TED2015
David Eagleman: Can we create new senses for humans?
David Eagleman: Kas inimesele on võimalik tekitada uusi meeli?
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Inimene tajub vaid üht kümmetriljondikku osa kõikidest valguslainetest. Neuroteadlase David Eagleman nendib, et kuigi inimese maailmapilti piirab kaasasündinud bioloogiline ülesehitus, on ta oma teadustöö abil leidnud võimalusi meie taju avardamiseks. Eagleman on uurinud erinevaid ajuprotsesse ning sellest ajendatult loonud uusi tajuliideseid, nagu näiteks tajutundlik vest, mille abil on võimalik ümbritsevast maailmast saada vahetult informatsiooni, mis meelte piiratuse tõttu meile muidu kättesaamatuks jääks.
David Eagleman - Neuroscientist
David Eagleman decodes the mysteries of the tangled web of neurons and electricity that make our minds tick -- and also make us human. Full bio
David Eagleman decodes the mysteries of the tangled web of neurons and electricity that make our minds tick -- and also make us human. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
We are built out of very small stuff,
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Me koosneme imetillukestest osakestest
ja oleme osaks lõputust kosmosest
00:17
and we are embedded in
a very large cosmos,
a very large cosmos,
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00:20
and the fact is that we are not
very good at understanding reality
very good at understanding reality
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ning paraku ei suuda me
täielikult mõista tegelikkust
täielikult mõista tegelikkust
kummaski mõõtkavas.
00:24
at either of those scales,
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00:26
and that's because our brains
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Seda seetõttu, et meie aju
ei ole piisavalt arenenud,
ei ole piisavalt arenenud,
00:27
haven't evolved to understand
the world at that scale.
the world at that scale.
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et suudaksime aduda
universumi kogu tema rikkuses.
universumi kogu tema rikkuses.
00:32
Instead, we're trapped on this
very thin slice of perception
very thin slice of perception
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Suudame tajuda ainult
väga kitsast lõiku maailmast
väga kitsast lõiku maailmast
mis paikneb selle laia spektri keskel.
00:36
right in the middle.
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Kummaline aga, et isegi
selles reaalsuses, mida teame,
selles reaalsuses, mida teame,
00:38
But it gets strange, because even at
that slice of reality that we call home,
that slice of reality that we call home,
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00:43
we're not seeing most
of the action that's going on.
of the action that's going on.
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ei suuda me hoomata suuremat
osa meie ümber toimuvast.
osa meie ümber toimuvast.
00:46
So take the colors of our world.
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Võtame näiteks värvid meie maailmas.
00:49
This is light waves, electromagnetic
radiation that bounces off objects
radiation that bounces off objects
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Tegu on valguslainetega,
elektromagnetilise kiirgusega,
elektromagnetilise kiirgusega,
mis põrkub objektidelt ja jõuab
silmapõhjas asuvate retseptoriteni.
silmapõhjas asuvate retseptoriteni.
00:54
and it hits specialized receptors
in the back of our eyes.
in the back of our eyes.
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00:57
But we're not seeing
all the waves out there.
all the waves out there.
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Kuid me ei näe kõiki
olemasolevaid valguslaineid.
olemasolevaid valguslaineid.
Tegelikult suudame näha
vaid üks 10 triljondikku osa sellest,
vaid üks 10 triljondikku osa sellest,
01:01
In fact, what we see
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01:03
is less than a 10 trillionth
of what's out there.
of what's out there.
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mis meid tegelikult ümbritseb.
01:07
So you have radio waves and microwaves
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Niisiis läbivad teie keha praegu
mikrolained ja raadiolained,
mikrolained ja raadiolained,
01:10
and X-rays and gamma rays
passing through your body right now
passing through your body right now
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samuti röntgeni- ja gammakiired,
01:13
and you're completely unaware of it,
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kuid neid pole üldse tunda ega näha,
01:16
because you don't come with
the proper biological receptors
the proper biological receptors
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sest inimesel puuduvad
bioloogilised retseptorid,
bioloogilised retseptorid,
mida oleks vaja kõige selle tajumiseks.
01:19
for picking it up.
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Tuhanded mobiilikõned
läbivad praegu teie keha,
läbivad praegu teie keha,
01:21
There are thousands
of cell phone conversations
of cell phone conversations
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01:24
passing through you right now,
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01:25
and you're utterly blind to it.
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kuid teil pole sellest õrna aimugi.
01:28
Now, it's not that these things
are inherently unseeable.
are inherently unseeable.
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Ja asi pole selles, et see kõik
nagu olekski nähtamatu.
nagu olekski nähtamatu.
01:31
Snakes include some infrared
in their reality,
in their reality,
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Näiteks maod tajuvad
teatavat infrapunakiirgust,
teatavat infrapunakiirgust,
01:36
and honeybees include ultraviolet
in their view of the world,
in their view of the world,
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ja mesilased näevad ultraviolettkiirgust
ning ka inimene on auto
armatuurlaua sisse ehitanud süsteemi,
armatuurlaua sisse ehitanud süsteemi,
01:40
and of course we build machines
in the dashboards of our cars
in the dashboards of our cars
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01:43
to pick up on signals
in the radio frequency range,
in the radio frequency range,
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mis on raadiolainete levialas
võimeline signaale eristama,
võimeline signaale eristama,
01:46
and we built machines in hospitals
to pick up on the X-ray range.
to pick up on the X-ray range.
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samuti on haiglates masinad,
mis töötavad röntgenkiirtega.
mis töötavad röntgenkiirtega.
01:50
But you can't sense
any of those by yourself,
any of those by yourself,
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Kuid kõike eelmainitut ei ole me
võimelised ise tajuma,
võimelised ise tajuma,
01:53
at least not yet,
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vähemalt täna veel mitte,
01:55
because you don't come equipped
with the proper sensors.
with the proper sensors.
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sest meil ei ole selleks
vajalikke sensoreid.
vajalikke sensoreid.
01:59
Now, what this means is that
our experience of reality
our experience of reality
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Järelikult on meie taju piiratus
02:03
is constrained by our biology,
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tingitud meie organismi
bioloogilisest ülesehitusest
bioloogilisest ülesehitusest
02:07
and that goes against
the common sense notion
the common sense notion
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ja see kõik on vastuolus arusaamaga,
02:09
that our eyes and our ears
and our fingertips
and our fingertips
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et meie silmad, kõrvad ja sõrmeotsad
02:12
are just picking up
the objective reality that's out there.
the objective reality that's out there.
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tajuvad reaalsust täiesti objektiivselt.
02:16
Instead, our brains are sampling
just a little bit of the world.
just a little bit of the world.
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Tegelikult on meie meeltele tajutav vaid
üks killuke ümbritsevast maailmast.
üks killuke ümbritsevast maailmast.
02:22
Now, across the animal kingdom,
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Üle kogu loomariigi
02:24
different animals pick up
on different parts of reality.
on different parts of reality.
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tajuvad erinevad liigid
reaalsuse erinevaid aspekte.
reaalsuse erinevaid aspekte.
02:27
So in the blind
and deaf world of the tick,
and deaf world of the tick,
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Pimeda ning kurdi puugi maailmas
02:30
the important signals
are temperature and butyric acid;
are temperature and butyric acid;
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on olulisteks signaalideks
temperatuur ja butaanhape,
temperatuur ja butaanhape,
02:34
in the world of the black ghost knifefish,
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samas on musta nugakala tajuilm
02:37
its sensory world is lavishly colored
by electrical fields;
by electrical fields;
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tänu elektriväljadele
väga kirev ja mitmevärviline
väga kirev ja mitmevärviline
02:42
and for the echolocating bat,
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ning kajalokatsiooni abil
liikuva nahkhiire jaoks
liikuva nahkhiire jaoks
02:45
its reality is constructed
out of air compression waves.
out of air compression waves.
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moodustub reaalsus õhuvõngetest.
02:49
That's the slice of their ecosystem
that they can pick up on,
that they can pick up on,
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See on nende pisike tükike
ökosüsteemist, mida nad tajuvad,
ökosüsteemist, mida nad tajuvad,
02:53
and we have a word for this in science.
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teadlased kasutavad selle kirjeldamiseks
konkreetset mõistet.
konkreetset mõistet.
02:55
It's called the umwelt,
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Seda nimetatakse “umwelt”, omailm,
02:56
which is the German word
for the surrounding world.
for the surrounding world.
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see tuleneb saksakeelsest sõnast,
mis tähistab ümbritsevat maailma.
mis tähistab ümbritsevat maailma.
03:00
Now, presumably, every animal assumes
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Arvatavasti eeldab iga olend,
03:03
that its umwelt is the entire
objective reality out there,
objective reality out there,
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et tema omailm ongi
objekiivne reaalsus,
objekiivne reaalsus,
03:07
because why would you ever stop to imagine
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sest miks peakski keegi mõtlema sellele,
03:10
that there's something beyond
what we can sense.
what we can sense.
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et eksisteerib veel midagi
peale tajutava maailma.
peale tajutava maailma.
03:13
Instead, what we all do
is we accept reality
is we accept reality
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Selle asemel defineerime reaalsuse nii,
03:16
as it's presented to us.
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nagu me seda näeme.
Katsume nüüd seda korraks kõrvalt vaadata.
03:19
Let's do a consciousness-raiser on this.
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Kujutle, et oled verekoer.
03:21
Imagine that you are a bloodhound dog.
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03:24
Your whole world is about smelling.
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Kogu su maailm koosneb lõhnadest.
03:27
You've got a long snout that has
200 million scent receptors in it,
200 million scent receptors in it,
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Sul on pikk koon, milles on
200 miljonit lõhnaretseptorit
200 miljonit lõhnaretseptorit
03:31
and you have wet nostrils
that attract and trap scent molecules,
that attract and trap scent molecules,
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ning sul on niisked ninasõõrmed, mis
tõmbavad ligi ning püüavad lõhnaosakesi
tõmbavad ligi ning püüavad lõhnaosakesi
03:36
and your nostrils even have slits
so you can take big nosefuls of air.
so you can take big nosefuls of air.
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ja ninasõõrmetel on isegi pilukesed,
et saaks suuremate sõõmudega hingata.
et saaks suuremate sõõmudega hingata.
03:40
Everything is about smell for you.
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Sinu jaoks keerleb kõik ümber lõhnade.
03:43
So one day, you stop in your tracks
with a revelation.
with a revelation.
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Aga ühel päeval rabab sind üks mõte.
03:47
You look at your human owner
and you think,
and you think,
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Vaatad oma inimesest omanikku ja mõtled,
mis tunne küll oleks elada
nii armetu ninaga nagu inimesed?
nii armetu ninaga nagu inimesed?
03:50
"What is it like to have the pitiful,
impoverished nose of a human?
impoverished nose of a human?
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03:55
(Laughter)
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(Naer)
Kuidas üldse elada, kui sisse saab
tõmmata vaid kahvatu sõõmukese õhku?
tõmmata vaid kahvatu sõõmukese õhku?
03:57
What is it like when you take
a feeble little noseful of air?
a feeble little noseful of air?
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04:00
How can you not know that there's
a cat 100 yards away,
a cat 100 yards away,
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Kuidas saab elada adumata,
et 90 meetri kaugusel on kass
et 90 meetri kaugusel on kass
04:04
or that your neighbor was on
this very spot six hours ago?"
this very spot six hours ago?"
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või et su naaber seisis kuus tundi
tagasi siin samas kohas?
tagasi siin samas kohas?
04:07
(Laughter)
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(Naer)
Kuna oleme inimesed,
04:10
So because we're humans,
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ei ole me kunagi kogenud lõhnade maailma
04:12
we've never experienced
that world of smell,
that world of smell,
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04:15
so we don't miss it,
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ja ei oska ka sellest puudust tunda,
04:18
because we are firmly settled
into our umwelt.
into our umwelt.
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sest oleme kõvasti kinni enda omailmas.
04:22
But the question is,
do we have to be stuck there?
do we have to be stuck there?
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Küsimus aga on, kas peame
pelgalt sellega leppima?
pelgalt sellega leppima?
04:26
So as a neuroscientist, I'm interested
in the way that technology
in the way that technology
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Neuroteadlasena huvitab mind see,
kuidas saaksime tehnoloogia abil
kuidas saaksime tehnoloogia abil
04:30
might expand our umwelt,
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inimese omailma laiendada
04:33
and how that's going to change
the experience of being human.
the experience of being human.
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ja kuidas see inimeseks
olemiseks kogemust muudaks.
olemiseks kogemust muudaks.
04:38
So we already know that we can marry
our technology to our biology,
our technology to our biology,
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Juba osatakse ühildada
tehnoloogiat inimorganismiga,
tehnoloogiat inimorganismiga,
04:41
because there are hundreds of thousands
of people walking around
of people walking around
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kuna sajad tuhanded inimesed
kasutavad igapäevaselt
kasutavad igapäevaselt
04:45
with artificial hearing
and artificial vision.
and artificial vision.
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tehislikke kuulmis- ja nägemisseadmeid.
04:49
So the way this works is, you take
a microphone and you digitize the signal,
a microphone and you digitize the signal,
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Kuuldeaparaadi mikrofon püüab
signaali, digitaliseerib selle
signaali, digitaliseerib selle
04:53
and you put an electrode strip
directly into the inner ear.
directly into the inner ear.
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ja saadab otse sisekõrvas
asuvasse elektroodiribasse.
asuvasse elektroodiribasse.
04:57
Or, with the retinal implant,
you take a camera
you take a camera
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Läätseimplantaat kasutab kaamerat,
04:59
and you digitize the signal,
and then you plug an electrode grid
and then you plug an electrode grid
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digitaliseerib saadud signaali
ja ühendab elektroodide võrgustiku
ja ühendab elektroodide võrgustiku
05:02
directly into the optic nerve.
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otse nägemisnärvi külge.
05:05
And as recently as 15 years ago,
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Veel 15 aasta eest arvasid teadlased,
05:09
there were a lot of scientists who thought
these technologies wouldn't work.
these technologies wouldn't work.
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et selline tehnoloogia ei ole võimalik.
05:13
Why? It's because these technologies
speak the language of Silicon Valley,
speak the language of Silicon Valley,
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Miks?
Sest selline tehnoloogia
räägib Silicon Valley keeles,
räägib Silicon Valley keeles,
05:18
and it's not exactly the same dialect
as our natural biological sense organs.
as our natural biological sense organs.
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mis on mõneti erinev tajuorganite
loodusliku ülesehituse keelest.
loodusliku ülesehituse keelest.
05:24
But the fact is that it works;
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Kuid fakt on see, et need seadmed töötavad
05:26
the brain figures out
how to use the signals just fine.
how to use the signals just fine.
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ja inimaju tuleb nende signaalide
töötlemisega suurepäraselt toime.
töötlemisega suurepäraselt toime.
05:31
Now, how do we understand that?
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Kuidas seda mõista?
05:33
Well, here's the big secret:
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Asja võti on järgmine:
05:35
Your brain is not hearing
or seeing any of this.
or seeing any of this.
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su aju ei kuule ega näe midagi.
05:40
Your brain is locked in a vault of silence
and darkness inside your skull.
and darkness inside your skull.
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Su aju on vaikses ning pimedas
kambris sinu kolju sees.
kambris sinu kolju sees.
05:47
All it ever sees are
electrochemical signals
electrochemical signals
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Kõik, mida aju suudab registreerida,
on elektrokeemilised signaalid,
on elektrokeemilised signaalid,
05:50
that come in along different data cables,
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mis tulevad mööda erinevaid teabekanaleid
05:53
and this is all it has to work with,
and nothing more.
and nothing more.
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ja see on ka ainus sisend,
mille põhjal aju toimib.
mille põhjal aju toimib.
05:58
Now, amazingly,
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Imelisel kombel on aju tohutult
osav signaalide vastuvõtmises,
osav signaalide vastuvõtmises,
06:00
the brain is really good
at taking in these signals
at taking in these signals
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mustrite eristamises ja tähenduse andmises
06:03
and extracting patterns
and assigning meaning,
and assigning meaning,
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06:07
so that it takes this inner cosmos
and puts together a story
and puts together a story
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ja suudab selle põhjal panna kokku pildi
06:11
of this, your subjective world.
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ümbritsevast subjektiivsest maailmast.
Kuid mis põhiline,
06:16
But here's the key point:
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su aju ei tea ega hooli sellest,
06:18
Your brain doesn't know,
and it doesn't care,
and it doesn't care,
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06:21
where it gets the data from.
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kust saadav teave pärineb.
06:24
Whatever information comes in,
it just figures out what to do with it.
it just figures out what to do with it.
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Uue info laekudes leiab aju
sellele koheselt kasutust.
sellele koheselt kasutust.
06:29
And this is a very efficient
kind of machine.
kind of machine.
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Aju on äärmiselt võimekas tööriist.
06:31
It's essentially a general purpose
computing device,
computing device,
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Sisuliselt on tegu arvutiga,
06:36
and it just takes in everything
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mis võtab vastu infot
06:38
and figures out
what it's going to do with it,
what it's going to do with it,
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ja leiab sellele vajaliku väljundi
06:41
and that, I think, frees up Mother Nature
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ning see omakorda annab
emakesele loodusele võimaluse
emakesele loodusele võimaluse
06:44
to tinker around with different
sorts of input channels.
sorts of input channels.
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luua mitmeid erinevaid
infosisestamise kanaleid.
infosisestamise kanaleid.
Ma kutsuksin seda
KP evolutsioonimudeliks.
KP evolutsioonimudeliks.
06:49
So I call this the P.H.
model of evolution,
model of evolution,
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06:52
and I don't want to get
too technical here,
too technical here,
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Ma ei taha minna liiga tehniliseks,
06:54
but P.H. stands for Potato Head,
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kuid KP tähendab Kartulipead ja
kasutan seda nimetust, et rõhutada
06:57
and I use this name to emphasize
that all these sensors
that all these sensors
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et kõik meile tuttavad sensorid,
07:01
that we know and love, like our eyes
and our ears and our fingertips,
and our ears and our fingertips,
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nagu näiteks silmad, kõrvad ja sõrmed
07:04
these are merely peripheral
plug-and-play devices:
plug-and-play devices:
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on kõigest ühendatavad seadmed.
07:08
You stick them in, and you're good to go.
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Kui nad on pistikusse torgatud,
siis on kõik vajalik olemas.
siis on kõik vajalik olemas.
07:12
The brain figures out what to do
with the data that comes in.
with the data that comes in.
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Aju saab aru, mida vastu võetud
informatsiooniga peale hakata.
informatsiooniga peale hakata.
07:18
And when you look across
the animal kingdom,
the animal kingdom,
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Ka loomariigis ringi vaadates
07:20
you find lots of peripheral devices.
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märkab palju selliseid lisaseadmeid.
07:23
So snakes have heat pits
with which to detect infrared,
with which to detect infrared,
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Madudel on pea küljel lohud, kus
paiknevad infrapunaretseptorid,
paiknevad infrapunaretseptorid,
07:27
and the ghost knifefish has
electroreceptors,
electroreceptors,
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mustal nugakalal on elektroretseptorid
ja tähtmutil on nina otsas huvitav
22 näsaga lisaorgan
22 näsaga lisaorgan
07:30
and the star-nosed mole has this appendage
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07:33
with 22 fingers on it
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millega ta ümbritsevat maailma kompab ja
sellest kolmemõõtmelise pildi loob.
sellest kolmemõõtmelise pildi loob.
07:35
with which it feels around and constructs
a 3D model of the world,
a 3D model of the world,
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07:39
and many birds have magnetite
so they can orient
so they can orient
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Paljude lindude organismis on magnetiiti,
et orienteeruda maa magnetväljade abil.
07:43
to the magnetic field of the planet.
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07:45
So what this means is that
nature doesn't have to continually
nature doesn't have to continually
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Seega ei pea loodus evolutsiooni
käigus aju pidevalt ümberehitama.
käigus aju pidevalt ümberehitama.
07:49
redesign the brain.
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07:52
Instead, with the principles
of brain operation established,
of brain operation established,
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Aju toimemehhanism jääb ikka samaks,
evolutsiooni mureks on jäänud vaid
uute lisaseadmete väljatöötamine.
uute lisaseadmete väljatöötamine.
07:56
all nature has to worry about
is designing new peripherals.
is designing new peripherals.
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08:01
Okay. So what this means is this:
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Siit selgub aga see,
et tegelikult ei ole meie aju
bioloogilises ülesehituses,
bioloogilises ülesehituses,
08:04
The lesson that surfaces
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08:06
is that there's nothing
really special or fundamental
really special or fundamental
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nagu see meile looduse poolt
antud on, midagi väga erilist.
antud on, midagi väga erilist.
08:09
about the biology that we
come to the table with.
come to the table with.
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See on kõigest arsenal, mille saime kaasa
08:12
It's just what we have inherited
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pika ja keeruka evolutsiooni käigus.
08:14
from a complex road of evolution.
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08:18
But it's not what we have to stick with,
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Kuid see ei ole arsenal,
mida me täiendada ei võiks
mida me täiendada ei võiks
08:21
and our best proof of principle of this
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ja parim tõestus sellele on nähtus,
08:23
comes from what's called
sensory substitution.
sensory substitution.
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mida kutsutakse tajuasenduseks.
08:26
And that refers to feeding
information into the brain
information into the brain
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Tajuasendus seisneb ajule info edastamises
08:29
via unusual sensory channels,
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mitte-traditsiooniliste kanalite kaudu
08:32
and the brain just figures out
what to do with it.
what to do with it.
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ja aju leiab ise viisi
selle teabe töötlemiseks.
selle teabe töötlemiseks.
08:35
Now, that might sound speculative,
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See võib tunduda väljamõeldisena,
08:37
but the first paper demonstrating this was
published in the journal Nature in 1969.
published in the journal Nature in 1969.
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aga esimene teadustöö selle tõestuseks
avaldati 1969. aastal ajakirjas Nature.
avaldati 1969. aastal ajakirjas Nature.
Teadlane Paul Bach-y-Rita lasi
oma katses pimedatel istuda
oma katses pimedatel istuda
08:43
So a scientist named Paul Bach-y-Rita
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08:46
put blind people
in a modified dental chair,
in a modified dental chair,
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spetsiaalselt kohandatud hambaarstitoolile
ning seadis üles video-ekraani nii,
08:49
and he set up a video feed,
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08:51
and he put something
in front of the camera,
in front of the camera,
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et kui kaamera ette pandi mingi objekt,
08:54
and then you would feel that
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siis katsealune tundis selle eseme
kujutise vajutust oma seljal
kujutise vajutust oma seljal
08:56
poked into your back
with a grid of solenoids.
with a grid of solenoids.
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tooli seljatoes oleva seadme abil.
08:59
So if you wiggle a coffee cup
in front of the camera,
in front of the camera,
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Nii et kui kaamera ees oli kohvitass,
09:02
you're feeling that in your back,
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tundis uurimisalune kohvitassi
kuju oma seljal.
kuju oma seljal.
09:04
and amazingly, blind people
got pretty good
got pretty good
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Imelisel kombel kohanesid
uurimisalused kiiresti ning
uurimisalused kiiresti ning
09:07
at being able to determine
what was in front of the camera
what was in front of the camera
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suutsid juba varsti tuvastada
kaamera ees olevaid objekte
kaamera ees olevaid objekte
09:11
just by feeling it
in the small of their back.
in the small of their back.
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ainult tänu sellele, et nad
tundsid neid oma alaseljal.
tundsid neid oma alaseljal.
09:14
Now, there have been many
modern incarnations of this.
modern incarnations of this.
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Sarnast metoodikat on palju
kasutatud ka uuemal ajal.
kasutatud ka uuemal ajal.
09:18
The sonic glasses take a video feed
right in front of you
right in front of you
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Heliprillid kasutavad visuaalset teavet
09:21
and turn that into a sonic landscape,
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ning muudavad selle heliks nii,
et kui objektid liiguvad
lähemale või kaugemale,
lähemale või kaugemale,
09:24
so as things move around,
and get closer and farther,
and get closer and farther,
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annavad prillid sellest surinaga märku.
09:26
it sounds like "Bzz, bzz, bzz."
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09:29
It sounds like a cacophony,
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Alguses kõlab see kakofooniliselt,
09:31
but after several weeks, blind people
start getting pretty good
start getting pretty good
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aga mõne nädala pärast hakkasid pimedad
üsna hästi hoomama enda ümber toimuvat
09:34
at understanding what's in front of them
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vaid prillidest kostuva surina põhjal.
09:37
just based on what they're hearing.
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Ja mitte ainult kuulmismeel.
09:39
And it doesn't have to be
through the ears:
through the ears:
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See süsteem toimib läbi laubale
paigutatud elektrotaktiilse võrgu.
paigutatud elektrotaktiilse võrgu.
09:41
this system uses an electrotactile grid
on the forehead,
on the forehead,
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09:45
so whatever's in front of the video feed,
you're feeling it on your forehead.
you're feeling it on your forehead.
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Igasugune visuaalne info
muundatakse puudutuseks laubal.
muundatakse puudutuseks laubal.
Miks just laubal?
09:49
Why the forehead? Because you're not
using it for much else.
using it for much else.
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Sest laubal pole muid funktsioone.
09:51
The most modern incarnation
is called the brainport,
is called the brainport,
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Kõige uuem taoline leiutis on BrainPort,
need on imeväiksed andurid,
mis asetatakse keele peale
mis asetatakse keele peale
09:56
and this is a little electrogrid
that sits on your tongue,
that sits on your tongue,
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09:59
and the video feed gets turned into
these little electrotactile signals,
these little electrotactile signals,
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ja mis muundavad visuaalse info
keelel tuntavateks impulssideks.
keelel tuntavateks impulssideks.
Pimedad on õppinud seda
nii hästi kasutama,
nii hästi kasutama,
10:03
and blind people get so good at using this
that they can throw a ball into a basket,
that they can throw a ball into a basket,
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et nad saavad palli korvi visata
10:10
or they can navigate
complex obstacle courses.
complex obstacle courses.
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või keerulisi takistusradu läbida.
10:15
They can come to see through their tongue.
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See seade võimaldab näha keele abil.
10:19
Now, that sounds completely insane, right?
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See kõlab ilmselt täiesti hullumeelselt,
aga ärge unustage, et
nägemine pole midagi muud,
nägemine pole midagi muud,
10:21
But remember, all vision ever is
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10:24
is electrochemical signals
coursing around in your brain.
coursing around in your brain.
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kui ajusse saadetud
elektrokeemilised signaalid.
elektrokeemilised signaalid.
Teie aju ei tea, kust
need signaalid pärinevad,
need signaalid pärinevad,
10:28
Your brain doesn't know
where the signals come from.
where the signals come from.
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ta lihtsalt teab, kuidas neid kasutada.
10:31
It just figures out what to do with them.
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Hetkel uurin ma tajuasendust kurtidele.
10:34
So my interest in my lab
is sensory substitution for the deaf,
is sensory substitution for the deaf,
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10:40
and this is a project I've undertaken
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Selle projektiga tegelen oma laboris
koos doktorant Scott Novichiga,
koos doktorant Scott Novichiga,
10:43
with a graduate student
in my lab, Scott Novich,
in my lab, Scott Novich,
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10:46
who is spearheading this for his thesis.
189
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kes kogub materjali oma doktoritöö jaoks.
10:48
And here is what we wanted to do:
190
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Mis meil siis plaanis on?
Me tahame leida moodust, kuidas
helisid oleks võimalik tõlkida nii
helisid oleks võimalik tõlkida nii
10:50
we wanted to make it so that
sound from the world gets converted
sound from the world gets converted
191
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10:54
in some way so that a deaf person
can understand what is being said.
can understand what is being said.
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et kurdid saaksid aru, mida öeldakse.
10:59
And we wanted to do this, given the power
and ubiquity of portable computing,
and ubiquity of portable computing,
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Võttes arvesse kaasaskantavate
nutiseadmete levikut,
nutiseadmete levikut,
11:03
we wanted to make sure that this
would run on cell phones and tablets,
would run on cell phones and tablets,
194
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soovime teha seadet,
mis töötaks nii telefonis
kui ka tahvelarvutis
kui ka tahvelarvutis
ja mille saaks selga panna
ning riiete all kanda.
ning riiete all kanda.
11:08
and also we wanted
to make this a wearable,
to make this a wearable,
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11:11
something that you could wear
under your clothing.
under your clothing.
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11:14
So here's the concept.
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Meie idee on järgmine:
11:17
So as I'm speaking, my sound
is getting captured by the tablet,
is getting captured by the tablet,
198
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kui ma räägin, püüab
tahvelarvuti heli kinni
tahvelarvuti heli kinni
ja kaardistab signaali vestil,
11:22
and then it's getting mapped onto a vest
that's covered in vibratory motors,
that's covered in vibratory motors,
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5758
mis on kaetud vibreerivate anduritega,
11:28
just like the motors in your cell phone.
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täpselt sellistega nagu teie telefonides.
11:31
So as I'm speaking,
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Rääkimise ajal muundatakse kõneheli
11:33
the sound is getting translated
to a pattern of vibration on the vest.
to a pattern of vibration on the vest.
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vibratsioonide mustriks vestil.
See ei ole vaid teooria.
11:40
Now, this is not just conceptual:
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11:41
this tablet is transmitting Bluetooth,
and I'm wearing the vest right now.
and I'm wearing the vest right now.
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Tahvelarvuti mu käes kasutab bluetoothi
ja selline vest on mul praegu seljas.
Nii et siin kõneledes --
11:47
So as I'm speaking -- (Applause) --
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(Aplaus)
11:50
the sound is getting translated
into dynamic patterns of vibration.
into dynamic patterns of vibration.
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tõlgitakse heli dünaamiliseks
vibratsioonimustriks.
vibratsioonimustriks.
11:55
I'm feeling the sonic world around me.
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Mu tunnen helisid enda ümber.
Me oleme vesti ka kurtidega katsetanud
12:01
So, we've been testing this
with deaf people now,
with deaf people now,
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12:05
and it turns out that after
just a little bit of time,
just a little bit of time,
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ja ilmneb, et üsna lühikese ajaga
12:08
people can start feeling,
they can start understanding
they can start understanding
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hakkavad kurdid vesti keelest aru saama.
12:12
the language of the vest.
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12:14
So this is Jonathan. He's 37 years old.
He has a master's degree.
He has a master's degree.
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See siin on Jonathan.
Ta on 37-aastane.
Tal on magistrikraad.
12:19
He was born profoundly deaf,
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Ta oli sündides täielikult kurt,
12:22
which means that there's a part
of his umwelt that's unavailable to him.
of his umwelt that's unavailable to him.
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mis tähendab, et osa tema omailmast
ei ole talle kättesaadav.
ei ole talle kättesaadav.
12:26
So we had Jonathan train with the vest
for four days, two hours a day,
for four days, two hours a day,
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Me lasime Jonathanil nelja päeva jooksul
iga päev kaks tundi vesti kanda
iga päev kaks tundi vesti kanda
12:30
and here he is on the fifth day.
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ning siin on ta viiendal päeval.
12:33
Scott Novich: You.
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Scott Novich: You
12:36
David Eagleman: So Scott says a word,
Jonathan feels it on the vest,
Jonathan feels it on the vest,
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DE: Niisiis Scott ütleb mingi
sõna ja Jonathan tunneb seda vestil
sõna ja Jonathan tunneb seda vestil
12:39
and he writes it on the board.
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ja kirjutab selle tahvlile.
12:42
SN: Where. Where.
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SN: Kus. Kus.
12:46
DE: Jonathan is able to translate
this complicated pattern of vibrations
this complicated pattern of vibrations
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DE: Jonathan on võimeline tõlkima selle
keerulise vibratsioonide mustri
keerulise vibratsioonide mustri
12:49
into an understanding
of what's being said.
of what's being said.
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endale arusaadavasse keelde.
12:52
SN: Touch. Touch.
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SN: Puudutus. Puudutus.
12:56
DE: Now, he's not doing this --
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Ta ei tee seda --
(Aplaus)
13:00
(Applause) --
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13:07
Jonathan is not doing this consciously,
because the patterns are too complicated,
because the patterns are too complicated,
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Jonathan ei tee seda teadlikult,
sest mustrid on liiga keerulised,
sest mustrid on liiga keerulised,
13:12
but his brain is starting to unlock
the pattern that allows it to figure out
the pattern that allows it to figure out
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kuid ta aju hakkab tasapisi
aru saama mustri loogikast
aru saama mustri loogikast
ja sellest, mida see info tähendab.
13:17
what the data mean,
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13:19
and our expectation is that,
after wearing this for about three months,
after wearing this for about three months,
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Me loodame, et kui vesti kolm kuud kanda,
siis areneb Jonathanil välja otsene
helist tulenev tajukogemus,
helist tulenev tajukogemus,
13:23
he will have a direct
perceptual experience of hearing
perceptual experience of hearing
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13:28
in the same way that when a blind person
passes a finger over braille,
passes a finger over braille,
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nagu punktkirja lugevatel pimedatel,
13:32
the meaning comes directly off the page
without any conscious intervention at all.
without any conscious intervention at all.
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kelleni tähendus jõuab otse paberilt
ilma igasuguste vahelülideta.
ilma igasuguste vahelülideta.
13:38
Now, this technology has the potential
to be a game-changer,
to be a game-changer,
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Sellel tehnoloogial on potentsiaali tuua
kaasa murranguline muutus,
kaasa murranguline muutus,
13:42
because the only other solution
for deafness is a cochlear implant,
for deafness is a cochlear implant,
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sest seni on kurtide ainuke võimalus olnud
sisekõrvaimplantaadi paigaldamine,
sisekõrvaimplantaadi paigaldamine,
mis nõuab keerulist operatsiooni.
13:46
and that requires an invasive surgery.
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Selle vesti valmistamine on
40 korda odavam kui implantaat,
40 korda odavam kui implantaat,
13:49
And this can be built for 40 times cheaper
than a cochlear implant,
than a cochlear implant,
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seega oleks selline tehnoloogia laiemalt
kättesaadav ka vaesemates riikides.
kättesaadav ka vaesemates riikides.
13:54
which opens up this technology globally,
even for the poorest countries.
even for the poorest countries.
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4899
14:00
Now, we've been very encouraged
by our results with sensory substitution,
by our results with sensory substitution,
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Tajuasenduse uuringu tulemused
on olnud väga lootustandvad,
on olnud väga lootustandvad,
14:05
but what we've been thinking a lot about
is sensory addition.
is sensory addition.
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kuid me oleme ka pikalt
mõelnud tajulisanduse teemal.
mõelnud tajulisanduse teemal.
14:09
How could we use a technology like this
to add a completely new kind of sense,
to add a completely new kind of sense,
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Kuidas me saaks kasutada sarnast
tehnoloogiat täiesti uue meele loomiseks
tehnoloogiat täiesti uue meele loomiseks
14:14
to expand the human umvelt?
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ja inimese omailma laiendamiseks?
14:17
For example, could we feed
real-time data from the Internet
real-time data from the Internet
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Näiteks kas internetist oleks võimalik
infot otse inimese ajju suunata
infot otse inimese ajju suunata
14:22
directly into somebody's brain,
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14:24
and can they develop a direct
perceptual experience?
perceptual experience?
244
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ja kas selle abil saaks
luua otsese tajukogemuse?
luua otsese tajukogemuse?
Nüüd näete ühte katsetust,
mida me laboris teeme.
mida me laboris teeme.
14:27
So here's an experiment
we're doing in the lab.
we're doing in the lab.
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2537
14:30
A subject is feeling a real-time
streaming feed from the Net of data
streaming feed from the Net of data
246
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Katsealusesele antakse reaalajas teavet
14:34
for five seconds.
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täpselt viie sekundi jooksul.
14:36
Then, two buttons appear,
and he has to make a choice.
and he has to make a choice.
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Seejärel ilmuvad kaks nuppu ning
ta peab valiku langetama.
ta peab valiku langetama.
14:39
He doesn't know what's going on.
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Ta ei saa täpselt aru, mis toimub.
14:41
He makes a choice,
and he gets feedback after one second.
and he gets feedback after one second.
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Ta teeb valiku ning saab
sekundi pärast tagasisidet.
sekundi pärast tagasisidet.
14:43
Now, here's the thing:
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Ja pange tähele,
katsealusel pole aimugi, mida
need mustrid tähendavad,
need mustrid tähendavad,
14:45
The subject has no idea
what all the patterns mean,
what all the patterns mean,
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tahame teada, kas ta õpib aru saama,
millist nuppu tuleb vajutada.
millist nuppu tuleb vajutada.
14:47
but we're seeing if he gets better
at figuring out which button to press.
at figuring out which button to press.
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3671
14:51
He doesn't know that what we're feeding
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Ta ei tea, et anname talle
reaalajas aktsiaturu infot.
reaalajas aktsiaturu infot.
14:53
is real-time data from the stock market,
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3181
14:56
and he's making buy and sell decisions.
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2507
Tema nupuvajutus on kas
ostmise või müümise otsus.
ostmise või müümise otsus.
14:59
(Laughter)
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(Naer)
15:01
And the feedback is telling him
whether he did the right thing or not.
whether he did the right thing or not.
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Tagaside ütleb talle, kas ta
tegi õige või vale otsuse.
tegi õige või vale otsuse.
15:04
And what we're seeing is,
can we expand the human umvelt
can we expand the human umvelt
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See katse peaks näitama,
kas inimese omailma saab laiendada nii,
15:07
so that he comes to have,
after several weeks,
after several weeks,
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et pärast mitmenädalast seadme kasutamist
15:10
a direct perceptual experience
of the economic movements of the planet.
of the economic movements of the planet.
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tekib tal otsene tajukogemus
globaalsetest majandushoovustest.
globaalsetest majandushoovustest.
15:16
So we'll report on that later
to see how well this goes.
to see how well this goes.
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Kindlasti anname teile teada,
kui hästi see katse õnnestus.
kui hästi see katse õnnestus.
15:20
(Laughter)
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(Naer)
15:22
Here's another thing we're doing:
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Tegeleme veel ühe väikese eksperimendiga.
15:24
During the talks this morning,
we've been automatically scraping Twitter
we've been automatically scraping Twitter
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Tänase TEDi ajal oleme
Twitteris filtreerinud
Twitteris filtreerinud
TED2015 teemaviitega postitusi
15:29
for the TED2015 hashtag,
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ja nende põhjal meelestatust analüüsinud,
15:31
and we've been doing
an automated sentiment analysis,
an automated sentiment analysis,
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15:34
which means, are people using positive
words or negative words or neutral?
words or negative words or neutral?
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sõltuvalt sellest, kas rohkem kasutatakse
positiivseid, negatiivseid
või neutraalseid sõnu.
või neutraalseid sõnu.
Ja samal ajal olen ma seda kõike
vesti abil tundnud.
vesti abil tundnud.
15:39
And while this has been going on,
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15:41
I have been feeling this,
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15:44
and so I am plugged in
to the aggregate emotion
to the aggregate emotion
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Niisiis olen ma reaalajas ühendatud
15:48
of thousands of people in real time,
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tuhandete inimeste emotsioonidega
15:52
and that's a new kind of human experience,
because now I can know
because now I can know
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ning see on täiesti uudne inimkogemus,
sest nüüd ma tean, kuidas teil läheb
15:56
how everyone's doing
and how much you're loving this.
and how much you're loving this.
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ja kui väga teile kõigile see meeldib.
16:00
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(Naer)
(Aplaus)
See on rikkalikum kogemus,
kui inimesele tavaliselt osaks saab.
kui inimesele tavaliselt osaks saab.
16:06
It's a bigger experience
than a human can normally have.
than a human can normally have.
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4356
16:11
We're also expanding the umvelt of pilots.
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Me püüame ka pilootide omailma laiendada.
16:14
So in this case, the vest is streaming
nine different measures
nine different measures
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See vest annab juhile
üheksa olulist infokildu
üheksa olulist infokildu
16:18
from this quadcopter,
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taamal lendavast helikopterist
16:20
so pitch and yaw and roll
and orientation and heading,
and orientation and heading,
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Kõrgus-, pöörde- ja kaldtüür ning
suund ja kurss on juhile tuntavad
suund ja kurss on juhile tuntavad
16:23
and that improves
this pilot's ability to fly it.
this pilot's ability to fly it.
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ja see parandab piloodi
võimekust õhusõiduki juhtimisel.
võimekust õhusõiduki juhtimisel.
16:27
It's essentially like he's extending
his skin up there, far away.
his skin up there, far away.
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Põhimõtteliselt on tegu piloodi
tajupikendusega õhuruumis.
tajupikendusega õhuruumis.
Ja see on alles algus.
16:32
And that's just the beginning.
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Meie kujutluses ei ole tuleviku
kokpit täis mõõdikuid.
kokpit täis mõõdikuid.
16:34
What we're envisioning is taking
a modern cockpit full of gauges
a modern cockpit full of gauges
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16:40
and instead of trying
to read the whole thing, you feel it.
to read the whole thing, you feel it.
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Info lugemise asemel
piloot tunneb seda.
piloot tunneb seda.
16:44
We live in a world of information now,
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Me elame infoajastul
ja on suur vahe,
16:47
and there is a difference
between accessing big data
between accessing big data
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kas inimene peab infot jälgima
16:51
and experiencing it.
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või ta saab seda vahetult tunnetada.
16:54
So I think there's really no end
to the possibilities
to the possibilities
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3825
Usun, et inimese taju arengul
ei ole mingeid piire.
ei ole mingeid piire.
16:58
on the horizon for human expansion.
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2322
17:00
Just imagine an astronaut
being able to feel
being able to feel
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Kujutage ette kosmonauti,
kes on võimeline tunnetama
kes on võimeline tunnetama
17:05
the overall health
of the International Space Station,
of the International Space Station,
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1013358
3321
rahvusvahelise kosmosejaama
üldist seisundit
üldist seisundit
17:08
or, for that matter, having you feel
the invisible states of your own health,
the invisible states of your own health,
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4876
Või kujutage, et suudate tunnetada
oma tervise nähtamatuid näitajaid,
oma tervise nähtamatuid näitajaid,
17:13
like your blood sugar
and the state of your microbiome,
and the state of your microbiome,
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1021555
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nagu näiteks veresuhkru taset
ja mikrobioomi seisundit.
ja mikrobioomi seisundit.
17:17
or having 360-degree vision
or seeing in infrared or ultraviolet.
or seeing in infrared or ultraviolet.
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Mis tunne oleks näha 360 kraadi ulatuses
ja näha UV- ja infrapunakiirgust.
ja näha UV- ja infrapunakiirgust.
17:23
So the key is this:
As we move into the future,
As we move into the future,
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Põhimõte on selles, et mida
kaugemale me areneme,
kaugemale me areneme,
17:26
we're going to increasingly be able
to choose our own peripheral devices.
to choose our own peripheral devices.
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1034616
4899
seda rohkem saame valida oma tajuseadmeid.
17:31
We no longer have to wait
for Mother Nature's sensory gifts
for Mother Nature's sensory gifts
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3854
Enam pole vaja loota vaid looduse
poolt antud meeltele tema mõõtkavas.
poolt antud meeltele tema mõõtkavas.
17:35
on her timescales,
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1858
17:37
but instead, like any good parent,
she's given us the tools that we need
she's given us the tools that we need
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Nagu iga hea lapsevanem, on loodus
meile andnud vajalikud tööriistad,
meile andnud vajalikud tööriistad,
17:41
to go out and define our own trajectory.
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4133
et me saaksime edasi minna
ja ise oma tee valida.
ja ise oma tee valida.
17:45
So the question now is,
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Nüüd on jäänud vaid üks küsimus.
17:47
how do you want to go out
and experience your universe?
and experience your universe?
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Millise tee me oma maailma
avardamiseks valime?
avardamiseks valime?
17:52
Thank you.
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2043
Tänan teid!
17:54
(Applause)
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8336
(Aplaus)
18:11
Chris Anderson: Can you feel it?
DE: Yeah.
DE: Yeah.
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Chris Anderson: Kas sa tunned seda?
DE: Jah
18:13
Actually, this was the first time
I felt applause on the vest.
I felt applause on the vest.
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3390
Tegelikult nüüd ma tundsingi
aplausi esimest korda vestil.
aplausi esimest korda vestil.
18:16
It's nice. It's like a massage. (Laughter)
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Päris mõnus on, nagu massaaž.
18:19
CA: Twitter's going crazy.
Twitter's going mad.
Twitter's going mad.
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CA: Twitter on hullumas,
inimesed on täiesti pöörased.
inimesed on täiesti pöörased.
18:22
So that stock market experiment.
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Niisiis, see aktsiaturu eksperiment.
18:25
This could be the first experiment
that secures its funding forevermore,
that secures its funding forevermore,
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See on ehk esimene eksperiment,
mille rahastusega probleeme ei teki,
mille rahastusega probleeme ei teki,
18:29
right, if successful?
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1995
on mul õigus?
18:31
DE: Well, that's right, I wouldn't
have to write to NIH anymore.
have to write to NIH anymore.
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3152
DE: Tõsi, ma ei peaks enam kirjutama
taotlusi Riiklikule Terviseinstituudile
taotlusi Riiklikule Terviseinstituudile
18:34
CA: Well look, just to be
skeptical for a minute,
skeptical for a minute,
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CA: Oleme hetkeks skeptilised.
18:37
I mean, this is amazing,
but isn't most of the evidence so far
but isn't most of the evidence so far
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3170
Kõik see on täiesti vapustav,
kuid kas katsed ei näita mitte,
kuid kas katsed ei näita mitte,
18:40
that sensory substitution works,
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2347
et tajuasendus töötab küll,
18:43
not necessarily
that sensory addition works?
that sensory addition works?
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2107
kuid tajulisandus ei pruugi töötada?
18:45
I mean, isn't it possible that the
blind person can see through their tongue
blind person can see through their tongue
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1113156
3637
Kas ei ole võimalik, et pime suudab
keelega näha seepärast,
keelega näha seepärast,
18:48
because the visual cortex is still there,
ready to process,
ready to process,
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et nende nägemiskeskus ajukoores
on tegelikult olemas ja töökorras
on tegelikult olemas ja töökorras
18:53
and that that is needed as part of it?
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ning see on tajumiseks hädavajalik?
18:55
DE: That's a great question.
We actually have no idea
We actually have no idea
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DE: Suurepärane küsimus.
Tegelikult me ei tea, mis piirid
ajus info vastuvõtmisel on.
ajus info vastuvõtmisel on.
18:58
what the theoretical limits are of what
kind of data the brain can take in.
kind of data the brain can take in.
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3896
19:02
The general story, though,
is that it's extraordinarily flexible.
is that it's extraordinarily flexible.
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Üldiselt aga on aju väga paindlik.
19:05
So when a person goes blind,
what we used to call their visual cortex
what we used to call their visual cortex
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3805
Kui inimene jääb pimedaks, siis see osa
ajukoorest, kus oli nägemiskeskus
ajukoorest, kus oli nägemiskeskus
19:09
gets taken over by other things,
by touch, by hearing, by vocabulary.
by touch, by hearing, by vocabulary.
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5058
võetakse üle kompamise, kuulmise,
kõnelemise ja muu poolt.
kõnelemise ja muu poolt.
19:14
So what that tells us is that
the cortex is kind of a one-trick pony.
the cortex is kind of a one-trick pony.
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4062
See näitab, et ajukoore osadel
ei ole spetsiifilist funktsiooni.
ei ole spetsiifilist funktsiooni.
19:18
It just runs certain kinds
of computations on things.
of computations on things.
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Ta juhib lihtsalt teatud info töötlemist.
19:20
And when we look around
at things like braille, for example,
at things like braille, for example,
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3101
Ja kui me uurime näiteks
punktkirja lugemist,
punktkirja lugemist,
19:24
people are getting information
through bumps on their fingers.
through bumps on their fingers.
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1152076
3089
siis me näeme, et inimene võib
infot saada ka sõrmeotste kaudu.
infot saada ka sõrmeotste kaudu.
19:27
So I don't thing we have any reason
to think there's a theoretical limit
to think there's a theoretical limit
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Seega ma ei usu, et eksisteeriks
mingisugune teoreetiline piir
mingisugune teoreetiline piir
19:30
that we know the edge of.
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mida saaksime täpselt määratleda.
19:33
CA: If this checks out,
you're going to be deluged.
you're going to be deluged.
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CA: Kui see kõik tõsi on, siis jätkub
teil tööd väga pikaks ajaks.
teil tööd väga pikaks ajaks.
19:36
There are so many
possible applications for this.
possible applications for this.
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1164508
3251
Taolisele tehnoloogiale leidub
tohutult palju väljundeid.
tohutult palju väljundeid.
19:39
Are you ready for this? What are you most
excited about, the direction it might go?
excited about, the direction it might go?
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1167759
3931
Kas olete selleks valmis?
Milline suund on teile kõige huvitavam?
19:43
DE: I mean, I think there's
a lot of applications here.
a lot of applications here.
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2577
DE: Muidugi, siin on mitmeid
võimalikke rakendusi.
võimalikke rakendusi.
19:46
In terms of beyond sensory substitution,
the things I started mentioning
the things I started mentioning
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1174267
3448
Rääkides tajuasendusest, siis mainisin
enne põgusalt kosmonaute kosmosejaamades,
enne põgusalt kosmonaute kosmosejaamades,
19:49
about astronauts on the space station,
they spend a lot of their time
they spend a lot of their time
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4370
kes kulutavad palju aega
seadmeid jälgides,
seadmeid jälgides,
19:54
monitoring things, and they could instead
just get what's going on,
just get what's going on,
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3219
kuigi nad võiksid lihtsalt
tunnetada jaamas toimuvat.
tunnetada jaamas toimuvat.
19:57
because what this is really good for
is multidimensional data.
is multidimensional data.
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1185304
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See seade on suurepärane
mitmemõõtmelise teabe tarbeks.
mitmemõõtmelise teabe tarbeks.
20:00
The key is this: Our visual systems
are good at detecting blobs and edges,
are good at detecting blobs and edges,
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1188764
4783
Meie nägemismeel on mõeldud
vaid tähtsaima hoomamiseks,
vaid tähtsaima hoomamiseks,
20:05
but they're really bad
at what our world has become,
at what our world has become,
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1193547
2448
kuid on vähetõhus tänapäeva maailmas,
20:07
which is screens
with lots and lots of data.
with lots and lots of data.
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2187
kus on tohutul hulgal ekraane ja infot.
20:10
We have to crawl that
with our attentional systems.
with our attentional systems.
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2403
Me peame need seadmed
oma tajuga ühendama.
oma tajuga ühendama.
20:12
So this is a way of just
feeling the state of something,
feeling the state of something,
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2670
See oleks võimalus seisukorra
tunnetamiseks samamoodi,
tunnetamiseks samamoodi,
20:15
just like the way you know the state
of your body as you're standing around.
of your body as you're standing around.
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3594
nagu tunnetatakse oma keha.
Rasketehnika, tööohutus,
20:18
So I think heavy machinery, safety,
feeling the state of a factory,
feeling the state of a factory,
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3179
tootmise ja tehnika seisundi
seire on valdkonnad,
seire on valdkonnad,
20:22
of your equipment, that's one place
it'll go right away.
it'll go right away.
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3064
kus see seade kiiresti rakenduse leiaks.
20:25
CA: David Eagleman, that was one
mind-blowing talk. Thank you very much.
mind-blowing talk. Thank you very much.
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CA: David Eagleman, see oli tõesti
erakordne kõne, suur aitäh!
erakordne kõne, suur aitäh!
Aitäh sulle, Chris.
20:28
DE: Thank you, Chris.
(Applause)
(Applause)
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(Aplaus)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Eagleman - NeuroscientistDavid Eagleman decodes the mysteries of the tangled web of neurons and electricity that make our minds tick -- and also make us human.
Why you should listen
As the creator of stacks of compelling research, books and now the 6-part PBS series The Brain, grey matter expert David Eagleman is our most visible evangelist for neuroscience. He has helmed ground-breaking studies on time perception, brain plasticity and neurolaw. His latest research explores technology that bypasses sensory impairment -- such as a smartphone-controlled vest that translates sound into patterns of vibration for the deaf.
Eagleman is also the author of Sum, an internationally bestselling short story collection speculating on life, death and what it means to be human. Translated into 28 languages, Sum has been turned into two separate operas at the Sydney Opera House and the Royal Opera House in London.
David Eagleman | Speaker | TED.com