ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Linus Torvalds - Software engineer
In 1991, Linus Torvalds shared the Linux kernel with a few computer hobbyists. The operating system they built reshaped the software industry.

Why you should listen

Fascinated by the economy and elegance of experimental operating system Minix, computer scientist Linus Torvalds wrote an operating system kernel and shared it with independent programmers. The system that they fleshed out and released in 1994 -- Linux -- was remarkable not only for its utility and efficiency but also for the collaboration of its community.

Now enjoying mainstream respectability (and the support of the computer industry), Linux runs on the servers of Amazon, Google, and much of the wired world. As the sole arbiter of code for the Linux Foundation (which he characteristically downplays by saying “the only power I have is to say ‘no’”), Torvalds quietly inspires open-source projects worldwide.

More profile about the speaker
Linus Torvalds | Speaker | TED.com
TED2016

Linus Torvalds: The mind behind Linux

林納斯·托瓦茲: Linux 大老在想甚麼?

Filmed:
4,901,513 views

林納斯·托瓦茲轉變科技兩次,第一次推出了 Linux 核心,驅動了網路世界;第二次則推出 Git,一套給全世界電腦工程師的原始碼管理系統。托瓦茲在與 TED 策展人及總監克里斯·安德森的罕見會談中,坦誠道出他的個性如何發展出他獨特的工作、寫程式及生活哲學。托瓦茲說:「我不是願景家,我是工程師。我對那些四處遊蕩、望著雲端的人沒有任何意見。但是我是看著地面的人,我想修補就在我面前的坑洞,以免跌進去。」
- Software engineer
In 1991, Linus Torvalds shared the Linux kernel with a few computer hobbyists. The operating system they built reshaped the software industry. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
Chris克里斯 Anderson安德森: This is such這樣
a strange奇怪 thing.
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克里斯·安德森:
這真是件怪事。
你的 Linux 軟體
裝在數百萬台電腦內,
00:15
Your software軟件, LinuxLinux的,
is in millions百萬 of computers電腦,
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00:18
it probably大概 powers權力 much of the Internet互聯網.
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大部分的網路都靠它驅動。
00:22
And I think that there are, like,
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我想現在大概有
00:24
a billion十億 and a half active活性
AndroidAndroid的 devices設備 out there.
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十五億支 Android 裝置在用。
00:27
Your software軟件 is in every一切
single one of them.
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你的軟體也裝在每一支裡面。
00:30
It's kind of amazing驚人.
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這真了不起。
00:31
You must必須 have some amazing驚人
software軟件 headquarters司令部 driving主動 all this.
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你一定有很了不起的
軟體總部操縱這些。
00:37
That's what I thought -- and I was shocked吃驚
when I saw a picture圖片 of it.
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我原本是這麼想的,
所以我看到這張照片時相當驚訝。
00:40
I mean, this is --
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我是說,這個──
00:41
this is the LinuxLinux的 world世界 headquarters司令部.
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這個就是 Linux 全球總部。
00:43
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
00:45
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
00:49
Linus萊納斯 Torvalds托瓦爾茲: It really
doesn't look like much.
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林納斯·托瓦茲:
這看起來真的沒什麼了不起。
00:52
And I have to say,
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我得說,
00:53
the most interesting有趣 part部分 in this picture圖片,
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這張照片最有意思的部分,
00:57
that people mostly大多 react應對 to,
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大家最有反應的地方,
00:59
is the walking步行 desk.
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就是這臺跑步機辦公桌。
01:00
It is the most interesting有趣
part部分 in my office辦公室
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我的辦公室裡就這個最好玩,
01:03
and I'm not actually其實 using運用 it anymore.
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我現在其實不用它了。
01:05
And I think the two things are related有關.
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我想這兩件事其實相關。
01:09
The way I work is ...
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我的工作方式是──
01:13
I want to not have external外部 stimulation促進.
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我不想要有外界刺激。
01:18
You can kind of see,
on the walls牆壁 are this light green綠色.
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你們大概看得出來,
牆面漆著淡綠色。
01:23
I'm told that at mental心理 institutions機構
they use that on the walls牆壁.
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人家告訴我精神病院的牆壁
都漆這種顏色。
01:27
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
01:29
It's like a calming平靜 color顏色,
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這是讓人平靜的顏色,
01:30
it's not something
that really stimulates提神 you.
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這不是會刺激你的東西。
01:35
What you can't see is the computer電腦 here,
you only see the screen屏幕,
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你看不到的是那裡有臺電腦,
你只能看到螢幕,
01:39
but the main主要 thing I worry擔心
about in my computer電腦 is --
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但是我最擔心電腦的部分是──
01:42
it doesn't have to be big
and powerful強大, although雖然 I like that --
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它不用很大很強,
雖然這部分我也喜歡──
01:46
it really has to be completely全然 silent無聲.
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但它真的必須完全靜音。
01:49
I know people who work for Google谷歌
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我認識一些
在 Google 工作的人,
01:52
and they have their own擁有
small data數據 center中央 at home,
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他們在家裡
有自己的小型資料中心,
01:55
and I don't do that.
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但是我沒有。
01:56
My office辦公室 is the most
boring無聊 office辦公室 you'll你會 ever see.
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我的辦公室是你見過
最乏味的辦公室。
02:00
And I sit there alone單獨 in the quiet安靜.
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我自己一個人
坐在很安靜的環境裡。
02:04
If the cat comes up,
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如果我的貓跑來了,
02:06
it sits坐鎮 in my lap膝部.
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牠會坐在我的腿上。
02:08
And I want to hear the cat purring打呼嚕,
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我要聽貓咕嚕咕嚕的聲音,
02:10
not the sound聲音 of the fans球迷 in the computer電腦.
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不要聽電腦風扇的聲音。
02:13
CACA: So this is astonishing驚人,
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克:所以這真令人驚訝,
02:14
because working加工 this way,
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因為你這種工作方式,
02:17
you're able能夠 to run this vast廣大
technology技術 empire帝國 --
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還能管理這麼大的科技帝國──
02:20
it is an empire帝國 --
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這的確是個帝國──
02:21
so that's an amazing驚人 testament遺囑
to the power功率 of open打開 source資源.
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所以這就是開放原始碼
力量有多大的驚人證據。
02:25
Tell us how you got
to understand理解 open打開 source資源
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跟我們聊聊你怎麼開始
了解開放原始碼,
02:29
and how it lead
to the development發展 of LinuxLinux的.
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及這如何帶領你開發 Linux。
02:33
LTLT: I mean, I still work alone單獨.
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林:我是說,我仍然是獨行俠。
02:35
Really -- I work alone單獨 in my house,
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真的,我自己一個人在家裡工作,
02:38
often經常 in my bathrobe浴衣.
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通常是穿著浴袍。
02:40
When a photographer攝影師 shows節目 up, I dress連衣裙 up,
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有攝影師來了,
我就穿整齊一點,
02:42
so I have clothes衣服 on.
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所以我有穿衣服。
02:43
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
02:45
And that's how I've always worked工作.
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我總是這樣工作。
02:47
I mean, this was how I started開始 LinuxLinux的, too.
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我是說,
我也是這樣開始 Linux。
02:49
I did not start開始 LinuxLinux的
as a collaborative共同 project項目.
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我開始 Linux 時,
沒有把它當成協同計劃。
02:53
I started開始 it as one
in a series系列 of many許多 projects項目
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我開始是把它當成
一系列計劃中的一個,
02:57
I had doneDONE at the time for myself,
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我當時是為自己做的,
03:01
partly部分地 because I needed需要 the end結束 result結果,
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部分原因是我需要最終結果,
03:03
but even more because I just
enjoyed享受 programming程序設計.
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但是更重要的是
我就是喜歡寫程式。
03:06
So it was about the end結束 of the journey旅程,
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所以重點是旅程的終點,
03:10
which哪一個, 25 years年份 later後來,
we still have not reached到達.
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然而 25 年後,
我們還沒有達到目的地。
03:13
But it was really about the fact事實
that I was looking for a project項目 on my own擁有
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但事實真的是
我在為自己找個計劃,
03:17
and there was no open打開 source資源,
really, on my radar雷達 at all.
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說真的開放原始碼
根本不在我的考慮範圍之內。
03:21
And what happened發生 is ...
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當時的情況是──
03:24
the project項目 grows成長 and becomes something
you want to show顯示 off to people.
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計劃有進展,
變成你很想跟人炫耀的東西。
03:30
Really, this is more of a, "Wow,
look at what I did!"
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說真的,這更像是:
「哇,你看我做了什麼!」
03:34
And trust相信 me -- it was not
that great back then.
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相信我,那時候沒有現在這麼好。
03:38
I made製作 it publicly公然 available可得到,
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我把它公開共享,
03:40
and it wasn't even
open打開 source資源 at that point.
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那時候根本還不是開放原始碼。
03:42
At that point it was source資源 that was open打開,
but there was no intention意向
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那個時候原始碼是開放的,
但是背後根本沒有意圖
03:47
behind背後 using運用 the kind of open-source開源
methodology方法 that we think of today今天
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要用我們今天認為的
開放原始碼方法論來改進。
03:52
to improve提高 it.
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03:53
It was more like,
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這更像是:
03:54
"Look, I've been working加工
on this for half a year,
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「你看,我花了大半年做這個,
03:58
I'd love to have comments註釋."
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我想聽聽意見。」
04:00
And other people approached接近 me.
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然後有些人來接觸我。
04:03
At the University大學 of Helsinki赫爾辛基,
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在赫爾辛基大學,
04:04
I had a friend朋友 who was one
of the open打開 source資源 --
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我有個朋友在做開放原始碼──
04:08
it was called mainly主要
"free自由 software軟件" back then --
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那時候大家還叫「自由軟體」──
04:12
and he actually其實 introduced介紹 me
to the notion概念 that, hey,
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實際上是他向我介紹這個概念,嘿,
04:16
you can use these open-source開源
licenses許可證 that had been around.
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你可以用現有的
開放原始碼授權條款。
04:24
And I thought about it for a while.
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我考慮了一陣子。
04:26
I was actually其實 worried擔心 about the whole整個
commercial廣告 interests利益 coming未來 in.
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我擔心的其實是
隨之而來的商業利益。
04:29
I mean, that's one of the worries
I think most people who start開始 out have,
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我是說,我想大多數
創業的人都會擔心這一點,
04:34
is that they worry擔心 about somebody
taking服用 advantage優點 of their work, right?
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就是他們擔心
有人會占他們便宜,對吧?
04:39
And I decided決定, "What the hell地獄?"
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後來我決定「管他去死!」
04:43
And --
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所以──
04:44
CACA: And then at some point,
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克:之後有一天,
04:46
someone有人 contributed貢獻
some code that you thought,
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有人貢獻了一些程式,
而你這麼想:
04:48
"Wow, that really is interesting有趣,
I would not have thought of that.
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「哇,這真的很有意思,
我從沒想過這點。
04:51
This could actually其實 improve提高 this."
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這應該可以改進這個。」
04:53
LTLT: It didn't even start開始
by people contributing貢獻 code,
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林:這甚至不是
從有人貢獻程式開始,
04:56
it was more that people
started開始 contributing貢獻 ideas思路.
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比較像是大家開始貢獻想法。
04:59
And just the fact事實 that somebody else其他
takes a look at your project項目 --
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光是這個事實,
就是別人看了你的計劃──
05:03
and I'm sure it's true真正
of other things, too,
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我確信別的事也一樣,
05:05
but it's definitely無疑 true真正 in code --
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但這在寫程式
這件事上絕對是這樣──
05:07
is that somebody else其他
takes an interest利益 in your code,
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就是有人對你的程式有興趣,
05:10
looks容貌 at it enough足夠 to actually其實
give you feedback反饋
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還仔細研究到能真的給你意見,
05:13
and give you ideas思路.
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給你想法。
05:15
That was a huge巨大 thing for me.
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這對我是件大事。
05:17
I was 21 at the time, so I was young年輕,
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那時我 21 歲,是很年輕,
05:20
but I had already已經 programmed程序
for half my life, basically基本上.
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但我基本上
已經寫了半輩子的程式。
05:24
And every一切 project項目 before that
had been completely全然 personal個人
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在那之前每一件計劃
都是我個人的東西,
05:28
and it was a revelation啟示 when people
just started開始 commenting評論,
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所以當大家開始評論,
05:31
started開始 giving feedback反饋 on your code.
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開始對你的程式給意見時,
真的是一種啟示。
05:34
And even before they started開始
giving code back,
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甚至在他們開始回饋程式前,
05:38
that was, I think, one of the big
moments瞬間 where I said,
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我想那是重要的一刻,
因為我說:
05:41
"I love other people!"
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「我愛別人!」
05:43
Don't get me wrong錯誤 --
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不要誤會,
05:44
I'm actually其實 not a people person.
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我不是一個喜歡社交的人。
05:46
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
05:49
I don't really love other people --
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我不是真的愛別人──
05:52
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
05:53
But I love computers電腦,
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但是我愛電腦,
05:54
I love interacting互動 with other
people on email電子郵件,
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我愛與別人用電郵互動,
05:57
because it kind of gives you that buffer緩衝.
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因為這好像給了你緩衝的空間。
06:00
But I do love other people who comment評論
and get involved參與 in my project項目.
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但是我的確喜愛
會評論並參與計劃的人。
06:06
And it made製作 it so much more.
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這使計劃豐富許多。
06:09
CACA: So was there a moment時刻
when you saw what was being存在 built內置
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克:有沒有哪個時刻,
你看到現有的專案
06:12
and it suddenly突然 started開始 taking服用 off,
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突然大受歡迎,
06:14
and you thought, "Wait a sec,
this actually其實 could be something huge巨大,
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然後你想:「等一下,
這應該會變成更大的東西,
06:17
not just a personal個人 project項目
that I'm getting得到 nice不錯 feedback反饋 on,
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不再只是個人的計劃,
可以得到一些很好的建議,
06:20
but a kind of explosive爆炸物 development發展
in the whole整個 technology技術 world世界"?
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而是有點像整個科技界的
爆炸性進展?」
06:25
LTLT: Not really.
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林:其實沒有。
06:27
I mean, the big point for me, really,
was not when it was becoming變得 huge巨大,
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我說真的,對我而言重點
不是它變大的時候,
06:30
it was when it was becoming變得 little.
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而是它變小的時候。
06:33
The big point for me was not being存在 alone單獨
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對我而言重點是
不再單打獨鬥,
06:37
and having 10, maybe 100
people being存在 involved參與 --
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而是有十人,
或許一百人參與,
06:40
that was a big point.
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這是重點。
06:42
Then everything else其他 was very gradual.
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然後其它的事都慢慢發生。
06:45
Going from 100 people to a million百萬 people
is not a big deal合同 -- to me.
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從一百人到一百萬人
沒什麼了不起,對我而言。
06:49
Well, I mean, maybe it is if you're --
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我是說,可能很了不起,
如果你──
06:51
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
06:52
If you want to sell your result結果
then it's a huge巨大 deal合同 --
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如果你想賣你的結果
那當然很了不起──
06:55
don't get me wrong錯誤.
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不要誤會。
06:56
But if you're interested有興趣 in the technology技術
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但是如果你是對科技有興趣,
06:58
and you're interested有興趣 in the project項目,
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你對這計劃本身有興趣,
07:00
the big part部分 was getting得到 the community社區.
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那重點是建立一個社群。
07:02
Then the community社區 grew成長 gradually逐漸.
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然後這個社群慢慢成長。
07:04
And there's actually其實 not
a single point where I went like,
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其實並沒有什麼
特別的時刻讓我覺得
07:08
"Wow, that just took off!" because it --
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「哇,起飛了!」
因為它──
07:10
I mean -- it took a long time, relatively相對.
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我是說──這真的
花了相對而言很長的時間。
07:13
CACA: So all the technologists技術專家
that I talk to really credit信用 you
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克:跟我聊過的科技人都歸功你,
07:16
with massively大規模 changing改變 their work.
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說你完全改變了他們的工作。
07:19
And it's not just LinuxLinux的,
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而且不只是 Linux,
07:21
it's this thing called Git混帳,
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還有這個叫做 Git 的,
07:22
which哪一個 is this management管理 system系統
for software軟件 development發展.
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這是一套軟體開發的
(版本)管理系統。
07:26
Tell us briefly簡要地 about that
and your role角色 in that.
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跟我們簡單說明一下
你在其中的角色。
07:30
LTLT: So one of the issues問題 we had,
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林:那時我們有一個問題,
07:32
and this took a while to start開始 to appear出現,
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在做了一陣子之後才出現,
07:35
is when you ...
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就是當你──
07:37
When you grow增長 from having 10 people
or 100 people working加工 on a project項目
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當你的計劃從十人或百人
07:43
to having 10,000 people, which哪一個 --
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成長到一萬人,這個──
07:45
I mean, right now we're in the situation情況
where just on the kernel核心,
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就是說現在我們的情況是
僅僅在核心部分,
07:48
we have 1,000 people involved參與
in every一切 single release發布
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每次釋出新版本都有上千人參與,
07:52
and that's every一切 two months個月,
roughly大致 two or three months個月.
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而且每兩個月,
大約兩到三個月就釋出一次。
07:56
Some of those people don't do a lot.
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有些人做得不多。
07:58
There's a lot of people
who make small, small changes變化.
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有很多人只做一點點修改。
08:01
But to maintain保持 this,
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但是要維護這個,
08:03
the scale規模 changes變化 how
you have to maintain保持 it.
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這樣的規模
會改變你維護的方法。
08:06
And we went through通過 a lot of pain疼痛.
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我們經歷了很多痛苦。
08:10
And there are whole整個 projects項目
that do only source-code源代碼 maintenance保養.
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有很多計劃只能做原始碼維護。
08:17
CVSCVS is the one that used to be
the most commonly常用 used,
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CVS (協作版本系統)
過去是最常用的系統,
08:20
and I hated CVSCVS with a passion
and refused拒絕 to touch觸摸 it
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我恨死了 CVS,
堅決不肯使用它,
08:24
and tried試著 something else其他
that was radical激進 and interesting有趣
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我也試了其它激進有趣的東西,
08:27
and everybody每個人 else其他 hated.
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但是其他人卻恨死了。
08:31
CACA: (Laughs)
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克:(笑聲)
08:32
LTLT: And we were in this bad spot,
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林:我們處在很糟的情況,
08:34
where we had thousands數千 of people
who wanted to participate參加,
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我們有數千人想要參與,
08:37
but in many許多 ways方法,
I was the kind of break打破 point,
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但是從很多方面看,
我都是那個中斷點,
08:42
where I could not scale規模 to the point
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我無法放大自己的格局
08:44
where I could work
with thousands數千 of people.
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到能與數千人一同工作。
08:47
So Git混帳 is my second第二 big project項目,
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所以 Git 是
我的第二個大型計畫,
08:50
which哪一個 was only created創建 for me
to maintain保持 my first big project項目.
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是專門為我打造,
以維護我的第一個大型計畫,
08:55
And this is literally按照字面 how I work.
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這真的就是我工作的方式。
08:57
I don't code for --
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我寫程式不是為了──
09:00
well, I do code for fun開玩笑 --
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嗯,我的確會為了好玩寫程式──
09:01
but I want to code
for something meaningful富有意義的
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但是我想寫有意義的程式,
09:04
so every一切 single project項目 I've ever doneDONE
has been something I needed需要
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所以我完成的每一項計畫
都是我需要的東西,
09:08
and --
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而且──
09:09
CACA: So really, both LinuxLinux的
and Git混帳 kind of arose出現
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克:所以真的,
Linux 和 Git 兩者的出現
09:13
almost幾乎 as an unintended意外 consequence後果
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幾乎都是你不想
與很多人一同工作
09:15
of your desire慾望 not to have
to work with too many許多 people.
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而產生意料之外的結果。
09:18
LTLT: Absolutely絕對. Yes.
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林:一點也沒錯!是的!
09:19
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
09:20
CACA: That's amazing驚人.
LTLT: Yeah.
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克:真了不起。
林:是的。
09:22
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
09:23
And yet然而, you're the man
who's誰是 transformed改造 technology技術
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然而,你是轉變科技的人,
09:27
not just once一旦 but twice兩次,
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不只一次,而是二次,
09:28
and we have to try
and understand理解 why it is.
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我們得試著瞭解為什麼會這樣。
09:31
You've given特定 us some clues線索, but ...
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你給了我們一些線索,但是……
09:32
Here's這裡的 a picture圖片 of you as a kid孩子,
with a Rubik's魔方 Cube立方體.
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這張照片是你小時候,
在玩魔術方塊。
09:37
You mentioned提到 that you've been
programming程序設計 since以來 you were like 10 or 11,
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你之前提到你大概從
10 或 11 歲就開始寫程式,
09:41
half your life.
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半輩子。
09:43
Were you this sort分類 of computer電腦
genius天才, you know, übernerdbernerd,
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你是那種電腦天才,
你知道的,超級書呆子,
09:46
were you the star at school學校
who could do everything?
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學校裡什麼都能做的明星嗎?
09:49
What were you like as a kid孩子?
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你小時候是什麼樣子?
09:52
LTLT: Yeah, I think I was
the prototypical原型 nerd書呆子.
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林:對,我想我是那種
典型的書呆子。
09:54
I mean, I was ...
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我是說,我是……
09:57
I was not a people person back then.
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那時候我就不是愛社交的人。
09:59
That's my younger更年輕 brother哥哥.
202
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那是我的弟弟。
10:01
I was clearly明確地 more interested有興趣
in the Rubik's魔方 Cube立方體
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很明顯我對魔術方塊比較有興趣,
10:04
than my younger更年輕 brother哥哥.
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不太理我弟弟。
10:06
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
10:07
My younger更年輕 sister妹妹,
who's誰是 not in the picture圖片,
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我的妹妹,沒有在照片上,
10:10
when we had family家庭 meetings會議 --
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每次我們大家庭聚在一起──
10:12
and it's not a huge巨大 family家庭, but I have,
like, a couple一對 of cousins表兄弟 --
208
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不是很大的家庭,
但是我有幾個堂兄弟姊妹──
10:16
she would prep預備 me beforehand預先.
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她都會先幫我預習一下。
10:19
Like, before I stepped加強
into the room房間 she would say,
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2566
像在我踏進房門之前她會說:
10:22
"OK. That's so-and-so誰誰 ..."
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「看好,這是誰和誰……」
10:25
Because I was not --
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因為我不──
10:28
I was a geek極客.
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我很宅。
10:29
I was into computers電腦,
214
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1166
我非常投入電腦,
10:30
I was into math數學,
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我非常投入數學,
10:31
I was into physics物理.
216
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1151
我非常投入物理。
10:33
I was good at that.
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我那項很強。
10:34
I don't think I was
particularly尤其 exceptional優秀.
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我從不認為自己很超凡。
10:37
Apparently顯然地, my sister妹妹 said
219
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很明顯,我的妹妹總是說
10:39
that my biggest最大 exceptional優秀 quality質量
was that I would not let go.
220
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我最超凡的特質就是我從不放手。
10:47
CACA: OK, so let's go there,
because that's interesting有趣.
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克:好,就來談這個,
因為這很有意思。
10:50
You would not let go.
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你不放手。
10:51
So that's not about being存在
a geek極客 and being存在 smart聰明,
223
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所以這跟宅或聰明沒關,
10:54
that's about being存在 ... stubborn倔強?
224
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這是因為你很……固執?
10:57
LTLT: That's about being存在 stubborn倔強.
225
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林:的確是因為我很固執。
10:58
That's about, like,
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那就像,
11:01
just starting開始 something
227
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2200
你才開始了什麼,
11:03
and not saying, "OK, I'm doneDONE,
let's do something else其他 --
228
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5450
你不會說:
「好!不玩了!來做別的吧……
11:08
Look: shiny閃亮!"
229
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看!那個好亮!」
11:10
And I notice注意 that in many許多
other parts部分 in my life, too.
230
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我注意到我在生活其它方面上
也看得到這個特質。
11:15
I lived生活 in Silicon Valley for seven years年份.
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我在矽谷住了七年。
11:18
And I worked工作 for the same相同
company公司, in Silicon Valley,
232
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4112
我都待在同一家公司,在矽谷!
11:22
for the whole整個 time.
233
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整段時間。
11:24
That is unheard聞所未聞 of.
234
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這簡直是前所未聞。
11:27
That's not how Silicon Valley works作品.
235
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矽谷不是這樣的。
11:28
The whole整個 point of Silicon Valley
is that people jump between之間 jobs工作
236
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矽谷的重點就是
大家在不同的公司跳來跳去,
11:32
to kind of mix混合 up the pot.
237
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好像大熔爐一樣。
11:35
And that's not the kind of person I am.
238
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但我不是那種人。
11:37
CACA: But during the actual實際
development發展 of LinuxLinux的 itself本身,
239
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克:但是在 Linux 本身
實際開發期間,
11:39
that stubbornness固執 sometimes有時 brought
you in conflict衝突 with other people.
240
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那種固執的態度
有時候會帶來人際間的衝突。
11:44
Talk about that a bit.
241
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跟我們談談這一點。
11:46
Was that essential必要 to sort分類 of maintain保持
the quality質量 of what was being存在 built內置?
242
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是不是一定要維持
做出來的東西的品質?
11:51
How would you describe描述 what happened發生?
243
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你會怎麼說那時的情況?
11:54
LTLT: I don't know if it's essential必要.
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林:我不知道
那是不是必要的。
11:57
Going back to the "I'm not
a people person," --
245
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回到我說我不善社交那部分,
12:00
sometimes有時 I'm also ...
246
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1788
有的時候我也……
12:04
shall we say,
247
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怎麼說呢,
12:05
"myopic近視的" when it comes
to other people's人們 feelings情懷,
248
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3420
在說到別人的感覺時,
我是「大近視」!
12:09
and that sometimes有時 makes品牌 you
say things that hurt傷害 other people.
249
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有時候會讓你說出傷人的話。
12:14
And I'm not proud驕傲 of that.
250
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我一點都不引以為豪。
12:18
(Applause掌聲)
251
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1114
(掌聲)
12:19
But, at the same相同 time, it's --
252
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但是同時,那是……
12:22
I get people who tell me
that I should be nice不錯.
253
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我碰到有人對我說
我應該更和藹一點。
12:26
And then when I try to explain說明 to them
that maybe you're nice不錯,
254
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我就會試著對他們解釋說
你們可能很和藹,
12:32
maybe you should be more aggressive侵略性,
255
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2254
但是你們其實應該更兇一點,
12:34
they see that as me being存在 not nice不錯.
256
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他們就咬著說我不和藹。
12:38
(Laughter笑聲)
257
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(笑聲)
12:40
What I'm trying to say
is we are different不同.
258
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2168
我想說的是我們都不一樣。
12:42
I'm not a people person;
259
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1810
我不善社交;
12:44
it's not something
I'm particularly尤其 proud驕傲 of,
260
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2106
這不是我特別引以為傲的事情,
12:46
but it's part部分 of me.
261
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1540
但是這就是我的一部分。
12:48
And one of the things
I really like about open打開 source資源
262
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2705
我真的很喜歡
開放原始碼的一件事,
12:50
is it really allows允許 different不同
people to work together一起.
263
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5792
就是它真的讓不同的人一同合作。
12:56
We don't have to like each other --
264
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1724
我們不必喜歡對方,
12:58
and sometimes有時 we really
don't like each other.
265
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2203
而且有的時候
我們真的不喜歡對方,
13:00
Really -- I mean, there are very,
very heated加熱 arguments參數.
266
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3487
我是說真的,
的確有很火爆的爭論發生。
13:04
But you can, actually其實,
you can find things that --
267
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2992
但是你真的,
你可以看到事情是
13:08
you don't even agree同意 to disagree不同意,
268
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2227
你甚至不用刻意同意
大家意見不同,
13:10
it's just that you're interested有興趣
in really different不同 things.
269
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3046
那真的只是
你對不同的事情有興趣。
13:13
And coming未來 back to the point
where I said earlier
270
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2903
回到我之前說的那一點,
13:16
that I was afraid害怕 of commercial廣告 people
taking服用 advantage優點 of your work,
271
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4293
我很怕生意人
占你的工作成果的便宜,
13:20
it turned轉身 out, and very
quickly很快 turned轉身 out,
272
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2599
結果,而且是很快
就看到的結果,
13:23
that those commercial廣告 people
were lovely可愛, lovely可愛 people.
273
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2966
那些生意人都是非常可愛的人。
13:26
And they did all the things that I was not
at all interested有興趣 in doing,
274
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3706
他們做所有我沒興趣做的事,
13:30
and they had completely全然 different不同 goals目標.
275
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2057
而且他們有完全不同的目標。
13:32
And they used open打開 source資源 in ways方法
that I just did not want to go.
276
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5323
而且他們就是以我不想用的方式
來用開放原始碼。
13:37
But because it was open打開
source資源 they could do it,
277
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2262
但是因為這是開放原始碼,
所以他們可以那麼做,
13:39
and it actually其實 works作品
really beautifully精美 together一起.
278
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2352
其實我們合作得很不錯。
13:42
And I actually其實 think
it works作品 the same相同 way.
279
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2024
我覺得這件事也一樣。
13:44
You need to have the people-people人的人,
the communicators傳播者,
280
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3205
你需要有善於交際的人,
能做溝通的人,
13:47
the warm and friendly友善 people
281
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1427
溫和友善的人,
13:49
who like --
282
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他們喜歡……
13:50
(Laughter笑聲)
283
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1442
(笑聲)
13:52
really want to hug擁抱 you
and get you into the community社區.
284
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真的想給你抱抱,
能讓你融入社群。
13:55
But that's not everybody每個人.
285
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1571
但是並非每個人都如此。
13:56
And that's not me.
286
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1432
我不是這種人。
13:58
I care關心 about the technology技術.
287
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1457
我關心科技;
13:59
There are people who care關心 about the UIUI.
288
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1881
有的人關心 UI (使用者介面)。
14:01
I can't do UIUI to save保存 my life.
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3070
我不會做 UI 來救自己一命。
14:04
I mean, if I was stranded擱淺 on an island
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3021
我是說,如果我被困在某個島上,
14:07
and the only way to get off that island
was the make a pretty漂亮 UIUI,
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3400
唯一能逃離那個島的方法
是做一個漂亮的 UI,
14:11
I'd die there.
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我會死在那裡。
14:12
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
14:13
So there's different不同 kinds of people,
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所以每個人都不一樣,
14:15
and I'm not making製造 excuses藉口,
I'm trying to explain說明.
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我不是在找藉口,
我只是試著解釋。
14:18
CACA: Now, when we talked last week,
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克:上星期我們聊的時候,
14:20
you talked about some
other trait特徵 that you have,
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2485
你談到你其它的特點,
14:22
which哪一個 I found發現 really interesting有趣.
298
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我覺得很有意思,
14:24
It's this idea理念 called taste味道.
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1383
就是這個「品味」的想法。
14:25
And I've just got a couple一對 of images圖片 here.
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2002
我這裡有幾張照片。
14:28
I think this is an example of not
particularly尤其 good taste味道 in code,
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4003
我想這是寫程式的品味
不太好的例子,
14:32
and this one is better taste味道,
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2991
這張的品味比較好,
14:35
which哪一個 one can immediately立即 see.
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你可以立刻發現。
14:37
What is the difference區別 between之間 these two?
304
865483
1973
這兩個有什麼不同?
14:40
LTLT: So this is --
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1182
林:所以這是——
14:41
How many許多 people here actually其實 have coded編碼?
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2677
這裡有多少人真的寫過程式?
14:45
CACA: Oh my goodness善良.
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1520
克:天啊!
14:47
LTLT: So I guarantee保證 you,
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1155
林:所以我向你保證,
14:48
everybody每個人 who raised上調 their hand,
309
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1545
每一位舉手的人,
14:49
they have doneDONE what's called
a singly-linked單鍊錶 list名單.
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2621
他們都做過 singly-linked list
(單向連結串列)。
14:52
And it's taught --
311
880608
2009
它教……
14:55
This, the first not very
good taste味道 approach途徑,
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3591
這個,第一張不太有品味的方法,
14:58
is basically基本上 how it's taught to be doneDONE
when you start開始 out coding編碼.
313
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4067
基本上就是你一開始
學寫程式時教的方法。
15:02
And you don't have to understand理解 the code.
314
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2044
你不用懂這個程式。
15:04
The most interesting有趣 part部分 to me
315
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2056
對我而言最有趣的部分
15:06
is the last if statement聲明.
316
894969
2189
是這個最後的 if 敘述
(if statement)。
15:10
Because what happens發生
in a singly-linked單鍊錶 list名單 --
317
898933
2260
因為在單向連結串列裡,
15:13
this is trying to remove去掉
an existing現有 entry條目 from a list名單 --
318
901217
3650
這裡是要試著從資料清單中
移除一筆現有的資料,
15:16
and there's a difference區別
between之間 if it's the first entry條目
319
904891
3842
這是第一筆資料
15:20
or whether是否 it's an entry條目 in the middle中間.
320
908757
1999
還是中間的資料
會有點不一樣。
15:22
Because if it's the first entry條目,
321
910780
1605
因為如果這是第一筆資料,
15:24
you have to change更改
the pointer指針 to the first entry條目.
322
912409
3016
你就必須把指標指向第一筆資料,
15:27
If it's in the middle中間,
323
915449
1198
如果資料在清單中間,
15:28
you have to change更改 the pointer指針
of a previous以前 entry條目.
324
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2421
你就必須把指標
指向該資料的前一筆資料。
15:31
So they're two completely全然 different不同 cases.
325
919116
2024
所以這是兩個完全不同的例子。
15:33
CACA: And that's better.
326
921164
1152
克:那樣比較好。
15:34
LTLT: And this is better.
327
922340
1181
林:這樣比較好。
15:35
It does not have the if statement聲明.
328
923940
2323
它沒有 if 敘述。
15:38
And it doesn't really matter --
329
926637
2213
這一點也不重要,
15:40
I don't want you understand理解
why it doesn't have the if statement聲明,
330
928874
3201
我不是要你瞭解
為什麼它沒有 if 敘述,
15:44
but I want you to understand理解
331
932099
1342
但我要你瞭解
15:45
that sometimes有時 you can see
a problem問題 in a different不同 way
332
933465
2625
有時候你可以用
不同的角度看問題,
15:48
and rewrite改寫 it so that
a special特別 case案件 goes away
333
936114
3354
並重寫它,
那麼例外就會消失,
15:51
and becomes the normal正常 case案件.
334
939492
1877
變成普通情況。
15:53
And that's good code.
335
941393
1539
那就是好的程式。
15:55
But this is simple簡單 code.
336
943328
1550
但這是簡單的程式。
15:56
This is CSCS 101.
337
944902
1349
是必修的程式設計入門。
15:58
This is not important重要 --
although雖然, details細節 are important重要.
338
946275
2856
這不重要,但是細節很重要。
16:01
To me, the sign標誌 of people
I really want to work with
339
949798
4078
對我而言,我真的很想
一同工作的人都有個現象,
16:05
is that they have good taste味道,
which哪一個 is how ...
340
953900
2673
就是他們有好的品味,
16:09
I sent發送 you this stupid example
341
957295
1597
我給你的這個例子很笨,
16:10
that is not relevant相應
because it's too small.
342
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2344
一點都不相干,因為太小了。
16:13
Good taste味道 is much bigger than this.
343
961743
2142
好的品味比這個大多了。
16:15
Good taste味道 is about really
seeing眼看 the big patterns模式
344
963909
4021
好的品味是
你真的會看到大的模式,
16:19
and kind of instinctively本能 knowing會心
what's the right way to do things.
345
967954
4458
而且好像有直覺
知道什麼是正確的方法。
16:24
CACA: OK, so we're putting
the pieces together一起 here now.
346
972436
2657
克:好,所以我們現在可以
拼湊出整體的樣子了。
16:27
You have taste味道,
347
975736
1467
你有品味,
16:30
in a way that's meaningful富有意義的
to software軟件 people.
348
978057
2337
而且這個品味
對寫軟體的人而言有意義。
16:32
You're --
349
980418
1151
你是……
16:33
(Laughter笑聲)
350
981593
1816
(笑聲)
16:35
LTLT: I think it was meaningful富有意義的
to some people here.
351
983433
2561
林:我想這對這裡的某些人有意義。
16:39
CACA: You're a very smart聰明 computer電腦 coder編碼器,
352
987967
2917
克:你是非常聰明的
電腦程式設計師,
16:42
and you're hellish地獄般 stubborn倔強.
353
990908
1697
而且你頑固的要命。
16:45
But there must必須 be something else其他.
354
993622
1586
但是一定還有什麼。
16:47
I mean, you've changed the future未來.
355
995232
1623
我是說,你改變了未來。
16:48
You must必須 have the ability能力
of these grand盛大 visions願景 of the future未來.
356
996879
2963
你一定有看到宏偉願景的能力。
16:51
You're a visionary空想家, right?
357
999866
1261
你是個有願景的人,對吧?
16:53
LTLT: I've actually其實 felt slightly
uncomfortable不舒服 at TEDTED
358
1001151
2591
林:我過去兩天
16:55
for the last two days,
359
1003766
2160
在 TED 大會其實有點不自在,
16:57
because there's a lot
of vision視力 going on, right?
360
1005950
2595
因為這裡有很多願景,對吧?
17:00
And I am not a visionary空想家.
361
1008569
1697
而我不是有願景的人。
17:02
I do not have a five-year五年 plan計劃.
362
1010290
2229
我沒有五年計畫。
17:04
I'm an engineer工程師.
363
1012543
1358
我是工程師。
17:05
And I think it's really --
364
1013925
1260
而且我覺得這真的──
17:07
I mean -- I'm perfectly完美
happy快樂 with all the people
365
1015209
2319
我是說,我對這些人
一點意見也沒有,
17:09
who are walking步行 around
and just staring凝視 at the clouds
366
1017552
2751
他們可以四海飄遊,看看雲,
17:12
and looking at the stars明星
and saying, "I want to go there."
367
1020327
2851
看看星星,然後說:
「我想去那裡。」
17:15
But I'm looking at the ground地面,
368
1023202
1452
但是我是看著地面的人,
17:16
and I want to fix固定 the pothole壺洞
that's right in front面前 of me
369
1024678
2855
而且我想把那個
就在我正前方的坑洞補好,
17:19
before I fall秋季 in.
370
1027557
1360
免得我跌倒。
17:20
This is the kind of person I am.
371
1028941
1619
我就是這種人。
17:22
(Cheers乾杯)
372
1030584
1111
(歡呼)
17:23
(Applause掌聲)
373
1031719
1312
(掌聲)
17:25
CACA: So you spoke to me last week
about these two guys.
374
1033055
3611
克:你兩個星期前
跟我談到這兩個傢伙。
17:29
Who are they and how
do you relate涉及 to them?
375
1037358
2435
他們是誰?
你跟他們有什麼關係?
17:32
LTLT: Well, so this is kind
of clich老生常談é in technology技術,
376
1040239
3602
林:嗯,這可以說是
科技界老掉牙的故事了,
17:35
the whole整個 Tesla特斯拉 versus Edison愛迪生,
377
1043865
2007
特斯拉對上愛迪生,
17:37
where Tesla特斯拉 is seen看到 as the visionary空想家
scientist科學家 and crazy idea理念 man.
378
1045896
4941
特斯拉被視為有願景的科學家
和有瘋狂想法的人。
17:42
And people love Tesla特斯拉.
379
1050861
2782
大家都愛特斯拉。
17:45
I mean, there are people who name名稱
their companies公司 after him.
380
1053667
2987
我是說,有人還用他的名字
命名自己的公司。
17:48
(Laughter笑聲)
381
1056678
1150
(笑聲)
17:51
The other person there is Edison愛迪生,
382
1059365
2612
另外一位是愛迪生,
17:54
who is actually其實 often經常 vilified詆毀
for being存在 kind of pedestrian行人
383
1062001
3507
他常被人貶低為那種平庸的路人甲,
17:57
and is --
384
1065532
1921
而且是──
17:59
I mean, his most famous著名 quote引用 is,
385
1067477
2722
我是說,他最膾炙人口的名言是:
18:02
"Genius天才 is one percent百分 inspiration靈感
and 99 percent百分 perspiration."
386
1070223
4714
「天才是百分之一的靈感
加上百分之九十九的汗水。」
18:07
And I'm in the Edison愛迪生 camp,
387
1075394
1453
我是站在愛迪生這一邊的,
18:08
even if people don't always like him.
388
1076871
2184
即使大家並不都喜歡他。
18:11
Because if you actually其實 compare比較 the two,
389
1079079
3019
因為如果你實際比較這兩位,
18:14
Tesla特斯拉 has kind of this mind心神
grab these days,
390
1082122
4533
特斯拉最近還挺夯的,
18:18
but who actually其實 changed the world世界?
391
1086679
1999
但是誰真的改變了世界?
18:21
Edison愛迪生 may可能 not have been a nice不錯 person,
392
1089853
3382
愛迪生或許不是一個和善的人,
18:25
he did a lot of things --
393
1093259
3132
他做了很多事,
18:28
he was maybe not so intellectual知識分子,
394
1096415
2429
他可能沒那麼聰明,
18:30
not so visionary空想家.
395
1098868
2227
也沒有看得那麼遠。
18:33
But I think I'm more
of an Edison愛迪生 than a Tesla特斯拉.
396
1101119
3661
但是我想我更像愛迪生,
而不是特斯拉。
18:37
CACA: So our theme主題 at TEDTED
this week is dreams --
397
1105669
2438
克:所以這個星期我們
TED 大會的主題是夢想,
18:40
big, bold膽大, audacious膽大 dreams.
398
1108131
1347
膽大無畏的夢想。
18:41
You're really the antidote解藥 to that.
399
1109502
1802
你真的是個反面教材。
18:43
LTLT: I'm trying to dial撥號 it down a bit, yes.
400
1111328
2109
林:我是想要往回拉一下,是的。
18:45
CACA: That's good.
401
1113461
1151
克:很好。
18:46
(Laughter笑聲)
402
1114636
1080
(笑聲)
18:47
We embrace擁抱 you, we embrace擁抱 you.
403
1115740
1605
我們接納你,我們接納你。
18:51
Companies公司 like Google谷歌 and many許多
others其他 have made製作, arguably按理說,
404
1119046
2749
像 Google 這樣的公司
還有其他的人都可以說
18:53
like, billions數十億 of dollars美元
out of your software軟件.
405
1121819
2206
靠你的軟體賺了幾十億元,
18:56
Does that piss小便 you off?
406
1124049
1151
這讓你生氣嗎?
18:57
LTLT: No.
407
1125224
1151
林:不會。
18:58
No, it doesn't piss小便 me off
for several一些 reasons原因.
408
1126399
2634
不會,我不生氣有幾個原因。
19:01
And one of them is, I'm doing fine.
409
1129057
2010
其中一個是,我過得還不錯。
19:03
I'm really doing fine.
410
1131091
1296
我真的過得挺好的。
19:04
But the other reason原因 is --
411
1132942
1584
但是另外一個原因是,
19:06
I mean, without doing the whole整個
open打開 source資源 and really letting出租 go thing,
412
1134550
5327
我是說,如果沒有做這個
開放原始碼而且沒有真的放手,
19:11
LinuxLinux的 would never have been what it is.
413
1139901
2226
Linux 不可能發展成今天的樣子。
19:14
And it's brought experiences經驗
I don't really enjoy請享用, public上市 talking,
414
1142151
5096
它的確也為我帶來
我不太喜歡的經驗,
像是公開演講,
19:19
but at the same相同 time,
this is an experience經驗.
415
1147271
2151
但同時,這也是一種經驗。
19:21
Trust相信 me.
416
1149446
1280
相信我。
19:23
So there's a lot of things going on
that make me a very happy快樂 man
417
1151238
5143
所以發生了很多事
讓我成為非常快樂的人,
19:28
and thinking思維 I did the right choices選擇.
418
1156405
2529
也讓我認為我做了正確的決定。
19:30
CACA: Is the open打開 source資源 idea理念 --
419
1158958
1912
克:這個開放原始碼想法
19:32
this is, I think we'll end結束 here --
420
1160894
1636
這是──我想我們該結束了──
19:34
is the open打開 source資源 idea理念
fully充分 realized實現 now in the world世界,
421
1162554
4054
現在全世界都完全瞭解
這個開放原始碼的想法了嗎?
19:38
or is there more that it could go,
422
1166632
3018
還是還有很多可以發展的?
19:41
are there more things that it could do?
423
1169674
2015
還有很多事可以做嗎?
19:44
LTLT: So, I'm of two minds頭腦 there.
424
1172738
2234
林:其實我不太確定。
19:46
I think one reason原因 open打開 source資源
works作品 so well in code
425
1174996
4486
我想開放原始碼
在程式開發上這麼成功,
19:51
is that at the end結束 of the day,
426
1179506
2409
其中一個原因是最終,
19:53
code tends趨向 to be somewhat有些 black黑色 and white白色.
427
1181939
3246
程式往往是黑白的。
19:57
There's often經常 a fairly相當 good way to decide決定,
428
1185209
4157
我們常常有還不錯的方法判斷
20:01
this is doneDONE correctly正確地
and this is not doneDONE well.
429
1189390
3946
這個做對了,那個不太好。
20:05
Code either works作品 or it doesn't,
430
1193360
2378
程式只有會動與不會動兩種,
20:07
which哪一個 means手段 that there's less
room房間 for arguments參數.
431
1195762
4608
這意味著沒有什麼空間爭論。
20:12
And we have arguments參數 despite儘管 this, right?
432
1200394
3631
儘管如此
我們還是有很多爭論,對吧?
20:16
In many許多 other areas --
433
1204049
1915
在其它很多地方,
20:17
I mean, people have talked about
open打開 politics政治 and things like that --
434
1205988
3741
我是說,大家在談論
開放政治或類似的東西,
20:21
and it's really hard sometimes有時 to say
435
1209753
2949
有時候真的很難說:
20:24
that, yes, you can apply應用 the same相同
principles原則 in some other areas
436
1212726
3757
是的,你可以運用相同的原則
在其它領域上,
20:28
just because the black黑色 and white白色
turns into not just gray灰色,
437
1216507
5439
因為黑與白不但會變成灰,
20:33
but different不同 colors顏色.
438
1221970
1603
還會變成其它不同的顏色。
20:36
So, obviously明顯 open打開 source資源 in science科學
is making製造 a comeback回來.
439
1224339
4366
看得出來開放資源的觀念
現在在科學界又流行起來。
20:40
Science科學 was there first.
440
1228729
1634
科學早就是那樣了。
20:42
But then science科學 ended結束 up
being存在 pretty漂亮 closed關閉,
441
1230387
2667
但是之後科學變的非常封閉,
20:45
with very expensive昂貴 journals期刊
and some of that going on.
442
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3624
還有非常貴的期刊
和一些有的沒的東西。
20:48
And open打開 source資源 is making製造
a comeback回來 in science科學,
443
1236726
3836
開放資源的觀念
在科學界又流行起來,
20:52
with things like arXiv的arXiv and open打開 journals期刊.
444
1240586
4147
現在有像是 arXiv 開放式論文網站
和其它開放式期刊。
20:59
Wikipedia維基百科 changed the world世界, too.
445
1247262
1953
維基百科也改變了世界。
21:01
So there are other examples例子,
446
1249239
1454
還有其它的例子,
21:02
I'm sure there are more to come.
447
1250717
1633
我確信以後還會出現更多。
21:05
CACA: But you're not a visionary空想家,
448
1253660
1567
克:但是你不是願景家,
21:07
and so it's not up to you to name名稱 them.
449
1255251
1953
所以這可不是由你來說的。
21:09
LTLT: No.
450
1257228
1159
林:沒錯。
21:10
(Laughter笑聲)
451
1258411
1048
(笑聲)
21:11
It's up to you guys to make them, right?
452
1259483
1964
這是你們這些人要創造的,對吧?
21:13
CACA: Exactly究竟.
453
1261471
1263
克:沒錯。
21:14
Linus萊納斯 Torvalds托瓦爾茲,
454
1262758
1158
林納斯·托瓦茲,
21:15
thank you for LinuxLinux的,
thank you for the Internet互聯網,
455
1263940
2245
謝謝你給了我們 Linux,
謝謝你給了我們網路,
21:18
thank you for all those AndroidAndroid的 phones手機.
456
1266209
1865
也謝謝你給了我們
Android 手機。
21:20
Thank you for coming未來 here to TEDTED
and revealing揭示 so much of yourself你自己.
457
1268098
3197
謝謝你蒞臨 TED
與我們開誠布公。
21:23
LTLT: Thank you.
458
1271319
1152
林:謝謝!
21:24
(Applause掌聲)
459
1272495
4440
(掌聲)
Translated by Regina Chu
Reviewed by Marssi Draw

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Linus Torvalds - Software engineer
In 1991, Linus Torvalds shared the Linux kernel with a few computer hobbyists. The operating system they built reshaped the software industry.

Why you should listen

Fascinated by the economy and elegance of experimental operating system Minix, computer scientist Linus Torvalds wrote an operating system kernel and shared it with independent programmers. The system that they fleshed out and released in 1994 -- Linux -- was remarkable not only for its utility and efficiency but also for the collaboration of its community.

Now enjoying mainstream respectability (and the support of the computer industry), Linux runs on the servers of Amazon, Google, and much of the wired world. As the sole arbiter of code for the Linux Foundation (which he characteristically downplays by saying “the only power I have is to say ‘no’”), Torvalds quietly inspires open-source projects worldwide.

More profile about the speaker
Linus Torvalds | Speaker | TED.com