TEDGlobal 2017
Miho Janvier: Lessons from a solar storm chaser
美秀珍維爾: 太陽風暴追逐者能教我們什麼
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太空物理學家美秀珍維爾研究的是太陽風暴：從太陽逃出的粒子所形成的巨型雲，可以為地球上的生活帶來混亂（同時也會產生不可思議的極光）。太陽的大氣可以燃燒到絕對溫度1000萬度K，要如何研究它？用數學！來聽聽這位TED研究會員分享她的研究，更了解太陽如何影響地球上的我們。
Miho Janvier - Space physicist
TED Fellow Miho Janvier studies the the Sun -- in particular the origin of phenomena called "solar storms" which can impact planets in the solar system. Full bio
TED Fellow Miho Janvier studies the the Sun -- in particular the origin of phenomena called "solar storms" which can impact planets in the solar system. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
It is almost the end of the winter,
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冬天快要結束了，
00:16
and you've woken up to a cold house,
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你在一間很冷的房子裡醒來，
00:19
which is weird, because
you left the heater on all night.
you left the heater on all night.
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這很奇怪，因為你整晚都有開暖氣。
00:24
You turn on the light.
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你把燈打開。
00:25
It's not working.
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它卻沒反應。
00:27
Actually, the coffee maker, the TV --
none of them are working.
none of them are working.
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其實，咖啡機、電視全都沒反應。
00:33
Life outside also seems to have stopped.
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外面的生活似乎也停止下來了。
00:36
There are no schools,
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沒有學生上學，
00:38
most of the businesses are shut,
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大部份的商店都沒開，
00:40
and there are no working trains.
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也沒有火車在跑。
00:43
This is not the opening scene
of a zombie apocalypse movie.
of a zombie apocalypse movie.
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這並不是殭屍世界末日電影的開場。
00:48
This is what happened in March 1989
in the Canadian province of Quebec,
in the Canadian province of Quebec,
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這是 1989 年 3 月在
加拿大魁北克省發生的事，
加拿大魁北克省發生的事，
00:54
when the power grid lost power.
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電力網失去了電力。
00:57
The culprit?
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肇事者是誰？
00:59
A solar storm.
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太陽風暴。
01:01
Solar storms are giant clouds of particles
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太陽風暴是種巨型雲，
01:04
escaping from the Sun from time to time,
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由偶爾逃離太陽的粒子形成，
01:06
and a constant reminder that we live
in the neighborhood of an active star.
in the neighborhood of an active star.
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它常常提醒我們，
我們住在活躍天體的附近。
我們住在活躍天體的附近。
01:13
And I, as a solar physicist,
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我是太陽物理學家，
01:15
I have a tremendous chance
to study these solar storms.
to study these solar storms.
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我有很棒的機會可以
研究這些太陽風暴。
研究這些太陽風暴。
01:19
But you see, "solar storm chaser"
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但，「太陽風暴追逐者」
01:22
is not just a cool title.
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實在不是個酷頭銜。
01:24
My research helps to understand
where they come from,
where they come from,
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我的研究是在協助
了解它們從何而來、
了解它們從何而來、
01:28
how they behave
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它們的行為是什麼，
01:29
and, in the long run,
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以及長期目標
01:31
aims to mitigate their effects
on human societies,
on human societies,
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是要減輕它們對人類社會的影響，
01:34
which I'll get to in a second.
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我等下就會談到這點。
01:37
At the beginning of the space
exploration age 50 years ago only,
exploration age 50 years ago only,
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在太空探險時代剛開始時，
大約才五十年前，
大約才五十年前，
01:42
the probes we sent in space
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我們送上太空的探測器
01:44
revealed that the planets
in our Solar System
in our Solar System
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發現在我們太陽系中的星球
01:47
constantly bathe in a stream of particles
that are coming from the Sun
that are coming from the Sun
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經常會沉浸在來自
太陽的粒子流當中，
太陽的粒子流當中，
01:52
and that we call the solar wind.
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這就是我們所稱的太陽風。
01:55
And in the same way that global wind
patterns here on Earth
patterns here on Earth
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就像在地球上，全球的風模式會
01:59
can be affected by hurricanes,
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受到颶風的影響一樣，
02:01
the solar wind is sometimes
affected by solar storms
affected by solar storms
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太陽風有時也會被太陽風暴影響，
02:05
that I like to call "space hurricanes."
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我喜歡稱它為「太空颶風」。
02:09
When they arrive at planets,
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當它們到達星球時，
02:11
they can perturb the space environment,
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可能會擾亂太空環境，
02:13
which in turn creates
the northern or southern lights,
the northern or southern lights,
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接著就會創造出北極光和南極光，
02:17
for example, here on Earth,
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比如，在地球這裡，
02:19
but also Saturn
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在土星也有，
02:21
and also Jupiter.
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還有木星。
02:25
Luckily, here on Earth,
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幸運的是，在地球上，
02:27
we are protected
by our planet's natural shield,
by our planet's natural shield,
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我們受到我們星球的
天然屏罩所保護，
天然屏罩所保護，
02:30
a magnetic bubble that we call
the magnetosphere
the magnetosphere
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也就是被稱為磁氣圈的磁場泡泡，
02:34
and that you can see here
on the right side.
on the right side.
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可以在畫面的右手邊看到。
02:37
Nonetheless, solar storms
can still be responsible
can still be responsible
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但，太陽風暴仍然會造成
02:40
for disrupting satellite
telecommunications and operations,
telecommunications and operations,
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衛星通信和運作的中斷、
02:45
for disrupting navigation
systems, such as GPS,
systems, such as GPS,
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如 GPS 的導航系統中斷，
02:48
as well as electric power transmission.
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以及影響電力輸送。
02:51
All of these are technologies
on which us humans rely more and more.
on which us humans rely more and more.
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上述這些科技都是人類
越來越仰賴的科技。
越來越仰賴的科技。
02:58
I mean, imagine if you woke up tomorrow
without a working cell phone --
without a working cell phone --
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想像一下，如果你明天早上起床，
發現手機不能用了－
發現手機不能用了－
03:03
no internet on it,
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沒有網路連線，
03:05
which means no social media.
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也就是說，沒有社交媒體。
03:07
I mean, to me that would be worse
than the zombie apocalypse.
than the zombie apocalypse.
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對我來說，那比殭屍世界末日還慘。
03:10
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
03:12
By constantly monitoring the Sun, though,
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不過，透過持續監控太陽，
03:14
we now know where
the solar storms come from.
the solar storms come from.
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我們現在知道太陽風暴從何而來。
03:17
They come from regions of the Sun
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它們來自太陽上
03:19
where a tremendous amount
of energy is being stored.
of energy is being stored.
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儲存大量能量的區域。
03:23
You have an example here,
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這裡有個例子，
03:24
as a complex structure
hanging above the solar surface,
hanging above the solar surface,
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有個複雜的結構掛在太陽表面上，
03:28
just on the verge of erupting.
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正在爆發邊緣。
03:31
Unfortunately, we cannot send probes
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不幸的是，我們無法把探測器送到
03:34
in the scorching hot
atmosphere of the Sun,
atmosphere of the Sun,
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太陽的這種灼熱大氣當中，
03:38
where temperatures can rise
up to around 10 million degrees Kelvin.
up to around 10 million degrees Kelvin.
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在這裡可以達到
絕對溫度 1000 萬度 K。
絕對溫度 1000 萬度 K。
03:44
So what I do is I use computer simulations
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所以，我的做法是用電腦模擬，
03:48
in order to analyze but also to predict
the behavior of these storms
the behavior of these storms
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來分析和預測這些風暴的行為，
03:53
when they're just born at the Sun.
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當它們剛在太陽上誕生就開始進行。
03:57
This is only one part
of the story, though.
of the story, though.
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不過，這只是故事的一部份。
04:01
When these solar storms
are moving in space,
are moving in space,
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當這些太陽風暴在太空中移動時，
04:05
some of them will inevitably
encounter space probes
encounter space probes
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當中有些難免會遇到太空探測器，
04:08
that we humans have sent
in order to explore other worlds.
in order to explore other worlds.
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我們人類送出去探索
其他世界的探測器。
其他世界的探測器。
04:14
What I mean by other worlds is,
for example, planets,
for example, planets,
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我所謂的其他世界，
指的是比如其他星球，
指的是比如其他星球，
04:16
such as Venus or Mercury,
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像是金星或水星，
04:19
but also objects, such as comets.
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還有物體，像是慧星。
04:22
And while these space probes
have been made
have been made
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雖然這些太空探測器
04:25
for different scientific endeavors,
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是被設計來做不同的科學用途，
04:27
they can also act like tiny
cosmic meteorological stations
cosmic meteorological stations
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它們也可以被當作
小型的宇宙氣象站，
小型的宇宙氣象站，
04:33
and monitor the evolution
of these space storms.
of these space storms.
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用來監控這些太空風暴的演化。
04:36
So I, with a group of researchers,
gather and analyze this data
gather and analyze this data
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所以我和一群研究者一同分析
04:42
coming from different
locations of the Solar System.
locations of the Solar System.
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這些來自太陽系不同地點的資料。
04:45
And by doing so, my research
shows that, actually,
shows that, actually,
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這麼做之後，我的研究顯示，其實，
04:48
solar storms have a generic shape,
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太陽風暴有個一般的形狀，
04:50
and that this shape evolves
as solar storms move away from the Sun.
as solar storms move away from the Sun.
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當太陽風暴遠離太陽之後，
形狀就會逐漸形成。
形狀就會逐漸形成。
04:55
And you know what?
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你們知道嗎？
04:56
This is key for building tools
to predict space weather.
to predict space weather.
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這就是打造太空天氣
預測工具的關鍵。
預測工具的關鍵。
05:03
I would like to leave you
with this beautiful image.
with this beautiful image.
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我把這張美麗的影像留給各位。
05:06
This is us here on Earth,
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這就是我們的地球，
05:09
this pale blue dot.
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這個淡藍色的圓點。
05:11
And while I study the Sun
and its storms every day,
and its storms every day,
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雖然我每天都在研究太陽和太陽風暴，
05:15
I will always have a deep love
for this beautiful planet --
for this beautiful planet --
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但我一直都深愛著這個美麗的星球，
的確，這是個淡藍色的圓點，
05:20
a pale blue dot indeed,
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05:21
but a pale blue dot
with an invisible magnetic shield
with an invisible magnetic shield
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但這個淡藍色的圓點
有個隱形的磁場屏罩，
有個隱形的磁場屏罩，
05:25
that helps to protect us.
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能協助保護我們。
05:27
Thank you.
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謝謝。
05:28
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Miho Janvier - Space physicistTED Fellow Miho Janvier studies the the Sun -- in particular the origin of phenomena called "solar storms" which can impact planets in the solar system.
Why you should listen
Miho Janvier is a space physicist at the Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, France. Her work focuses on the understanding of when solar flares occur, how solar storms travel in space and how they impact planetary environments in the solar system and other star systems. In a nutshell, she works towards a better prediction of "space weather," with a goal of better understanding the influence of the Sun's activity on human societies. She uses data from space missions from NASA, ESA and JAXA as well as develop 3D computer models of solar eruptions.
Janvier is involved as the deputy project scientist on the instrument SPICE as well as a scientific co-Investigator on the instrument EUI on board Solar Orbiter, the next European Space Agency mission to explore the winds and storms coming out from the Sun. Her passion for astrophysics and science communication has led her to partner with the movie production company TreeHouse Digital Ltd to develop a 360 degrees experience of a solar storm using science data and VFX. This video runs in virtual reality headsets such as the Oculus Rift or Youtube 360, with a goal of educating the public about space science.
Miho Janvier | Speaker | TED.com