ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mehdi Ordikhani-Seyedlar - Neuroscientist
Mehdi Ordikhani-Seyedlar is a computational neuroscientist, researching brain signals and their usage in brain-machine interfaces.

Why you should listen

Mehdi Ordikhani-Seyedlar is a research scientist interested in brain-wave patterns generated by neural activities in the brain. Since embarking on his research on neuroscience, Ordikhani-Seyedlar has been working on different brain functions such as learning, memory, pain and, more recently, visual attention in humans. He also conducted a part of his research on monkeys when he was in Dr. Miguel Nicolelis' lab at Duke University. His findings help implement more accurate brain-machine interfaces to treat people who are suffering from attention deficiency.

After receiving his Ph.D  in Biomedical Engineering, Ordikhani-Seyedlar was offered a postdoctoral position by Duke University to develop algorithms to process large-scale neuronal activity and brain-machine interfaces. However, due to political complications in the United States, Ordikhani-Seyedlar -- an Iranian citizen -- changed his plan to continue his brain research outside the US for some time.

As a passionate neuroscientist and neuroengineer, Ordikhani-Seyedlar's aim is to improve brain pattern detectability in computers. This enhances the ability of brain-machine interfaces substantially to better target the defected brain function which in turn enhances the sustainability of treatment effect.

More profile about the speaker
Mehdi Ordikhani-Seyedlar | Speaker | TED.com
TED2017

Mehdi Ordikhani-Seyedlar: What happens in your brain when you pay attention?

Mehdi Ordikhani-Seyedlar: Što se dogodi u vašem mozgu kada obratite pažnju?

Filmed:
3,083,456 views

Pažnja nije samo nešto na što se fokusiramo, to je također ono što mozak isfiltrira. Istraživajući obrasce u mozgu dok se ljud pokušavaju fokusirati, računalni neuroznanstvenik Mehdi Ordikhani-Seyedlar se nada da će približiti mozak i kompjuter. gradeći modele koji će pomoći izliječiti ADHD i pomoći onima koji su izgubili mogućnost komuniciranja. Poslušajte više o tome u ovom kratkom, zanimljivom govoru.
- Neuroscientist
Mehdi Ordikhani-Seyedlar is a computational neuroscientist, researching brain signals and their usage in brain-machine interfaces. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
PayingPlaćanje closeblizu attentionpažnja to something:
0
760
2480
Obratiti pažnju na nešto;
00:15
Not that easylako, is it?
1
3280
1240
nije jednostavno, zar ne?
00:17
It's because our attentionpažnja is pulledizvukao
in so manymnogi differentdrugačiji directionssmjerovi at a time,
2
5520
5016
To je zato što našu pažnju u isto
vrijeme odvlače različite stvari,
00:22
and it's in factčinjenica prettyprilično impressiveimpresivan
if you can stayboravak focusedusmjerena.
3
10560
4080
i zapravo je fascinantno što
možete ostati fokusirani.
00:28
ManyMnogi people think that attentionpažnja
is all about what we are focusingfokusiranje on,
4
16360
4056
Mnogu ljudi misle da je za pažnju
bitno na što se fokusiramo,
00:32
but it's alsotakođer about what informationinformacija
our brainmozak is tryingtežak to filterfilter out.
5
20440
4800
ali bitno je i koje informacije
mozak pokušava filtrirati.
00:38
There are two waysnačine
you directdirektno your attentionpažnja.
6
26320
2720
Postoje dva načina da
obratite pažnju.
00:41
First, there's overtotvoren attentionpažnja.
7
29600
1560
Prvi je očita pažnja.
00:43
In overtotvoren attentionpažnja,
you movepotez your eyesoči towardsza something
8
31640
4136
U očitoj pažnji, pokrećete
oči prema nečemu
00:47
in ordernarudžba to payplatiti attentionpažnja to it.
9
35800
1560
kako bi obratili pažnju.
00:50
Then there's coverttajno attentionpažnja.
10
38360
1976
Postoji i prikrivena pažnja.
00:52
In coverttajno attentionpažnja,
you payplatiti attentionpažnja to something,
11
40360
4016
U prikrivenoj pažnji, obraćate
pažnju na nešto
00:56
but withoutbez movingkreće your eyesoči.
12
44400
1560
ali bez pokretanja očiju.
00:59
Think of drivingvožnja for a seconddrugi.
13
47040
1640
Dobar primjer je vožnja.
01:02
Your overtotvoren attentionpažnja,
your directionsmjer of the eyesoči,
14
50960
3016
Očita pažnja, smjer pogleda,
01:06
are in frontispred,
15
54000
1656
je naprijed,
01:07
but that's your coverttajno attentionpažnja
16
55680
1776
ali je vaša prikrivena pažnja ta
01:09
whichkoji is constantlykonstantno scanningskeniranje
the surroundingokolni areapodručje,
17
57480
3080
koja konstantno pregledava okolinu,
01:13
where you don't actuallyzapravo look at them.
18
61600
1880
dok ne gledate u nju.
01:17
I'm a computationalračunalna neuroscientistneuroznanstvenik,
19
65519
1937
Ja sam računalni neuroznanstvenik,
01:19
and I work on cognitivespoznajni
brain-machinemozak-stroj interfacessučelja,
20
67480
3096
i radim na kognitivnim
mozak-mašina sučeljima,
01:22
or bringingdonošenje togetherzajedno
the brainmozak and the computerračunalo.
21
70600
3040
to jest, približavam mozak i računalo.
01:26
I love brainmozak patternsobrasci.
22
74720
1600
Volim obrasce mozga.
01:28
BrainMozak patternsobrasci are importantvažno for us
23
76720
1696
Obrasci mozga su bitni za nas
01:30
because basedzasnovan on them
we can buildizgraditi modelsmodeli for the computersračunala,
24
78440
3496
jer na temelju njih možemo
sagraditi modele za računala,
01:33
and basedzasnovan on these modelsmodeli
25
81960
1416
i na temelju tih modela
01:35
computersračunala can recognizeprepoznati
how well our brainmozak functionsfunkcije.
26
83400
4216
računalo može prepoznati
koliko dobro naš mozak radi.
01:39
And if it doesn't functionfunkcija well,
27
87640
1600
I ako ne radi dobro,
01:42
then these computersračunala themselvesse
can be used as assistivepomoćne devicesuređaji
28
90080
3920
sama računala mogu se
koristiti za ocjenu stanja
01:46
for therapiesterapije.
29
94760
1200
u terapiji.
01:48
But that alsotakođer meanssredstva something,
30
96480
1640
Ali to znači da ako
01:51
because choosingOdabir the wrongpogrešno patternsobrasci
31
99360
2496
odaberemo pogrešne obrasce,
01:53
will give us the wrongpogrešno modelsmodeli
32
101880
1896
dobit ćemo pogrešne modele
01:55
and thereforestoga the wrongpogrešno therapiesterapije.
33
103800
1656
i time pogrešnu terapiju.
01:57
Right?
34
105480
1200
Zar ne?
01:59
In casespis of attentionpažnja,
35
107640
1656
U slučaju pažnje,
02:01
the factčinjenica that we can
36
109320
1280
činjenica da možemo
02:03
shiftsmjena our attentionpažnja not only by our eyesoči
37
111800
3496
promjeniti našu patnju ne samo očima
02:07
but alsotakođer by thinkingmišljenje --
38
115320
1320
već i samim mišljenjem --
02:09
that makesmarke coverttajno attentionpažnja
an interestingzanimljiv modelmodel for computersračunala.
39
117440
4080
to čini prikrivenu pažnju
zanimljivim modelom za računala.
02:14
So I wanted to know
what are the brainwavemoždanih valova patternsobrasci
40
122280
3456
Htio sam znati koji su obrasci
moždanih valova
02:17
when you look overtlyotvoreno
or when you look covertlyprikriveno.
41
125760
3680
kada se radi o očitoj
ili prikrivenoj pažnji.
02:22
I setset up an experimenteksperiment for that.
42
130440
1760
Postavio sam za to eksperiment.
02:24
In this experimenteksperiment
there are two flickeringtitranje squarestrgovi,
43
132960
2736
U eksperimentu postoje dva
trepteća kvadrata,
02:27
one of them flickeringtitranje
at a slowersporije ratestopa than the other one.
44
135720
3360
jedan treperi sporije od drugog.
02:32
DependingOvisno o on whichkoji of these flickerstitra
you are payingplaćati attentionpažnja to,
45
140600
3816
ovisno o tome na koji se obrati pažnja,
02:36
certainsiguran partsdijelovi of your brainmozak
will startpočetak resonatingGdje su još živa in the sameisti ratestopa
46
144440
3960
određeni dijelovi mozga
počinju rezonirati istom frekvencijom
02:41
as that flickeringtitranje ratestopa.
47
149200
1440
kojom kvadrat treperi.
02:44
So by analyzingAnalizirajući your brainmozak signalssignali,
48
152000
2936
Analizirajući vaše signale u mozgu,
02:46
we can trackstaza where exactlytočno
you are watchinggledanje
49
154960
3040
možemo pratiti gdje točno gledate
02:50
or you are payingplaćati attentionpažnja to.
50
158760
1560
ili na što obraćate pažnju.
02:55
So to see what happensdogađa se in your brainmozak
when you payplatiti overtotvoren attentionpažnja,
51
163000
4216
Da vidite što se dešava u vašem mozgu
kada se služite očitom pažnjom,
02:59
I askedpitao people to look directlydirektno
in one of the squarestrgovi
52
167240
3256
pitao sam ljude da gledaju
u jedan od kvadrata
03:02
and payplatiti attentionpažnja to it.
53
170520
1280
i obrate pažnju na njega.
03:04
In this casespis, not surprisinglyiznenađujuče,
we saw that these flickeringtitranje squarestrgovi
54
172760
5296
U tom slučaju, očekivano, vidjeli
smo da su se ovi trepteći pravokutnici
03:10
appearedpojavio se in theirnjihov brainmozak signalssignali
55
178080
1936
pojavili u signalima mozga
03:12
whichkoji was comingdolazak
from the back of theirnjihov headglava,
56
180040
2360
koji dolaze iz stražnjeg dijela glave,
03:15
whichkoji is responsibleodgovoran for the processingobrada
of your visualvidni informationinformacija.
57
183560
3400
koji obrađuje vidne informacije.
03:20
But I was really interestedzainteresiran
58
188280
2336
Ali mene je zanimalo
03:22
to see what happensdogađa se in your brainmozak
when you payplatiti coverttajno attentionpažnja.
59
190640
3160
što se desi kada obraćamo
prikrivenu pažnju.
03:26
So this time I askedpitao people
to look in the middlesrednji of the screenzaslon
60
194480
3896
Ovaj put sam pitao ljude
da gledaju u sredinu monitora
03:30
and withoutbez movingkreće theirnjihov eyesoči,
61
198400
1880
i bez pomjeranja očiju
03:33
to payplatiti attentionpažnja
to eitherili of these squarestrgovi.
62
201120
2720
obrate pažnju na kvadrate.
03:37
When we did that,
63
205120
1616
Kad smo to napravili,
03:38
we saw that bothoba of these flickeringtitranje ratesstope
appearedpojavio se in theirnjihov brainmozak signalssignali,
64
206760
3936
vidjeli smo obje frekvencije titranja u
signalima u mozgu,
03:42
but interestinglyzanimljivo,
65
210720
1200
ali zanimljivo,
03:44
only one of them,
whichkoji was paidplaćen attentionpažnja to,
66
212640
3536
jedna od njih, na koju je
osoba obraćala pažnju,
03:48
had strongerjači signalssignali,
67
216200
1656
imala je jače signale,
03:49
so there was something in the brainmozak
68
217880
2256
što znači da postoji nešto u mozgu
03:52
whichkoji was handlingrukovanje this informationinformacija
69
220160
2536
što obrađuje ove informacije
03:54
so that thing in the brainmozak was basicallyu osnovi
the activationAktivacija of the frontalfrontalni areapodručje.
70
222720
6200
i to je zapravo bila
aktivacija čeone regije
04:02
The frontispred partdio of your brainmozak
is responsibleodgovoran
71
230440
2976
Čeona regija mozga odgovorna je za
04:05
for higherviši cognitivespoznajni functionsfunkcije as a humanljudski.
72
233440
2880
više kognitivne funkcije kod ljudi.
04:09
The frontalfrontalni partdio,
it seemsčini se that it worksdjela as a filterfilter
73
237160
4440
Čeoni režanj izgleda
funkcionira kao filter
04:14
tryingtežak to let informationinformacija come in
only from the right flickertitranje
74
242640
4376
pokušavajući pustiti informacije samo
iz onog kvadrata
04:19
that you are payingplaćati attentionpažnja to
75
247040
1640
na koji obraćate pažnju,
04:21
and tryingtežak to inhibitspriječiti the informationinformacija
comingdolazak from the ignoredzanemarena one.
76
249400
3960
i pokušavajući inhibirati informacije
iz ignoriranog kvadrata.
04:27
The filteringfiltriranje abilitysposobnost of the brainmozak
is indeeddoista a keyključ for attentionpažnja,
77
255400
5296
Mogućnost filtracije mozga
je ključ pažnje
04:32
whichkoji is missingnedostaje in some people,
78
260720
2776
koji nedostaje u nekih ljudi,
04:35
for exampleprimjer in people with ADHDADHD.
79
263520
2480
na primjer ljudi s ADHD-om.
04:38
So a personosoba with ADHDADHD
cannotNe možete inhibitspriječiti these distractorsdistraktora,
80
266640
5016
Ljudi s ADHD-om ne mogu
inhibirati distrakciju
04:43
and that's why they can't focusfokus
for a long time on a singlesingl taskzadatak.
81
271680
4760
i zato se ne mogu fokusirati
dugo na jedan zadatak.
04:49
But what if this personosoba
82
277600
1536
Ali što ako ova osoba
04:51
could playigrati a specificspecifično computerračunalo gameigra
83
279160
3536
može igrati određenu računalnu igru
04:54
with his brainmozak connectedpovezan to the computerračunalo,
84
282720
2880
dok je mozak spojen na računalo,
04:58
and then trainvlak his ownvlastiti brainmozak
85
286440
2120
i tako naučiti mozak
05:01
to inhibitspriječiti these distractorsdistraktora?
86
289360
2440
da inhibira te distrakcije?
05:05
Well, ADHDADHD is just one exampleprimjer.
87
293680
2480
ADHD je samo jedan primjer.
05:09
We can use these cognitivespoznajni
brain-machinemozak-stroj interfacessučelja
88
297200
3256
Možemo koristiti ova kognitivna
mozak-mašina sučelja
05:12
for manymnogi other cognitivespoznajni fieldspolja.
89
300480
2200
za razna kognitivna polja.
05:15
It was just a fewnekoliko yearsgodina agoprije
90
303760
1776
Prije nekoliko godina
05:17
that my grandfatherdeda had a strokeudar,
and he lostizgubljen completepotpun abilitysposobnost to speakgovoriti.
91
305560
5720
je moj djed imao moždani udar,
i izgubio mogućnost govora.
05:24
He could understandrazumjeti everybodysvi,
but there was no way to respondodgovarati,
92
312640
3336
Mogao je razumjeti svakoga,
ali nije mogao odgovoriti,
05:28
even not writingpisanje
because he was illiteratenepismen.
93
316000
2480
čak ni napisati, bio je nepismen.
05:32
So he passedprošao away in silencetišina.
94
320000
2520
Umro je u tišini.
05:36
I rememberzapamtiti thinkingmišljenje at that time:
95
324800
2336
Sjećam se da sam tada razmišljao;
05:39
What if we could have a computerračunalo
96
327160
3896
što ako imamo računalo
05:43
whichkoji could speakgovoriti for him?
97
331080
1360
koje govori umjesto njega?
05:45
Now, after yearsgodina that I am in this fieldpolje,
98
333840
2216
Sad, nakon godina u ovom polju znanosti,
05:48
I can see that this mightmoć be possiblemoguće.
99
336080
2320
vidim da je to možda i moguće.
05:52
ImagineZamislite if we can find brainwavemoždanih valova patternsobrasci
100
340240
2856
Zamislite da možete pronaći
moždane valove
05:55
when people think
about imagesslika or even lettersslova,
101
343120
3440
kada ljudi misle o slikama ili slovima,
05:59
like the letterpismo A generatesgenerira
a differentdrugačiji brainwavemoždanih valova patternuzorak
102
347720
2936
na primjer, slovo A stvara
drugačije moždane valove
06:02
than the letterpismo B, and so on.
103
350680
1720
nego slovo B, i tako dalje.
06:04
Could a computerračunalo one day
communicatekomunicirati for people who can't speakgovoriti?
104
352960
3680
Može li računalo jednog dana
komunicirati za ljude koji ne mogu?
06:09
What if a computerračunalo
105
357640
1440
Što ako nam računalo
06:11
can help us understandrazumjeti
the thoughtsmisli of a personosoba in a comaKomu?
106
359960
4560
može pomoći razumjeti
misli osobe u komi?
06:17
We are not there yetjoš,
107
365840
1616
Nismo još došli do toga,
06:19
but payplatiti closeblizu attentionpažnja.
108
367480
2736
ali obratite pažnju.
06:22
We will be there soonuskoro.
109
370240
1696
Bit ćemo tamo ubrzo.
06:23
Thank you.
110
371960
1496
Hvala vam.
06:25
(ApplausePljesak)
111
373480
5632
(Pljesak)
Translated by Senzos Osijek
Reviewed by Ivan Stamenkovic

▲Back to top

ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mehdi Ordikhani-Seyedlar - Neuroscientist
Mehdi Ordikhani-Seyedlar is a computational neuroscientist, researching brain signals and their usage in brain-machine interfaces.

Why you should listen

Mehdi Ordikhani-Seyedlar is a research scientist interested in brain-wave patterns generated by neural activities in the brain. Since embarking on his research on neuroscience, Ordikhani-Seyedlar has been working on different brain functions such as learning, memory, pain and, more recently, visual attention in humans. He also conducted a part of his research on monkeys when he was in Dr. Miguel Nicolelis' lab at Duke University. His findings help implement more accurate brain-machine interfaces to treat people who are suffering from attention deficiency.

After receiving his Ph.D  in Biomedical Engineering, Ordikhani-Seyedlar was offered a postdoctoral position by Duke University to develop algorithms to process large-scale neuronal activity and brain-machine interfaces. However, due to political complications in the United States, Ordikhani-Seyedlar -- an Iranian citizen -- changed his plan to continue his brain research outside the US for some time.

As a passionate neuroscientist and neuroengineer, Ordikhani-Seyedlar's aim is to improve brain pattern detectability in computers. This enhances the ability of brain-machine interfaces substantially to better target the defected brain function which in turn enhances the sustainability of treatment effect.

More profile about the speaker
Mehdi Ordikhani-Seyedlar | Speaker | TED.com