ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Marlon Peterson - Human justice advocate
Marlon Peterson is a writer, youth development expert and human justice advocate.

Why you should listen

Marlon Peterson is the host of the podcast, Decarcerated, which highlights the journeys of resilience, redemption and success of formerly incarcerated people.

Since his release from prison in 2009, after serving 10 years, Peterson has spearheaded the creation of two youth development programs in New York City, How Our Lives Link Altogether (H.O.L.L.A!) and Youth Organizing to Save Our Streets (YO SOS). With a focus on gun violence prevention and youth advocacy, both programs have provided programming for hundreds of young people.

In 2015 Peterson left his full-time work in the nonprofit sector to create The Precedential Group, a social justice consultancy that works to address the trauma revolving around the intersections of race, gender, violence, police violence and community violence. His work through the Precedential Group has allowed him to provide support for organizations throughout the United States and Trinidad & Tobago, W.I.

As a writer, advocate, program developer and public speaker Peterson has been recognized as a Soros Justice Fellow, Aspen Ideas Festival Scholar, Ebony Magazine Power 100 Honoree and TED Resident. His writings have appeared and been cited in The Nation, Gawker, The Atlantic, Huff Post, Black Press USA, Ebony and the Trinidad & Tobago Guardian. He has contributed to Kiese Laymon's aaward-winning novel, How to Slowly Kill Yourself and Others in America and Love Lives Here, Too by former New York Times columnist, Sheila Rule.

Peterson is Brooklyn born and bred with a Trinidadian heart. He is a graduate of New York University and is currently working on his first Pulitzer, a memoir.

More profile about the speaker
Marlon Peterson | Speaker | TED.com
TED Residency

Marlon Peterson: Am I not human? A call for criminal justice reform

Marlon Peterson: Eu não sou humano? Um chamado pela reforma da justiça criminal

Filmed:
1,201,492 views

Por um crime que cometeu aos 20 anos, a justiça condenou Marlon Peterson a 10 anos de prisão e, como ele diz, de um período de vida de irrelevância. Enquanto estava atrás das grades, Peterson encontrou redenção através de um programa penal de mentoria com estudantes do Brooklyn. Nessa palestra corajosa, ele nos lembra por que devemos investir na humanidade daquelas pessoas que a sociedade gostaria de desprezar e descartar.
- Human justice advocate
Marlon Peterson is a writer, youth development expert and human justice advocate. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
She wrote:
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Ela escreveu:
00:14
"When I become famous,
I will tell everyone
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"Quando eu for famosa,
vou contar a todo mundo
que conheço um herói
chamado Marlon Peterson".
00:17
that I know a hero named Marlon Peterson."
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00:20
Heroes rarely look like me.
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Os heróis raramente se parecem comigo.
00:22
In fact,
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Na verdade,
00:24
I'm what garbage looks like.
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o lixo se parece comigo.
00:26
No, not the most appealing
way to open a talk
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Não, não é a forma mais atraente
de abrir uma palestra
00:29
or start a conversation,
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ou começar uma conversa,
00:30
and perhaps you have some questions
going through your head about that.
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e talvez algumas perguntas
estejam passando por sua mente.
"Por que ele diria esse tipo
de coisa sobre si mesmo?"
00:34
Why would this man say
such a thing about himself?
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00:36
What does he mean?
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"O que ele quer dizer?"
00:38
How can someone view him as a hero
when he sees himself as garbage?
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"Como alguém pode vê-lo como herói,
quando ele próprio se vê como lixo?"
00:43
I believe we learn more from questions
than we do from answers.
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Acredito que aprendemos mais
com perguntas do que com respostas.
00:46
Because when we're questioning something,
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Porque quando estamos questionando algo,
00:48
we're invested in taking in
some sort of new information,
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estamos interessados em conseguir
algum tipo de informação nova,
00:52
or grappling with some sort of ignorance
that makes us feel uncomfortable.
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ou combater alguma ignorância
que nos faz sentir desconfortáveis.
00:56
And that's why I'm here:
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E é por isso que estou aqui:
00:58
to push us to question,
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pra nos pressionar a perguntar
00:59
even when it makes us uncomfortable.
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mesmo quando isso
nos deixe desconfortáveis.
01:02
My parents are from Trinidad and Tobago,
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Meus pais são de Trinidad e Tobago,
01:05
the southernmost island in the Caribbean.
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a ilha mais ao sul do Caribe.
01:07
Trinidad is also home
to the only acoustic instrument
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Trinidad também é o lar
do único instrumento acústico
01:10
invented in the 20th century:
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inventado no século 21:
01:12
the steel pan.
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o tambor de aço.
01:14
Deriving from the African drums
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Originado dos tambores africanos
01:16
and evolving from the genius
of one of the ghettos in Trinidad,
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e desenvolvido pela genialidade
de um dos guetos de Trinidad,
01:20
a city called Laventille,
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uma cidade chamada Laventille,
01:21
and the disregard
of the American military ...
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e do descaso dos militares americanos...
01:25
Well, I should tell you,
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Bem, devo dizer a vocês,
01:26
America, during WWII, had
military bases set up in Trinidad,
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os EUA, durante a Segunda Guerra,
tinham bases militares em Trinidad,
01:30
and when the war ended,
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e, quando a guerra acabou,
01:31
they left the island littered
with empty oil drums --
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eles deixaram a ilha entulhada
de tambores de óleo vazios...
01:35
their trash.
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o lixo deles.
01:36
So people from Laventille
repurposed the old drums left behind
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O povo de Laventille deu novo destino
aos tambores de óleo deixados pra trás
01:41
into the full chromatic scale:
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em toda escala cromática:
01:43
the steel pan.
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o tambor de aço.
01:45
Playing music now from Beethoven
to Bob Marley to 50 Cent,
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Tocando de Beethoven
a Bob Marley, a 50 Cent,
01:49
those people literally made
music out of garbage.
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essas pessoas literalmente
fizeram música a partir do lixo.
01:54
Twelve days before my 20th birthday,
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Doze dias antes
do meu vigésimo aniversário,
01:57
I was arrested for my role
in a violent robbery attempt
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fui preso por me envolver
em uma violenta tentativa de assalto
02:01
in lower Manhattan.
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em Lower Manhattan;
02:03
While people were sitting
in a coffee shop,
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enquanto as pessoas
estavam em uma cafeteria.
02:06
four people were shot.
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Quatro pessoas foram baleadas.
02:09
Two were killed.
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Duas foram mortas.
02:11
Five of us were arrested.
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Cinco de nós foram presos.
02:14
We were all the products
of Trinidad and Tobago.
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Todos nós éramos produto
de Trinidad e Tobago.
02:16
We were the "bad immigrants,"
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Éramos os "maus imigrantes"
ou os "bebês-âncora"
02:18
or the "anchor babies" that Trump
and millions of Americans easily malign.
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que o Trump e milhões
de norte-americanos difamam facilmente.
02:23
I was discarded, like waste material --
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Eu fui descartado, como rejeito...
02:26
and justifiably so to many.
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e, para muitos, com razão.
02:29
I eventually served 10 years, two months
and seven days of a prison sentence.
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Por fim, cumpri pena na prisão
por dez anos, dois meses e sete dias.
02:34
I was sentenced to a decade of punishment
in a correctional institution.
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Fui condenado a uma década de punição
em uma instituição correcional.
02:39
I was sentenced to irrelevance --
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Fui condenado à irrelevância,
02:42
the opposite of humanity.
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o oposto de humanidade.
02:45
Interestingly,
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Curiosamente,
02:46
it was during those years in prison
that a series of letters redeemed me,
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foi durante esses anos na prisão
que uma série de cartas me redimiram,
me ajudaram a me mover
para além da escuridão e da culpa
02:51
helped me move beyond
the darkness and the guilt
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02:54
associated with the worst
moment of my young life.
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associadas ao pior momento
da minha jovem vida.
02:58
It gave me a sense that I was useful.
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E me deram a sensação de ser útil.
03:00
She was 13 years old.
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Ela tinha 13 anos.
03:03
She had wrote that she saw me as a hero.
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Ela escreveu que me via como um herói.
03:06
I remember reading that,
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Eu me lembro de ler isso,
03:07
and I remember crying
when I read those words.
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e me lembro de chorar
ao ler essas palavras.
03:11
She was one of over 50 students
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Ela era uma dos mais de 50 estudentes
03:13
and 150 letters that I wrote during
a mentoring correspondence program
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e 150 cartas que escrevi em um programa
de mentoria por correspondência
03:17
that I co-designed with a friend
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que projetei junto com um amigo
03:19
who was a teacher
at a middle school in Brooklyn,
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que era professor em uma escola
fundamental no Brooklyn, onde nasci.
03:21
my hometown.
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Nós o chamamos
de "Young Scholars Program".
03:23
We called it the Young Scholars Program.
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03:25
Every time those young people
shared their stories with me,
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Cada vez que esses jovens
compartilhavam suas histórias comigo,
03:29
their struggles,
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suas batalhas,
03:31
every time they drew a picture
of their favorite cartoon character
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cada vez que eles desenhavam
seu personagem preferido
03:35
and sent it to me,
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e me mandavam,
03:36
every time they said they depended
on my letters or my words of advice,
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cada vez que eles diziam que dependiam
de minhas cartas ou de meus conselhos,
03:40
it boosted my sense of worthiness.
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isso aumentava minha dignidade.
03:43
It gave me a sense of what
I could contribute to this planet.
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Isso me dava a sensação de que eu podia
contribuir para com este planeta.
Isso transformou minha vida.
03:47
It transformed my life.
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03:49
Because of those letters
and what they shared with me,
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Essas cartas, e o que elas
compartilharam comigo,
03:52
their stories of teen life,
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suas histórias de vida adolescente,
03:54
they gave me the permission,
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me deram a permissão,
03:56
they gave me the courage
to admit to myself
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me deram a coragem de admitir a mim mesmo
03:58
that there were reasons -- not excuses --
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que havia razões, não desculpas,
04:01
but that there were reasons
for that fateful day in October of 1999;
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mas havia razões para aquele
dia fatídico em outubro de 1999;
04:06
that the trauma associated
with living in a community
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que o trauma por viver em uma comunidade
04:09
where guns are easier
to get than sneakers;
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na qual é mais fácil
conseguir armas do que tênis;
04:12
that the trauma associated with being
raped at gunpoint at the age of 14;
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que o trauma por ter sido estuprado,
com uma arma na cabeça, aos 14 anos;
04:19
that those are reasons for me
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que essas eram as razões, para mim,
04:22
why making that decision,
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para que aquela decisão que tomei,
04:24
that fatal decision,
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aquela decisão fatídica,
04:25
was not an unlikely proposition.
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não fosse algo improvável.
04:28
Because those letters
mattered so much to me,
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Como essa cartas
significaram muito para mim,
04:30
because writing and receiving
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e escrever, receber e ter essa
comunicação com aquela galera
04:32
and having that communication
with those folks
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impactou tanto a minha vida,
decidi compartilhar a oportunidade
04:34
so hugely impacted my life,
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04:36
I decided to share the opportunity
with some friends of mine
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com alguns amigos
que estavam presos comigo.
04:39
who were also inside with me.
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Meus amigos Bill, Cory e Arocks,
04:40
My friends Bill and Cory and Arocks,
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04:42
all in prison for violent crimes also,
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todos na prisão,
também por crimes violentos,
04:44
shared their words of wisdom
with the young people as well,
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também compartilharam
suas palavras de sabedoria com os jovens,
04:47
and received the sense
of relevancy in return.
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e receberam em troca
a sensação de relevância.
04:50
We are now published writers
and youth program innovators
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Agora somos escritores publicados,
inovadores em programas para jovens,
04:53
and trauma experts
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especialistas em trauma,
04:55
and gun violence prevention advocates,
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defensores da prevenção da violência
com armas, palestrantes TED,
04:57
and TED talkers and --
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04:58
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
04:59
and good daddies.
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e bons pais.
05:01
That's what I call a positive
return of investment.
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Isso é o que eu chamo
de retorno positivo de investimento.
05:04
Above all else,
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Acima de tudo,
05:05
what building that program
taught me was that when we sow,
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construir esse programa
me ensinou que, quando semeamos,
05:09
when we invest in the humanity
of people no matter where they're at,
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quando investimos na humanidade
das pessoas, não importa onde estejam,
05:13
we can reap amazing rewards.
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podemos colher recompensas incríveis.
05:16
In this latest era
of criminal justice reform,
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Nessa recente era
de reforma da justiça criminal,
05:19
I often question and wonder why --
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eu sempre questiono
e me pergunto por que...
05:22
why is it that so many believe
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por que tantos acreditam que só
05:24
that only those who have been convicted
of nonviolent drug offenses
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os condenados por delitos não violentos
relacionados a drogas
05:28
merit empathy and recognized humanity?
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merecem empatia e reconhecimento
da sua humanidade?
05:33
Criminal justice reform is human justice.
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A reforma da justiça criminal
é justiça humana.
05:35
Am I not human?
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Eu não sou humano?
05:38
When we invest in resources
that amplify the relevancy of people
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Quando investimos em recursos
que ampliam a relevância das pessoas
em comunidades como Laventille, partes
do Brooklyn ou um gueto próximo a você,
05:43
in communities like Laventille
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05:44
or parts of Brooklyn or a ghetto near you,
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05:47
we can literally create
the communities that we want.
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podemos literalmente criar
as comunidades que queremos.
05:50
We can do better.
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Podemos fazer melhor.
Podemos fazer melhor do que só investir
na aplicação da lei como único recurso,
05:51
We can do better than investing solely
in law enforcement as a resource,
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05:55
because they don't give us
a sense of relevancy
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porque isso não nos dá
o sentido de relevância
05:58
that is at the core of why so many of us
do so many harmful things
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que está no centro do motivo para muitos
de nós fazerem coisas tão danosas
06:01
in the pursuit of mattering.
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na busca por ter importância.
06:05
See, gun violence is just a visible
display of a lot of underlying traumas.
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Vejam, a violência armada é só uma amostra
de muitos traumas subjacentes.
06:10
When we invest in the redemptive
value of relevancy,
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Quando investimos no valor
redentor da relevância,
06:13
we can render a return of both
personal responsibility and healing.
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podemos resgatar a cura
e a responsabilidade pessoal.
06:18
That's the people work I care about,
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É com esse tipo de trabalho
que me importo,
06:20
because people work.
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porque as pessoas trabalham.
06:23
Family, I'm asking you
to do the hard work,
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Família, estou pedindo
que vocês façam o trabalho duro,
06:27
the difficult work,
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o trabalho difícil,
06:28
the churning work of bestowing
undeserved kindness
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o complicado trabalho
de oferecer bondade não merecida
àqueles que podemos tratar como lixo,
06:31
upon those who we can relegate as garbage,
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que podemos desprezar
e descartar facilmente.
06:34
who we can disregard and discard easily.
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06:37
I'm asking myself.
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Eu peço isso a mim mesmo.
06:39
Over the past two months,
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Nos últimos dois meses,
06:41
I've lost two friends to gun violence,
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perdi dois amigos para a violência armada,
06:44
both innocent bystanders.
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os dois eram espectadores inocentes.
06:46
One was caught in a drive-by
while walking home.
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Um foi atingido por tiros disparados
de um carro quando ia a pé para casa.
06:51
The other was sitting in a café
while eating breakfast,
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O outro estava em uma cafeteria
tomando café da manhã,
06:54
while on vacation in Miami.
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enquanto passava férias em Miami.
06:57
I'm asking myself to see
the redemptive value of relevancy
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Eu peço a mim mesmo para ver
o valor redentor da relevância
07:01
in the people that murdered them,
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nas pessoas que os assassinaram,
07:03
because of the hard work
of seeing the value in me.
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pelo difícil trabalho de ver valor em mim.
07:06
I'm pushing us to challenge
our own capacity
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Estou nos forçando a desafiar
nossa própria capacidade
07:11
to fully experience our humanity,
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de vivenciar totalmente nossa humanidade,
07:13
by understanding the full biography
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compreendendo a biografia completa
07:15
of people who we can
easily choose not to see,
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das pessoas que podemos
facilmente optar por não ver,
07:19
because heroes are waiting
to be recognized,
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porque os heróis estão esperando
para serem reconhecidos,
07:23
and music is waiting to be made.
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e a música está esperando para ser feita.
07:25
Thank you.
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Obrigado.
07:27
(Applause)
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(Aplausos) (Vivas)
Translated by Cláudia Sander
Reviewed by Leonardo Silva

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Marlon Peterson - Human justice advocate
Marlon Peterson is a writer, youth development expert and human justice advocate.

Why you should listen

Marlon Peterson is the host of the podcast, Decarcerated, which highlights the journeys of resilience, redemption and success of formerly incarcerated people.

Since his release from prison in 2009, after serving 10 years, Peterson has spearheaded the creation of two youth development programs in New York City, How Our Lives Link Altogether (H.O.L.L.A!) and Youth Organizing to Save Our Streets (YO SOS). With a focus on gun violence prevention and youth advocacy, both programs have provided programming for hundreds of young people.

In 2015 Peterson left his full-time work in the nonprofit sector to create The Precedential Group, a social justice consultancy that works to address the trauma revolving around the intersections of race, gender, violence, police violence and community violence. His work through the Precedential Group has allowed him to provide support for organizations throughout the United States and Trinidad & Tobago, W.I.

As a writer, advocate, program developer and public speaker Peterson has been recognized as a Soros Justice Fellow, Aspen Ideas Festival Scholar, Ebony Magazine Power 100 Honoree and TED Resident. His writings have appeared and been cited in The Nation, Gawker, The Atlantic, Huff Post, Black Press USA, Ebony and the Trinidad & Tobago Guardian. He has contributed to Kiese Laymon's aaward-winning novel, How to Slowly Kill Yourself and Others in America and Love Lives Here, Too by former New York Times columnist, Sheila Rule.

Peterson is Brooklyn born and bred with a Trinidadian heart. He is a graduate of New York University and is currently working on his first Pulitzer, a memoir.

More profile about the speaker
Marlon Peterson | Speaker | TED.com