TED2016
Linus Torvalds: The mind behind Linux
Linus Torvalds: A mente detrás de Linux
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Linus Torvalds transformou a tecnoloxía dúas veces: primeiro, co núcleo de Linux, que axuda a soster Internet, e despois co Git, o sistema de xestión de código fonte usado por programadores en todo o mundo. Nunha rara entrevista co comisario do TED, Chris Anderson, Torvalds discute, cunha franqueza extraordinaria, os trazos de personalidade que impulsan a súa singular filosofía de traballo, enxeñaría e vida. "Non son un visionario, son un enxeñeiro" di Torvalds. "Alégrome moito polas persoas que pasean mirando para as nubes... pero eu miro para o chan e quero arranxar as fochas que teño en fronte de min, antes de caer nelas."
Linus Torvalds - Software engineer
In 1991, Linus Torvalds shared the Linux kernel with a few computer hobbyists. The operating system they built reshaped the software industry. Full bio
In 1991, Linus Torvalds shared the Linux kernel with a few computer hobbyists. The operating system they built reshaped the software industry. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
Chris Anderson: Isto é raro.
00:13
Chris Anderson: This is such
a strange thing.
a strange thing.
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O teu software, Linux, está
en millóns de ordenadores,
en millóns de ordenadores,
00:15
Your software, Linux,
is in millions of computers,
is in millions of computers,
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00:18
it probably powers much of the Internet.
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e probablemente sostén
unha boa parte de Internet.
unha boa parte de Internet.
00:22
And I think that there are, like,
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E creo que hai como
00:24
a billion and a half active
Android devices out there.
Android devices out there.
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un millón e medio de dispositivos
Android activos por aí.
Android activos por aí.
00:27
Your software is in every
single one of them.
single one of them.
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O teu software está en cada un deles.
É abraiante.
00:30
It's kind of amazing.
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Debes ter unha central de software
impresionante dirixindo isto.
impresionante dirixindo isto.
00:31
You must have some amazing
software headquarters driving all this.
software headquarters driving all this.
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00:37
That's what I thought -- and I was shocked
when I saw a picture of it.
when I saw a picture of it.
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Iso é o que pensei. E quedei perplexo
cando vin unha foto.
cando vin unha foto.
Quero dicir, isto é...
00:40
I mean, this is --
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00:41
this is the Linux world headquarters.
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isto é a sede central do mundo Linux.
00:43
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
00:45
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
Linus Torvalds: Realmente,
non parece gran cousa.
non parece gran cousa.
00:49
Linus Torvalds: It really
doesn't look like much.
doesn't look like much.
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00:52
And I have to say,
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E teño que dicir,
00:53
the most interesting part in this picture,
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a parte máis interesante da foto,
00:57
that people mostly react to,
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a que provoca máis reaccións
é o escritorio coa cinta de camiñar.
00:59
is the walking desk.
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01:00
It is the most interesting
part in my office
part in my office
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É a parte máis interesante da miña oficina
01:03
and I'm not actually using it anymore.
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e, en realidade, xa non a uso.
01:05
And I think the two things are related.
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Penso que as dúas cousas
están relacionadas.
están relacionadas.
01:09
The way I work is ...
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A forma en que traballo é...
01:13
I want to not have external stimulation.
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Eu non quero ter estímulos externos.
01:18
You can kind of see,
on the walls are this light green.
on the walls are this light green.
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Podedes velo,
as paredes son de cor verde clara.
as paredes son de cor verde clara.
01:23
I'm told that at mental institutions
they use that on the walls.
they use that on the walls.
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Dixéronme que a usan nas paredes
das clínicas de saúde mental.
das clínicas de saúde mental.
01:27
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
É unha cor calmante,
01:29
It's like a calming color,
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01:30
it's not something
that really stimulates you.
that really stimulates you.
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non é algo que te estimula.
O que non podes ver é o ordenador,
só vemos a pantalla,
só vemos a pantalla,
01:35
What you can't see is the computer here,
you only see the screen,
you only see the screen,
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01:39
but the main thing I worry
about in my computer is --
about in my computer is --
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pero o que máis me interesa
do meu ordenador é
do meu ordenador é
01:42
it doesn't have to be big
and powerful, although I like that --
and powerful, although I like that --
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--non ten que ser grande e potente,
aínda que me gusta iso--
aínda que me gusta iso--
01:46
it really has to be completely silent.
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ten que ser completamente silencioso.
Coñezo persoas que traballan para Google
01:49
I know people who work for Google
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01:52
and they have their own
small data center at home,
small data center at home,
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e teñen unha pequena
central de datos na casa,
central de datos na casa,
eu non fago iso.
01:55
and I don't do that.
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A miña oficina é a máis
aburrida que podedes imaxinar.
aburrida que podedes imaxinar.
01:56
My office is the most
boring office you'll ever see.
boring office you'll ever see.
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02:00
And I sit there alone in the quiet.
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Sento alí só en silencio.
Se o gato aparece,
02:04
If the cat comes up,
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02:06
it sits in my lap.
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senta no meu colo.
02:08
And I want to hear the cat purring,
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E quero oír o gato ronronar,
02:10
not the sound of the fans in the computer.
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non o son dos ventiladores do ordenador.
02:13
CA: So this is astonishing,
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CA: Isto é asombroso,
02:14
because working this way,
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porque traballando así
02:17
you're able to run this vast
technology empire --
technology empire --
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es capaz de xestionar este
grande imperio tecnolóxico,
grande imperio tecnolóxico,
02:20
it is an empire --
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é un imperio.
É un testemuño abraiante
do poder do código aberto.
do poder do código aberto.
02:21
so that's an amazing testament
to the power of open source.
to the power of open source.
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02:25
Tell us how you got
to understand open source
to understand open source
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Dinos como chegaches a
pensar no código aberto
pensar no código aberto
02:29
and how it lead
to the development of Linux.
to the development of Linux.
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e como iso levou ao
desenvolvemento de Linux.
desenvolvemento de Linux.
LT: Eu aínda traballo só.
02:33
LT: I mean, I still work alone.
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02:35
Really -- I work alone in my house,
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Realmente, eu traballo só na miña casa,
02:38
often in my bathrobe.
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a miúdo en bata.
02:40
When a photographer shows up, I dress up,
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Cando aparece un fotógrafo, vístome
02:42
so I have clothes on.
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e levo roupa posta.
02:43
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
E así é como traballei sempre.
02:45
And that's how I've always worked.
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02:47
I mean, this was how I started Linux, too.
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É dicir, así tamén é como iniciei Linux.
02:49
I did not start Linux
as a collaborative project.
as a collaborative project.
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Non iniciei Linux
como un proxecto colaborativo.
como un proxecto colaborativo.
02:53
I started it as one
in a series of many projects
in a series of many projects
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Inicieino como un entre varios proxectos
02:57
I had done at the time for myself,
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que fixen no seu momento para min mesmo.
En parte, porque precisaba o resultado
03:01
partly because I needed the end result,
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pero aínda máis porque
o pasaba ben programando.
o pasaba ben programando.
03:03
but even more because I just
enjoyed programming.
enjoyed programming.
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03:06
So it was about the end of the journey,
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Así que tiña que ver coa fin da viaxe
03:10
which, 25 years later,
we still have not reached.
we still have not reached.
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que, 25 anos máis tarde,
aínda non atinximos.
aínda non atinximos.
03:13
But it was really about the fact
that I was looking for a project on my own
that I was looking for a project on my own
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Pero, realmente, o feito é que
buscaba un proxecto pola miña conta
buscaba un proxecto pola miña conta
03:17
and there was no open source,
really, on my radar at all.
really, on my radar at all.
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e non había ningún código
aberto no meu radar.
aberto no meu radar.
03:21
And what happened is ...
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E o que ocorreu é...
03:24
the project grows and becomes something
you want to show off to people.
you want to show off to people.
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o proxecto medrou e chegou a ser algo
que ti queres mostrarlle á xente.
que ti queres mostrarlle á xente.
03:30
Really, this is more of a, "Wow,
look at what I did!"
look at what I did!"
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Realmente, isto é algo do tipo "Uau,
mira o que fixen!"
mira o que fixen!"
03:34
And trust me -- it was not
that great back then.
that great back then.
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E creme, non era tan estupendo daquela.
Eu fíxeno público
03:38
I made it publicly available,
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pero daquela aínda non era código aberto.
03:40
and it wasn't even
open source at that point.
open source at that point.
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Nese momento, era código que estaba
aberto pero sen intención
aberto pero sen intención
03:42
At that point it was source that was open,
but there was no intention
but there was no intention
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03:47
behind using the kind of open-source
methodology that we think of today
methodology that we think of today
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de usar o tipo de metodoloxía
de código aberto en que pensamos hoxe
de código aberto en que pensamos hoxe
para melloralo.
03:52
to improve it.
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Era máis do tipo:
03:53
It was more like,
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"Mirade, estiven traballando nisto
durante medio ano,
durante medio ano,
03:54
"Look, I've been working
on this for half a year,
on this for half a year,
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gustaríame que o comentásedes."
03:58
I'd love to have comments."
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E houbo xente que se achegou a min.
04:00
And other people approached me.
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04:03
At the University of Helsinki,
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Na Universidade de Helsinki,
04:04
I had a friend who was one
of the open source --
of the open source --
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tiña un amigo que era un dos
do código aberto.
do código aberto.
04:08
it was called mainly
"free software" back then --
"free software" back then --
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Daquela, chamábase principalmente
"software libre".
"software libre".
04:12
and he actually introduced me
to the notion that, hey,
to the notion that, hey,
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De feito, foi el quen me
suxeriu a idea de "Ei,
suxeriu a idea de "Ei,
04:16
you can use these open-source
licenses that had been around.
licenses that had been around.
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podes usar estas licenzas
de código aberto que andan por aí".
de código aberto que andan por aí".
04:24
And I thought about it for a while.
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E estíveno pensando.
04:26
I was actually worried about the whole
commercial interests coming in.
commercial interests coming in.
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Eu estaba preocupado de verdade
sobre os intereses comerciais.
sobre os intereses comerciais.
04:29
I mean, that's one of the worries
I think most people who start out have,
I think most people who start out have,
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Quero dicir, esa é unha das preocupacións
que penso que a maioría da xente ten,
que penso que a maioría da xente ten,
04:34
is that they worry about somebody
taking advantage of their work, right?
taking advantage of their work, right?
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a preocupación de que alguén
saque partido do seu traballo, non?
saque partido do seu traballo, non?
04:39
And I decided, "What the hell?"
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E decidín: "Que diaños?"
04:43
And --
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E...
04:44
CA: And then at some point,
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CA: E nun momento dado,
04:46
someone contributed
some code that you thought,
some code that you thought,
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alguén achegou algún código e pensaches:
04:48
"Wow, that really is interesting,
I would not have thought of that.
I would not have thought of that.
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"Uau, isto é moi interesante,
a min non se me ocorrería.
a min non se me ocorrería.
Pode ser unha mellora."
04:51
This could actually improve this."
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LT: Nin sequera comezou cando
a xente achegou código,
a xente achegou código,
04:53
LT: It didn't even start
by people contributing code,
by people contributing code,
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04:56
it was more that people
started contributing ideas.
started contributing ideas.
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foi máis ben cando a xente
comezou a achegar ideas.
comezou a achegar ideas.
E o feito de que alguén
lle bote un ollo ao teu proxecto
lle bote un ollo ao teu proxecto
04:59
And just the fact that somebody else
takes a look at your project --
takes a look at your project --
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05:03
and I'm sure it's true
of other things, too,
of other things, too,
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--estou seguro de que tamén
é así noutras cousas,
é así noutras cousas,
05:05
but it's definitely true in code --
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pero sen dúbida éo no código--
05:07
is that somebody else
takes an interest in your code,
takes an interest in your code,
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significa que alguén máis
ten interese no teu código,
ten interese no teu código,
05:10
looks at it enough to actually
give you feedback
give you feedback
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mírao abondo como para facer observacións
05:13
and give you ideas.
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e achegar ideas.
05:15
That was a huge thing for me.
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E iso resultoume impresionante.
05:17
I was 21 at the time, so I was young,
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Eu tiña 21 anos, así que era novo
05:20
but I had already programmed
for half my life, basically.
for half my life, basically.
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pero xa levaba programando
a metade da miña vida.
a metade da miña vida.
05:24
And every project before that
had been completely personal
had been completely personal
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E todos os proxectos antes diso
foran completamente persoais
foran completamente persoais
05:28
and it was a revelation when people
just started commenting,
just started commenting,
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e foi unha revelación que a xente
comezase a comentar
comezase a comentar
05:31
started giving feedback on your code.
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e a facerme observacións sobre o código.
05:34
And even before they started
giving code back,
giving code back,
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E mesmo antes de que comezaran
a enviar código de volta,
a enviar código de volta,
05:38
that was, I think, one of the big
moments where I said,
moments where I said,
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ese foi, penso, un dos grandes
momentos en que dixen:
momentos en que dixen:
05:41
"I love other people!"
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"Encántanme as persoas!"
05:43
Don't get me wrong --
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Non me entendades mal,
05:44
I'm actually not a people person.
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en realidade, non son sociable.
05:46
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
05:49
I don't really love other people --
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A verdade é que non
me encantan as persoas.
me encantan as persoas.
05:52
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
05:53
But I love computers,
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Pero encántanme os ordenadores,
05:54
I love interacting with other
people on email,
people on email,
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encántame interactuar
por correo electrónico,
por correo electrónico,
05:57
because it kind of gives you that buffer.
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porque che dá unha especie de protección.
06:00
But I do love other people who comment
and get involved in my project.
and get involved in my project.
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Pero tamén me encanta que a xente
comente e se involucre no meu proxecto.
comente e se involucre no meu proxecto.
06:06
And it made it so much more.
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E iso fíxose moito máis grande.
06:09
CA: So was there a moment
when you saw what was being built
when you saw what was being built
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CA: Houbo un momento,
cando viches que todo o construido
cando viches que todo o construido
06:12
and it suddenly started taking off,
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de súpeto empezaba a despegar,
06:14
and you thought, "Wait a sec,
this actually could be something huge,
this actually could be something huge,
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en que pensaches: "Espera,
isto pode ser algo moi grande,
isto pode ser algo moi grande,
non só un proxecto persoal no
que recibo interesantes observacións
que recibo interesantes observacións
06:17
not just a personal project
that I'm getting nice feedback on,
that I'm getting nice feedback on,
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senón unha especie de desenvolvemento
explosivo no mundo da tecnoloxía?
explosivo no mundo da tecnoloxía?
06:20
but a kind of explosive development
in the whole technology world"?
in the whole technology world"?
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LT: A verdade é que non.
06:25
LT: Not really.
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É dicir, o importante para min non foi
cando se converteu en algo enorme,
cando se converteu en algo enorme,
06:27
I mean, the big point for me, really,
was not when it was becoming huge,
was not when it was becoming huge,
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06:30
it was when it was becoming little.
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foi cando se converteu en algo pequeno.
O importante para min foi non estar só,
06:33
The big point for me was not being alone
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06:37
and having 10, maybe 100
people being involved --
people being involved --
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foi ter 10, quizais 100 persoas
involucradas.
involucradas.
06:40
that was a big point.
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Iso foi algo grande.
06:42
Then everything else was very gradual.
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Todo o resto foi gradual.
06:45
Going from 100 people to a million people
is not a big deal -- to me.
is not a big deal -- to me.
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Pasar de 100 persoas a un millón
non é gran cousa, para min.
non é gran cousa, para min.
06:49
Well, I mean, maybe it is if you're --
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Ben, quero dicir, quizais o sexa se es...
06:51
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
se o que queres é vender os resultados
entón é un gran negocio,
entón é un gran negocio,
06:52
If you want to sell your result
then it's a huge deal --
then it's a huge deal --
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06:55
don't get me wrong.
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non me entendades mal.
06:56
But if you're interested in the technology
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Pero se estás interesado na tecnoloxía
e estás interesado no proxecto,
06:58
and you're interested in the project,
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a parte importante é chegar á comunidade.
07:00
the big part was getting the community.
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Despois, a comunidade medrou gradualmente
07:02
Then the community grew gradually.
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07:04
And there's actually not
a single point where I went like,
a single point where I went like,
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e non houbo un momento concreto
en que eu dixese:
en que eu dixese:
"Uau, isto acaba de despegar!" porque
07:08
"Wow, that just took off!" because it --
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07:10
I mean -- it took a long time, relatively.
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lle levou bastante tempo, relativamente.
07:13
CA: So all the technologists
that I talk to really credit you
that I talk to really credit you
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CA: Todos os técnicos cos que falo
atribúenche os méritos
atribúenche os méritos
07:16
with massively changing their work.
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de mudar drasticamente o seu traballo.
07:19
And it's not just Linux,
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E non é só por Linux,
07:21
it's this thing called Git,
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tamén é por iso chamado Git,
07:22
which is this management system
for software development.
for software development.
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que é un sistema de xestión para
o desenvolvemento de software.
o desenvolvemento de software.
07:26
Tell us briefly about that
and your role in that.
and your role in that.
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Fálanos brevemente diso e do teu papel.
LT: Un dos problemas que tiñamos,
07:30
LT: So one of the issues we had,
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07:32
and this took a while to start to appear,
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que tardou un tempo en aparecer,
07:35
is when you ...
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é cando ti...
Cando medras desde 10 persoas
ou 100 traballando nun proxecto
ou 100 traballando nun proxecto
07:37
When you grow from having 10 people
or 100 people working on a project
or 100 people working on a project
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07:43
to having 10,000 people, which --
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ata 10 000 persoas,
07:45
I mean, right now we're in the situation
where just on the kernel,
where just on the kernel,
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é dicir, agora mesmo estamos
nunha situación onde só no núcleo
nunha situación onde só no núcleo
07:48
we have 1,000 people involved
in every single release
in every single release
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hai 1 000 persoas involucradas
en cada lanzamento
en cada lanzamento
07:52
and that's every two months,
roughly two or three months.
roughly two or three months.
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e iso ocorre cada 2 meses,
uns 2 ou 3 meses.
uns 2 ou 3 meses.
Algunhas desas persoas non fan moito.
07:56
Some of those people don't do a lot.
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07:58
There's a lot of people
who make small, small changes.
who make small, small changes.
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Hai moita xente que fai
cambios moi pequenos.
cambios moi pequenos.
08:01
But to maintain this,
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Pero para manter isto,
08:03
the scale changes how
you have to maintain it.
you have to maintain it.
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a escala cambia o xeito de mantelo.
08:06
And we went through a lot of pain.
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E pasámolo moi mal.
Hai proxectos enteiros que só
fan código de mantemento.
fan código de mantemento.
08:10
And there are whole projects
that do only source-code maintenance.
that do only source-code maintenance.
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08:17
CVS is the one that used to be
the most commonly used,
the most commonly used,
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O CVS adoitaba ser un dos máis usados,
08:20
and I hated CVS with a passion
and refused to touch it
and refused to touch it
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e eu odiaba o CVS apaixonadamente
e rexeitei tocalo,
e rexeitei tocalo,
08:24
and tried something else
that was radical and interesting
that was radical and interesting
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intentei outra cousa que era
radical e interesante
radical e interesante
08:27
and everybody else hated.
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e o resto da xente odiouna.
08:31
CA: (Laughs)
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CA: (Risos)
08:32
LT: And we were in this bad spot,
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LT: E estabamos nun mal momento,
08:34
where we had thousands of people
who wanted to participate,
who wanted to participate,
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con miles de persoas
que querían participar
que querían participar
08:37
but in many ways,
I was the kind of break point,
I was the kind of break point,
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pero de moitos xeitos
eu era o punto de equilibrio
eu era o punto de equilibrio
08:42
where I could not scale to the point
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e non podía multiplicarme
08:44
where I could work
with thousands of people.
with thousands of people.
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para poder traballar con miles de persoas.
08:47
So Git is my second big project,
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Así que Git é o meu segundo gran proxecto,
08:50
which was only created for me
to maintain my first big project.
to maintain my first big project.
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que creei só para manter
o meu primeiro gran proxecto.
o meu primeiro gran proxecto.
E así, literalmente, é como traballo.
08:55
And this is literally how I work.
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08:57
I don't code for --
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Non programo para,
09:00
well, I do code for fun --
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ben, eu programo por diversión,
09:01
but I want to code
for something meaningful
for something meaningful
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pero quero programar
para algo que teña sentido
para algo que teña sentido
09:04
so every single project I've ever done
has been something I needed
has been something I needed
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así que cada proxecto que fixen
tiña que ver con algo que eu precisaba
tiña que ver con algo que eu precisaba
09:08
and --
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e...
09:09
CA: So really, both Linux
and Git kind of arose
and Git kind of arose
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CA: Así que, en realidade, tanto
Linux como Git xurdiron
Linux como Git xurdiron
09:13
almost as an unintended consequence
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case como unha consecuencia involuntaria
09:15
of your desire not to have
to work with too many people.
to work with too many people.
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do desexo de non traballar con xente.
LT: Totalmente. Si.
09:18
LT: Absolutely. Yes.
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09:19
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
09:20
CA: That's amazing.
LT: Yeah.
LT: Yeah.
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CA: É abraiante.
LT: Si.
LT: Si.
09:22
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
E aínda así, es a persoa
que transformou a tecnoloxía
que transformou a tecnoloxía
09:23
And yet, you're the man
who's transformed technology
who's transformed technology
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09:27
not just once but twice,
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non só unha vez senón dúas,
09:28
and we have to try
and understand why it is.
and understand why it is.
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e queremos intentar entender por que.
09:31
You've given us some clues, but ...
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Déchesnos algunhas pistas, pero...
09:32
Here's a picture of you as a kid,
with a Rubik's Cube.
with a Rubik's Cube.
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Aquí hai unha foto túa de neno
cun cubo de Rubik.
cun cubo de Rubik.
09:37
You mentioned that you've been
programming since you were like 10 or 11,
programming since you were like 10 or 11,
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Mencionaches que estiveches programando
desde que tiñas 10 ou 11 anos,
desde que tiñas 10 ou 11 anos,
09:41
half your life.
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a metade da túa vida.
09:43
Were you this sort of computer
genius, you know, übernerd,
genius, you know, übernerd,
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Eras unha especie de xenio
dos ordenadores, un cerebriño?
dos ordenadores, un cerebriño?
a estrela da escola
capaz de facer calquera cousa?
capaz de facer calquera cousa?
09:46
were you the star at school
who could do everything?
who could do everything?
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Como eras de pequeno?
09:49
What were you like as a kid?
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1532
09:52
LT: Yeah, I think I was
the prototypical nerd.
the prototypical nerd.
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LT: Si, penso que era
o "nerd" prototípico.
o "nerd" prototípico.
09:54
I mean, I was ...
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É dicir, era...
Non era sociable daquela.
09:57
I was not a people person back then.
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09:59
That's my younger brother.
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2580
Este é o meu irmán pequeno.
10:01
I was clearly more interested
in the Rubik's Cube
in the Rubik's Cube
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Eu estaba claramente
máis interesado no cubo de Rubik
máis interesado no cubo de Rubik
10:04
than my younger brother.
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que no meu irmán pequeno.
10:06
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
A miña irmá pequena, que non está na foto,
10:07
My younger sister,
who's not in the picture,
who's not in the picture,
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3120
10:10
when we had family meetings --
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2414
cando tiñamos reunións familiares,
10:12
and it's not a huge family, but I have,
like, a couple of cousins --
like, a couple of cousins --
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3792
e non é unha familia grande
pero teño un par de primos,
pero teño un par de primos,
10:16
she would prep me beforehand.
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2864
ela preparábame con antelación.
10:19
Like, before I stepped
into the room she would say,
into the room she would say,
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2566
Antes de que entrara na sala, ela dicía:
"Ben. É así e así..."
10:22
"OK. That's so-and-so ..."
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2543
10:25
Because I was not --
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2329
Porque eu non era...
10:28
I was a geek.
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1215
Eu era un "geek".
10:29
I was into computers,
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1166
Andaba con ordenadores,
10:30
I was into math,
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618707
1159
andaba coas matemáticas,
10:31
I was into physics.
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619890
1151
andaba coa física.
10:33
I was good at that.
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621065
1151
Dábanseme ben.
10:34
I don't think I was
particularly exceptional.
particularly exceptional.
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2786
Non creo que fora algo excepcional.
10:37
Apparently, my sister said
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2391
Polo visto, a miña irmá dixo
10:39
that my biggest exceptional quality
was that I would not let go.
was that I would not let go.
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6851
que a miña calidade máis excepcional
era a de non renderme.
era a de non renderme.
10:47
CA: OK, so let's go there,
because that's interesting.
because that's interesting.
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635618
2557
CA: Ben, imos aí porque é interesante.
Ti non te rendes.
10:50
You would not let go.
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1174
10:51
So that's not about being
a geek and being smart,
a geek and being smart,
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639397
2865
Así que non ten que ver
con ser un "geek" e ser intelixente,
con ser un "geek" e ser intelixente,
10:54
that's about being ... stubborn?
224
642286
3105
vai de ser... teimudo?
10:57
LT: That's about being stubborn.
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645415
1527
LT: Vai de ser teimudo.
Vai de...
10:58
That's about, like,
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1388
simplemente, comezar algo
11:01
just starting something
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2200
11:03
and not saying, "OK, I'm done,
let's do something else --
let's do something else --
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651317
5450
e non dicir: "Vale, déixoo,
imos facer outra cousa...
imos facer outra cousa...
Mira, unha mosca!"
11:08
Look: shiny!"
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1187
E véxoo en moitas outras
partes da miña vida, tamén.
partes da miña vida, tamén.
11:10
And I notice that in many
other parts in my life, too.
other parts in my life, too.
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3381
Vivín en Silicon Valley durante 7 anos.
11:15
I lived in Silicon Valley for seven years.
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3250
11:18
And I worked for the same
company, in Silicon Valley,
company, in Silicon Valley,
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4112
E traballei para a mesma compañía,
en Silicon Valley
en Silicon Valley
11:22
for the whole time.
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1714
durante todo ese tempo.
11:24
That is unheard of.
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1538
Iso é inaudito.
Silicon Valley non funciona así.
11:27
That's not how Silicon Valley works.
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675204
1767
11:28
The whole point of Silicon Valley
is that people jump between jobs
is that people jump between jobs
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3579
O punto de Silicon Valley
é que a xente salta de traballo
é que a xente salta de traballo
para vivir experiencias diferentes.
11:32
to kind of mix up the pot.
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680598
2627
11:35
And that's not the kind of person I am.
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1880
E eu non son ese tipo de persoa.
11:37
CA: But during the actual
development of Linux itself,
development of Linux itself,
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685153
2571
CA: Pero durante o
desenvolvemento de Linux,
desenvolvemento de Linux,
11:39
that stubbornness sometimes brought
you in conflict with other people.
you in conflict with other people.
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687748
4296
esa teimosía, ás veces, levoute
ao conflito con outra xente.
ao conflito con outra xente.
11:44
Talk about that a bit.
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1654
Fálanos diso un pouco.
11:46
Was that essential to sort of maintain
the quality of what was being built?
the quality of what was being built?
242
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5544
Era esencial para manter a
calidade do que se estaba a construír?
calidade do que se estaba a construír?
11:51
How would you describe what happened?
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2165
Como describirías o que ocorreu?
11:54
LT: I don't know if it's essential.
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2083
LT: Non sei se é esencial.
Volvendo ao de "non son
unha persoa sociable",
unha persoa sociable",
11:57
Going back to the "I'm not
a people person," --
a people person," --
245
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3145
12:00
sometimes I'm also ...
246
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1788
ás veces, tamén son...,
como diriamos,
12:04
shall we say,
247
712100
1533
12:05
"myopic" when it comes
to other people's feelings,
to other people's feelings,
248
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3420
"miope" no que se refire
aos sentimentos doutras persoas.
aos sentimentos doutras persoas.
12:09
and that sometimes makes you
say things that hurt other people.
say things that hurt other people.
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5278
e iso, ás veces, faiche dicir
cousas que as feren.
cousas que as feren.
12:14
And I'm not proud of that.
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3768
E non estou orgulloso diso
(Aplausos)
12:18
(Applause)
251
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1114
pero, ao mesmo tempo, é...
12:19
But, at the same time, it's --
252
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1798
Hai xente que me di
que debería ser agradable.
que debería ser agradable.
12:22
I get people who tell me
that I should be nice.
that I should be nice.
253
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3076
12:26
And then when I try to explain to them
that maybe you're nice,
that maybe you're nice,
254
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5668
E cando intento explicarlles que
quizais ti es agradable pero
quizais ti es agradable pero
12:32
maybe you should be more aggressive,
255
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2254
quizais deberías ser máis agresivo,
12:34
they see that as me being not nice.
256
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3542
ven que non son agradable.
12:38
(Laughter)
257
746332
2110
(Risos)
O que intento dicir
é que somos diferentes.
é que somos diferentes.
12:40
What I'm trying to say
is we are different.
is we are different.
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2168
Non son unha persoa sociable;
12:42
I'm not a people person;
259
750658
1810
non é algo do que estea
particularmente orgulloso
particularmente orgulloso
12:44
it's not something
I'm particularly proud of,
I'm particularly proud of,
260
752492
2106
12:46
but it's part of me.
261
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1540
pero é parte de min.
12:48
And one of the things
I really like about open source
I really like about open source
262
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2705
E unha das cousas que
me gustan do código aberto
me gustan do código aberto
12:50
is it really allows different
people to work together.
people to work together.
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5792
é que permite que xente
distinta traballe xunta.
distinta traballe xunta.
Non temos que gustarnos
12:56
We don't have to like each other --
264
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1724
e, ás veces, realmente, non nos gustamos.
12:58
and sometimes we really
don't like each other.
don't like each other.
265
766479
2203
Quero dicir, hai
discusións moi moi acendidas.
discusións moi moi acendidas.
13:00
Really -- I mean, there are very,
very heated arguments.
very heated arguments.
266
768706
3487
13:04
But you can, actually,
you can find things that --
you can find things that --
267
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2992
E, de feito, podes atopar cousas en que
nin sequera estás de acordo
en estar en desacordo,
en estar en desacordo,
13:08
you don't even agree to disagree,
268
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2227
13:10
it's just that you're interested
in really different things.
in really different things.
269
778578
3046
é só que estás interesado
en cousas moi diferentes.
en cousas moi diferentes.
13:13
And coming back to the point
where I said earlier
where I said earlier
270
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2903
E volvendo ao punto onde dixen antes
13:16
that I was afraid of commercial people
taking advantage of your work,
taking advantage of your work,
271
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4293
que temía que persoas
con intereses comerciais
con intereses comerciais
se aproveitaran do meu traballo,
13:20
it turned out, and very
quickly turned out,
quickly turned out,
272
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2599
resultou, e demostrouse rapidamente,
13:23
that those commercial people
were lovely, lovely people.
were lovely, lovely people.
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2966
que esas persoas eran xente encantadora.
13:26
And they did all the things that I was not
at all interested in doing,
at all interested in doing,
274
794505
3706
E fixeron todas as cousas en que eu
non estaba nada interesado
non estaba nada interesado
13:30
and they had completely different goals.
275
798235
2057
e tiñan obxectivos totalmente diferentes.
13:32
And they used open source in ways
that I just did not want to go.
that I just did not want to go.
276
800316
5323
E usaron o código aberto
de xeitos que eu non o faría.
de xeitos que eu non o faría.
13:37
But because it was open
source they could do it,
source they could do it,
277
805663
2262
Pero podían facelo porque
era código aberto
era código aberto
13:39
and it actually works
really beautifully together.
really beautifully together.
278
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2352
e, en realidade, funcionou moi ben.
13:42
And I actually think
it works the same way.
it works the same way.
279
810325
2024
E penso que funciona do mesmo xeito.
13:44
You need to have the people-people,
the communicators,
the communicators,
280
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3205
Tes que ter xente sociable,
os comunicadores,
os comunicadores,
13:47
the warm and friendly people
281
815602
1427
a xente cálida e acolledora
13:49
who like --
282
817053
1722
que
13:50
(Laughter)
283
818799
1442
(risos)
13:52
really want to hug you
and get you into the community.
and get you into the community.
284
820265
3050
quere darche unha aperta
e incluírte na comunidade.
e incluírte na comunidade.
Pero non todo o mundo é así.
13:55
But that's not everybody.
285
823339
1571
13:56
And that's not me.
286
824934
1432
E eu non son así.
13:58
I care about the technology.
287
826390
1457
A min impórtame a tecnoloxía.
13:59
There are people who care about the UI.
288
827871
1881
Hai a quen lle importa
a interface de usuario [IU]
a interface de usuario [IU]
14:01
I can't do UI to save my life.
289
829776
3070
Eu non podo facer unha IU
nin para salvar a vida.
nin para salvar a vida.
14:04
I mean, if I was stranded on an island
290
832870
3021
Quero dicir, se estivese varado nunha illa
14:07
and the only way to get off that island
was the make a pretty UI,
was the make a pretty UI,
291
835915
3400
e a única maneira de saír dela
fose facer unha boa IU
fose facer unha boa IU
14:11
I'd die there.
292
839339
1163
morrería alí.
14:12
(Laughter)
293
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1151
(Risos)
Así que hai diferentes tipos de xente,
14:13
So there's different kinds of people,
294
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2139
14:15
and I'm not making excuses,
I'm trying to explain.
I'm trying to explain.
295
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2865
e non estou poñendo escusas,
Estou intentando explicarme.
Estou intentando explicarme.
14:18
CA: Now, when we talked last week,
296
846753
1666
CA: Cando falamos a semana pasada,
14:20
you talked about some
other trait that you have,
other trait that you have,
297
848443
2485
falaches dalgún outro trazo que tes
bastante interesante.
14:22
which I found really interesting.
298
850952
1591
Esa idea chamada gusto.
14:24
It's this idea called taste.
299
852567
1383
E teño un par de imaxes aquí.
14:25
And I've just got a couple of images here.
300
853974
2002
Seica, creo, este é un exemplo de
código de non bo gusto precisamente
código de non bo gusto precisamente
14:28
I think this is an example of not
particularly good taste in code,
particularly good taste in code,
301
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4003
14:32
and this one is better taste,
302
860381
2991
e este ten mellor gusto,
14:35
which one can immediately see.
303
863396
2063
o que se pode ver inmediatamente.
14:37
What is the difference between these two?
304
865483
1973
Cal é a diferenza entre estes dous?
14:40
LT: So this is --
305
868639
1182
LT: Isto é...
14:41
How many people here actually have coded?
306
869845
2677
Canta xente aquí programou?
CA: Oh, meu deus.
14:45
CA: Oh my goodness.
307
873671
1520
14:47
LT: So I guarantee you,
308
875215
1155
LT: Eu garántoche que
14:48
everybody who raised their hand,
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1545
todo o mundo que levantou a man,
14:49
they have done what's called
a singly-linked list.
a singly-linked list.
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2621
fixo o que se chama
unha lista ligada simple.
unha lista ligada simple.
14:52
And it's taught --
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880608
2009
E ensínase...
14:55
This, the first not very
good taste approach,
good taste approach,
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3591
Este, o primeiro enfoque
que non ten moi bo gusto
que non ten moi bo gusto
14:58
is basically how it's taught to be done
when you start out coding.
when you start out coding.
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é, basicamente, como se ensina a
facer cando comezas a programar.
facer cando comezas a programar.
15:02
And you don't have to understand the code.
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2044
E non tes que entender o código.
15:04
The most interesting part to me
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2056
A parte máis interesante para min
15:06
is the last if statement.
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2189
é a última condición if.
Porque o que ocorre nunha
lista ligada simple,
lista ligada simple,
15:10
Because what happens
in a singly-linked list --
in a singly-linked list --
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2260
15:13
this is trying to remove
an existing entry from a list --
an existing entry from a list --
318
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3650
isto é, ao eliminar un elemento
existente dunha lista e...
existente dunha lista e...
15:16
and there's a difference
between if it's the first entry
between if it's the first entry
319
904891
3842
Hai unha diferenza dependendo
de se é o primeiro elemento
de se é o primeiro elemento
15:20
or whether it's an entry in the middle.
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908757
1999
ou se é un elemento da metade.
15:22
Because if it's the first entry,
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1605
Porque se é o primeiro elemento,
15:24
you have to change
the pointer to the first entry.
the pointer to the first entry.
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3016
tes que cambiar o punteiro
para o primeiro elemento.
para o primeiro elemento.
15:27
If it's in the middle,
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1198
Se está na metade,
15:28
you have to change the pointer
of a previous entry.
of a previous entry.
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2421
tes que cambiar o punteiro
dun elemento anterior.
dun elemento anterior.
15:31
So they're two completely different cases.
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2024
Así que son casos totalmente diferentes.
15:33
CA: And that's better.
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1152
CA: E ese é mellor.
15:34
LT: And this is better.
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1181
LT: E este é mellor.
15:35
It does not have the if statement.
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923940
2323
Non ten a condición if.
15:38
And it doesn't really matter --
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926637
2213
E, realmente, non importa.
15:40
I don't want you understand
why it doesn't have the if statement,
why it doesn't have the if statement,
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3201
Eu non quero que entendas
por que non ten a condición if,
por que non ten a condición if,
15:44
but I want you to understand
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1342
quero que entendas
15:45
that sometimes you can see
a problem in a different way
a problem in a different way
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2625
que, ás veces, podes ver
un problema doutra forma
un problema doutra forma
e reescribilo para que
desapareza un caso especial
desapareza un caso especial
15:48
and rewrite it so that
a special case goes away
a special case goes away
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3354
15:51
and becomes the normal case.
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1877
e se converta nun caso normal.
15:53
And that's good code.
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1539
E iso é bo código.
15:55
But this is simple code.
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1550
Pero é código simple.
15:56
This is CS 101.
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944902
1349
Este é CS 101.
15:58
This is not important --
although, details are important.
although, details are important.
338
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2856
Non é importante, aínda
que os detalles son importantes.
que os detalles son importantes.
16:01
To me, the sign of people
I really want to work with
I really want to work with
339
949798
4078
Para min, o que marca as persoas
coas que quero traballar
coas que quero traballar
16:05
is that they have good taste,
which is how ...
which is how ...
340
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2673
é que teñen bo gusto, que é como...
16:09
I sent you this stupid example
341
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1597
Envieiche este estúpido exemplo
16:10
that is not relevant
because it's too small.
because it's too small.
342
958916
2344
que é irrelevante porque é moi pequeno.
16:13
Good taste is much bigger than this.
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2142
O bo gusto é moito máis grande que isto.
16:15
Good taste is about really
seeing the big patterns
seeing the big patterns
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4021
O bo gusto trata de ver
realmente os grandes patróns
realmente os grandes patróns
16:19
and kind of instinctively knowing
what's the right way to do things.
what's the right way to do things.
345
967954
4458
e saber instintivamente
cal é a mellor forma de facer as cousas.
cal é a mellor forma de facer as cousas.
16:24
CA: OK, so we're putting
the pieces together here now.
the pieces together here now.
346
972436
2657
CA: Ben, estamos aquí xuntando as pezas.
16:27
You have taste,
347
975736
1467
Ti tes gusto,
dun xeito que ten sentido
para a xente do software.
para a xente do software.
16:30
in a way that's meaningful
to software people.
to software people.
348
978057
2337
16:32
You're --
349
980418
1151
Ti es...
16:33
(Laughter)
350
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1816
(Risos)
16:35
LT: I think it was meaningful
to some people here.
to some people here.
351
983433
2561
LT: Penso que tivo sentido
para algunha xente aquí.
para algunha xente aquí.
CA: Ti es un programador moi intelixente
16:39
CA: You're a very smart computer coder,
352
987967
2917
16:42
and you're hellish stubborn.
353
990908
1697
e es soberanamente teimudo.
Pero ten que haber algo máis.
16:45
But there must be something else.
354
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1586
Cambiaches o futuro.
16:47
I mean, you've changed the future.
355
995232
1623
Debes ter a capacidade
desas grandes visións do futuro.
desas grandes visións do futuro.
16:48
You must have the ability
of these grand visions of the future.
of these grand visions of the future.
356
996879
2963
Es un visionario, non si?
16:51
You're a visionary, right?
357
999866
1261
LT: En realidade, sentinme
un pouco incómodo no TED
un pouco incómodo no TED
16:53
LT: I've actually felt slightly
uncomfortable at TED
uncomfortable at TED
358
1001151
2591
16:55
for the last two days,
359
1003766
2160
estes últimos dous días
16:57
because there's a lot
of vision going on, right?
of vision going on, right?
360
1005950
2595
porque hai moita visión por aquí, non?
E eu non son un visionario.
17:00
And I am not a visionary.
361
1008569
1697
17:02
I do not have a five-year plan.
362
1010290
2229
Eu non teño un plan a 5 anos.
17:04
I'm an engineer.
363
1012543
1358
Son enxeñeiro.
17:05
And I think it's really --
364
1013925
1260
E penso que realmente é...
17:07
I mean -- I'm perfectly
happy with all the people
happy with all the people
365
1015209
2319
Alégrome moito polas persoas
17:09
who are walking around
and just staring at the clouds
and just staring at the clouds
366
1017552
2751
que pasean mirando para as nubes
17:12
and looking at the stars
and saying, "I want to go there."
and saying, "I want to go there."
367
1020327
2851
ollando as estrelas
e dicindo "Eu quero ir aí."
e dicindo "Eu quero ir aí."
17:15
But I'm looking at the ground,
368
1023202
1452
Pero eu miro para o chan
17:16
and I want to fix the pothole
that's right in front of me
that's right in front of me
369
1024678
2855
e quero arranxar a focha
que hai en fronte de min
que hai en fronte de min
17:19
before I fall in.
370
1027557
1360
antes de caer nela.
17:20
This is the kind of person I am.
371
1028941
1619
Este é o tipo de persoa que son.
17:22
(Cheers)
372
1030584
1111
(Aclamacións)
17:23
(Applause)
373
1031719
1312
(Aplausos)
17:25
CA: So you spoke to me last week
about these two guys.
about these two guys.
374
1033055
3611
CA: Faláchesme a semana pasada
deses dous tipos.
deses dous tipos.
17:29
Who are they and how
do you relate to them?
do you relate to them?
375
1037358
2435
Quen son e que relación tes con eles?
17:32
LT: Well, so this is kind
of cliché in technology,
of cliché in technology,
376
1040239
3602
LT: Ben, este é unha especie
de clixé na tecnoloxía,
de clixé na tecnoloxía,
17:35
the whole Tesla versus Edison,
377
1043865
2007
o tema Tesla contra Edison,
17:37
where Tesla is seen as the visionary
scientist and crazy idea man.
scientist and crazy idea man.
378
1045896
4941
onde Tesla sempre se ve como
o científico visionario e de ideas tolas.
o científico visionario e de ideas tolas.
17:42
And people love Tesla.
379
1050861
2782
A xente adora a Tesla.
17:45
I mean, there are people who name
their companies after him.
their companies after him.
380
1053667
2987
Hai xente que lle pon o
seu nome ás empresas.
seu nome ás empresas.
17:48
(Laughter)
381
1056678
1150
(Risos)
17:51
The other person there is Edison,
382
1059365
2612
A outra persoa é Edison,
17:54
who is actually often vilified
for being kind of pedestrian
for being kind of pedestrian
383
1062001
3507
que a miúdo é desprezado
por ser máis corrente
por ser máis corrente
17:57
and is --
384
1065532
1921
e é...
17:59
I mean, his most famous quote is,
385
1067477
2722
é dicir, a súa cita máis famosa é:
18:02
"Genius is one percent inspiration
and 99 percent perspiration."
and 99 percent perspiration."
386
1070223
4714
"O xenio é 1 % de inspiración
e 99 % de transpiración."
e 99 % de transpiración."
18:07
And I'm in the Edison camp,
387
1075394
1453
Eu estou do lado de Edison,
18:08
even if people don't always like him.
388
1076871
2184
mesmo se á xente non lle cae ben.
18:11
Because if you actually compare the two,
389
1079079
3019
Porque se os comparas,
18:14
Tesla has kind of this mind
grab these days,
grab these days,
390
1082122
4533
Tesla ten unha mente
que atrae nestes tempos,
que atrae nestes tempos,
18:18
but who actually changed the world?
391
1086679
1999
pero quen cambiou realmente o mundo?
18:21
Edison may not have been a nice person,
392
1089853
3382
Pode que Edison non fora
unha persoa agradable,
unha persoa agradable,
18:25
he did a lot of things --
393
1093259
3132
fixo moitas cousas...
18:28
he was maybe not so intellectual,
394
1096415
2429
quizais non era tan intelectual
18:30
not so visionary.
395
1098868
2227
nin tan visionario.
18:33
But I think I'm more
of an Edison than a Tesla.
of an Edison than a Tesla.
396
1101119
3661
Pero eu penso que son
máis un Edison que un Tesla.
máis un Edison que un Tesla.
18:37
CA: So our theme at TED
this week is dreams --
this week is dreams --
397
1105669
2438
CA: O tema do TED
esta semana son os soños:
esta semana son os soños:
soños grandes, valentes, audaces.
18:40
big, bold, audacious dreams.
398
1108131
1347
18:41
You're really the antidote to that.
399
1109502
1802
Ti es un auténtico antídoto.
18:43
LT: I'm trying to dial it down a bit, yes.
400
1111328
2109
LT: Intento desinchalo un pouco, si.
18:45
CA: That's good.
401
1113461
1151
CA: Iso está ben.
18:46
(Laughter)
402
1114636
1080
(Risos)
18:47
We embrace you, we embrace you.
403
1115740
1605
Apoiámoste, apoiámoste.
Empresas como Google e moitas
outras gañaron, podería dicirse,
outras gañaron, podería dicirse,
18:51
Companies like Google and many
others have made, arguably,
others have made, arguably,
404
1119046
2749
18:53
like, billions of dollars
out of your software.
out of your software.
405
1121819
2206
millóns de dólares
grazas ao teu software.
grazas ao teu software.
18:56
Does that piss you off?
406
1124049
1151
Moléstate?
18:57
LT: No.
407
1125224
1151
LT: Non.
Non, non me molesta por varias razóns.
18:58
No, it doesn't piss me off
for several reasons.
for several reasons.
408
1126399
2634
19:01
And one of them is, I'm doing fine.
409
1129057
2010
E unha delas é que me vai ben.
19:03
I'm really doing fine.
410
1131091
1296
Vaime moi ben.
19:04
But the other reason is --
411
1132942
1584
Pero a outra razón é...
19:06
I mean, without doing the whole
open source and really letting go thing,
open source and really letting go thing,
412
1134550
5327
Se eu non fixera o do código aberto
e deixara pasar a cousa,
e deixara pasar a cousa,
19:11
Linux would never have been what it is.
413
1139901
2226
Linux nunca sería o que é.
19:14
And it's brought experiences
I don't really enjoy, public talking,
I don't really enjoy, public talking,
414
1142151
5096
E trouxo experiencias
que non me gustan, falar en público...
que non me gustan, falar en público...
19:19
but at the same time,
this is an experience.
this is an experience.
415
1147271
2151
pero, ao mesmo tempo,
é unha experiencia.
é unha experiencia.
19:21
Trust me.
416
1149446
1280
Crédeme.
19:23
So there's a lot of things going on
that make me a very happy man
that make me a very happy man
417
1151238
5143
Hai un montón de cousas
que me fan moi feliz
que me fan moi feliz
19:28
and thinking I did the right choices.
418
1156405
2529
e me fan pensar que
fixen as escollas correctas.
fixen as escollas correctas.
19:30
CA: Is the open source idea --
419
1158958
1912
CA: A idea do código aberto
19:32
this is, I think we'll end here --
420
1160894
1636
--e penso que rematamos aquí--,
19:34
is the open source idea
fully realized now in the world,
fully realized now in the world,
421
1162554
4054
a idea do código aberto está
totalmente implantada no mundo
totalmente implantada no mundo
19:38
or is there more that it could go,
422
1166632
3018
ou hai máis cara a onde andar,
19:41
are there more things that it could do?
423
1169674
2015
hai máis cousas que se poden facer?
LT: Aí teño dúas visións contrapostas.
19:44
LT: So, I'm of two minds there.
424
1172738
2234
19:46
I think one reason open source
works so well in code
works so well in code
425
1174996
4486
Penso que unha razón pola
que o código aberto funciona tan ben
que o código aberto funciona tan ben
19:51
is that at the end of the day,
426
1179506
2409
é que, á fin e ao cabo,
19:53
code tends to be somewhat black and white.
427
1181939
3246
o código tende a ser branco ou negro.
19:57
There's often a fairly good way to decide,
428
1185209
4157
A miúdo, hai unha maneira
bastante boa de decidir,
bastante boa de decidir,
20:01
this is done correctly
and this is not done well.
and this is not done well.
429
1189390
3946
isto está ben feito e isto está mal.
20:05
Code either works or it doesn't,
430
1193360
2378
O código ou funciona ou non,
20:07
which means that there's less
room for arguments.
room for arguments.
431
1195762
4608
o que significa que hai menos
espazo para as discusións.
espazo para as discusións.
20:12
And we have arguments despite this, right?
432
1200394
3631
E temos discusións a pesar disto, vale?
20:16
In many other areas --
433
1204049
1915
En moitas outras áreas...
20:17
I mean, people have talked about
open politics and things like that --
open politics and things like that --
434
1205988
3741
é dicir, a xente falaba de cousas
como política aberta e así...
como política aberta e así...
20:21
and it's really hard sometimes to say
435
1209753
2949
e é difícil, ás veces, dicir
20:24
that, yes, you can apply the same
principles in some other areas
principles in some other areas
436
1212726
3757
que é posible aplicar
os mesmos principios noutras áreas
os mesmos principios noutras áreas
20:28
just because the black and white
turns into not just gray,
turns into not just gray,
437
1216507
5439
porque o branco e o negro
non só se transforman en grises
non só se transforman en grises
20:33
but different colors.
438
1221970
1603
senón noutras cores distintas.
20:36
So, obviously open source in science
is making a comeback.
is making a comeback.
439
1224339
4366
Obviamente, o código aberto
está reaparecendo na ciencia.
está reaparecendo na ciencia.
20:40
Science was there first.
440
1228729
1634
Na ciencia foi onde comezou.
20:42
But then science ended up
being pretty closed,
being pretty closed,
441
1230387
2667
Pero despois a ciencia
acabou por ser moi pechada,
acabou por ser moi pechada,
20:45
with very expensive journals
and some of that going on.
and some of that going on.
442
1233078
3624
con revistas moi caras e esas cousas.
20:48
And open source is making
a comeback in science,
a comeback in science,
443
1236726
3836
E o código aberto está
reaparecendo na ciencia,
reaparecendo na ciencia,
20:52
with things like arXiv and open journals.
444
1240586
4147
con cousas como arXiv
e revistas de acceso aberto.
e revistas de acceso aberto.
20:59
Wikipedia changed the world, too.
445
1247262
1953
Wikipedia tamén cambiou o mundo.
21:01
So there are other examples,
446
1249239
1454
Hai outros exemplos
21:02
I'm sure there are more to come.
447
1250717
1633
e estou seguro de que han vir máis...
21:05
CA: But you're not a visionary,
448
1253660
1567
CA: Pero ti non es un visionario
21:07
and so it's not up to you to name them.
449
1255251
1953
e non che corresponde imaxinalos.
21:09
LT: No.
450
1257228
1159
LT: Non.
21:10
(Laughter)
451
1258411
1048
(Risos)
Correspóndevos a vós facelo, non?
21:11
It's up to you guys to make them, right?
452
1259483
1964
21:13
CA: Exactly.
453
1261471
1263
CA: Exactamente.
21:14
Linus Torvalds,
454
1262758
1158
Linus Torvalds,
grazas por Linux, grazas por Internet,
21:15
thank you for Linux,
thank you for the Internet,
thank you for the Internet,
455
1263940
2245
grazas por todos eses teléfonos Android.
21:18
thank you for all those Android phones.
456
1266209
1865
Grazas por vires ao TED
e revelarnos tanto de ti.
e revelarnos tanto de ti.
21:20
Thank you for coming here to TED
and revealing so much of yourself.
and revealing so much of yourself.
457
1268098
3197
LT: Grazas.
21:23
LT: Thank you.
458
1271319
1152
(Aplausos)
21:24
(Applause)
459
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4440
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Linus Torvalds - Software engineerIn 1991, Linus Torvalds shared the Linux kernel with a few computer hobbyists. The operating system they built reshaped the software industry.
Why you should listen
Fascinated by the economy and elegance of experimental operating system Minix, computer scientist Linus Torvalds wrote an operating system kernel and shared it with independent programmers. The system that they fleshed out and released in 1994 -- Linux -- was remarkable not only for its utility and efficiency but also for the collaboration of its community.
Now enjoying mainstream respectability (and the support of the computer industry), Linux runs on the servers of Amazon, Google, and much of the wired world. As the sole arbiter of code for the Linux Foundation (which he characteristically downplays by saying “the only power I have is to say ‘no’”), Torvalds quietly inspires open-source projects worldwide.
Linus Torvalds | Speaker | TED.com