TED@IBM
Eric Berridge: Why tech needs the humanities
Eric Berridge: Zašto su tehnologiji potrebne humanističke znanosti
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"Ako želite izgraditi tim domišljatih rješavatelja problema, trebali biste cijeniti humanistiku podjednako kao i znanosti", tvrdi poduzetnik Eric Berridge. On u svom govoru pojašnjava zašto tehnološke tvrtke ne bi trebale gledati samo na studente sa STEM područja kao moguće zaposlenike, te kako ljudi iz područja umjetnosti i humanističkih znanosti mogu pridonijeti kretivnosti te dati uvid u tehnološka radna mjesta.
Eric Berridge - Entrepreneur
Eric Berridge is an entrepreneurial humanist who believes our society is overly obsessed with STEM. Full bio
Eric Berridge is an entrepreneurial humanist who believes our society is overly obsessed with STEM. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
You've all been in a bar, right?
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Svi ste jednom bili u kafiću, je l' da?
00:14
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
00:16
But have you ever gone to a bar
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No, jeste li ikad otišli u kafić
00:19
and come out with a $200 million business?
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i izašli s ugovorenim poslom
vrijednim 200 milijuna dolara?
vrijednim 200 milijuna dolara?
00:24
That's what happened to us
about 10 years ago.
about 10 years ago.
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To se dogodilo nama prije 10 godina.
00:27
We'd had a terrible day.
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Imali smo grozan dan.
00:30
We had this huge client
that was killing us.
that was killing us.
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Jedan nas je vrlo važan klijent mučio.
00:34
We're a software consulting firm,
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Mi smo tvrtka za softverska rješenja
00:36
and we couldn't find
a very specific programming skill
a very specific programming skill
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i nismo mogli naći vrlo
specifičnu programsku vještinu
specifičnu programsku vještinu
00:39
to help this client deploy
a cutting-edge cloud system.
a cutting-edge cloud system.
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te pomoći klijentu pokrenuti
najsuvremenije rješenje u oblaku.
najsuvremenije rješenje u oblaku.
00:43
We have a bunch of engineers,
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Imamo hrpu inženjera,
00:45
but none of them could please this client.
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ali nijedan nije zadovoljio
potrebe klijenta.
potrebe klijenta.
00:49
And we were about to be fired.
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Bili smo pred otkazom ugovora.
00:51
So we go out to the bar,
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Pa smo otišli u kafić,
00:54
and we're hanging out
with our bartender friend Jeff,
with our bartender friend Jeff,
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tamo smo se družili s našim
prijateljem šankerom Jeffom,
prijateljem šankerom Jeffom,
00:58
and he's doing
what all good bartenders do:
what all good bartenders do:
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a on je učinio što i svaki dobar šanker:
01:00
he's commiserating with us,
making us feel better,
making us feel better,
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suosjećao s nama, tješio nas,
01:03
relating to our pain,
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dijelio našu bol,
01:05
saying, "Hey, these guys
are overblowing it.
are overblowing it.
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govorio: "Ma, ti tipovi pretjeruju.
01:07
Don't worry about it."
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Ne brinite se toliko."
01:08
And finally, he deadpans us and says,
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Na kraju nas on
bezizražajno pogleda i kaže:
bezizražajno pogleda i kaže:
01:11
"Why don't you send me in there?
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"Zašto mene niste tamo poslali?
01:13
I can figure it out."
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Ja to mogu dokučiti."
01:15
So the next morning,
we're hanging out in our team meeting,
we're hanging out in our team meeting,
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Tako da, dok smo sljedeće jutro
sjedili na timskom sastanku,
sjedili na timskom sastanku,
01:19
and we're all a little hazy ...
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svi pomalo mamurni...
01:22
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
01:24
and I half-jokingly throw it out there.
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napola u šali bacio sam ideju.
01:26
I say, "Hey, I mean,
we're about to be fired."
we're about to be fired."
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Kažem im: "Hej, mislim, pred otkazom smo."
01:29
So I say,
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Tako da sam rekao:
01:30
"Why don't we send in
Jeff, the bartender?"
Jeff, the bartender?"
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"Zašto im ne pošaljemo šankera Jeffa?"
01:32
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
01:35
And there's some silence,
some quizzical looks.
some quizzical looks.
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Uslijedio je tajac,
nekoliko podignutih obrva.
nekoliko podignutih obrva.
01:39
Finally, my chief of staff says,
"That is a great idea."
"That is a great idea."
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Konačno, moj šef osoblja kaže:
"To je odlična ideja."
"To je odlična ideja."
01:43
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
01:45
"Jeff is wicked smart. He's brilliant.
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"Jeff je opako pametan. Briljantan je.
01:48
He'll figure it out.
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Snaći će se on.
01:50
Let's send him in there."
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Poslat ćemo ga klijentu."
01:52
Now, Jeff was not a programmer.
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Dakle, Jeff nije programer.
01:54
In fact, he had dropped out of Penn
as a philosophy major.
as a philosophy major.
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Zapravo, on je propali student
filozofije sa sveučilišta Penn.
filozofije sa sveučilišta Penn.
01:59
But he was brilliant,
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No, bio je briljantan,
02:01
and he could go deep on topics,
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može ući duboko u temu,
02:04
and we were about to be fired.
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a mi smo bili pred otkazom ugovora.
02:06
So we sent him in.
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Pa smo ga poslali tamo.
02:09
After a couple days of suspense,
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Nakon par dana neizvjesnosti,
02:11
Jeff was still there.
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Jeff je još bio tamo.
02:15
They hadn't sent him home.
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Nisu ga poslali kući.
02:17
I couldn't believe it.
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Nisam mogao vjerovati.
02:19
What was he doing?
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Što je radio?
02:21
Here's what I learned.
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Evo što sam saznao.
02:23
He had completely disarmed
their fixation on the programming skill.
their fixation on the programming skill.
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On je potpuno razoružao njihovu
fiksaciju na programiranje.
fiksaciju na programiranje.
02:29
And he had changed the conversation,
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Promijenio je razgovor,
02:31
even changing what we were building.
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čak je promijenio ono što smo gradili.
02:33
The conversation was now
about what we were going to build and why.
about what we were going to build and why.
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Razgovor se sada vodio o tome
što ćemo izgraditi i zašto.
što ćemo izgraditi i zašto.
02:41
And yes, Jeff figured out
how to program the solution,
how to program the solution,
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I da, Jeff je shvatio
kako programirati rješenje,
kako programirati rješenje,
02:46
and the client became
one of our best references.
one of our best references.
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a klijent je postao jedna od
naših najboljih preporuka.
naših najboljih preporuka.
02:50
Back then, we were 200 people,
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Tada smo u tvrtci imali 200 ljudi,
02:52
and half of our company was made up
of computer science majors or engineers,
of computer science majors or engineers,
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pola tvrtke sastojalo se
od studenata informatike ili inženjera,
od studenata informatike ili inženjera,
02:59
but our experience with Jeff
left us wondering:
left us wondering:
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no, zbog tog događaja
s Jeffom razmišljali smo:
s Jeffom razmišljali smo:
03:02
Could we repeat this through our business?
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Bismo li mogli ponoviti
to kroz daljnje poslovanje?
to kroz daljnje poslovanje?
03:06
So we changed the way
we recruited and trained.
we recruited and trained.
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Tako da smo promijenili način
na koji smo zapošljavali i obučavali.
na koji smo zapošljavali i obučavali.
03:11
And while we still sought after computer
engineers and computer science majors,
engineers and computer science majors,
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Iako smo i dalje tražili
inženjere računarstva i informatičare,
inženjere računarstva i informatičare,
03:17
we sprinkled in artists,
musicians, writers ...
musicians, writers ...
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umiješali smo među njih
umjetnike, glazbenike i pisce.
umjetnike, glazbenike i pisce.
03:24
and Jeff's story started to multiply
itself throughout our company.
itself throughout our company.
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Jeffova priča počela se
širiti diljem tvrtke.
širiti diljem tvrtke.
Naš tehnički direktor završio je
studij engleskog jezika,
studij engleskog jezika,
03:29
Our chief technology officer
is an English major,
is an English major,
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a radio je kao dostavljač
na biciklu na Manhattanu.
na biciklu na Manhattanu.
03:34
and he was a bike messenger in Manhattan.
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Danas se tvrtka sastoji od 1000 ljudi,
03:38
And today, we're a thousand people,
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03:41
yet still less than a hundred have degrees
in computer science or engineering.
in computer science or engineering.
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no, manje od stotinu ima diplome
u informatici ili inženjerstvu.
u informatici ili inženjerstvu.
I da, još uvijek smo tvrtka
za programska rješenja.
za programska rješenja.
03:48
And yes, we're still
a computer consulting firm.
a computer consulting firm.
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03:52
We're the number one player in our market.
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Glavni smo igrač na svojem tržištu.
Radimo s najbrže
rastućim softverskim paketom
rastućim softverskim paketom
03:54
We work with the fastest-growing
software package
software package
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koji je ikad dosegao 10 milijardi
dolara u godišnjoj prodaji.
dolara u godišnjoj prodaji.
03:56
to ever reach 10 billion dollars
in annual sales.
in annual sales.
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04:01
So it's working.
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Dakle, funkcionira.
No, ustrajavanje na obrazovanju
u STEM znanostima u ovoj zemlji...
u STEM znanostima u ovoj zemlji...
04:05
Meanwhile, the push for STEM-based
education in this country --
education in this country --
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04:11
science, technology,
engineering, mathematics --
engineering, mathematics --
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prirodoslovlju, tehnologiji,
inženjerstvu i matematici...
inženjerstvu i matematici...
žestoko je.
04:14
is fierce.
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04:15
It's in all of our faces.
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Odasvud iskaču pred nas.
A to je katastrofalna greška.
04:18
And this is a colossal mistake.
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Od 2009., broj STEM studenata u SAD-u
04:21
Since 2009, STEM majors
in the United States
in the United States
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04:25
have increased by 43 percent,
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porastao je za 43%,
dok je humanistika ostala na istom.
04:28
while the humanities have stayed flat.
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Naš bivši predsjednik
04:30
Our past president
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odvojio je preko milijardu dolara
za obrazovanje u STEM-u
za obrazovanje u STEM-u
04:33
dedicated over a billion dollars
towards STEM education
towards STEM education
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i to nauštrb drugih studija,
04:36
at the expense of other subjects,
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04:39
and our current president
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a naš trenutni predsjednik
04:42
recently redirected 200 million dollars
of Department of Education funding
of Department of Education funding
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nedavno je preusmjerio 200 milijuna dolara
iz proračuna Ministarstva obrazovanja
iz proračuna Ministarstva obrazovanja
u informatiku.
04:47
into computer science.
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04:49
And CEOs are continually complaining
about an engineering-starved workforce.
about an engineering-starved workforce.
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A izvršni se direktori neprestano
žale o nedostatku inženjera za posao.
žale o nedostatku inženjera za posao.
04:57
These campaigns,
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Ove kampanje,
zajedno s neporecivim uspjehom
u tehnološkom gospodarstvu,
u tehnološkom gospodarstvu,
05:00
coupled with the undeniable success
of the tech economy --
of the tech economy --
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05:04
I mean, let's face it,
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mislim, moramo priznati da
05:05
seven out of the 10 most valuable
companies in the world by market cap
companies in the world by market cap
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sedam od deset najbogatijih
tvrtki na svijetu po udjelu tržišta,
tvrtki na svijetu po udjelu tržišta,
tehnološke su tvrtke.
05:10
are technology firms --
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05:13
these things create an assumption
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Takve stvari stvaraju pretpostavku
da će u našoj budućoj
radnoj snazi dominirati STEM.
radnoj snazi dominirati STEM.
05:16
that the path of our future workforce
will be dominated by STEM.
will be dominated by STEM.
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Shvaćam.
05:24
I get it.
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05:26
On paper, it makes sense.
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Na papiru ima smisla.
Primamljivo je.
05:29
It's tempting.
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No, potpuno pretjerano.
05:33
But it's totally overblown.
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05:35
It's like, the entire soccer team
chases the ball into the corner,
chases the ball into the corner,
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Kao da cijeli nogometni tim
juri za loptom u kutu,
juri za loptom u kutu,
05:41
because that's where the ball is.
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jer se tamo lopta nalazi.
05:44
We shouldn't overvalue STEM.
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Ne bismo trebali precjenjivati STEM.
05:48
We shouldn't value the sciences
any more than we value the humanities.
any more than we value the humanities.
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Ne bismo trebali cijeniti znanosti
ništa više nego humanistiku.
ništa više nego humanistiku.
Postoji nekoliko razloga.
05:52
And there are a couple of reasons.
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05:55
Number one, today's technologies
are incredibly intuitive.
are incredibly intuitive.
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Kao prvo, današnje tehnologije
iznimno su intuitivne.
iznimno su intuitivne.
Razlog zašto smo mogli
zaposliti ljude iz svih disciplina
zaposliti ljude iz svih disciplina
06:01
The reason we've been able
to recruit from all disciplines
to recruit from all disciplines
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06:05
and swivel into specialized skills
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i okrenuti se specijaliziranim vještinama,
06:08
is because modern systems
can be manipulated without writing code.
can be manipulated without writing code.
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je zato što se suvremenim sustavima
može upravljati bez pisanja koda.
može upravljati bez pisanja koda.
06:13
They're like LEGO: easy to put together,
easy to learn, even easy to program,
easy to learn, even easy to program,
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Poput legića su - lako se slažu zajedno,
lako uče, čak ih je lako i programirati,
lako uče, čak ih je lako i programirati,
06:19
given the vast amounts of information
that are available for learning.
that are available for learning.
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s obzirom na goleme količine
informacija dostupnih za učenje.
informacija dostupnih za učenje.
Da, našoj radnoj snazi trebaju
specijalizirane vještine,
specijalizirane vještine,
06:23
Yes, our workforce
needs specialized skill,
needs specialized skill,
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06:27
but that skill requires a far less
rigorous and formalized education
rigorous and formalized education
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no, te vještine zahtijevaju dosta
manje strogog i formalnog obrazovanja
manje strogog i formalnog obrazovanja
nego u prošlosti.
06:32
than it did in the past.
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06:34
Number two, the skills
that are imperative and differentiated
that are imperative and differentiated
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Kao drugo, vještine koje
su vodeće i diferencirane
su vodeće i diferencirane
u svijetu intuitivne tehnologije
06:40
in a world with intuitive technology
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su vještine koje nam pomažu
da radimo zajedno kao ljudi,
da radimo zajedno kao ljudi,
06:43
are the skills that help us
to work together as humans,
to work together as humans,
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06:49
where the hard work
is envisioning the end product
is envisioning the end product
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gdje je težak posao
zamisliti konačan proizvod
zamisliti konačan proizvod
i njegovu korisnost,
06:54
and its usefulness,
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06:55
which requires real-world experience
and judgment and historical context.
and judgment and historical context.
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koja zahtijeva iskustvo, prosudbu
i povijesni kontekst iz stvarnog svijeta.
i povijesni kontekst iz stvarnog svijeta.
07:03
What Jeff's story taught us
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Ono što nas je Jeffova priča naučila
07:05
is that the customer
was focused on the wrong thing.
was focused on the wrong thing.
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je da se klijent fokusirao na krivu stvar.
To je klasični slučaj:
07:10
It's the classic case:
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informatičar se muči komunicirati
s poslovnim i krajnjim korisnikom,
s poslovnim i krajnjim korisnikom,
07:12
the technologist struggling to communicate
with the business and the end user,
with the business and the end user,
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07:16
and the business failing
to articulate their needs.
to articulate their needs.
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a poslovanje ne uspijeva
izraziti svoje potrebe.
izraziti svoje potrebe.
Vidim to svakog dana.
07:22
I see it every day.
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Tek smo zagrebali površinu
07:25
We are scratching the surface
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07:27
in our ability as humans
to communicate and invent together,
to communicate and invent together,
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u našim zajedničkim sposobnostima
komunikacije i izuma.
komunikacije i izuma.
07:32
and while the sciences teach us
how to build things,
how to build things,
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Dok nas znanosti uče kako graditi stvari,
humanistika je ta koja nas uči
što i zašto graditi.
što i zašto graditi.
07:36
it's the humanities that teach us
what to build and why to build them.
what to build and why to build them.
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07:43
And they're equally as important,
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Podjednako su važni
i podjednako teški.
07:46
and they're just as hard.
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Smeta me
07:50
It irks me ...
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kad čujem ljude da govore o
humanistici kao o lošijem putu,
humanistici kao o lošijem putu,
07:54
when I hear people
treat the humanities as a lesser path,
treat the humanities as a lesser path,
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lakšem putu.
08:00
as the easier path.
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08:01
Come on!
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Ma dajte!
Humanistika je dala
kontekst našem svijetu.
kontekst našem svijetu.
08:04
The humanities give us
the context of our world.
the context of our world.
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08:10
They teach us how to think critically.
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Uči nas kako kritički razmišljati.
Svrhovno je nestrukturirana,
08:14
They are purposely unstructured,
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08:16
while the sciences
are purposely structured.
are purposely structured.
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dok su znanosti svrhovno strukturirane.
08:19
They teach us to persuade,
they give us our language,
they give us our language,
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Uči nas kako uvjeravati.
Dale su nam jezik
Dale su nam jezik
08:23
which we use to convert our emotions
to thought and action.
to thought and action.
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koji koristimo da bismo svoje osjećaje
pretvorili su misao i djelovanje.
pretvorili su misao i djelovanje.
I ona mora biti na istoj
razini sa znanostima.
razini sa znanostima.
08:32
And they need to be
on equal footing with the sciences.
on equal footing with the sciences.
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08:36
And yes, you can hire a bunch of artists
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I da, možete unajmiti hrpu umjetnika
i osnovati tehnološku tvrtku
08:40
and build a tech company
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te imati nevjerojatne rezultate.
08:43
and have an incredible outcome.
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No, ja nisam danas ovdje
da vam govorim kako je STEM loš.
da vam govorim kako je STEM loš.
08:46
Now, I'm not here today
to tell you that STEM's bad.
to tell you that STEM's bad.
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Nisam ovdje danas da vam kažem
kako cure ne bi trebale kodirati.
kako cure ne bi trebale kodirati.
08:52
I'm not here today
to tell you that girls shouldn't code.
to tell you that girls shouldn't code.
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(Smijeh)
08:57
(Laughter)
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Molim vas.
08:58
Please.
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09:00
And that next bridge I drive over
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A taj sljedeći most koji ću prijeći
09:02
or that next elevator we all jump into --
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ili to sljedeće dizalo u
koje ćemo svi uskočiti,
koje ćemo svi uskočiti,
09:07
let's make sure
there's an engineer behind it.
there's an engineer behind it.
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potrudimo se da postoji inženjer iza njih.
09:09
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
09:14
But to fall into this paranoia
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No, upasti u tu paranoju
da će našim budućim poslovima
dominirati STEM,
dominirati STEM,
09:17
that our future jobs
will be dominated by STEM,
will be dominated by STEM,
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09:22
that's just folly.
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to je jednostavno glupost.
Ako imate prijatelje,
djecu, rođake, unuke,
djecu, rođake, unuke,
09:24
If you have friends or kids
or relatives or grandchildren
or relatives or grandchildren
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09:28
or nieces or nephews ...
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nećakinje ili nećake...
ohrabrite ih da budu što god žele biti.
09:30
encourage them to be
whatever they want to be.
whatever they want to be.
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(Pljesak)
09:34
(Applause)
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09:41
The jobs will be there.
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Poslova će biti.
Ti tehnološki izvršni direktori,
09:45
Those tech CEOs
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09:48
that are clamoring for STEM grads,
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koji galame za studentima STEM-a,
znate li za koga zapošljavaju?
09:51
you know what they're hiring for?
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Za Google, Apple, Facebook.
09:54
Google, Apple, Facebook.
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65% njihovih oglasa za posao
09:57
Sixty-five percent
of their open job opportunities
of their open job opportunities
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nisu tehnološki:
10:01
are non-technical:
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marketing, dizajn, projektni ili
programni menadžment,
programni menadžment,
10:03
marketers, designers,
project managers, program managers,
project managers, program managers,
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menadžment proizvoda, odvjetnici,
stručnjaci za ljudske resurse,
stručnjaci za ljudske resurse,
10:08
product managers, lawyers, HR specialists,
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treneri, prodavači, kupci i tako dalje.
10:12
trainers, coaches, sellers,
buyers, on and on.
buyers, on and on.
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10:15
These are the jobs they're hiring for.
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To su poslovi za koje oni zapošljavaju.
10:20
And if there's one thing
that our future workforce needs --
that our future workforce needs --
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I ako postoji jedna stvar koju
naša buduća radna snaga treba,
naša buduća radna snaga treba,
mislim da se svi možemo složiti oko toga,
10:26
and I think we can all agree on this --
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10:29
it's diversity.
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je raznolikost.
10:31
But that diversity shouldn't end
with gender or race.
with gender or race.
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No, ta raznolikost se ne bi trebala
svoditi samo na spol ili rasu.
svoditi samo na spol ili rasu.
Trebamo raznolikost obrazovanja
10:35
We need a diversity of backgrounds
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i vještina,
10:39
and skills,
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10:42
with introverts and extroverts
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s introvertima i ekstrovertima,
vođama i sljedbenicima.
10:45
and leaders and followers.
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10:48
That is our future workforce.
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To je naša buduća radna snaga.
10:51
And the fact that the technology
is getting easier and more accessible
is getting easier and more accessible
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Činjenica da tehnologija
postaje sve lakša i pristupačnija,
postaje sve lakša i pristupačnija,
daje toj radnoj snazi slobodu
10:57
frees that workforce up
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10:59
to study whatever they damn well please.
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da studira što god poželi.
Hvala vam.
11:03
Thank you.
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11:04
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Eric Berridge - EntrepreneurEric Berridge is an entrepreneurial humanist who believes our society is overly obsessed with STEM.
Why you should listen
As the co-founder of global consulting agency and Salesforce strategic partner Bluewolf, an IBM Company, Eric Berridge has applied his passion for the humanities over the past 17 years to pioneer a cloud consulting practice with less than 10 percent of employees holding engineering or computer science degrees. The way he sees it, as technology becomes easier to use and build, the humanities offer skills that are becoming increasingly valuable to the success of business everywhere. And today’s AI-driven discussion holds the key to freeing the human condition to be balanced, healthy, creative and productive.
Eric Berridge | Speaker | TED.com