ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Kelley - Designer, educator
David Kelley’s company IDEO helped create many icons of the digital generation -- but what matters even more to him is unlocking the creative potential of people and organizations to innovate routinely.

Why you should listen

As founder of legendary design firm IDEO, David Kelley built the company that created many icons of the digital generation -- the first mouse, the first Treo, the thumbs up/thumbs down button on your Tivo's remote control, to name a few. But what matters even more to him is unlocking the creative potential of people and organizations so they can innovate routinely.

David Kelley's most enduring contributions to the field of design are a methodology and culture of innovation. More recently, he led the creation of the groundbreaking d.school at Stanford, the Hasso Plattner Institute of Design, where students from the business, engineering, medicine, law, and other diverse disciplines develop the capacity to solve complex problems collaboratively and creatively.

Kelley was working (unhappily) as an electrical engineer when he heard about Stanford's cross-disciplinary Joint Program in Design, which merged engineering and art. What he learned there -- a human-centered, team-based approach to tackling sticky problems through design -- propelled his professional life as a "design thinker."

In 1978, he co-founded the design firm that ultimately became IDEO, now emulated worldwide for its innovative, user-centered approach to design. IDEO works with a range of clients -- from food and beverage conglomerates to high tech startups, hospitals to universities, and today even governments -- conceiving breakthrough innovations ranging from a life-saving portable defibrillator to a new kind of residence for wounded warriors, and helping organizations build their own innovation culture.

Today, David serves as chair of IDEO and is the Donald W. Whittier Professor at Stanford, where he has taught for more than 25 years. Preparing the design thinkers of tomorrow earned David the Sir Misha Black Medal for his “distinguished contribution to design education.” He has also won the Edison Achievement Award for Innovation, as well as the Chrysler Design Award and National Design Award in Product Design from the Smithsonian’s Cooper-Hewitt National Design Museum, and he is a member of the National Academy of Engineers.

More profile about the speaker
David Kelley | Speaker | TED.com
TED2012

David Kelley: How to build your creative confidence

大卫.凯利:如何建立创造力自信心

Filmed:
5,317,375 views

你的学校或者工作场所是不是把人分为创造型和现实型?然而,大卫.凯利确信创造力可不是少数人的专利。从他传奇的设计事业和个人生活中,他展示了建立创造力自信心的方法……(TED 2012设计工作室专场,来宾策展人是Chee Pearlman 和 David Rockwell)
- Designer, educator
David Kelley’s company IDEO helped create many icons of the digital generation -- but what matters even more to him is unlocking the creative potential of people and organizations to innovate routinely. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
I wanted to talk to you today今天
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今天我想讲一讲
00:18
about creative创作的 confidence置信度.
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关于创造力自信心的问题
00:20
I'm going to start开始 way back in the third第三 grade年级
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最开始我要追溯到
00:23
at Oakdale奥克代尔 School学校 in Barberton巴伯, Ohio俄亥俄州.
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我还在俄亥俄州巴伯顿的欧克代尔学校上三年级的时候
00:26
I remember记得 one day my best最好 friend朋友 Brian布赖恩 was working加工 on a project项目.
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记得有一天,我最好的朋友布莱恩正在做手工
00:31
He was making制造 a horse out of the clay粘土
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他在用老师放在水池下的陶土
00:34
that our teacher老师 kept不停 under the sink水槽.
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做一匹马
00:36
And at one point, one of the girls女孩 who was sitting坐在 at his table,
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忽然,跟他同桌的一个女孩儿
00:40
seeing眼看 what he was doing,
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看到他在做的东西
00:42
leaned凑近 over and said to him,
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靠过来说道
00:44
"That's terrible可怕. That doesn't look anything like a horse."
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“真差劲。那看起来一点儿也不像马”
00:47
And Brian'sBrian的 shoulders肩膀 sank沉没.
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布莱恩的肩膀懈下来
00:51
And he wadded up the clay粘土 horse and he threw it back in the bin箱子.
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把陶土小马捏成一团,扔进了垃圾箱
00:53
I never saw Brian布赖恩 do a project项目 like that ever again.
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之后我再也没见过布莱恩做类似的手工了
00:59
And I wonder奇迹 how often经常 that happens发生.
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我想知道这种事有多普遍
01:02
It seems似乎 like when I tell that story故事 of Brian布赖恩 to my class,
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当我对学生们讲布莱恩的故事时
01:07
a lot of them want to come up after class
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似乎有很多人想在课后留下来
01:10
and tell me about their similar类似 experience经验,
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告诉了我他们自己类似的经历
01:12
how a teacher老师 shut关闭 them down
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老师如何贬低他们
01:14
or how a student学生 was particularly尤其 cruel残忍 to them.
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同学如何不留情面
01:16
And some opt选择 out thinking思维 of themselves他们自己
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其中一些人从此再也不相信
01:19
as creative创作的 at that point.
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自己是有创意的人
01:21
And I see that opting选择加入 out that happens发生 in childhood童年,
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我发现这种童年时的改变
01:26
and it moves移动 in and becomes more ingrained根深蒂固,
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会变得越来越深刻
01:28
even by the time you get to adult成人 life.
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甚至直至成年
01:32
So we see a lot of this.
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所以我们看到很多这样的例子
01:36
When we have a workshop作坊
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当我们办讲座
01:39
or when we have clients客户 in to work with us side-by-side并排侧,
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或是与客户在一起工作的时候
01:41
eventually终于 we get to the point in the process处理
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最终我们会进入一个环节
01:44
that's fuzzy模糊 or unconventional非传统的.
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一个模糊的、非常规的环节
01:46
And eventually终于 these bigshot大人物 executives高管 whip鞭子 out their Blackberries黑莓
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最终,这些高层经理会抽出他们的黑莓手机
01:51
and they say they have to make really important重要 phone电话 calls电话,
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说他们必须打几个非常重要的电话
01:54
and they head for the exits退出.
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然后就走出了房间
01:55
And they're just so uncomfortable不舒服.
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他们感到极不舒服
01:58
When we track跟踪 them down and ask them what's going on,
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当我们跟踪调查,问他们到底是怎么回事
02:00
they say something like, "I'm just not the creative创作的 type类型."
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他们回答道:“我真不是创造型的人”
02:04
But we know that's not true真正.
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我们知道事实并非如此
02:06
If they stick with the process处理, if they stick with it,
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如果他们坚持到底
02:10
they end结束 up doing amazing惊人 things
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就会取得非常惊人的成果
02:12
and they surprise themselves他们自己 just how innovative创新
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然后他们会感到非常惊奇
02:15
they and their teams球队 really are.
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自己和所在团队是多么有创意
02:16
So I've been looking at this fear恐惧 of judgment判断 that we have.
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所以我一直在研究这种评价恐惧症
02:23
That you don't do things, you're afraid害怕 you're going to be judged判断.
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你不去做一件事,因为你害怕被评价
02:26
If you don't say the right creative创作的 thing, you're going to be judged判断.
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如果你说不出正确的有创造性的想法,就会被品头论足
02:30
And I had a major重大的 breakthrough突破
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我的主要突破发生在
02:33
when I met会见 the psychologist心理学家 Albert阿尔伯特 Bandura班杜拉.
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我遇到心理学家艾伯特.班杜拉(Albert Bandura)之后
02:36
I don't know if you know Albert阿尔伯特 Bandura班杜拉.
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不知你们了不了解艾伯特.班杜拉
02:39
But if you go to Wikipedia维基百科,
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但如果你们查查维基百科
02:40
it says that he's the fourth第四 most important重要 psychologist心理学家 in history历史 --
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上面写着他是历史上最重要的心理学家第四名
02:44
like Freud弗洛伊德, Skinner斯金纳, somebody and Bandura班杜拉.
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弗洛伊德、斯金纳、某某和班杜拉
02:49
Bandura's班杜拉 86 and he still works作品 at Stanford斯坦福.
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班杜拉已经86岁了,还在斯坦福任职
02:53
And he's just a lovely可爱 guy.
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他是一个友善的人
02:55
And so I went to see him
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我去拜访他
02:57
because he has just worked工作 on phobias恐惧症 for a long time,
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因他在恐惧症领域有多年经验
03:01
which哪一个 I'm very interested有兴趣 in.
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而我对此很感兴趣
03:03
He had developed发达 this way, this kind of methodology方法,
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他开发出一种方法
03:09
that ended结束 up curing养护 people in a very short amount of time.
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能在短时间内治好各种恐惧症
03:13
In four hours小时 he had a huge巨大 cure治愈 rate of people who had phobias恐惧症.
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在四小时的治疗时间里,治愈率相当高
03:18
And we talked about snakes. I don't know why we talked about snakes.
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我们谈到了蛇
03:20
We talked about snakes and fear恐惧 of snakes as a phobia恐怖症.
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不过我们就谈到了蛇,以及人对蛇的恐惧
03:24
And it was really enjoyable其乐融融, really interesting有趣.
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谈话令人愉悦,非常有趣
03:28
He told me that he'd他会 invite邀请 the test测试 subject学科 in,
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他告诉我他邀请受试者进入房间
03:34
and he'd他会 say, "You know, there's a snake in the next下一个 room房间
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对他们说:“隔壁房间有一条蛇
03:36
and we're going to go in there."
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我们要走进去”
03:38
To which哪一个, he reported报道, most of them replied回答,
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多数受试者回答
03:42
"Hell地狱 no, I'm not going in there,
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“天哪,不!我肯定不会进去的!
03:43
certainly当然 if there's a snake in there."
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有蛇在那儿”
03:46
But Bandura班杜拉 has a step-by-step一步步 process处理 that was super successful成功.
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班杜拉有一套极为成功的步骤
03:51
So he'd他会 take people to this two-way双向 mirror镜子
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首先他把受试者带到双面镜前
03:54
looking into the room房间 where the snake was,
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观察蛇在房间里的动向
03:56
and he'd他会 get them comfortable自在 with that.
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让人们逐渐适应
03:58
And then through通过 a series系列 of steps脚步,
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然后经过一系列步骤
04:00
he'd他会 move移动 them and they'd他们会 be standing常设 in the doorway门口 with the door open打开
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受试者被带到打开的房间门口站着
04:03
and they'd他们会 be looking in there.
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往里面看
04:05
And he'd他会 get them comfortable自在 with that.
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并逐渐适应
04:07
And then many许多 more steps脚步 later后来, baby宝宝 steps脚步,
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之后还有许多循序渐进的步骤
04:10
they'd他们会 be in the room房间, they'd他们会 have a leather皮革 glove手套 like a welder's焊工 glove手套 on,
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他们进入房间,带着焊工那种皮手套
04:13
and they'd他们会 eventually终于 touch触摸 the snake.
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触摸蛇
04:17
And when they touched感动 the snake everything was fine. They were cured治愈.
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当他们摸到蛇的时候
04:22
In fact事实, everything was better than fine.
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事实上,结果比这更好
04:25
These people who had life-long终身 fears恐惧 of snakes
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这些生来对蛇恐惧的人
04:28
were saying things like,
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说道
04:30
"Look how beautiful美丽 that snake is."
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“看那条蛇多漂亮”
04:33
And they were holding保持 it in their laps.
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他们可以把蛇放在膝盖上
04:36
Bandura班杜拉 calls电话 this process处理 "guided引导 mastery征服."
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班杜拉称之为“引导性掌控”
04:41
I love that term术语: guided引导 mastery征服.
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我喜欢这个术语:“引导性掌控”
04:44
And something else其他 happened发生,
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其他的事发生了
04:46
these people who went through通过 the process处理 and touched感动 the snake
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在这些人经历所有程序最后触摸到蛇后
04:50
ended结束 up having less anxiety焦虑 about other things in their lives生活.
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他们对生活中其他事情的焦虑也都减轻了
04:53
They tried试着 harder更难, they persevered坚持 longer,
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他们更努力,更坚持
04:57
and they were more resilient弹性 in the face面对 of failure失败.
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在失败面前表现得更有韧性
04:59
They just gained获得 a new confidence置信度.
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他们获得了一种新的自信
05:03
And Bandura班杜拉 calls电话 that confidence置信度 self-efficacy自我效能感 --
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班杜拉称这种自信为自我效能
05:09
the sense that you can change更改 the world世界
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一种你能改变世界的感觉
05:12
and that you can attain达到 what you set out to do.
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你能达成自己目标的感觉
05:16
Well meeting会议 Bandura班杜拉 was really cathartic泻药 for me
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与班杜拉的会见对我意义非凡
05:19
because I realized实现 that this famous著名 scientist科学家
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因为我认识到这位著名的科学家
05:23
had documented记录 and scientifically科学 validated验证
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有文献和科学证据来证明
05:25
something that we've我们已经 seen看到 happen发生 for the last 30 years年份.
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我们过去三十年所见证的事情
05:29
That we could take people who had the fear恐惧 that they weren't creative创作的,
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证明了我们可以带领那些惧怕自己没有创造力的人们
05:33
and we could take them through通过 a series系列 of steps脚步,
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通过一系列步骤
05:36
kind of like a series系列 of small successes成功,
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一系列小小的成功
05:40
and they turn fear恐惧 into familiarity熟悉, and they surprise themselves他们自己.
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把惧怕成为熟悉,让他们给自己带来惊喜
05:45
That transformation转型 is amazing惊人.
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这种转变是惊人的
05:46
We see it at the d.school学校 all the time.
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我们不断在斯坦福设计学院(d.school)看到
05:49
People from all different不同 kinds of disciplines学科,
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不同学科的人们
05:51
they think of themselves他们自己 as only analytical分析.
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他们认为自己只是善于分析
05:54
And they come in and they go through通过 the process处理, our process处理,
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他们来我们这儿,经历我们开发的流程
05:58
they build建立 confidence置信度 and now they think of themselves他们自己 differently不同.
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树立自信,对自己产生新的看法
06:01
And they're totally完全 emotionally感情上 excited兴奋
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他们会非常的激动
06:05
about the fact事实 that they walk步行 around
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因为他们从此之后
06:07
thinking思维 of themselves他们自己 as a creative创作的 person.
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会认为自己是有创造力的人
06:09
So I thought one of the things I'd do today今天
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我认为我今天的任务之一
06:12
is take you through通过 and show显示 you what this journey旅程 looks容貌 like.
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就是向你们展示这个过程是怎样的
06:16
To me, that journey旅程 looks容貌 like Doug道格 Dietz迪茨.
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对于我来说,演示这个过程最好的例子就是道格.迪兹(Doug Dietz)
06:20
Doug道格 Dietz迪茨 is a technical技术 person.
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道格.迪兹是个技术型人才
06:25
He designs设计 medical imaging成像 equipment设备,
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他设计医用成像设备
06:27
large medical imaging成像 equipment设备.
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大型的医用成像设备
06:29
He's worked工作 for GE通用电器, and he's had a fantastic奇妙 career事业.
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他为通用电气(GE)工作,有非常成功的事业
06:33
But at one point he had a moment时刻 of crisis危机.
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不过他也曾有危机时刻
06:36
He was in the hospital醫院 looking at one of his MRIMRI machines in use
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他在医院里观察他的核磁共振仪器的实际使用
06:40
when he saw a young年轻 family家庭.
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他看到一个年轻的家庭
06:42
There was a little girl女孩,
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那家的小女孩
06:43
and that little girl女孩 was crying哭了 and was terrified.
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被吓哭了
06:47
And Doug道格 was really disappointed失望 to learn学习
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道格心情沮丧地发现
06:50
that nearly几乎 80 percent百分 of the pediatric小儿科的 patients耐心 in this hospital醫院
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医院里将近80%的儿科患者
06:54
had to be sedated镇静 in order订购 to deal合同 with his MRIMRI machine.
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需要服用镇静剂才能做核磁共振
06:58
And this was really disappointing令人失望 to Doug道格,
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因为这之前他一直为自己的工作感到骄傲
07:01
because before this time he was proud骄傲 of what he did.
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这令道格大为受挫
07:05
He was saving保存 lives生活 with this machine.
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他觉得自己的这台机器能拯救生命
07:07
But it really hurt伤害 him to see the fear恐惧
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然而事实给了他很大打击
07:10
that this machine caused造成 in kids孩子.
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这台机器给孩子们带来的是恐惧
07:12
About that time he was at the d.school学校 at Stanford斯坦福 taking服用 classes.
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就在那时,他正在斯坦福设计学院学习
07:17
He was learning学习 about our process处理
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他知道了我们的流程
07:18
about design设计 thinking思维, about empathy同情,
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关于设计性思维,同情心
07:21
about iterative迭代 prototyping原型.
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以及迭代的原型设计
07:24
And he would take this new knowledge知识
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他运用了这些新知识
07:25
and do something quite相当 extraordinary非凡.
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做出了非凡的成果
07:28
He would redesign重新设计 the entire整个 experience经验 of being存在 scanned扫描.
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他重新设计了扫描检查的全部体验
07:33
And this is what he came来了 up with.
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这就是他的成果
07:35
He turned转身 it into an adventure冒险 for the kids孩子.
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他把核磁共振检查变成了孩子们的大冒险
07:38
He painted the walls墙壁 and he painted the machine,
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他在墙上和机器上画上图案
07:41
and he got the operators运营商 retrained再培训 by people who know kids孩子,
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他请懂孩子的人对医务人员重新培训
07:44
like children's儿童 museum博物馆 people.
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比如说儿童博物馆的工作人员
07:46
And now when the kid孩子 comes, it's an experience经验.
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对孩子们来说这是一次独特体验
07:50
And they talk to them about the noise噪声 and the movement运动 of the ship.
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他们对孩子们解释噪音和检查舱的运行
07:54
And when they come, they say,
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他们对来检查的孩子说
07:55
"Okay, you're going to go into the pirate海盗 ship,
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“好了,你现在要潜入这艘海盗船
07:58
but be very still because we don't want the pirates海盗 to find you."
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别乱动,不然海盗会发现你的”
08:00
And the results结果 were super dramatic戏剧性.
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结果是戏剧化的
08:05
So from something like 80 percent百分 of the kids孩子 needing需要 to be sedated镇静,
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需要服用镇静剂的孩子从80%
08:09
to something like 10 percent百分 of the kids孩子 needing需要 to be sedated镇静.
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降到了10%
08:14
And the hospital醫院 and GE通用电器 were happy快乐 too.
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医院和通用电气公司对此都很高兴
08:16
Because you didn't have to call the anesthesiologist麻醉师 all the time,
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他们不用一直找麻醉师了
08:19
they could put more kids孩子 through通过 the machine in a day.
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每天可以做的检查数量增加了
08:20
So the quantitative results结果 were great.
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这个定量结果十分显著
08:23
But Doug's道格的 results结果 that he cared照顾 about were much more qualitative定性.
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但道格真正在乎的是定性结论
08:27
He was with one of the mothers母亲
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他陪同一位母亲
08:30
waiting等候 for her child儿童 to come out of the scan扫描.
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等待她的孩子完成检查
08:32
And when the little girl女孩 came来了 out of her scan扫描,
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当小女孩做完了检查
08:34
she ran up to her mother母亲 and said,
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她跑到妈妈那儿说
08:36
"Mommy妈妈, can we come back tomorrow明天?"
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“妈妈,我们明天还能来吗?”
08:38
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
08:41
And so I've heard听说 Doug道格 tell the story故事 many许多 times,
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我不止一次听道格讲起这个故事
08:44
of his personal个人 transformation转型
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这个故事关于他个人的转变
08:47
and the breakthrough突破 design设计 that happened发生 from it,
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和由此而来的突破性设计
08:51
but I've never really seen看到 him tell the story故事 of the little girl女孩
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但每一次他讲到那个小女孩的故事
08:53
without a tear眼泪 in his eye.
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他都会眼含泪水
08:55
Doug's道格的 story故事 takes place地点 in a hospital醫院.
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道格的故事发生在医院里
08:57
I know a thing or two about hospitals医院.
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我恰巧对医院略知一二
09:00
A few少数 years年份 ago I felt a lump on the side of my neck颈部,
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几年前我感觉自己的脖子侧面长了一个肿块
09:05
and it was my turn in the MRIMRI machine.
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于是轮到我去做核磁共振了
09:09
It was cancer癌症. It was the bad kind.
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是肿瘤。恶性的。
09:12
I was told I had a 40 percent百分 chance机会 of survival生存.
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我被告知只有40%的存活率
09:16
So while you're sitting坐在 around with the other patients耐心 in your pajamas睡衣
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当我坐在一群穿着病号服的病患中间
09:20
and everybody's每个人的 pale苍白 and thin
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所有人看起来都苍白瘦弱
09:22
and you're waiting等候 for your turn to get the gamma伽马 rays阳光,
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等着轮到自己做放疗的那些时间里
09:26
you think of a lot of things.
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会想到很多事
09:28
Mostly大多 you think about, Am I going to survive生存?
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多数时间是想“我能活下来吗?”
09:30
And I thought a lot about,
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我也无数次想到
09:33
What was my daughter's女儿的 life going to be like without me?
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要是我不在了,我女儿会怎样?
09:36
But you think about other things.
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我也想到很多别的事情
09:39
I thought a lot about, What was I put on Earth地球 to do?
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我经常想:我来到世上究竟要做什么?
09:43
What was my calling调用? What should I do?
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我的使命是什么?我应该做什么?
09:46
And I was lucky幸运 because I had lots of options选项.
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我很幸运,因为有很多选择
09:48
We'd星期三 been working加工 in health健康 and wellness健康,
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我们一直从事医疗福利领域的工作
09:50
and K through通过 12, and the Developing发展 World世界.
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为K through 12项目工作,为第三世界工作
09:53
And so there were lots of projects项目 that I could work on.
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我能做的项目有很多
09:55
But I decided决定 and I committed提交 to at this point
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但在那时我决定要投身于
09:58
to the thing I most wanted to do --
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我最想做的工作
09:59
was to help as many许多 people as possible可能
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那就是去帮助尽可能多的人
10:05
regain恢复 the creative创作的 confidence置信度 they lost丢失 along沿 their way.
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让他们重新获得成长过程中丢失的创造力自信心
10:08
And if I was going to survive生存, that's what I wanted to do.
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如果我活下来,我就去做这件事
10:11
I survived幸存, just so you know.
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我活下来了,如你们所见
10:13
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
10:16
(Applause掌声)
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(鼓掌声)
10:21
I really believe
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我坚信
10:23
that when people gain获得 this confidence置信度 --
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当人们获得这种自信
10:26
and we see it all the time at the d.school学校 and at IDEOIDEO --
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正如我们一直以来在斯坦福设计学院和IDEO公司看到的
10:28
they actually其实 start开始 working加工 on the things that are really important重要 in their lives生活.
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人们就会开始研究生命中真正重要的东西
10:34
We see people quit放弃 what they're doing and go in new directions方向.
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一些人辞掉当下的工作,开辟了新的方向
10:37
We see them come up with more interesting有趣, and just more, ideas思路
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他们有了更多有趣的想法
10:44
so they can choose选择 from better ideas思路.
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这让他们能从更好的想法中作出抉择
10:47
And they just make better decisions决定.
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从而做出更好的抉择
10:49
So I know at TEDTED you're supposed应该 to have a change-the-world改变世界 kind of thing.
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我知道在TED应该有种改变世界的精神
10:53
Everybody每个人 has a change-the-world改变世界 thing.
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每个人都有这种改变世界的精神
10:55
If there is one for me, this is it. To help this happen发生.
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对于我来说,就是让这一切发生
10:59
So I hope希望 you'll你会 join加入 me on my quest寻求 --
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我希望诸位能加入我的探索
11:01
you as thought leaders领导者.
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作为思想的领袖
11:03
It would be really great if you didn't let people divide划分 the world世界
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这是一件伟大的事:不让人们把世界上的人
11:08
into the creatives创意 and the non-creatives非创意, like it's some God-given神赐 thing,
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分成有创意和没创意两种,好像创造力是上天恩赐似的
11:11
and to have people realize实现 that they're naturally自然 creative创作的.
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而是让人们意识到他们天生是有创造力的
11:16
And those natural自然 people should let their ideas思路 fly.
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而且人们应该为自己的创意插上现实的翅膀
11:20
That they should achieve实现 what Bandura班杜拉 calls电话 self-efficacy自我效能感,
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这样他们就会成就班杜拉所说的“自我效能”
11:25
that you can do what you set out to do,
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你能够达到自己的目标
11:28
and that you can reach达到 a place地点 of creative创作的 confidence置信度
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你可以拥有创造力自信心
11:32
and touch触摸 the snake.
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然后去触碰蛇
11:33
Thank you.
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谢谢各位
11:35
(Applause掌声)
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(鼓掌声)
Translated by Karen SONG
Reviewed by Ray Liu

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Kelley - Designer, educator
David Kelley’s company IDEO helped create many icons of the digital generation -- but what matters even more to him is unlocking the creative potential of people and organizations to innovate routinely.

Why you should listen

As founder of legendary design firm IDEO, David Kelley built the company that created many icons of the digital generation -- the first mouse, the first Treo, the thumbs up/thumbs down button on your Tivo's remote control, to name a few. But what matters even more to him is unlocking the creative potential of people and organizations so they can innovate routinely.

David Kelley's most enduring contributions to the field of design are a methodology and culture of innovation. More recently, he led the creation of the groundbreaking d.school at Stanford, the Hasso Plattner Institute of Design, where students from the business, engineering, medicine, law, and other diverse disciplines develop the capacity to solve complex problems collaboratively and creatively.

Kelley was working (unhappily) as an electrical engineer when he heard about Stanford's cross-disciplinary Joint Program in Design, which merged engineering and art. What he learned there -- a human-centered, team-based approach to tackling sticky problems through design -- propelled his professional life as a "design thinker."

In 1978, he co-founded the design firm that ultimately became IDEO, now emulated worldwide for its innovative, user-centered approach to design. IDEO works with a range of clients -- from food and beverage conglomerates to high tech startups, hospitals to universities, and today even governments -- conceiving breakthrough innovations ranging from a life-saving portable defibrillator to a new kind of residence for wounded warriors, and helping organizations build their own innovation culture.

Today, David serves as chair of IDEO and is the Donald W. Whittier Professor at Stanford, where he has taught for more than 25 years. Preparing the design thinkers of tomorrow earned David the Sir Misha Black Medal for his “distinguished contribution to design education.” He has also won the Edison Achievement Award for Innovation, as well as the Chrysler Design Award and National Design Award in Product Design from the Smithsonian’s Cooper-Hewitt National Design Museum, and he is a member of the National Academy of Engineers.

More profile about the speaker
David Kelley | Speaker | TED.com