ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Anil Ananthaswamy - Author, journalist
Anil Ananthaswamy specializes in writing about neuroscience and physics. He is the author of "The Man Who Wasn’t There," "The Edge of Physics" and the forthcoming "Through Two Doors at Once."

Why you should listen

Anil Ananthaswamy is a consultant for New Scientist in London. He has worked at the magazine in various capacities since 2000, most recently as deputy news editor. He is also a contributor to National Geographic News.

Ananthaswamy worked as a software engineer in Silicon Valley before training as a journalist at the University of California, Santa Cruz. He's the author of The Edge of Physics (published as The Edge of Reason by Penguin in India) and The Man Who Wasn’t There.

More profile about the speaker
Anil Ananthaswamy | Speaker | TED.com
INK Conference

Anil Ananthaswamy: What it takes to do extreme astrophysics

अनिल अनन्थस्वामी— चरम खगोल भौतिकशास्त्र गर्न के चाहिन्छ?

Filmed:
572,135 views

यो ग्रहभरी, विशाल दूरदर्शकहरु तथा संसूचकहरुले हेर्दै (एवं सुन्दै) छन् ब्रह्माण्डको क्रियाकाण्डका सङ्केतहरु । आइ एन् के (नवाचार तथा ज्ञान) सम्मेलनमा, विज्ञान लेखक अनिल अनाथस्वामि हामीहरुलाई भूमण्डलका अति दूरस्थ तथा शान्त स्थानमा रहेका यी अद्भुत अधिष्ठापनको पर्यटन गराँउछन् ।
- Author, journalist
Anil Ananthaswamy specializes in writing about neuroscience and physics. He is the author of "The Man Who Wasn’t There," "The Edge of Physics" and the forthcoming "Through Two Doors at Once." Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
I would like to talk today
0
0
2000
म आज बोल्न चाहान्छु
00:17
about what I think is one of the greatest adventures
1
2000
2000
त्यो कुरा जुन मलाइ लाग्छ एक महत्तम साहसिक कार्य हो
00:19
human beings have embarked upon,
2
4000
2000
जुन मनुष्यहरुले प्रारम्भन गरेकाछन्,
00:21
which is the quest to understand the universe
3
6000
3000
ब्रह्माण्ड बुझ्ने अन्वेषण
00:24
and our place in it.
4
9000
2000
तथा ब्रह्माण्डमा हाम्रो स्थान ।
00:26
My own interest in this subject, and my passion for it,
5
11000
3000
यो विषयमा मेरो आफ्नो रुचि, एवं मेरो अनुरस चाँहि
00:29
began rather accidentally.
6
14000
2000
अकस्मात आरम्भ भयो ।
00:31
I had bought a copy of this book,
7
16000
3000
मैले यो पुस्तको एक प्रति किनेको थिएँ
00:34
"The Universe and Dr. Einstein" --
8
19000
2000
"ब्रह्माण्ड तथा विद्वान् आइन्स्टाइन्" —
00:36
a used paperback from a secondhand bookstore in Seattle.
9
21000
3000
सिएटल्को पूर्व प्रयुक्‍त पुस्तकापणमा किनिएको एक प्रयुक्त पत्रावरणबद्ध पुस्तक
00:39
A few years after that, in Bangalore,
10
24000
3000
केहि वर्ष पछि, बॆंगळूरु नगरमा
00:42
I was finding it hard to fall asleep one night,
11
27000
2000
मलाइ निद्रा लाग्न गाह्रो भिइ रहेको थियो,
00:44
and I picked up this book,
12
29000
2000
र मैले यो पुस्तक पढ्न थाले
00:46
thinking it would put me to sleep in 10 minutes.
13
31000
2000
किनकी यस्ले मलाइ १० मिनेट् मै निद्रामा पुर्‍याउँछ भनेर।
00:48
And as it happened,
14
33000
2000
तर के भयो भन्दा,
00:50
I read it from midnight to five in the morning in one shot.
15
35000
3000
मैले यो पुस्तक मध्यरात देखि बिहानको पाँच बजे सम्म लगातार पढेर एक पटक मै सकेँ ।
00:53
And I was left with this intense feeling
16
38000
3000
अनि ममा यो तीव्र भावना आयो
00:56
of awe and exhilaration
17
41000
2000
सश्रद्ध उत्तेजना तथा आनन्दको भावना
00:58
at the universe
18
43000
2000
ब्रह्माण्डका निम्ति
01:00
and our own ability to understand as much as we do.
19
45000
3000
र हाम्रो बुझ्ने क्षमता का निम्ति ।
01:03
And that feeling hasn't left me yet.
20
48000
3000
र आज सम्म पनि मलाइ त्यो भावनाले छोडेको छैन ।
01:06
That feeling was the trigger for me
21
51000
2000
त्यो भावना नै थियो मेरा निम्ति आरम्भक
01:08
to actually change my career --
22
53000
2000
जसले गर्दा मैले आफ्नो पेशा परिवर्तन गरेँ--
01:10
from being a software engineer to become a science writer --
23
55000
3000
प्रक्रियासामग्री अभियन्त्रक बाट विज्ञान लेखक--
01:13
so that I could partake in the joy of science,
24
58000
3000
यस अर्थले की म विज्ञानको हर्षमा सम्मिलित हुनसकु
01:16
and also the joy of communicating it to others.
25
61000
3000
र अरुलाइ सम्प्रेषण गर्नुको हर्ष ।
01:19
And that feeling also led me
26
64000
2000
एवं त्यो भावनाले मलाई
01:21
to a pilgrimage of sorts,
27
66000
2000
तीर्थयात्रा झै
01:23
to go literally to the ends of the earth
28
68000
2000
पृथिवीका स्वरुपतया शेषहरुमा लग्यो
01:25
to see telescopes, detectors,
29
70000
3000
हेर्न ती दूरदर्शकहरु, संसूचकहरु,
01:28
instruments that people are building, or have built,
30
73000
3000
उपकरणहरु जुन मनुष्यहरु निर्माण गरेँ अथवा गर्दैछन्
01:31
in order to probe the cosmos
31
76000
2000
यस अर्थ की हाम्ले विश्वब्रह्माण्डलाई अनुसन्धान गर्न
01:33
in greater and greater detail.
32
78000
2000
उच्चतर तथा उच्चतर विस्तारमा ।
01:35
So it took me from places like Chile --
33
80000
2000
चिलीदेश आदि स्थान देखि--
01:37
the Atacama Desert in Chile --
34
82000
2000
चिलीदेशको आटाकामा मरुभूमिदेखि --
01:39
to Siberia,
35
84000
2000
साइबेरिया सम्म,
01:41
to underground mines
36
86000
2000
भूमिगत खानिहरु सम्म,
01:43
in the Japanese Alps, in Northern America,
37
88000
2000
जापानी एल्पस् पर्वतमालामा, उत्तरी अमेरिकामा,
01:45
all the way to Antarctica
38
90000
2000
देखि अण्टार्क्टिकासम्मै
01:47
and even to the South Pole.
39
92000
2000
र दक्षिण ध्रुवमा पनि ।
01:49
And today I would like to share with you
40
94000
2000
र आज म तपाँइँहरुको समक्ष बाँड्न चाहाँन्छु
01:51
some images, some stories of these trips.
41
96000
3000
केहि छायाचित्रहरु, केहि कथाहरु यस यात्राका
01:54
I have been basically spending the last few years
42
99000
2000
मूलतः मैले गएका केहि वर्षहरु
01:56
documenting the efforts
43
101000
2000
यी प्रयासहरुलाइ प्रलेखन गरेँ
01:58
of some extremely intrepid men and women
44
103000
3000
ती अति वीर पुरुष स्रीहरुको
02:01
who are putting,
45
106000
2000
जो यी प्रयासहरुका निमित्त
02:03
literally at times, their lives at stake
46
108000
2000
साँच्चै नै कुनै कालला, आफ्नो प्राण कै बाजि राख्छन्
02:05
working in some very remote and very hostile places
47
110000
3000
अति दूरस्थ तथा अति शत्रुतापूर्ण स्थानमा कर्म गर्छन्
02:08
so that they may gather the faintest signals from the cosmos
48
113000
4000
यस प्रयोजनका निम्ति की तिनीहरुले ब्रह्माण्डबाट आएको मधुरो सङ्केतलाइ सङ्ग्रह गर्न सकुन
02:12
in order for us to understand this universe.
49
117000
3000
हामलाइ ब्रह्माण्ड बुझ्नका निम्ति ।
02:15
And I first begin with a pie chart --
50
120000
2000
सर्वप्रथम म एक वृत्तखण्ड रेखाचित्रबाट।
02:17
and I promise this is the only pie chart
51
122000
2000
र म प्रतिज्ञा गर्छु की यो एक मात्र वृत्तखण्ड रेखाचित्र हुनेछ
02:19
in the whole presentation --
52
124000
2000
यो सम्पूर्ण प्रस्तुति भरि ।
02:21
but it sets up the state of our knowledge of the cosmos.
53
126000
4000
किन्तु यसले ब्रह्माण्डबारे रहेको हाम्रो ज्ञानको अवस्था दर्शाउँछ ।
02:25
All the theories in physics that we have today
54
130000
3000
हामी सँग आज भौतिकशास्त्रमा भएका समस्त सिद्धान्तहरुले
02:28
properly explain what is called normal matter --
55
133000
2000
सामान्य पदार्थलाई यथायोग्य सँग अन्वाख्यान गर्छ --
02:30
the stuff that we're all made of --
56
135000
2000
जुन सामग्रीले हामी बनेका छम् --
02:32
and that's four percent of the universe.
57
137000
2000
त्यो ब्रह्माण्डको चार प्रतिशत मात्रै हो ।
02:34
Astronomers and cosmologists and physicists think
58
139000
3000
खगोलज्ञहरु तथा ब्रह्माणडज्ञहरु तथा भौतिकज्ञहरु सोच्छन की
02:37
that there is something called dark matter in the universe,
59
142000
3000
की त्यहाँ ब्रह्माणडमा तमो पदार्थ नामक केहि छ
02:40
which makes up 23 percent of the universe,
60
145000
2000
जस्ले ब्रह्माण्डको २३ प्रतिशत बनाँउछ,
02:42
and something called dark energy,
61
147000
2000
र केहि जस्को नाम तमो ऊर्जा हो,
02:44
which permeates the fabric of space-time,
62
149000
2000
जो दिक्-कालको वस्त्रमा विस्तारित हुन्छ,
02:46
that makes up another 73 percent.
63
151000
2000
जस्ले अर्को ७३ प्रतिशत बनाँउछ।
02:48
So if you look at this pie chart, 96 percent of the universe,
64
153000
3000
त्यसैले, यदि तपाँइँ यो वृत्तखण्ड रेखाचित्रमा हर्नुभयो भने, ९६ प्रतिशत ब्रह्माण्ड,
02:51
at this point in our exploration of it,
65
156000
2000
यो अन्वेषणकालमा हाम्रा निम्ति,
02:53
is unknown or not well understood.
66
158000
3000
अज्ञात छ अथवा हामी बुझेकै छैनौँ।
02:56
And most of the experiments, telescopes that I went to see
67
161000
3000
र अधिकतम प्रयोगहरुमा, मैले जुन दूरदर्शक हेर्न गएँ
02:59
are in some way addressing this question,
68
164000
3000
तीनीहरुले कुनै रूपमा यो प्रश्न सम्बोधन गर्दै छन्,
03:02
these two twin mysteries of dark matter and dark energy.
69
167000
3000
यी द्वि रहस्यहरु, तमो पदार्थ तथा तमो ऊर्जाको।
03:05
I will take you first to an underground mine
70
170000
2000
म प्रथम त तपाँइँहरुलाई एक भूमिगत खानिमा
03:07
in Northern Minnesota
71
172000
2000
उत्तरी मिनेसोटा (संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाको उत्तरी केन्द्रीय राज्य) मा
03:09
where people are looking
72
174000
2000
जनहरु हर्दैछन्
03:11
for something called dark matter.
73
176000
2000
तमो पदार्थ नामक केहि तत्त्व।
03:13
And the idea here is that they are looking for a sign
74
178000
3000
र युक्ति यहाँ के भन्दा, सङ्केतहरु अन्वेषण गरिदैँछ
03:16
of a dark matter particle hitting one of their detectors.
75
181000
3000
की तमो पदार्थ कणले यिनीहरुको संसूचकमा दिएको ठक्करको सङ्केत।
03:19
And the reason why they have to go underground
76
184000
2000
भूमिगत हुनुपर्ने कारणमा
03:21
is that, if you did this experiment on the surface of the Earth,
77
186000
3000
चाँहि, यदि तपाँइँले यो प्रयोग भूमण्डलको सतहमा गर्नुभयो भने
03:24
the same experiment would be swamped by signals
78
189000
2000
त्यहि प्रयोग सङ्केतहरुले आप्लावित हुनेछ
03:26
that could be created by things like cosmic rays,
79
191000
2000
जसको कारण ब्रह्माण्डीय किरण हिन्छन्,
03:28
ambient radio activity,
80
193000
2000
व्यापक विकिरण सक्रियता,
03:30
even our own bodies. You might not believe it,
81
195000
3000
र हाम्रै शरीर पनि। तपाँइँलाइ विश्वास न लाग्गला,
03:33
but even our own bodies are radioactive enough to disturb this experiment.
82
198000
3000
तर हाम्रै देह पनि यो प्रयोगलाइ भङ्ग गर्न यथेष्ट विकिरणसक्रिय छ।
03:36
So they go deep inside mines
83
201000
3000
त्यसैले तिनीहरु गभीर खानिहरु भित्र जान्छन्
03:39
to find a kind of environmental silence
84
204000
2000
प्राप्त गर्न त्यस्तो वातावरणीय शान्ति
03:41
that will allow them to hear
85
206000
2000
जस्ले तीनलाइ सुन्न दिन्छ
03:43
the ping of a dark matter particle hitting their detector.
86
208000
3000
तमो पदार्थले तिनको संसूचकमा गरेको त्यो सानो ठक्कर।
03:46
And I went to see one of these experiments,
87
211000
2000
अनि म यी प्रयोगहरु हेर्न गएँ,
03:48
and this is actually -- you can barely see it,
88
213000
2000
तथा सत्यता के हो भने-- तपाँइँले केवल केहि मात्र देख्न सक्नुहुन्छ,
03:50
and the reason for that is it's entirely dark in there --
89
215000
3000
र सत्यता के हो भने-- तपाँइँले केवल अलि अलि मात्र देख्न सक्नुहुन्छ,
03:53
this is a cavern that was left behind by the miners
90
218000
3000
यो एक गुहा(गुफा) हो जुन आखनिकहरुले छोडेका थिए
03:56
who left this mine in 1960.
91
221000
2000
उनीहरुले यो खानि सन् १९६० मा छोडेका हुन् ।
03:58
And physicists came and started using it
92
223000
2000
अनि भौतिकशास्रीहरुले आए र प्रयोग प्रारम्भ गरेँ
04:00
sometime in the 1980s.
93
225000
2000
१९८०को दशकको कुनै कालमा।
04:02
And the miners in the early part of the last century
94
227000
3000
एवं गएको शताब्दीको प्राथमिक कालमा आखनिकहरु
04:05
worked, literally, in candlelight.
95
230000
2000
यहाँ कर्म गर्दा स्वरुपतया नै मैनबत्तीमा काम गर्थे ।
04:07
And today, you would see this inside the mine,
96
232000
2000
र आज, तपाँइँ देख्नु हुन्छ यस्तो, खानि भित्र,
04:09
half a mile underground.
97
234000
2000
आधि माइल भूमि भित्र।
04:11
This is one of the largest underground labs in the world.
98
236000
2000
यो संसारकै बृहत्तम भूमिगत प्रयोगशाला हो ।
04:13
And, among other things, they're looking for dark matter.
99
238000
3000
र, धेरै कुरा मध्ये, यिनीहुर तमो पदार्थको अन्वेषण गर्दै छन् ।
04:16
There is another way to search for dark matter,
100
241000
2000
तमो पदार्थलाइ अन्वेषण गर्ने अन्य मार्ग पनि छ,
04:18
which is indirectly.
101
243000
2000
परोक्ष रूपले,
04:20
If dark matter exists in our universe,
102
245000
2000
यदि हाम्रो ब्रह्माण्डमा तमो पदार्थ छन् भने,
04:22
in our galaxy,
103
247000
2000
हाम्रो तारापुञ्जमा,
04:24
then these particles should be smashing together
104
249000
2000
यी पदार्थहरु एकत्र चूर्णीत भएर,
04:26
and producing other particles that we know about --
105
251000
3000
अरु हामिलाई जानकारी भएको पदार्थ उत्पादन गर्नुपर्छ --
04:29
one of them being neutrinos.
106
254000
2000
ती मध्येको एक हुन क्लीवाणुकहरु ।
04:31
And neutrinos you can detect
107
256000
2000
अनि क्लीवाणुकहरु चाँहि पता लगाउँने
04:33
by the signature they leave
108
258000
2000
तिनीहरुले छोडेको स्वसङ्केतको द्वारा हो
04:35
when they hit water molecules.
109
260000
2000
जब तिनीहरुले जलाणुमा ठक्कर दिन्छन् ।
04:37
When a neutrino hits a water molecule
110
262000
2000
जब एक क्लीवाणुले एक जलाणुलाई ठक्कर दिन्छ
04:39
it emits a kind of blue light,
111
264000
2000
तब एक प्रकारको नील प्रकाशको उत्सर्जन हुन्छ,
04:41
a flash of blue light,
112
266000
2000
नीलवर्ण प्रकाशको एक दीप्ति,
04:43
and by looking for this blue light,
113
268000
2000
र यही नील प्रकाश हेरेर,
04:45
you can essentially understand something about the neutrino
114
270000
2000
हामी बुझ्न सक्छौँ मूलतः क्लीवाणुहरुको विषयमा केहि
04:47
and then, indirectly, something about the dark matter
115
272000
3000
अनि, परोक्षरूपमा तमो पदार्थको विषयमा पनि केहि
04:50
that might have created this neutrino.
116
275000
2000
जस्ले क्वीवाणु उत्पादन गरेको हुनसक्छ।
04:52
But you need very, very large volumes of water
117
277000
3000
परन्तु, अति अति बृहत् परिमाणमा पानी चाँहिन्छ
04:55
in order to do this.
118
280000
2000
यो गर्नाका निमित्त ।
04:57
You need something like tens of megatons of water --
119
282000
2000
दशौ मेगाटन् जल --
04:59
almost a gigaton of water --
120
284000
2000
लग्भग गिगाटन् जस्ति जल--
05:01
in order to have any chance of catching this neutrino.
121
286000
3000
क्लीवाणु भेट्ने सम्भावनाका निम्ति ।
05:04
And where in the world would you find such water?
122
289000
2000
अनि संसारमा कहाँ तेती पानी पाइन्छ त ?
05:06
Well the Russians have a tank in their own backyard.
123
291000
3000
शुभम्, रूसीहरु सँग तेस्तो टङ्की त पछाडि आँगन् मै छ ।
05:09
This is Lake Baikal.
124
294000
2000
त्यो हो जलाशय बाइकाल ।
05:11
It is the largest lake in the world. It's 800 km long.
125
296000
3000
संसारको बृहत्तम ताल हो यो । ८०० किलोमिटर् लामो ।
05:14
It's about 40 to 50 km wide
126
299000
2000
४० देखि ५० किलोमिटर् चौडाई भएको
05:16
in most places,
127
301000
2000
अधिकतम स्थानहरुमा,
05:18
and one to two kilometers deep.
128
303000
2000
एक देखि द्वि किलोमिटर् गभीर ।
05:20
And what the Russians are doing
129
305000
2000
अनि रूसीहरुले के गर्दै छन् भने
05:22
is they're building these detectors
130
307000
2000
तिनीहरुले यी संसूचकहरु निर्माण गर्दै छन्
05:24
and immersing them about a kilometer beneath the surface of the lake
131
309000
3000
र जलाशयको सतह भन्दा एक किलोमिटर् जति तल, डुबाउँदै छन् ती संसूचकहरुलाई
05:27
so that they can watch for these flashes of blue light.
132
312000
3000
यस प्रयोजनले की तीनले ती नील प्रकाश दीप्तिहरु हेर्न सकुन ।
05:30
And this is the scene that greeted me when I landed there.
133
315000
3000
एवं यो चाँहि त्यो दृश्य यो जसले मलाई त्यहाँ स्वागत् गर्यो जब म त्यहाँ पुगेँ ।
05:33
This is Lake Baikal
134
318000
2000
त्यो हो बाइकाल ताल
05:35
in the peak of the Siberian winter.
135
320000
2000
साइबेरियाली शीतकालको शिखरमा ।
05:37
The lake is entirely frozen.
136
322000
2000
यो जलाशय सम्पूर्णै जमेको छ ।
05:39
And the line of black dots
137
324000
3000
र त्यो कालो रेखाका बिन्दुहरु
05:42
that you see in the background,
138
327000
2000
जुन तपाँइँ पृष्ठभूमिमा देख्न सक्नुहुन्छ,
05:44
that's the ice camp where the physicists are working.
139
329000
2000
त्यो हिम्शिविर हुन् जाँहाँ भौतिकशास्री कर्म गर्दै छन् ।
05:46
The reason why they have to work in winter
140
331000
2000
शीतकालमै चाँहि किन काम गर्न पर्यो भन्दा
05:48
is because they don't have the money to work in summer and spring,
141
333000
3000
किनकी तिनीहरु सँग ग्रीष्मकाल तथा वसन्त ऋतु मा कर्म गर्ने पैसा छैन,
05:51
which, if they did that,
142
336000
2000
जुन, यदि तिनले गर्ने हो भने,
05:53
they would need ships and submersibles to do their work.
143
338000
2000
तिनीहरुलाइ तिनको कर्म गर्न जलयान तथा अन्तःसागरीयानको आवश्यक पर्छ ।
05:55
So they wait until winter --
144
340000
2000
त्यसैले तिनीहरु शीतकाल सम्म प्रतीक्षा गर्छन् --
05:57
the lake is completely frozen over --
145
342000
2000
जब जलाशय सम्पूर्णरूपे जमेको हुन्छ --
05:59
and they use this meter-thick ice
146
344000
2000
र तिनीहरुले यहि एक मिटर् बाक्लो हिम् को प्रयोग गर्छन्
06:01
as a platform on which to establish their ice camp and do their work.
147
346000
3000
मञ्चको रूपमा जाँहाँ तिनीहरु आफ्नो शिविर स्थापित गर्छन् एवं स्वकर्म ।
06:04
So this is the Russians working on the ice
148
349000
4000
अतएव, यी रूसीहरुले हिम्‌मा काम गर्दै छन्
06:08
in the peak of the Siberian winter.
149
353000
2000
साइबेरियाली शीतकालको शिखरमा ।
06:10
They have to drill holes in the ice,
150
355000
2000
तिनीहरुलाई हिम्‌मा विवर छिद्रण गर्नु पर्छ,
06:12
dive down into the water -- cold, cold water --
151
357000
2000
अनि पानी भित्र डुबेर -- चिसो, शीत जल --
06:14
to get hold of the instrument, bring it up,
152
359000
3000
उपकरणको प्राप्त गर्न, माथी ल्याउँन,
06:17
do any repairs and maintenance that they need to do,
153
362000
3000
अनि पुनरूद्धार तथा रक्षण गर्न, जुन तिनीहरुले गर्नुपर्छ,
06:20
put it back and get out before the ice melts.
154
365000
2000
पुनः स्व स्थानमा राख्न र बाहिर आँउन हिम् पग्लीनु पूर्व ।
06:22
Because that phase of solid ice lasts for two months
155
367000
2000
किनकी त्यो ठोस हिम्‌को चरण द्विमास रहन्छ
06:24
and it's full of cracks.
156
369000
2000
र चिराहरुले पूर्ण हुन्छ ।
06:26
And you have to imagine, there's an entire sea-like lake
157
371000
3000
एवं तपाँइँले कल्पना गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ होला, त्याँहाँ एक समुद्र-समान जलाशय
06:29
underneath, moving.
158
374000
2000
तल चलन गर्दै छ ।
06:31
I still don't understand this one Russian man
159
376000
3000
म अझै पनि बुझ्न सक्दीन यो रूसी पुरूष
06:34
working in his bare chest,
160
379000
2000
नग्न छाती लिएर कर्म गर्दै छ,
06:36
but that tells you how hard he was working.
161
381000
3000
किन्तु यसले यो व्यक्ति कति कठिन कर्म गर्दैछ भनेर जनाउँछ ।
06:39
And these people, a handful of people,
162
384000
2000
र यी व्यक्तिहरु, अल्पसङ्ख्यक व्यक्तिहरु
06:41
have been working for 20 years,
163
386000
2000
२० वर्ष देखि काम गर्दैछन्,
06:43
looking for particles that may or may not exist.
164
388000
2000
अन्वेषण गर्दैछन् ती कणहरुको जस्को अस्तित्व सुनिश्चित छैन ।
06:45
And they have dedicated their lives to it.
165
390000
3000
र तिनीहरुले आफ्नो जीवन यो कर्मका निमित्त समर्पित गर्छन ।
06:48
And just to give you an idea,
166
393000
2000
तपाँइँलाइ एउटा चित्रण प्रस्तुत गर्न,
06:50
they have spent 20 million over 20 years.
167
395000
3000
तिनीहरुले २० मिलियन २० वर्ष भन्दा बढि ।
06:53
It's very harsh conditions.
168
398000
2000
यो अत्यन्तै कठोर अवस्था हो ।
06:55
They work on a shoestring budget.
169
400000
2000
तीनीहरु अपर्याप्त आयव्ययकमा कर्म गर्छन् ।
06:57
The toilets there are literally holes in the ground
170
402000
2000
यिनीहरुको शौचालय भनेकै भूमिमा भएको यो छिद्र हो
06:59
covered with a wooden shack.
171
404000
3000
ढाकिएको छ एक काष्ठनिर्मित प्रकोष्ठले ।
07:02
And it's that basic,
172
407000
2000
अनि त्यो त प्राथमिक,
07:04
but they do this every year.
173
409000
2000
परन्तु तिनीहरु यो प्रति वर्ष गर्छन् ।
07:06
From Siberia to the Atacama Desert in Chile,
174
411000
3000
साइबेरिया देखि
07:09
to see something called The Very Large Telescope.
175
414000
2000
हेर्न ती अति विशाल दूरदर्शक नामक उपकरणहरु ।
07:11
The Very Large Telescope
176
416000
2000
अति विशाल दूरदर्शक
07:13
is one of these things that astronomers do --
177
418000
2000
यी यस्तो सामग्रीलाई खगोलज्ञहरु--
07:15
they name their telescopes rather unimaginatively.
178
420000
2000
नामाकरण गर्दा अलि कल्पनाशीलता अभाव प्रदर्शन गर्छन् ।
07:17
I can tell you for a fact,
179
422000
2000
म एक सत्य भन्न सक्छु,
07:19
that the next one that they're planning is called The Extremely Large Telescope.
180
424000
3000
अर्को त्यो उपकरणको नाम बृहत् विशाल दूरदर्शक हुनेछ ।
07:22
(Laughter)
181
427000
2000
(हास्य)
07:24
And you wouldn't believe it,
182
429000
2000
अनि तपाँइँले विश्वास गर्नुहुन्नहोला,
07:26
but the one after that is going to be called The Overwhelmingly Large Telescope.
183
431000
3000
तर यीनले अर्को को नाम चरम बृहत् विशाल दूरदर्शक राख्नेछन् ।
07:29
But nonetheless,
184
434000
2000
अपितु,
07:31
it's an extraordinary piece of engineering.
185
436000
2000
यो अभियान्त्रिकीको असाधारण रचना हो ।
07:33
These are four 8.2 meter telescopes.
186
438000
3000
यी चार ८.२ मिटर् दूरदर्शक हुन् ।
07:36
And these telescopes, among other things,
187
441000
2000
अनि दूरदर्शकहरु, अरु विभिन्न कुरा मध्ये,
07:38
they're being used to study
188
443000
2000
प्रयोग गरिदैछ अध्ययनका निमित्त
07:40
how the expansion of the universe is changing with time.
189
445000
3000
की कसरी ब्रह्ममाण्डको विस्तारीता समयानुसार परिवर्तन हुदैछ ।
07:43
And the more you understand that,
190
448000
2000
अनि जति धेरै बुझ्यो,
07:45
the better you would understand
191
450000
2000
त्यति नै धेरै बुझिन्छ
07:47
what this dark energy that the universe is made of is all about.
192
452000
3000
की के हो तमो ऊर्जा -- जसबाट ब्रह्माण्ड बनेको छ -- आखिर के रहेछ त ।
07:50
And one piece of engineering that I want to leave you with
193
455000
3000
अनि एक अभियान्त्रिकीको उपकरण जससँग म तपाँइँहरुलाई छोड्न चाँहान्छु
07:53
as regards this telescope
194
458000
2000
यो दूरदर्शक सम्बन्धि
07:55
is the mirror.
195
460000
2000
चाँहि दर्पण हो ।
07:57
Each mirror, there are four of them,
196
462000
2000
प्रत्येक दर्पण, त्याँहाँ चार वटा छन्,
07:59
is made of a single piece of glass,
197
464000
2000
काचका एकै रचनांशले बनेका हुन्,
08:01
a monolithic piece of high-tech ceramic,
198
466000
2000
एक उच्च प्रौद्योगि मृत्तिकाको एकीकृत रचनांश,
08:03
that has been ground down and polished to such accuracy
199
468000
3000
जुनलाई चाँहि घोटेर तथा प्रमार्जक यस्तो परिशुद्धता प्राप्त
08:06
that the only way to understand what that is
200
471000
3000
गरिन्छ की यो बुझ्न
08:09
is [to] imagine a city like Paris,
201
474000
2000
उदाहरणका लागि पेरिस जस्तो नगरको लाई कल्पना गरौँ,
08:11
with all its buildings and the Eiffel Tower,
202
476000
3000
जाँहाँ त्यसका सम्पूर्ण भवन तथा आईफेल अट्ट,
08:14
if you grind down Paris to that kind of accuracy,
203
479000
3000
यदि तपाँइँ पेरिस नगरलाई यसरी घोट्नु भयो की परिशुद्धता,
08:17
you would be left with bumps that are one millimeter high.
204
482000
4000
यस्तो भयो की एक मिलिमिटर् उच्च पाहाड मात्र रहने छ ।
08:21
And that's the kind of polishing that these mirrors have endured.
205
486000
3000
त्यस्तो प्रकारको प्रमार्जक खेपेका हुन्छन् यी दर्पणहरु ले ।
08:24
An extraordinary set of telescopes.
206
489000
2000
एक असाधारण दूरदर्शकको समुच्चय,
08:26
Here's another view of the same.
207
491000
2000
याँहाँ छ अर्को दर्शन त्यहिको,
08:28
The reason why you have to build these telescopes
208
493000
2000
यी दूरदर्शकहरु निर्माण गर्नुको कारण
08:30
in places like the Atacama Desert
209
495000
2000
कारण की यस्ता स्थान जस्तै आटाकामा मरुभूमि
08:32
is because of the high altitude desert.
210
497000
3000
किनकी यो उच्च तुङ्गता मरुभूमि हो ।
08:35
The dry air is really good for telescopes,
211
500000
3000
त्याँहाँको शुष्क वायु दूरदर्शका लागि अत्यन्तै राम्रो हुन्छ,
08:38
and also, the cloud cover is below the summit of these mountains
212
503000
2000
अपितु, मेघावरण पनि पर्वत शिखर भन्दा तल हुन्छ
08:40
so that the telescopes have
213
505000
2000
जस्ले गर्दा दूरदर्शकलाई
08:42
about 300 days of clear skies.
214
507000
2000
लग्भग् ३०० दिन जति स्पष्ट आकाश प्राप्त गर्छन् ।
08:44
Finally, I want to take you to Antarctica.
215
509000
2000
परिशेषे, म तपाँइँहरुलाई अण्टार्क्टिका(पृथ्वीको दक्षिणतम महाद्वीप) मा लान चाँहाँन्छु ।
08:46
I want to spend most of my time on this part of the world.
216
511000
4000
म मेरो अधिक समय भूमण्डको यो भागमा विताउँन चाँहाँन्छु ।
08:50
This is cosmology's final frontier.
217
515000
2000
यो ब्रह्ममाण्डको सीमान्त हो ।
08:52
Some of the most amazing experiments,
218
517000
2000
केहि अधिकतम अद्भुत प्रयोगहरु,
08:54
some of the most extreme experiments,
219
519000
2000
केहि अधिकतम चरम प्रयोगहरु,
08:56
are being done in Antarctica.
220
521000
2000
अण्टार्क्टिकामा गरिदै छ ।
08:58
I was there to view something called a long-duration balloon flight,
221
523000
3000
दीर्घावधि वायुकुम्भ(बेलुन्)को अपगम(उडान) हेर्न म त्याँहाँ पुगेको थिएँ,
09:01
which basically takes telescopes and instruments
222
526000
3000
जसले मूलतः दूरदर्शक एवं उपकरणहरुलाई
09:04
all the way to the upper atmosphere,
223
529000
2000
उच्चतर वायुमण्डल सम्म,
09:06
the upper stratosphere, 40 km up.
224
531000
3000
उच्चतर समतापमण्डल, ४० किलोमिटर् माथि लैजान्छ ।
09:09
And that's where they do their experiments,
225
534000
2000
अनि त्याँहाँ जाँहाँ तिनीहरुले आफ्नो प्रयोगहरु गर्ने भनेको,
09:11
and then the balloon, the payload, is brought down.
226
536000
3000
अनि त्यसपछि त्यो वायुकुम्भ, नीतभारलाई तल ल्याईन्छ ।
09:14
So this is us landing on the Ross Ice Shelf in Antarctica.
227
539000
3000
र यो हामि हौँ अण्टार्क्टिकाको रस् नामक हिम् मञ्चमा ।
09:17
That's an American C-17 cargo plane
228
542000
2000
त्यो एक अमेरिकी सी-१७ नामक प्रभार विमान हो
09:19
that flew us from New Zealand
229
544000
2000
जस्ले हामिलाई न्यूजील्याण्ड्देशबाट
09:21
to McMurdo in Antarctica.
230
546000
2000
अण्टार्क्टिकाको म्याक्मर्डोमा ल्याई पुर्यायो ।
09:23
And here we are about to board our bus.
231
548000
2000
अब हामि बस् चढ्न लाग्दैछौँ ।
09:25
And I don't know if you can read the lettering,
232
550000
2000
र मलाई थाहा छैन यदि तपाँइँ अक्षर पढ्न सक्नुहुन्छ वा हुन्न,
09:27
but it says, "Ivan the Terribus."
233
552000
3000
तर के लेखियो छ भने, "इवान, भयानक बस् ।"
09:30
And that's taking us to McMurdo.
234
555000
3000
अनि यस्ले हामीलाई म्याक्मर्डो पुर्याउँने छ ।
09:33
And this is the scene that greets you in McMurdo.
235
558000
3000
एवं यो त्यो दृश्य हो जस्ले तपाँइँलाई म्याक्मोर्डोमा स्वागत् गर्नेछ ।
09:36
And you barely might be able to make out
236
561000
2000
अनि तपाँइँले त्याँहाँ त्यो गाह्रो गरि देख्नुभएको
09:38
this hut here.
237
563000
2000
चाँहि कुटी हो ।
09:40
This hut was built by Robert Falcon Scott and his men
238
565000
3000
कुटी जुन रोबर्ट् फाल्कन् स्कट् र उनका व्यक्तिहरुले निर्माण गरेको
09:43
when they first came to Antarctica
239
568000
2000
जब तिनीहरु प्रथम पटक अण्टार्क्टिका आएका थिए
09:45
on their first expedition to go to the South Pole.
240
570000
2000
तिनीहरुको प्रथम दक्षिण ध्रुव अभियानका लागि ।
09:47
Because it's so cold,
241
572000
2000
याँहाँ यति शीत(चिसो) छ कि,
09:49
the entire contents of that hut is still as they left it,
242
574000
3000
कुटीका सम्पूर्ण सामाग्रीहरु जस्तो छोडेको त्यस्तै छन्,
09:52
with the remnants of the last meal they cooked still there.
243
577000
3000
यति सम्म की तिनीहरुले पकाएको खानाको अवशेष अझै त्याँहाँ छ ।
09:55
It's an extraordinary place.
244
580000
2000
यो असाधारण स्थान हो ।
09:57
This is McMurdo itself. About a thousand people work here in summer,
245
582000
3000
म्याक्मोर्डो नै यहि हो । याँहाँ ग्रीष्मकामला अनुमानित हजार जन कर्म गर्छन्,
10:00
and about 200 in winter
246
585000
2000
र अनुमाति २०० शीतकालमा
10:02
when it's completely dark for six months.
247
587000
2000
जब याँहाँ सम्पूर्णै अन्धकारमय हुन्छ, छ मासको लागि ।
10:04
I was here to see the launch
248
589000
2000
म याँहाँ आरम्भको लाई थिएँ
10:06
of this particular type of instrument.
249
591000
2000
एक यस्तै विशेष उपकरणको ।
10:08
This is a cosmic ray experiment
250
593000
2000
यो एक अन्तरिक्ष किरण प्रयोग हो
10:10
that has been launched all the way to the upper-stratosphere
251
595000
3000
जुन उच्चतर समतापमण्डलमा आरम्भ गरियो
10:13
to an altitude of 40 km.
252
598000
2000
४० किलोमिटर्को तुङ्गतामा ।
10:15
What I want you to imagine is this is two tons in weight.
253
600000
3000
म तपाँइँलाई के कल्पना गराउँन चाँहान्छु भने यो द्वि टन् भारको छ ।
10:18
So you're using a balloon
254
603000
2000
अनि तपाँइँले एक वायुकुम्भ प्रयोग गर्दैहुनुहुन्छ
10:20
to carry something that is two tons
255
605000
2000
द्वि सय किलोको भार बोक्न
10:22
all the way to an altitude of 40 km.
256
607000
3000
त्यो पनि ४० किलोमिटर्को तुङ्गता (उच्चाई) सम्म ।
10:25
And the engineers, the technicians, the physicists
257
610000
3000
एवं अभियन्त्रकहरु, प्रविधिज्ञहरु, भौतिकज्ञहरुले
10:28
have all got to assemble on the Ross Ice Shelf,
258
613000
3000
रस् हिम् मञ्चमा नै समुच्चयन गर्नु पर्छ,
10:31
because Antarctica -- I won't go into the reasons why --
259
616000
3000
किनकी यो अण्टार्क्टिका -- म कारण सम्म जान्न किन --
10:34
but it's one of the most favorable places for doing these balloon launches,
260
619000
2000
तर यो वायुकुम्भ प्रारम्भ गर्ने अधितम अनुकूल स्थान हो,
10:36
except for the weather.
261
621000
2000
अपक्षयण(मौसम्) बाहेक ।
10:38
The weather, as you can imagine,
262
623000
2000
अपक्षयण, तपाँइँ कल्पना गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ,
10:40
this is summer, and you're standing on 200 ft of ice.
263
625000
2000
यो ग्रीष्म हो र तपाँइँ २०० फिट्को हिम्‌मा उभ्भिनु भइरहेहो छ ।
10:42
And there's a volcano behind,
264
627000
2000
अनि पछाडि छ ज्वालामुखी,
10:44
which has glaciers at the very top.
265
629000
2000
जस्को अति शिखरमा हिमनदिहरु छन् ।
10:46
And what they have to do
266
631000
2000
अनि हामीगर्नु पर्ने हे हो भन्दा
10:48
is they have to assemble the entire balloon --
267
633000
2000
त्यो कुल वायुकुम्भलाई समुच्चयन गर्ने --
10:50
the fabric, parachute and everything -- on the ice
268
635000
3000
वस्त्र, अवतरण छत्र तथा सर्वसामाग्री -- हिम् मा
10:53
and then fill it up with helium.
269
638000
2000
र त्यसमा हीलियम् भर्ने ।
10:55
And that process takes about two hours.
270
640000
2000
यो प्रक्रियालाई अनुमानित द्वि घण्टा लग्छ ।
10:57
And the weather can change as they're putting together this whole assembly.
271
642000
3000
र अपक्षयण कुनै बेला पनि हामीले समुच्चयन गर्दा गर्दै परिवर्तन हुनसक्छ ।
11:00
For instance, here they are laying down the balloon fabric behind,
272
645000
3000
उदाहरणस्वरूप, याँहाँ तिनीहरु वायुकुम्भको वस्त्र तल राख्दै छन्,
11:03
which is eventually going to be filled up with helium.
273
648000
3000
जस्मा अन्ततः हीलियम् भरिने छ ।
11:06
Those two trucks you see at the very end
274
651000
2000
ति द्वि ट्रकहरु जुन तपाँइँ अति अन्तमा देख्दैहुनुहुन्छ
11:08
carry 12 tanks each of compressed helium.
275
653000
3000
तिनीहरुमध्ये एक एकैले १२ टङ्की सम्पीडित हीलियम् बोक्छन् ।
11:11
Now, in case the weather changes before the launch,
276
656000
3000
अब, यदि प्रारम्भ पूर्व अपक्षयण परिवर्तन भयो भने,
11:14
they have to actually pack everything back up into their boxes
277
659000
3000
तिनीहरुले साँच्चैनै सम्पूर्ण सामाग्रीहरु आफ्नो भाण्डहरुमा राख्नु पर्ने छ
11:17
and take it out back to McMurdo Station.
278
662000
3000
र म्याक्मोर्डो प्रेक्षणस्थलमा लानुपर्ने छ ।
11:20
And this particular balloon,
279
665000
2000
यो विशेष वायुकुम्भ,
11:22
because it has to launch two tons of weight,
280
667000
2000
किनकी यस्ले द्वि टन् भार प्रमोचन गर्नुपर्छ
11:24
is an extremely huge balloon.
281
669000
3000
एक विशाल वायुकुम्भ हो ।
11:27
The fabric alone weighs two tons.
282
672000
2000
यो वस्त्रमात्रै भारमा द्वि टन् छ ।
11:29
In order to minimize the weight,
283
674000
3000
भार घटाउँनका निम्ति,
11:32
it's very thin, it's as thin as a sandwich wrapper.
284
677000
2000
यो यति अतिकृश हुन्छ की खाना भेर्ने आवेष्टन जति कृश ।
11:34
And if they have to pack it back,
285
679000
2000
र तिनीहरुले त्यस्लाई पुनः सवेष्‍टन गर्नुपर्नेछ ।
11:36
they have to put it into boxes
286
681000
2000
अनि भाण्डमा राख्नुपर्नेछ ।
11:38
and stamp on it so that it fits into the box again --
287
683000
3000
अनि भाण्ड भित्र अटोस् भन्ने हेतुले त्यस माथि सम्पीडिन गर्नपर्नेछ --
11:41
except, when they did it first,
288
686000
2000
अपवाद के छ भने, तिनीहरुले प्रथम पटक गर्दा,
11:43
it would have been done in Texas.
289
688000
2000
टेक्सस् राज्यमा गरेकाहुन्थे ।
11:45
Here, they can't do it with the kind shoes they're wearing,
290
690000
3000
याँहाँ, तिनीहरुले जुन प्रकारको जुत्तालाएका छन् त्यसले त्यो गर्न मिल्दैन,
11:48
so they have to take their shoes off,
291
693000
2000
त्यसैले तिनीहरुले आफ्नो जुत्ता फुकाल्नु पर्छ,
11:50
get barefoot into the boxes, in this cold,
292
695000
2000
र भाण्डलाई नाङ्गो खुट्टाले थिच्चनुपर्छ यो शीतकालमा
11:52
and do that kind of work.
293
697000
2000
र त्यस्तो कर्म गर्छन् ।
11:54
That's the kind of dedication these people have.
294
699000
2000
त्यस्तो निष्ठा छ यी व्यक्तिहरुमा ।
11:56
Here's the balloon being filled up with helium,
295
701000
2000
याँहाँ वायुकुम्भ हीलियम् ले भरिँदैछ,
11:58
and you can see it's a gorgeous sight.
296
703000
2000
र तपाँइँ देख्न सक्नु हुन्छ यो भव्य दृश्य छ ।
12:00
Here's a scene
297
705000
2000
याँहाँ छ त्यो दृश्य
12:02
that shows you the balloon and the payload end-to-end.
298
707000
2000
जब वायुकुम्भ तथा भारयोग शेष-सरासरि छन् ।
12:04
So the balloon is being filled up with helium on the left-hand side,
299
709000
3000
अनि त्यो वायुकुम्भ वाम्-हस्त पक्षमा हीलियम्ले भरिदै छ,
12:07
and the fabric actually runs all the way to the middle
300
712000
3000
र त्यो वस्त्र साँच्चैनै मध्य भाग सम्म पुग्छ
12:10
where there's a piece of electronics and explosives
301
715000
3000
जाँहाँ वैद्युतुपकरणहरु तथा विस्फोटकहरु
12:13
being connected to a parachute,
302
718000
2000
अवतरण छत्रमा जोडिदै छन्,
12:15
and then the parachute is then connected to the payload.
303
720000
2000
तथा त्यो अवतरण-छत्र चाँहि भारयोगमा जोडिन्छ ।
12:17
And remember, all this wiring is being done
304
722000
2000
अनि स्मरण रहोस्, यो सम्पूर्णै तार स्थापन गरिदैछ
12:19
by people in extreme cold, in sub-zero temperatures.
305
724000
3000
त्यस्तो चरम शीतमा उपशून्य तापमानमा, ती व्यक्तिहरुबाट ।
12:22
They're wearing about 15 kg of clothing and stuff,
306
727000
3000
तिनीहरु आफै १५ किलो भारको परिधान लगाएका छन्,
12:25
but they have to take their gloves off in order to do that.
307
730000
3000
तर तिनीहरुलाई आफ्नो पञ्जा फुकालेर कर्म गर्नुपर्छ ।
12:28
And I would like to share with you a launch.
308
733000
3000
र म तपाँइँहरु सँग एक प्रारम्भन बाँड्न चाहान्छु,
12:31
(Video) Radio: Okay, release the balloon,
309
736000
2000
(चलदृश्ये) दूरश्रवण- हुन्छ, वायुकुम्भ मुक्त गर,
12:33
release the balloon, release the balloon.
310
738000
3000
कुम्भ मुक्त गर, कुम्भ मुक्त गर ।
13:04
Anil Ananthaswamy: And I'll finally like to leave you with two images.
311
769000
3000
अनिल अनाथस्वामि- परिशेषे म तपाँइँहरुलाई द्वि चित्रसँगै छोड्न चाहान्छु ।
13:07
This is an observatory in the Himalayas, in Ladakh in India.
312
772000
3000
यो भारतको लदाक् हिमाली क्षेत्रास्वथित एक वेधशाला हो ।
13:10
And the thing I want you to look at here
313
775000
2000
अनि एउटा कुरा म तपाँइँले हर्नुहोला
13:12
is the telescope on the right-hand side.
314
777000
2000
की याँहाँ वामेतर हस्त पक्षमा एक दूरदर्शक ।
13:14
And on the far left there
315
779000
2000
तथा दूर वामे त्याँहाँ
13:16
is a 400 year-old Buddhist monastery.
316
781000
2000
एक ४०० वर्ष प्राचीन बौद्ध विहार छ ।
13:18
This is a close-up of the Buddhist monastery.
317
783000
2000
बौद्ध विहारको समीप दृश्‍य हो यो ।
13:20
And I was struck by the juxtaposition
318
785000
3000
म विस्मित भएँ यो सन्निधि देखेर
13:23
of these two enormous disciplines that humanity has.
319
788000
3000
सन्निधि ती मानवतासँग भएकस द्वि प्रकाण्ड विद्याहरु देखेर ।
13:26
One is exploring the cosmos on the outside,
320
791000
3000
एकले बाह्य विश्वब्रह्माण्ड समन्वेषण गर्दै छ,
13:29
and the other one is exploring our interior being.
321
794000
2000
एवं अर्कोले हाम्रो भित्री स्वयमस्तित्व समन्वेषण गर्दै छ ।
13:31
And both require silence of some sort.
322
796000
3000
र दुवैलाई आवश्यक छ शान्ति कुनै प्रकारको भए नी ।
13:34
And what struck me was
323
799000
2000
अनि के ले विस्मित पार्यो भन्दा
13:36
every place that I went to to see these telescopes,
324
801000
2000
प्रत्येक स्थानहरु जाँहाँ म दूरदर्शकादि उपकरण हेर्न गएँ,
13:38
the astronomers and cosmologists
325
803000
2000
खगोलज्ञहरु तथा ब्रह्माणडज्ञहरु
13:40
are in search of a certain kind of silence,
326
805000
2000
विशेष प्रकारको शान्ति अवेक्षण गर्छन्,
13:42
whether it's silence from radio pollution
327
807000
2000
चाहे त्यो विकिरण प्रदूषणबाट शान्ति नै किन नहोस्,
13:44
or light pollution or whatever.
328
809000
3000
वा प्रकाश प्रदूषण बाट अथवा आदि जे भए पनि,
13:47
And it was very obvious
329
812000
2000
सुस्पष्ट के छ भने
13:49
that, if we destroy these silent places on Earth,
330
814000
2000
यदि हामीले यी शान्ति क्षेत्रहरु नाश गर्यौँ भने,
13:51
we will be stuck on a planet without the ability to look outwards,
331
816000
3000
हामी यस्तो ग्रहमा रहनेछौँ जाँहाँ हामीसँग बाह्यिक पक्ष हेर्ने क्षमता रहने छैन,
13:54
because we will not be able to understand the signals that come from outer space.
332
819000
3000
किनकी हामीले बाह्य अन्तरिक्षबाट आएका सङ्केतहरु बुझ्न सक्नेछैनौँ ।
13:57
Thank you.
333
822000
2000
धन्यवाद ।
13:59
(Applause)
334
824000
3000
तालीहरु
Translated by Ujjwol Lamichhane
Reviewed by Jyoti Lamichhane

▲Back to top

ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Anil Ananthaswamy - Author, journalist
Anil Ananthaswamy specializes in writing about neuroscience and physics. He is the author of "The Man Who Wasn’t There," "The Edge of Physics" and the forthcoming "Through Two Doors at Once."

Why you should listen

Anil Ananthaswamy is a consultant for New Scientist in London. He has worked at the magazine in various capacities since 2000, most recently as deputy news editor. He is also a contributor to National Geographic News.

Ananthaswamy worked as a software engineer in Silicon Valley before training as a journalist at the University of California, Santa Cruz. He's the author of The Edge of Physics (published as The Edge of Reason by Penguin in India) and The Man Who Wasn’t There.

More profile about the speaker
Anil Ananthaswamy | Speaker | TED.com