ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Stanley McChrystal - Military leader
General Stanley McChrystal is the former commander of U.S. and International forces in Afghanistan. A four-star general, he is credited for creating a revolution in warfare that fuses intelligence and operations.

Why you should listen

With a remarkable record of achievement, General Stanley McChrystal has been praised for creating a revolution in warfare that fused intelligence and operations. A four-star general, he is the former commander of U.S. and international forces in Afghanistan and the former leader of Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC), which oversees the military’s most sensitive forces. McChrystal’s leadership of JSOC is credited with the December 2003 capture of Saddam Hussein and the June 2006 location and killing of Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, the leader of al-Qaeda in Iraq. McChrystal, a former Green Beret, is known for his candor.

After McChrystal graduated from West Point, he was commissioned as an infantry officer, and spent much of his career commanding special operations and airborne infantry units. During the Persian Gulf War, McChrystal served in a Joint Special Operations Task Force and later commanded the 75th Ranger Regiment. He completed year-long fellowships at Harvard’s John F. Kennedy School of Government in 1997 and in 2000 at the Council on Foreign Relations. In 2002, he was appointed chief of staff of military operations in Afghanistan. Two years later, McChrystal was selected to deliver nationally televised Pentagon briefings about military operations in Iraq. From 2003 to 2008, McChrystal commanded JSOC and was responsible for leading the nation’s deployed military counter-terrorism efforts around the globe. He assumed command of all International Forces in Afghanistan in June 2009. President Obama’s order for an additional 30,000 troops to Afghanistan was based on McChrystal’s assessment of the war there. McChrystal retired from the military in August 2010.

More profile about the speaker
Stanley McChrystal | Speaker | TED.com
TED2014

Stanley McChrystal: The military case for sharing knowledge

Stanley McChrystal: Sudut pandang militer tentang berbagi informasi

Filmed:
1,059,925 views

Ketika Jenderal Stanley McChrystal mulai bertempur melawan Al Qaeda di tahun 2003, informasi dan kerahasiaan adalah nyawa dari setap operasinya. Tapi seiring dengan pertempuran non-konvensional yang berlangsung, dia mulai berpikir bahwa budaya merahasiakan informasi adalah keliru dan sebenarnya merugikan. Dalam paparan singkat tapi kuat ini, McChrystal mengajukan pendapatnya mengenai berbagi informasi dengan aktif.
- Military leader
General Stanley McChrystal is the former commander of U.S. and International forces in Afghanistan. A four-star general, he is credited for creating a revolution in warfare that fuses intelligence and operations. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

Ketika saya masih seorang prajurit muda,
mereka mengatakan
00:12
When I was a youngmuda officerpetugas, they told me
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00:14
to followmengikuti my instinctsnaluri,
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agar saya mengikuti insting saya,
00:16
to go with my gutusus,
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untuk mengikuti naluri saya,
00:19
and what I've learnedterpelajar
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dan yang saya dapati adalah,
00:21
is that oftensering our instinctsnaluri are wrongsalah.
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seringkali insting kita salah.
00:25
In the summermusim panas of 2010,
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Pada musim panas tahun 2010,
00:28
there was a massivebesar leakkebocoran of classifieddiklasifikasikan documentsdokumen
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terjadi kebocoran besar dokumen rahasia
00:32
that camedatang out of the PentagonPentagon.
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dari Pentagon.
00:35
It shockedterkejut the worlddunia,
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Dunia terkejut,
00:36
it shookmengguncang up the AmericanAmerika Serikat governmentpemerintah,
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pemerintah Amerika tergoncang,
00:38
and it madeterbuat people askmeminta a lot of questionspertanyaan,
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dan masyarakat awam mempunyai banyak
pertanyaan,
00:40
because the sheerbelaka amountjumlah of informationinformasi
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karena besarnya informasi yang dibocorkan
00:43
that was let out, and the potentialpotensi impactsdampak,
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dan potensi dampak yang ditimbulkannya,
00:46
were significantpenting.
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sangat signifikan.
00:49
And one of the first questionspertanyaan we askedtanya ourselvesdiri
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Dan salah satu pertanyaan yang kami
tanyakan adalah
00:53
was why would a youngmuda soldiertentara have accessmengakses
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mengapa seorang prajurit muda punya akses
00:56
to that much informationinformasi?
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ke informasi sebanyak itu?
00:59
Why would we let sensitivepeka things
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Mengapa kami mempercayakan
informasi yang begitu sensitif
01:01
be with a relativelyrelatif youngmuda personorang?
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di tangan seseorang yang masih
relatif muda?
01:05
In the summermusim panas of 2003, I was assignedditugaskan to commandperintah
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Pada musim panas tahun 2003,
saya ditugaskan memimpin
01:08
a specialkhusus operationsoperasi tasktugas forcememaksa,
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sebuah satuan tugas operasi khusus;
01:11
and that tasktugas forcememaksa was spreadpenyebaran acrossmenyeberang the MideastMideast
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satuan tugas itu tersebar
di seluruh Timur Tengah
01:13
to fightpertarungan alAl QaedaQaeda.
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untuk melawan Al Qaeda.
01:15
Our mainutama effortupaya was insidedalam IraqIrak,
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Operasi utama kami ada di Irak,
01:18
and our specifiedditentukan missionmisi
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dan tugas pokok kami
01:20
was to defeatmengalahkan alAl QaedaQaeda in IraqIrak.
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adalah untuk mengalahkan Al Qaeda di Irak.
01:21
For almosthampir fivelima yearstahun I stayedtinggal there,
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Saya di sana selama hampir lima tahun,
01:25
and we focusedfokus on fightingberjuang a warperang
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dan kami berkonsentrasi untuk bertempur
01:26
that was unconventionalinkonvensional and it was difficultsulit
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secara non-konvensional,
yang mana adalah tugas sulit
01:31
and it was bloodyberdarah
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dan banyak memakan korban,
01:33
and it oftensering claimeddiklaim its highestpaling tinggi priceharga
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dan kebanyakan korbannya
01:36
amongantara innocenttidak bersalah people.
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adalah warga yang tidak bersalah.
01:39
We did everything we could
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Kami mengerahkan segalanya yang mungkin
kami lakukan
01:42
to stop alAl QaedaQaeda
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untuk menghentikan Al Qaeda
01:44
and the foreignasing fighterspejuang that
camedatang in as suicidebunuh diri bomberspembom
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dan militan asing yang masuk untuk
menjadi pelaku bom bunuh diri
01:47
and as accelerantsaccelerants to the violencekekerasan.
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dan sebagai provokator aksi kekerasan.
01:52
We honedmengasah our combattempur skillsketerampilan,
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Kami meningkatkan kemampuan tempur kami,
01:54
we developeddikembangkan newbaru equipmentperalatan,
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kami mengembangkan peralatan tempur baru,
01:57
we parachutedditerjunkan, we helicopteredhelicoptered,
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kami terjun payung,
kami menggunakan helikopter,
02:00
we tookmengambil smallkecil boatsperahu, we drovemelaju, and we walkedberjalan
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kami menggunakan perahu kecil,
kendaraan darat, dan berjalan kaki
02:02
to objectivestujuan night after night to stop
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menuju sasaran setiap malam,
untuk menghentikan
02:05
the killingpembunuhan that this networkjaringan was puttingmenempatkan forwardmeneruskan.
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pembunuhan yang direncanakan
jaringan Al Qaeda.
02:10
We bledBled,
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Kami terluka,
02:13
we diedmeninggal,
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gugur,
02:14
and we killedterbunuh to stop that organizationorganisasi
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dan kami membunuh demi menghentikan
organisasi ini
02:19
from the violencekekerasan that they were puttingmenempatkan
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terus melakukan aksi kekerasan
02:21
largelysebagian besar againstmelawan the IraqiIrak people.
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yang sebagian besar dilakukan
terhadap warga Irak.
02:25
Now, we did what we knewtahu,
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Kami melakukan apa yang kami tahu,
02:28
how we had growndewasa up, and
one of the things that we knewtahu,
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bagaimana kami dibesarkan,
dan salah satu hal yang kami tahu,
02:31
that was in our DNADNA, was secrecykerahasiaan.
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yang menjadi DNA kami,
adalah kerahasiaan.
02:34
It was securitykeamanan. It was protectingmelindungi informationinformasi.
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Adalah keamanan. Keamanan informasi.
02:36
It was the ideaide that informationinformasi was the lifeblooddarah
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Pemikiran bahwa informasi adalah nyawa
02:39
and it was what would protectmelindungi and keep people safeaman.
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yang akan melindungi dan menjaga
keselamatan kami dan masyarakat sipil.
02:42
And we had a sensemerasakan that,
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Dan kami merasa,
02:44
as we operateddioperasikan withindalam our organizationsorganisasi,
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selama kami bekerja dalam organisasi kami,
02:46
it was importantpenting to keep informationinformasi
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sangat penting untuk menjaga informasi
02:48
in the silossilo withindalam the organizationsorganisasi,
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serapat mungkin di dalam organisasi kami,
02:50
particularlyterutama only give informationinformasi
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khususnya dengan hanya memberi informasi
02:53
to people had a demonstratedditunjukkan need to know.
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kepada orang yang memang membutuhkannya.
02:57
But the questionpertanyaan oftensering camedatang, who neededdibutuhkan to know?
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Tapi lalu pertanyaannya adalah,
siapa yang membutuhkannya?
Siapa yang butuh, siapa yang
harus mendapatkan informasi tertentu
03:02
Who neededdibutuhkan, who had to have the informationinformasi
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agar mereka bisa melakukan bagian
pekerjaannya yang Anda butuhkan?
03:05
so that they could do the importantpenting
partsbagian of the jobpekerjaan that you neededdibutuhkan?
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03:09
And in a tightlyrapat coupledditambah worlddunia,
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Dan di dunia yang sangat saling terhubung,
03:11
that's very hardkeras to predictmeramalkan.
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sangat sulit untuk diprediksi.
Sangat sulit untuk menentukan siapa yang
harus mendapatkan informasi tertentu
03:13
It's very hardkeras to know who needskebutuhan to have informationinformasi
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03:16
and who doesn't.
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dan siapa yang tidak.
03:18
I used to dealberurusan with intelligenceintelijen agenciesagensi,
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Saya terbiasa bekerja dengan
badan intelejen,
03:20
and I'd complainmengeluh that they weren'ttidak
sharingberbagi enoughcukup intelligenceintelijen,
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dan sering mengeluh karena mereka
tidak membagi cukup informasi,
03:22
and with a straightlurus facemenghadapi, they'dmereka akan
look at me and they'dmereka akan say,
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mereka akan menatap saya dan berkata,
"Apa yang Anda tidak tahu?" (Tertawa)
03:24
"What aren'ttidak you gettingmendapatkan?" (LaughterTawa)
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03:26
I said, "If I knewtahu that, we wouldn'ttidak akan have a problemmasalah."
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Saya menjawab, "Seandainya saya tahu,
kita tidak akan punya masalah."
Tapi yang kami pelajari adalah,
bahwa kami harus berubah.
03:32
But what we foundditemukan is we had to changeperubahan.
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03:34
We had to changeperubahan our culturebudaya about informationinformasi.
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Kami harus mengubah budaya kami
tentang informasi,
03:36
We had to knockKnock down wallsdinding. We had to shareBagikan.
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merobohkan tembok penghalang.
Kami harus berbagi.
03:38
We had to changeperubahan from who needskebutuhan to know
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Kami harus mengubah paradigma
dari siapa yang perlu tahu
03:41
to the factfakta that who doesn't know,
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menjadi siapa yang belum tahu,
03:43
and we need to tell, and tell
them as quicklysegera as we can.
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dan kami harus memberikan informasi,
sesegera mungkin.
03:46
It was a significantpenting culturebudaya shiftbergeser for an organizationorganisasi
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Ini merupakan perubahan besar
untuk sebuah organisasi
03:49
that had secrecykerahasiaan in its DNADNA.
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yang DNA-nya terdiri dari kerahasiaan.
Kami memulainya dengan melakukan
berbagai hal, dengan membangun,
03:55
We starteddimulai by doing things, by buildingbangunan,
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03:57
not workingkerja in officeskantor,
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tidak bekerja di ruang kantor,
menyingkirkan tembok penghalang,
03:59
knockingmengetuk down wallsdinding, workingkerja in things we calledbernama
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04:00
situationsituasi awarenesskesadaran roomskamar,
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bekerja di ruang pemantauan,
04:03
and in the summermusim panas of 2007,
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dan di akhir musim panas 2007,
terjadi sesuatu yang menunjukkan hal ini.
04:05
something happenedterjadi whichyang demonstratedditunjukkan this.
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04:07
We capturedditangkap the personnelpersonil recordscatatan
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Kami memperoleh data personil
04:09
for the people who were bringingmembawa foreignasing fighterspejuang
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orang-orang yang memasukkan militan asing
04:11
into IraqIrak.
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ke Irak.
Dan ketika kami mendapatkan data personil
seperti ini,
04:13
And when we got the personnelpersonil recordscatatan, typicallykhas,
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04:15
we would have hiddentersembunyi these,
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biasanya kami akan
menyembunyikannya,
04:17
sharedbersama them with a fewbeberapa intelligenceintelijen agenciesagensi,
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membaginya ke beberapa
badan intelejen saja,
04:19
and then try to operateberoperasi with them.
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lalu berusaha bekerja sama dengan mereka.
04:21
But as I was talkingpembicaraan to my intelligenceintelijen officerpetugas,
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Tapi saya berbincang dengan
perwira intelejen saya,
04:23
I said, "What do we do?"
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04:24
And he said, "Well, you foundditemukan them." Our commandperintah.
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saya bilang, "Bagaimana?" Dan dia bilang,
"Anda punya informasinya." Terserah kita.
04:27
"You can just declassifydeclassify them."
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"Anda bisa menyebar-luaskannya."
04:29
And I said, "Well, can we declassifydeclassify them?
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Dan saya jawab,"Apakah tidak apa-apa?
Bagaimana jika musuh tahu?"
04:31
What if the enemymusuh findsmenemukan out?"
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04:32
And he saysmengatakan, "They're theirmereka personnelpersonil recordscatatan."
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Dan dia menjawab, "Ini kan data personil
mereka sendiri." (Tertawa)
04:34
(LaughterTawa)
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04:36
So we did,
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Jadi kami melakukannya,
04:37
and a lot of people got upsetkecewa about that,
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dan banyak yang gusar bahwa
kami melakukannya,
04:39
but as we passedberlalu that informationinformasi around,
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tapi saat menyebar-luaskan informasi ini,
04:41
suddenlymendadak you find that informationinformasi is only of valuenilai
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kami menyadari suatu informasi
hanya berharga
04:44
if you give it to people who have the abilitykemampuan
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bagi orang yang mampu melakukan sesuatu
04:46
to do something with it.
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dengan informasi tersebut.
04:48
The factfakta that I know something has zeronol valuenilai
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Fakta bahwa saya tahu sesuatu,
tidak ada nilainya
04:50
if I'm not the personorang who can actuallysebenarnya
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jika saya bukan seseorang yang
04:52
make something better because of it.
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bisa memanfaatkannya.
04:54
So as a consequencekonsekuensi, what we did was
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Sebagai akibatnya,yang kami lakukan adalah
04:56
we changedberubah the ideaide of informationinformasi,
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mengubah pola pikir tentang informasi,
04:59
insteadsebagai gantinya of knowledgepengetahuan is powerkekuasaan,
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dari "pengetahuan adalah kekuatan,"
05:01
to one where sharingberbagi is powerkekuasaan.
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menjadi "saling berbagi adalah kekuatan."
05:04
It was the fundamentalmendasar shiftbergeser,
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Ini adalah sebuah perubahan mendasar,
05:06
not newbaru tacticstaktik, not newbaru weaponssenjata,
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bukan taktik baru,bukan persenjataan baru,
05:08
not newbaru anything elselain.
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tidak ada yang baru.
05:10
It was the ideaide that we were now partbagian of a teamtim
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Hanya mengubah pola pikir bahwa
kami adalah bagian dari satu kelompok
05:12
in whichyang informationinformasi becamemenjadi the essentialpenting linklink
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dimana informasi merupakan
penyambung utama
05:15
betweenantara us, not a blockblok betweenantara us.
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diantara kami,bukan pemisah diantara kami.
05:19
And I want everybodysemua orang to take a deepdalam breathnafas
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Dan saya ingin semua orang
menarik nafas panjang
05:22
and let it out,
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dan mengeluarkannya,
05:24
because in your life, there's going to be informationinformasi
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karena dalam hidup Anda,akan ada informasi
05:26
that leakskebocoran out you're not going to like.
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yang bocor, yang tidak akan Anda sukai.
05:28
Somebody'sSeseorang going to get my collegeperguruan tinggi gradesnilai out,
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Seseorang bisa jadi membocorkan
nilai saya di universitas,
05:30
a that's going to be a disasterbencana. (LaughterTawa)
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dan itu bisa jadi bencana. (Tertawa)
05:34
But it's going to be okay, and I will tell you that
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Tapi tidak apa apa, dan saya akan katakan
pada Anda sekalian
05:38
I am more scaredtakut of the bureaucratbirokrat
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saya lebih takut akan para birokrat
05:41
that holdsmemegang informationinformasi in a deskmeja tulis drawerlaci
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yang menyimpan informasi
di laci meja kerjanya atau di lemari besi,
05:43
or in a safeaman than I am of someonesome one who leakskebocoran,
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daripada seseorang yang membocorkannya,
05:46
because ultimatelyakhirnya, we'llbaik be better off if we shareBagikan.
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karena pada akhirnya,
kita lebih baik jika saling berbagi.
05:49
Thank you.
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Terima kasih.
05:51
(ApplauseTepuk tangan)
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(Tepuk tangan)
Helen Walters:
Saya tidak tahu Anda ada disini pagi ini,
05:57
HelenHelen WaltersWalters: So I don't know if
you were here this morningpagi,
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05:59
if you were ablesanggup to catchmenangkap RickRick LedgettLedgett,
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seandainya Anda bicara dengan Rick Ledgett
06:01
the deputyWakil directorDirektur of the NSANSA
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Wakil Direktur NSA
06:03
who was respondingmerespons to EdwardEdward
Snowden'sSnowden's talk earliersebelumnya this weekminggu.
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yang membalas paparan Edward Snowden
di awal minggu ini.
06:07
I just wonderbertanya-tanya, do you think the AmericanAmerika Serikat governmentpemerintah
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Saya ingin tahu, apakah menurut anda
pemerintah Amerika
06:09
should give EdwardEdward SnowdenSnowden amnestyamnesti?
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seharusnya memberi Edward Snowden amnesti?
06:12
StanleyStanley McChrystalMcChrystal: I think that
RickRick said something very importantpenting.
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Stanley McChrystal: Menurut saya Rick
mengatakan sesuatu yang sangat penting.
06:14
We, mostpaling people, don't know all the factsfakta.
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Kami, kebanyakan orang,
tidak tahu semua fakta yang ada.
06:17
I think there are two partsbagian of this.
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Menurut saya ada dua poin penting disini.
06:18
EdwardEdward SnowdenSnowden shinedbersinar a
lightcahaya on an importantpenting need
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Edward Snowden menunjukkan pentingnya
06:22
that people had to understandmemahami.
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untuk membuat masyarakat paham.
06:23
He alsojuga tookmengambil a lot of documentsdokumen that he didn't have
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Dia juga mengambil banyak dokumen
yang dia tidak ketahui signifikansinya,
06:26
the knowledgepengetahuan to know the importancepentingnya of,
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jadi menurut saya kita perlu mempelajari
fakta-fakta dalam kasus ini
06:29
so I think we need to learnbelajar the factsfakta about this casekasus
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06:31
before we make snapjepret judgmentspenilaian
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sebelum terburu-buru mengambil keputusan
terhadap Edward Snowden.
06:33
about EdwardEdward SnowdenSnowden.
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06:35
HWHW: Thank you so much. Thank you.
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HW: Terima kasih banyak. Terima kasih.
06:37
(ApplauseTepuk tangan)
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1918
(Tepuk tangan)
Translated by asri suharjono
Reviewed by Dewi Barnas

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Stanley McChrystal - Military leader
General Stanley McChrystal is the former commander of U.S. and International forces in Afghanistan. A four-star general, he is credited for creating a revolution in warfare that fuses intelligence and operations.

Why you should listen

With a remarkable record of achievement, General Stanley McChrystal has been praised for creating a revolution in warfare that fused intelligence and operations. A four-star general, he is the former commander of U.S. and international forces in Afghanistan and the former leader of Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC), which oversees the military’s most sensitive forces. McChrystal’s leadership of JSOC is credited with the December 2003 capture of Saddam Hussein and the June 2006 location and killing of Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, the leader of al-Qaeda in Iraq. McChrystal, a former Green Beret, is known for his candor.

After McChrystal graduated from West Point, he was commissioned as an infantry officer, and spent much of his career commanding special operations and airborne infantry units. During the Persian Gulf War, McChrystal served in a Joint Special Operations Task Force and later commanded the 75th Ranger Regiment. He completed year-long fellowships at Harvard’s John F. Kennedy School of Government in 1997 and in 2000 at the Council on Foreign Relations. In 2002, he was appointed chief of staff of military operations in Afghanistan. Two years later, McChrystal was selected to deliver nationally televised Pentagon briefings about military operations in Iraq. From 2003 to 2008, McChrystal commanded JSOC and was responsible for leading the nation’s deployed military counter-terrorism efforts around the globe. He assumed command of all International Forces in Afghanistan in June 2009. President Obama’s order for an additional 30,000 troops to Afghanistan was based on McChrystal’s assessment of the war there. McChrystal retired from the military in August 2010.

More profile about the speaker
Stanley McChrystal | Speaker | TED.com