retribuir à comunidade.
03:34
I like to move beyond raising awareness.
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Gosto de ir além da conscientização.
03:37
And in this case, someone may
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E nesse caso, talvez alguém
03:39
recognize these items
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possa reconhecer esses itens
03:41
or at least their photographs will remain
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ou pelo menos suas fotografias ficarão
03:43
as a permanent, unbiased and accurate reminder
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como uma lembrança permanente,
imparcial e precisa
03:47
of what happened.
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do que aconteceu.
03:49
Photography is about empathy,
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Fotografia trata-se de empatia,
03:51
and the familiarity of these
items guarantee empathy.
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e a familiaridade desses itens
garantem a empatia.
03:54
In this case, I am merely a tool,
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Nesse caso, sou uma simples ferramenta,
03:57
a forensic, if you like,
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um perito, se assim quiserem,
03:59
and the result is a photography that is as close
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e o resultado é uma fotografia
que chega o mais próximo
04:01
as possible of being a document.
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de se tornar um documento.
04:04
Once all the missing persons are identified,
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Assim que todas as pessoas
desaparecidas forem identificadas,
só corpos em decomposição em seus túmulos
04:07
only decaying bodies in their graves
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04:09
and these everyday items will remain.
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e esses itens cotidianos restarão.
04:11
In all their simplicity,
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Com toda a sua simplicidade,
04:13
these items are the last testament
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esses itens são o último testamento
04:15
to the identity of the victims,
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à identidade das vítimas,
04:17
the last permanent reminder
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a última lembrança permanente
04:19
that these people ever existed.
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de que essas pessoas um dia existiram.
04:21
Thank you very much.
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Muito obrigado.
(Aplausos)
04:23
(Applause)
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Translated by Gustavo Rocha
Reviewed by Ivan Gavioli

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ziyah Gafić - Photographer + storyteller
To help him come to terms with the tragedy of his own homeland, Bosnian photographer Ziyah Gafić turns his camera on the aftermath of conflict, showing his images in galleries, in books and on Instagram.

Why you should listen

Ziyah Gafić uses his camera to capture the aftermath of war. He has traveled to Pakistan, Iraq and Chechnya to capture beautiful portraits of people carrying on with their lives in the face of destruction; he has photographed the everyday lives of children in Rwanda, a generation born from the widespread use of rape as a weapon during the Rwandan genocide. A moving question runs through his work: After war, how do people manage to keep the fabric of society together?

Gafić's interest in this subject comes from his own biography. Born in Sarajevo, he was a teenager during the Bosnian War of the 1990s. Through photography, he parses what happened in his homeland. For his book Quest for Identity, Gafić photographed the watches, keys, shoes, combs and glasses exhumed from mass graves 20 years after the Bosnian War. These objects are cleaned, catalogued and used to help identify the bodies found with them, but afterwards, they become what Gafić calls “orphans of the narrative,” either destroyed or stored away out of sight and out of mind. His quest is to keep them in view as a last testament to the fact that these people existed, preserving them as an easily accessible visual archive that tells the story of what happened—integrating an objective forensic perspective with human compassion.

More profile about the speaker
Ziyah Gafić | Speaker | TED.com