TED Salon Brightline Initiative
Tracie Keesee: How police and the public can create safer neighborhoods together
崔西•基希: 警方和民眾要如何一起創造出更安全的鄰坊
Filmed:
Readability: 3.6
1,353,413 views
崔西•基希說，我們都想要安全，而我們的安全交織在一起。崔西是「警方平等執法中心」的共同創辦人。她分享了當警員 25 年間的經驗，並反思了警方與當地鄰坊所面臨的公共安全的困難，特別是在非裔美國人社區。她說，我們都有機會保護尊嚴和保障正義：「我們必須要一起向前邁進。不再有『我們 vs. 他們』」。
Tracie Keesee - Law enforcement professional
Dr. Tracie Keesee is committed to making the New York Police Department the most diverse and inclusive police department in the world. Full bio
Dr. Tracie Keesee is committed to making the New York Police Department the most diverse and inclusive police department in the world. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
You know, my friends,
I look at this photograph
I look at this photograph
0
921
3253
你知道嗎，我的朋友們，
每當我看著這張照片時，
每當我看著這張照片時，
00:16
and I have to ask myself,
1
4198
2445
我都要問我自己，
00:18
you know, I think I've seen this
somewhere before.
somewhere before.
2
6667
2610
我是不是以前在什麼
地方見過這景象。
地方見過這景象。
00:21
People marching in the street for justice.
3
9657
2800
人群在街頭為了正義而遊行。
00:24
But I know it's not the same photograph
that I would have seen,
that I would have seen,
4
12903
3451
但我知道我看到的
不是同一張照片，
不是同一張照片，
00:28
because I wouldn't take my oath
to be a police officer until 1989.
to be a police officer until 1989.
5
16378
4467
因為我直到 1989 年
才宣誓成為警員。
才宣誓成為警員。
00:33
And I've been in the business
for over 25 years.
for over 25 years.
6
21315
3334
我做這一行已經超過 25 年了。
00:36
And identifying
as an African-American woman,
as an African-American woman,
7
24673
2372
而身為非裔美國女子，
00:39
I know things have gotten better.
8
27069
2175
我知道一切已經有所好轉。
00:41
But even as I learned about public safety,
9
29268
2423
但即使我學過公共安全相關的事情，
00:43
I wondered if what
I was doing on the street
I was doing on the street
10
31715
2945
我也納悶我在街頭所做的事
00:46
was hurting or harming the community.
11
34684
2307
是否會傷害或危害到社區。
00:49
And I often wondered if, you know,
how did they perceive me,
how did they perceive me,
12
37323
4357
我常常納悶，居民們對
我這個穿制服的女人
我這個穿制服的女人
到底有什麼樣的感受？
00:53
this woman in uniform?
13
41704
1881
00:56
But there is one thing that I knew.
14
44204
1684
但是我知道一件事。
00:57
I knew there was a way that we could
do this, probably, different or better.
do this, probably, different or better.
15
45912
3707
我知道有一種方式，或許可以
讓我們做得不同或更好——
讓我們做得不同或更好——
01:01
A way that preserved dignity
and guaranteed justice.
and guaranteed justice.
16
49939
4352
一種保護尊嚴且保證正義的方式。
01:06
But I also knew that police
could not do it alone.
could not do it alone.
17
54883
3400
但我也知道，只靠警方是不夠的。
01:11
It's the coproduction of public safety.
18
59267
2666
它是公共安全的共同生產。
01:15
There is a lot of history with us.
19
63251
2769
我們的歷史淵源由來已久 。
01:18
You know, we know loss.
20
66830
3143
我們經歷過許多損失。
01:26
The relationship between
21
74049
1247
非裔美國社區和警方之間的關係，
01:27
the African American community
and the police is a painful one.
and the police is a painful one.
22
75320
4139
是個很痛苦的關係，
01:32
Often filled with mistrust.
23
80005
2199
通常充滿了對彼此的不信任。
01:34
It has been studied by social scientists,
24
82847
3056
這個課題已經被社會科學家研究過，
01:37
it has been studied by government,
25
85927
3055
被政府研究過，
01:41
all both promising, you know,
hopeful new ways and long-term fixes.
hopeful new ways and long-term fixes.
26
89006
4853
（研究結果）看起來都很有前景，
比如充滿希望的長期解決方案。
比如充滿希望的長期解決方案。
01:46
But all we want is to be safe.
27
94593
2000
但我們要的只是保障安全。
01:48
And our safety is intertwined.
28
96899
2000
我們的安全彼此連結。
01:51
And that we know,
in order to have great relationships
in order to have great relationships
29
99590
2548
我們也知道，
如果要建立起很好的關係，
如果要建立起很好的關係，
01:54
and relationships built on trust,
30
102162
2586
一個以信任為基礎的關係，
01:56
that we're going to have
to have communication.
to have communication.
31
104772
2426
我們就需要溝通。
01:59
And in this advent and this text
of the world that we've got going on,
of the world that we've got going on,
32
107657
5333
在當今的現實社會中，
試著透過社交媒體來做這件事
02:05
trying to do this with social media,
33
113014
2269
02:07
it's a very difficult thing to do.
34
115307
2267
是非常困難的。
02:10
We also have to examine
our current policing practices,
our current policing practices,
35
118464
3273
我們也必須檢討目前
警方執法的方式，
警方執法的方式，
02:13
and we have to set those things aside
that no longer serve us.
that no longer serve us.
36
121761
3108
且要把不再適用的部分放到一邊。
02:16
So, in New York, that meant
"stop, question and frisk."
"stop, question and frisk."
37
124893
2572
在紐約，那就意味著
「停下、問問題、搜身。」
「停下、問問題、搜身。」
02:19
That meant really holding up
the numbers as opposed to relationships.
the numbers as opposed to relationships.
38
127934
5032
那就意味著重視數字而不是關係。
02:25
And it really didn't allow
the officers the opportunity
the officers the opportunity
39
133673
2811
而（這種做法）也讓警員沒有機會
02:28
to get to know the community
in which they serve.
in which they serve.
40
136508
3653
去了解他們所服務的社區。
02:32
But you see, there is a better way.
41
140704
2738
但其實，有更好的方式。
02:35
And we know -- it's called coproduction.
42
143996
2600
我們知道——它叫做共同生產。
02:39
So in the 1970s, Elinor Ostrom
came up with this theory,
came up with this theory,
43
147702
3857
七○年代，伊莉諾•歐斯壯
提出了這個理論，
提出了這個理論，
02:43
really called coproduction,
and this is how it works.
and this is how it works.
44
151583
2677
就叫做共同生產，
它的運作方式如下。
它的運作方式如下。
02:46
You bring people into the space
that come with separate expertise,
that come with separate expertise,
45
154696
4183
把大家帶到一個空間中，
他們有著不同的專長，
他們有著不同的專長，
02:50
and you also come with new ideas
and lived experience,
and lived experience,
46
158903
4053
你也會帶來新的點子
和過去的經驗，
和過去的經驗，
02:54
and you produce a new knowledge.
47
162980
2387
然後你會產生新的知識出來。
02:57
And when you produce that new knowledge,
48
165391
2160
當你產生了新知識，
02:59
and you apply this theory
to public safety,
to public safety,
49
167575
2849
就把這個理論應用到公共安全上，
03:02
you produce a new type of public safety.
50
170448
2667
就會產生出新式的公共安全。
03:05
And so, in New York, it feels like this.
51
173657
4231
所以，在紐約，感覺就像這樣。
03:10
It is called building relationships,
literally one block at a time.
literally one block at a time.
52
178291
5441
它叫做建立關係，且真的是
一次一個街區來建立。
一次一個街區來建立。
03:16
And it's "Build the Block."
53
184293
1445
它叫做「建立街區」。
03:17
So this is how it works.
54
185762
1738
它的運作方式如下。
03:19
You go to buildtheblock.nyc,
you put in your address.
you put in your address.
55
187524
4078
你先到 buildtheblock.nyc
這個網站上，填入你的地址。
這個網站上，填入你的地址。
03:23
And up pops location, date and time
of your neighborhood meeting.
of your neighborhood meeting.
56
191974
3980
接著就會跳出你所屬鄰坊的
會議的地點、日期、時間。
會議的地點、日期、時間。
03:29
The important part of this
is you've got to go to the meeting.
is you've got to go to the meeting.
57
197378
3032
重要的在於你必須要去參加會議。
03:32
And once you go to that meeting,
58
200434
2127
一旦你去了會議，
03:34
there, of course, will be NYPD,
59
202585
2571
當然，紐約市警局也會在那裡，
03:37
along with officers
and other community members.
and other community members.
60
205180
3267
還會有警員以及社區的其他成員。
03:41
What's important about bringing, now,
the lived experience into this space
the lived experience into this space
61
209062
3474
若要將過去的經驗帶到
這個空間中來產生新知識，
這個空間中來產生新知識，
03:44
to produce new knowledge
62
212560
1752
很重要的一點就是
03:46
is that we have to have
a new way of delivering it.
a new way of delivering it.
63
214336
2444
我們必須要有新的方式來實現它。
03:49
So the new way of delivering it
64
217217
1590
所以，實現它的新方式
03:50
is through what we call neighborhood
coordinating officers, or NCOs.
coordinating officers, or NCOs.
65
218831
3849
就是透過我們所謂的
鄰坊協調員，簡稱 NCO。
鄰坊協調員，簡稱 NCO。
03:55
And so, also in this meeting are the NCOs,
66
223196
3429
鄰坊協調員也會出席這場會議，
03:58
the what we call 911 response cars,
67
226649
2912
我們所謂的一一九應變急救車、
04:01
sector cars, detectives,
68
229585
2905
巡邏車、警探，
04:04
all of us working together
to collaborate in this new way
to collaborate in this new way
69
232514
3455
我們都會同心協力使用這種新方法
04:07
to reduce crime.
70
235993
1650
來減少犯罪。
04:10
And what's interesting about this
is that we know that it works.
is that we know that it works.
71
238707
4039
有趣的是，我們知道它行得通。
04:14
So, for example, in Washington Heights.
72
242770
2418
所以，比如，在華盛頓高地。
04:17
At a community meeting, there was a bar,
up in Washington Heights,
up in Washington Heights,
73
245212
3111
在一場社區會議上，
談到華盛頓高地有一個酒吧，
談到華盛頓高地有一個酒吧，
04:20
and the neighbors were complaining
about outcry and noises.
about outcry and noises.
74
248347
2944
居民們在抱怨那裡的喊叫聲和噪音。
04:23
So in their conversations with their NCO,
75
251315
3095
所以，他們和 NCO 交談的時候，
04:26
they talked about, you know,
sound barriers,
sound barriers,
76
254434
2326
他們就談到了隔音屏障，
04:28
different ways to sort of approach this.
77
256784
2132
不同的方式來處理噪音。
04:31
Is there a different way
we can direct traffic?
we can direct traffic?
78
259235
2207
我們有不同的方式
可以指揮交通嗎？
可以指揮交通嗎？
04:33
And of course now they have
relatively quieter bar nights.
relatively quieter bar nights.
79
261466
3934
當然，現在他們有相對
比較安靜的酒吧夜了。
比較安靜的酒吧夜了。
04:37
So, another issue that always
comes up in neighborhoods is speeding.
comes up in neighborhoods is speeding.
80
265966
3524
在鄰坊總是會拿出來談的
另一個議題就是超速。
另一個議題就是超速。
04:41
How many of you in here
have ever had a speeding ticket?
have ever had a speeding ticket?
81
269514
2649
在座有多少人曾經
被開過超速罰單？
被開過超速罰單？
04:44
Raise your hand.
82
272187
1152
請舉手。喔，舉高點，拜託！
04:45
Oh, higher, come on!
83
273363
1142
04:46
There's more than that, this is New York.
84
274529
2145
不只這樣，這是紐約。
04:48
So those are other issues
that brought to the NCO.
that brought to the NCO.
85
276698
2794
那些議題也會被拿來和 NCO 談。
04:51
Speeding -- what the NCOs do
86
279516
1764
超速—— NCO 的做法是
04:53
is they collaborate
with the Department of Transportation,
with the Department of Transportation,
87
281304
2735
他們和交通部合作，
04:56
they look at issues such as speed bumps
and signage and all types of things.
and signage and all types of things.
88
284063
4580
他們去研究像是減速路脊、
標牌等等各種東西。
05:00
And when we come together to create
this different type of policing,
this different type of policing,
89
288667
3754
當我們聯手創造出
這種不同的警方執法方式，
這種不同的警方執法方式，
05:04
it also feels different.
90
292445
2079
感覺也會不太一樣。
05:07
The coproduction
of public safety also means
of public safety also means
91
295818
2425
公共安全的共同生產也意味著
05:10
that officers need to understand
92
298267
1826
警員必須要了解
05:12
the history and the power
of their uniforms.
of their uniforms.
93
300117
2818
他們的制服有什麼歷史和權力。
05:15
They're going to have to set aside
old historical narratives
old historical narratives
94
303458
2818
他們必須要把不適合的
古老歷史敘述
古老歷史敘述
05:18
that do not serve them well.
95
306290
1565
放到一邊去。
05:20
And that means they have to learn
about implicit bias.
about implicit bias.
96
308220
2658
那就表示他們得要
了解內在的偏見。
了解內在的偏見。
05:23
Implicit biases are shortcuts
the brain makes
the brain makes
97
311204
2938
內在的偏見是大腦造成的截徑，
05:26
without us really knowing it.
98
314166
1737
我們自己可能都不知道。
05:27
They're stereotypes
that often influence our decision making.
that often influence our decision making.
99
315927
3840
它們是刻板印象，
通常會影響我們的決策。
通常會影響我們的決策。
所以，你們可以想像，
05:32
And so, you can imagine,
100
320434
1237
05:33
for police officers who have to make
split-second decisions
split-second decisions
101
321695
3366
警員得要在瞬間做出決策，
05:37
can be a very detrimental
decision-making point.
decision-making point.
102
325085
3267
這可能是個非常不利的決策點。
05:41
That's why the NYPD, along with other
departments throughout the United States,
departments throughout the United States,
103
329147
4738
那就是為什麼紐約市警局
以及美國各地其他警局
以及美國各地其他警局
05:45
are training all of their officers
in implicit bias.
in implicit bias.
104
333909
3027
都在訓練他們的警員
認識內在偏見。
認識內在偏見。
05:49
They have to understand
that learning about their implicit biases,
that learning about their implicit biases,
105
337472
5056
他們必須要知道，
若能了解他們的內在偏見、
若能了解他們的內在偏見、
05:54
having good training, tactics
and deescalation
and deescalation
106
342552
4159
接受好的訓練、有好戰術、
降低衝突範圍，
降低衝突範圍，
05:58
and understanding how it impacts
your decision making
your decision making
107
346735
3175
並了解它會如何影響你的決策，
06:01
makes us all safer.
108
349934
1579
就能讓我們所有人更安全。
06:04
We also know how officers
are treated inside the organization
are treated inside the organization
109
352958
3429
我們也知道知道在組織中
警員是如何被對待的，
警員是如何被對待的，
06:08
impacts how they're going to behave
with the community at large.
with the community at large.
110
356411
3476
這會影響到他們
在總體社區中的行為。
在總體社區中的行為。
06:12
This is critical.
111
360212
1150
這很重要。
06:13
Especially if you want to have
a new way forward.
a new way forward.
112
361839
2546
特別是在你想要用新方式
向前走的情況下。
向前走的情況下。
06:17
And we know that we have to care
for those folks that are on the frontline.
for those folks that are on the frontline.
113
365291
4081
我們知道我們必須要
照顧在前線的那些人。
照顧在前線的那些人。
06:21
And they have to recognize
their own trauma.
their own trauma.
114
369973
2603
而他們必須要認出自己的創傷。
06:24
And in order to do that,
us as leaders have to lift them up
us as leaders have to lift them up
115
372997
3758
若要做到這一點，我們這些
領導的人就必須要將他們扶起來，
領導的人就必須要將他們扶起來，
06:28
and let them know that the narratives
of being strong men and women --
of being strong men and women --
116
376779
3294
讓他們知道，成為堅強的
男性或女性這種觀念——
男性或女性這種觀念——
06:32
you can set those aside,
and it's OK to say you need help.
and it's OK to say you need help.
117
380097
3064
可以放到一邊去，
向別人求助是沒關係的。
向別人求助是沒關係的。
06:35
And we do that by providing peer support,
118
383652
2584
我們的做法是提供同儕支持、
06:38
employee assistance,
mental health services.
mental health services.
119
386260
3023
員工協助、心理健康服務。
06:41
We make sure all
of those things are in place,
of those things are in place,
120
389307
2218
我們確保所有這些都已經就緒，
06:43
because without it --
121
391549
1393
因為若沒有它——
06:44
it's a critical component
to the coproduction of public safety.
to the coproduction of public safety.
122
392966
3795
公共安全的共同生產少不了它。
06:49
Equally as important
is that we also have social issues
is that we also have social issues
123
397704
2929
還有一點也同樣重要，
我們也有些社會議題
我們也有些社會議題
06:52
that are often laid at the feet
of law enforcement.
of law enforcement.
124
400657
2968
通常都會被推給執法單位。
06:55
So, for example,
mental health and education.
mental health and education.
125
403649
3141
比如，心理健康和教育。
06:59
Historically, we've been
pulled into those spaces
pulled into those spaces
126
407763
2754
在歷史上，我們被拉入這些空間，
07:02
where we have not necessarily
provided public safety
provided public safety
127
410541
3746
在那些空間中，我們
不見得有提供公共安全，
不見得有提供公共安全，
07:06
but have enforced long, historical
legislative racial desegregation.
legislative racial desegregation.
128
414311
5153
但卻實施了長期、歷史久遠的
立法種族隔離政策。
立法種族隔離政策。
07:13
We have to own our part in history.
129
421069
3098
我們得要在歷史上
扮演好自己的角色。
扮演好自己的角色。
07:16
But we also have to have
those folks at the table
those folks at the table
130
424672
2857
但當我們談到我們要如何
向前邁進做到共同生產時，
向前邁進做到共同生產時，
07:19
when we're talking about
how do we move forward with coproduction.
how do we move forward with coproduction.
131
427553
3561
也必須要讓那些人參與。
07:24
But understanding this,
132
432297
1644
但要了解一點，
07:25
we also have to understand
that we need to have voices come to us
that we need to have voices come to us
133
433965
4817
我們也得要了解，
我們需要讓聲音來找我們，
我們需要讓聲音來找我們，
07:30
in a different way.
134
438806
1150
且是以不同的方式。
07:32
We also have to recognize
135
440998
1644
我們也得要承認，
07:34
that the community
may not be willing or ready
may not be willing or ready
136
442666
3260
社區不見得會願意或準備好
07:37
to come to the table
to have the conversation.
to have the conversation.
137
445950
3008
來參與、來對談。
07:40
And that's OK.
138
448982
1150
那沒關係。
07:42
We have to be able to accept that.
139
450498
2031
我們必須要能接受這一點。
07:45
By acknowledging it, it also means
that we care for the community's health
that we care for the community's health
140
453252
3479
承認這一點，也就意味著
我們不只在乎社區的健康，
我們不只在乎社區的健康，
07:48
and for their resiliency as well.
141
456755
2107
也在乎它們的恢復力。
07:50
That's another key component.
142
458886
1933
那是另一個關鍵要素。
07:53
We also have to acknowledge
143
461633
1350
我們也得要承認，
07:55
that there are those folks
that are in our community that are here --
that are in our community that are here --
144
463007
3245
在我們的社區中也有一些人——
07:58
they do want to do us harm.
145
466276
1331
他們確實想要傷害我們。
08:00
We also have to recognize
that we have community members
that we have community members
146
468419
3080
我們也得要承認，有一些社區成員
08:03
who did not get the benefits
of a long-ago dream.
of a long-ago dream.
147
471523
4209
沒有得到過去夢想的益處。
08:09
We also have to acknowledge
148
477180
1691
我們也得要承認，
08:10
that we have put faith in a system
that sometimes is broken,
that sometimes is broken,
149
478895
3298
我們所相信的體制，
有時候並不完美，
有時候並不完美，
08:14
hoping that it would give us
solutions for better.
solutions for better.
150
482217
2916
而我們希望它會
讓我們的情況好轉。
讓我們的情況好轉。
08:18
But we cannot walk away.
151
486486
2079
但我們不能轉頭離開。
08:21
Because there is a better way.
152
489177
2000
因為還有更好的方式。
08:24
And we know this because the NYPD's
neighborhood policing philosophy
neighborhood policing philosophy
153
492101
5001
我們知道這一點，是因為
紐約市警局在鄰坊執法的哲學
紐約市警局在鄰坊執法的哲學
08:29
is grounded in the coproduction
of public safety.
of public safety.
154
497126
3325
以公共安全的共同生產為基礎。
08:33
And in order for us
to move forward together,
to move forward together,
155
501554
2507
若我們要一起向前邁進，
08:36
with our family, our friends
and for our health,
and for our health,
156
504085
3818
和我們的家人、我們的朋友一起，
為了我們的健康，
為了我們的健康，
08:39
we have to make sure
that we focus this way.
that we focus this way.
157
507927
3000
那麼我們就得要確保
我們專注在這個方式上。
我們專注在這個方式上。
08:43
And in order to do that,
158
511617
1555
若要這麼做，
08:45
there are three fundamental ideologies
that we must all agree to.
that we must all agree to.
159
513196
4730
我們都必須要認同
三項重要的意識形態。
三項重要的意識形態。
08:49
Are you ready?
160
517950
1150
你們準備好了嗎？
08:51
Oh, I'm sorry, one more time --
are you ready?
are you ready?
161
519679
2168
喔，抱歉，再一次——
你們準備好了嗎？
你們準備好了嗎？
觀眾：好了！
講者：好多了。好。
講者：好多了。好。
08:53
Audience: Yes!
162
521871
1181
08:55
Tracie Keesee:
Now, that's better, alright.
Now, that's better, alright.
163
523076
2009
第一：不要再
沉迷在「為什麼」中。
沉迷在「為什麼」中。
08:57
The first one: There's no more
wallowing in the why.
wallowing in the why.
164
525109
3097
09:00
We know why.
165
528982
1793
我們知道為什麼。
09:04
We must move forward together.
There's no more us versus them.
There's no more us versus them.
166
532244
3199
我們必須要一起向前邁進，
不再有「我們 vs. 他們」。
不再有「我們 vs. 他們」。
09:08
Number two:
167
536819
1150
第二：
09:10
We must embrace the lived experience
and our histories,
and our histories,
168
538811
5135
我們必須要擁抱
過去的經驗和我們的歷史，
過去的經驗和我們的歷史，
09:15
and we must make sure we never go back
to a place where we cannot move forward.
to a place where we cannot move forward.
169
543970
4828
且我們必須要確保我們永遠不會
回到一個無法再向前進的地方。
09:21
And number three:
170
549820
1150
第三：
09:23
We must also make sure
171
551955
2325
我們也必須要確保
09:26
that truth and telling facts is painful.
172
554304
5182
真相和說事實是很痛苦的。
09:32
But we also know that no action
is no longer acceptable.
is no longer acceptable.
173
560480
4770
但我們知道不採取行動
是不可接受的。
是不可接受的。
09:37
And agree?
174
565274
1150
同意嗎？
觀眾：同意。
觀眾：同意。
09:38
Audience: Yes.
175
566836
1151
講者：抱歉，我聽不見，
你們同意嗎？
你們同意嗎？
09:40
TK: Oh, I'm sorry, I can't hear you,
do you agree?
do you agree?
176
568011
2352
觀眾：同意！
09:42
Audience: Yes!
177
570387
1150
講者：我們確實
知道有更好的方法。
知道有更好的方法。
09:43
TK: So we do know there is a better way.
178
571561
1921
更好的方法就是
公共安全的共同生產。
公共安全的共同生產。
09:45
And the better way
is the coproduction of public safety.
is the coproduction of public safety.
179
573506
3157
謝謝。
09:49
Thank you.
180
577101
1166
09:50
(Applause)
181
578291
4322
（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Tracie Keesee - Law enforcement professionalDr. Tracie Keesee is committed to making the New York Police Department the most diverse and inclusive police department in the world.
Why you should listen
Before joining the NYPD as the Deputy Commissioner of Equity and Inclusion, Dr. Tracie L. Keesee served as the Project Director of the National Initiative for Building Community Trust and Justice. In her current role, she strives to improve communication and collaboration between local police officers and community residents. Keesee also co-founded the Center for Policing Equity and is a 25-year police veteran.
Tracie Keesee | Speaker | TED.com