ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Kelley - Designer, educator
David Kelley’s company IDEO helped create many icons of the digital generation -- but what matters even more to him is unlocking the creative potential of people and organizations to innovate routinely.

Why you should listen

As founder of legendary design firm IDEO, David Kelley built the company that created many icons of the digital generation -- the first mouse, the first Treo, the thumbs up/thumbs down button on your Tivo's remote control, to name a few. But what matters even more to him is unlocking the creative potential of people and organizations so they can innovate routinely.

David Kelley's most enduring contributions to the field of design are a methodology and culture of innovation. More recently, he led the creation of the groundbreaking d.school at Stanford, the Hasso Plattner Institute of Design, where students from the business, engineering, medicine, law, and other diverse disciplines develop the capacity to solve complex problems collaboratively and creatively.

Kelley was working (unhappily) as an electrical engineer when he heard about Stanford's cross-disciplinary Joint Program in Design, which merged engineering and art. What he learned there -- a human-centered, team-based approach to tackling sticky problems through design -- propelled his professional life as a "design thinker."

In 1978, he co-founded the design firm that ultimately became IDEO, now emulated worldwide for its innovative, user-centered approach to design. IDEO works with a range of clients -- from food and beverage conglomerates to high tech startups, hospitals to universities, and today even governments -- conceiving breakthrough innovations ranging from a life-saving portable defibrillator to a new kind of residence for wounded warriors, and helping organizations build their own innovation culture.

Today, David serves as chair of IDEO and is the Donald W. Whittier Professor at Stanford, where he has taught for more than 25 years. Preparing the design thinkers of tomorrow earned David the Sir Misha Black Medal for his “distinguished contribution to design education.” He has also won the Edison Achievement Award for Innovation, as well as the Chrysler Design Award and National Design Award in Product Design from the Smithsonian’s Cooper-Hewitt National Design Museum, and he is a member of the National Academy of Engineers.

More profile about the speaker
David Kelley | Speaker | TED.com
TED2012

David Kelley: How to build your creative confidence

大衛.凱利:如何建立創造力自信心

Filmed:
5,317,375 views

你的學校或者工作場所是不是把人分為創造型和現實型?然而,大衛.凱利確信創造力可不是少數人的專利。從他傳奇的設計事業和個人生活中,他展示了建立創造力自信心的方法…… (TED 2012設計工作室專場,來賓策展人是Chee Pearlman 和 David Rockwell)
- Designer, educator
David Kelley’s company IDEO helped create many icons of the digital generation -- but what matters even more to him is unlocking the creative potential of people and organizations to innovate routinely. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
I wanted to talk to you today今天
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今天我想講一講
00:18
about creative創作的 confidence置信度.
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關於創造力自信心的問題
00:20
I'm going to start開始 way back in the third第三 grade年級
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最開始我要追溯到
00:23
at Oakdale奧克代爾 School學校 in Barberton巴伯, Ohio俄亥俄州.
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俄亥俄州巴伯頓的歐克代爾學校三年級的時候
00:26
I remember記得 one day my best最好 friend朋友 Brian布賴恩 was working加工 on a project項目.
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記得有一天,我最好的朋友布萊恩正在做手工
00:31
He was making製造 a horse out of the clay粘土
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他在做一匹馬
00:34
that our teacher老師 kept不停 under the sink水槽.
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用老師藏在水池下的陶土
00:36
And at one point, one of the girls女孩 who was sitting坐在 at his table,
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那時候,跟他同桌的一個女孩子
00:40
seeing眼看 what he was doing,
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看到他在做的東西
00:42
leaned湊近 over and said to him,
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靠過來說道
00:44
"That's terrible可怕. That doesn't look anything like a horse."
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“真差勁。看起來一點兒也不像馬。”
00:47
And Brian'sBrian的 shoulders肩膀 sank沉沒.
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布萊恩的肩膀懈下來
00:51
And he wadded up the clay粘土 horse and he threw it back in the bin箱子.
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把陶土小馬捏成一團,扔進了垃圾箱
00:53
I never saw Brian布賴恩 do a project項目 like that ever again.
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那以後我再也沒見過布萊恩做類似的手工了
00:59
And I wonder奇蹟 how often經常 that happens發生.
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我想知道這種事有多普遍
01:02
It seems似乎 like when I tell that story故事 of Brian布賴恩 to my class,
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當我對學生們講布萊恩的故事時
01:07
a lot of them want to come up after class
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似乎有很多人想在課後留下來
01:10
and tell me about their similar類似 experience經驗,
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告訴我他們自己相似的經歷
01:12
how a teacher老師 shut關閉 them down
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老師如何貶低他們
01:14
or how a student學生 was particularly尤其 cruel殘忍 to them.
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同學如何不留情面
01:16
And some opt選擇 out thinking思維 of themselves他們自己
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其中一些人從此再也不相信
01:19
as creative創作的 at that point.
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自己是有創意的人
01:21
And I see that opting選擇加入 out that happens發生 in childhood童年,
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我發現這種童年時的改變
01:26
and it moves移動 in and becomes more ingrained根深蒂固,
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會變得越來越深刻
01:28
even by the time you get to adult成人 life.
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甚至直至成年
01:32
So we see a lot of this.
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所以我們看到很多這樣的例子
01:36
When we have a workshop作坊
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當我們辦學習班
01:39
or when we have clients客戶 in to work with us side-by-side並排側,
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或是與客戶並肩努力時
01:41
eventually終於 we get to the point in the process處理
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最終我們會進入一個環節
01:44
that's fuzzy模糊 or unconventional非傳統的.
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一個模糊的、非常規的環節
01:46
And eventually終於 these bigshot大人物 executives高管 whip鞭子 out their Blackberries黑莓
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最終,這些高層經理會抽出他們的黑莓手機
01:51
and they say they have to make really important重要 phone電話 calls電話,
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說他們必須打幾個非常重要的電話
01:54
and they head for the exits退出.
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然後就走出了房間
01:55
And they're just so uncomfortable不舒服.
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他們感到極不舒服
01:58
When we track跟踪 them down and ask them what's going on,
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當我們跟蹤調查,問他們到底是怎麼回事
02:00
they say something like, "I'm just not the creative創作的 type類型."
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他們回答道:“我真不是創造型的人”
02:04
But we know that's not true真正.
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我們知道事實並非如此
02:06
If they stick with the process處理, if they stick with it,
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如果他們堅持到底
02:10
they end結束 up doing amazing驚人 things
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他們會做出非常驚人的成果
02:12
and they surprise themselves他們自己 just how innovative創新
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他們感到非常驚奇
02:15
they and their teams球隊 really are.
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自己和所在團隊能有多麼有創意
02:16
So I've been looking at this fear恐懼 of judgment判斷 that we have.
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我研究這種評價恐懼症
02:23
That you don't do things, you're afraid害怕 you're going to be judged判斷.
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你不去做一件事,因為你害怕被評價
02:26
If you don't say the right creative創作的 thing, you're going to be judged判斷.
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如果你說不出正確的有創造性的想法,就會被“判決”
02:30
And I had a major重大的 breakthrough突破
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我的主要突破發生在
02:33
when I met會見 the psychologist心理學家 Albert阿爾伯特 Bandura班杜拉.
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我遇到心理學家亞伯特.班杜拉(Albert Bandura)之後
02:36
I don't know if you know Albert阿爾伯特 Bandura班杜拉.
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不知你們是否瞭解亞伯特.班杜拉
02:39
But if you go to Wikipedia維基百科,
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但如果你們查查維琪百科
02:40
it says that he's the fourth第四 most important重要 psychologist心理學家 in history歷史 --
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上面寫著他是歷史上第四名最重要的心理學家
02:44
like Freud弗洛伊德, Skinner斯金納, somebody and Bandura班杜拉.
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佛洛德、斯金納、某某和班杜拉
02:49
Bandura's班杜拉 86 and he still works作品 at Stanford斯坦福.
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班杜拉已經86歲了,還在斯坦福任職
02:53
And he's just a lovely可愛 guy.
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他令人愉快
02:55
And so I went to see him
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我去拜訪他
02:57
because he has just worked工作 on phobias恐懼症 for a long time,
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因他在恐懼症領域有多年經驗
03:01
which哪一個 I'm very interested有興趣 in.
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而我對此很感興趣
03:03
He had developed發達 this way, this kind of methodology方法,
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他開發出一種方法
03:09
that ended結束 up curing養護 people in a very short amount of time.
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能在短時間內治好各種恐懼症
03:13
In four hours小時 he had a huge巨大 cure治愈 rate of people who had phobias恐懼症.
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在四小時的治療時間裡,治癒率相當高
03:18
And we talked about snakes. I don't know why we talked about snakes.
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我們談到了蛇
03:20
We talked about snakes and fear恐懼 of snakes as a phobia恐怖症.
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不過我們談到了蛇,以及對蛇的恐懼
03:24
And it was really enjoyable其樂融融, really interesting有趣.
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談話令人愉悅,非常有趣
03:28
He told me that he'd他會 invite邀請 the test測試 subject學科 in,
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他告訴我他邀請受試者進入房間
03:34
and he'd他會 say, "You know, there's a snake in the next下一個 room房間
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對他們說:“隔壁房間有一條蛇
03:36
and we're going to go in there."
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我們要走進去”
03:38
To which哪一個, he reported報導, most of them replied回答,
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多數受試者回答
03:42
"Hell地獄 no, I'm not going in there,
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“天哪,不!我不會進去的!
03:43
certainly當然 if there's a snake in there."
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只要蛇在那兒”
03:46
But Bandura班杜拉 has a step-by-step一步步 process處理 that was super successful成功.
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班杜拉有一套極為成功的步驟方法
03:51
So he'd他會 take people to this two-way雙向 mirror鏡子
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把他們帶到雙面鏡前
03:54
looking into the room房間 where the snake was,
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可以觀察蛇在房間裡的動向
03:56
and he'd他會 get them comfortable自在 with that.
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讓人們逐漸適應
03:58
And then through通過 a series系列 of steps腳步,
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然後經過一系列步驟
04:00
he'd他會 move移動 them and they'd他們會 be standing常設 in the doorway門口 with the door open打開
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他們被帶到打開的房間門口站著
04:03
and they'd他們會 be looking in there.
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往裡面看
04:05
And he'd他會 get them comfortable自在 with that.
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並逐漸適應
04:07
And then many許多 more steps腳步 later後來, baby寶寶 steps腳步,
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之後還有許多循序漸進的步驟
04:10
they'd他們會 be in the room房間, they'd他們會 have a leather皮革 glove手套 like a welder's焊工 glove手套 on,
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他們進入房間,帶著焊工用的那種皮手套
04:13
and they'd他們會 eventually終於 touch觸摸 the snake.
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觸摸蛇
04:17
And when they touched感動 the snake everything was fine. They were cured治愈.
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當他們摸到蛇的時候
04:22
In fact事實, everything was better than fine.
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事實上,結果比這更好
04:25
These people who had life-long終身 fears恐懼 of snakes
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這些生來對蛇恐懼的人
04:28
were saying things like,
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說道
04:30
"Look how beautiful美麗 that snake is."
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“看那條蛇多漂亮”
04:33
And they were holding保持 it in their laps.
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他們可以把蛇放在膝蓋上
04:36
Bandura班杜拉 calls電話 this process處理 "guided引導 mastery征服."
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班杜拉稱之為“引導性精熟”
04:41
I love that term術語: guided引導 mastery征服.
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我喜歡這個術語:“引導性精熟”
04:44
And something else其他 happened發生,
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其他的事發生了
04:46
these people who went through通過 the process處理 and touched感動 the snake
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這些人經歷所有程式最後觸摸到蛇
04:50
ended結束 up having less anxiety焦慮 about other things in their lives生活.
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最後對人生的其他焦慮都減輕了
04:53
They tried試著 harder更難, they persevered堅持 longer,
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他們更努力,更堅持
04:57
and they were more resilient彈性 in the face面對 of failure失敗.
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在失敗面前表現得更有韌性
04:59
They just gained獲得 a new confidence置信度.
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他們獲得了一種新的自信
05:03
And Bandura班杜拉 calls電話 that confidence置信度 self-efficacy自我效能感 --
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班杜拉稱這種自信為自我效能
05:09
the sense that you can change更改 the world世界
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一種你能改變世界的感覺
05:12
and that you can attain達到 what you set out to do.
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你能達成自己的目標
05:16
Well meeting會議 Bandura班杜拉 was really cathartic瀉藥 for me
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與班杜拉的會見對我意義非凡
05:19
because I realized實現 that this famous著名 scientist科學家
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因為我認識到這位著名的科學家
05:23
had documented記錄 and scientifically科學 validated驗證
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有文獻和科學證據來證明
05:25
something that we've我們已經 seen看到 happen發生 for the last 30 years年份.
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我們過去三十年所見證的事情
05:29
That we could take people who had the fear恐懼 that they weren't creative創作的,
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那些懼怕自己沒有創造力的人們
05:33
and we could take them through通過 a series系列 of steps腳步,
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我們可以帶領他們經歷一系列步驟
05:36
kind of like a series系列 of small successes成功,
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一系列小小的成功
05:40
and they turn fear恐懼 into familiarity熟悉, and they surprise themselves他們自己.
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懼怕成為熟悉,他們給自己帶來驚喜
05:45
That transformation轉型 is amazing驚人.
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這種轉變是驚人的
05:46
We see it at the d.school學校 all the time.
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我們不斷在斯坦福設計學院(d.school)看到
05:49
People from all different不同 kinds of disciplines學科,
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不同學科的人們
05:51
they think of themselves他們自己 as only analytical分析.
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那些認為自己只是善於分析的人們
05:54
And they come in and they go through通過 the process處理, our process處理,
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他們來我們這裡,經歷我們開發的流程
05:58
they build建立 confidence置信度 and now they think of themselves他們自己 differently不同.
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逐漸的累積自信,在最後學會從另一個角度看待自己
06:01
And they're totally完全 emotionally感情上 excited興奮
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他們為能夠
06:05
about the fact事實 that they walk步行 around
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覺得自己是一個有創造力的人
06:07
thinking思維 of themselves他們自己 as a creative創作的 person.
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而感到激動
06:09
So I thought one of the things I'd do today今天
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我認為我今天的任務之一
06:12
is take you through通過 and show顯示 you what this journey旅程 looks容貌 like.
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就是向你們展示這個過程是怎樣的
06:16
To me, that journey旅程 looks容貌 like Doug道格 Dietz迪茨.
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對於我來說,這個過程就像道格.迪茲(Doug Dietz)
06:20
Doug道格 Dietz迪茨 is a technical技術 person.
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道格.迪茲是個技術型人才
06:25
He designs設計 medical imaging成像 equipment設備,
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他設計醫用成像設備
06:27
large medical imaging成像 equipment設備.
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大型的醫用成像設備
06:29
He's worked工作 for GE通用電器, and he's had a fantastic奇妙 career事業.
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他為GE工作,有非常成功的事業
06:33
But at one point he had a moment時刻 of crisis危機.
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不過他也曾有危機時刻
06:36
He was in the hospital醫院 looking at one of his MRIMRI machines in use
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他在醫院裡觀察他的核磁共振儀器的實際使用
06:40
when he saw a young年輕 family家庭.
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他看到一個年輕的家庭
06:42
There was a little girl女孩,
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那家的小女孩
06:43
and that little girl女孩 was crying哭了 and was terrified.
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被嚇哭了
06:47
And Doug道格 was really disappointed失望 to learn學習
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道格心情沮喪地發現
06:50
that nearly幾乎 80 percent百分 of the pediatric小兒科的 patients耐心 in this hospital醫院
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醫院裡將近80%的兒科患者
06:54
had to be sedated鎮靜 in order訂購 to deal合同 with his MRIMRI machine.
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需要服用鎮靜劑才能做核磁共振
06:58
And this was really disappointing令人失望 to Doug道格,
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這令道格大為受挫
07:01
because before this time he was proud驕傲 of what he did.
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因為這之前他一直為自己的工作感到驕傲
07:05
He was saving保存 lives生活 with this machine.
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他覺得自己的這台機器能拯救生命
07:07
But it really hurt傷害 him to see the fear恐懼
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然而事實給了他很大打擊,他看到了
07:10
that this machine caused造成 in kids孩子.
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這台機器給孩子們帶來的是恐懼
07:12
About that time he was at the d.school學校 at Stanford斯坦福 taking服用 classes.
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就在那時,他正在斯坦福設計學院學習
07:17
He was learning學習 about our process處理
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他知道了我們的流程
07:18
about design設計 thinking思維, about empathy同情,
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關於設計性思維,同情心
07:21
about iterative迭代 prototyping原型.
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以及反覆運算的原型設計
07:24
And he would take this new knowledge知識
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他運用了這些新知識
07:25
and do something quite相當 extraordinary非凡.
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做出了非凡的成果
07:28
He would redesign重新設計 the entire整個 experience經驗 of being存在 scanned掃描.
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他重新設計了掃描檢查的全部體驗
07:33
And this is what he came來了 up with.
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這就是他的成果
07:35
He turned轉身 it into an adventure冒險 for the kids孩子.
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他把核磁共振檢查變成了孩子們的到冒險
07:38
He painted the walls牆壁 and he painted the machine,
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他在牆上和機器上畫上圖案
07:41
and he got the operators運營商 retrained再培訓 by people who know kids孩子,
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他請懂孩子的人對醫務人員重新培訓
07:44
like children's兒童 museum博物館 people.
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比如說兒童博物館的工作人員
07:46
And now when the kid孩子 comes, it's an experience經驗.
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對孩子們來說這是一次獨特體驗
07:50
And they talk to them about the noise噪聲 and the movement運動 of the ship.
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他們對孩子們解釋噪音和檢查艙的運行
07:54
And when they come, they say,
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他們對來檢查的孩子說
07:55
"Okay, you're going to go into the pirate海盜 ship,
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“好了,你現在要潛入這艘海盜船
07:58
but be very still because we don't want the pirates海盜 to find you."
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別亂動,不然海盜會發現你的”
08:00
And the results結果 were super dramatic戲劇性.
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結果是戲劇化的
08:05
So from something like 80 percent百分 of the kids孩子 needing需要 to be sedated鎮靜,
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需要服用鎮靜劑的孩子從80%
08:09
to something like 10 percent百分 of the kids孩子 needing需要 to be sedated鎮靜.
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降到了10%
08:14
And the hospital醫院 and GE通用電器 were happy快樂 too.
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醫院和GE公司對此都很高興
08:16
Because you didn't have to call the anesthesiologist麻醉師 all the time,
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他們不用一直找麻醉師了
08:19
they could put more kids孩子 through通過 the machine in a day.
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每天可以做的檢查數量增加了
08:20
So the quantitative results結果 were great.
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這個定量結果十分顯著
08:23
But Doug's道格的 results結果 that he cared照顧 about were much more qualitative定性.
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但道格真正在乎的是最終的質量
08:27
He was with one of the mothers母親
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他陪同一位母親
08:30
waiting等候 for her child兒童 to come out of the scan掃描.
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等待她的孩子完成檢查
08:32
And when the little girl女孩 came來了 out of her scan掃描,
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當小女孩做完了檢查
08:34
she ran up to her mother母親 and said,
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她跑到媽媽那兒說
08:36
"Mommy媽媽, can we come back tomorrow明天?"
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“媽媽,我們明天還能來嗎?”
08:38
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
08:41
And so I've heard聽說 Doug道格 tell the story故事 many許多 times,
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我不止一次聽道格講起這個故事
08:44
of his personal個人 transformation轉型
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他的個人的轉變
08:47
and the breakthrough突破 design設計 that happened發生 from it,
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以及由此而來的突破性設計
08:51
but I've never really seen看到 him tell the story故事 of the little girl女孩
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但每一次他講到那個小女孩的故事
08:53
without a tear眼淚 in his eye.
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眼裡都含著淚水
08:55
Doug's道格的 story故事 takes place地點 in a hospital醫院.
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道格的故事發生在醫院裡
08:57
I know a thing or two about hospitals醫院.
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我恰巧對醫院略知一二
09:00
A few少數 years年份 ago I felt a lump on the side of my neck頸部,
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幾年前我感覺自己的脖子側面長了一個腫塊
09:05
and it was my turn in the MRIMRI machine.
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於是輪到我去做核磁共振了
09:09
It was cancer癌症. It was the bad kind.
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是腫瘤。惡性的。
09:12
I was told I had a 40 percent百分 chance機會 of survival生存.
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我被告知只有40%的存活率
09:16
So while you're sitting坐在 around with the other patients耐心 in your pajamas睡衣
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當我坐在一群穿著病號服的病患中間
09:20
and everybody's每個人的 pale蒼白 and thin
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所有人看起來都蒼白瘦弱
09:22
and you're waiting等候 for your turn to get the gamma伽馬 rays陽光,
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等著輪到自己做放療的那些時間裡
09:26
you think of a lot of things.
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你會會想到很多事
09:28
Mostly大多 you think about, Am I going to survive生存?
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多數時間是想“我能活下來嗎?”
09:30
And I thought a lot about,
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我也無數次想到
09:33
What was my daughter's女兒的 life going to be like without me?
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要是我不在了,我女兒會怎樣
09:36
But you think about other things.
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我也想到很多別的事情
09:39
I thought a lot about, What was I put on Earth地球 to do?
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我經常想:我來到世上究竟要做什麼?
09:43
What was my calling調用? What should I do?
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我的使命是什麼?我應該做什麼?
09:46
And I was lucky幸運 because I had lots of options選項.
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我很幸運,因為有很多選擇
09:48
We'd星期三 been working加工 in health健康 and wellness健康,
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我們從事醫療福利領域的工作
09:50
and K through通過 12, and the Developing發展 World世界.
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為K through 12專案工作,為第三世界工作
09:53
And so there were lots of projects項目 that I could work on.
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我能做的專案有很多
09:55
But I decided決定 and I committed提交 to at this point
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但在那時我決定要投身於
09:58
to the thing I most wanted to do --
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我最想做的工作
09:59
was to help as many許多 people as possible可能
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去幫助盡可能多的人
10:05
regain恢復 the creative創作的 confidence置信度 they lost丟失 along沿 their way.
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重新獲得他們成長過程中缺失的創造力自信心
10:08
And if I was going to survive生存, that's what I wanted to do.
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如果我活下來,我就去做這件事
10:11
I survived倖存, just so you know.
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我活下來了,如你們所見
10:13
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
10:16
(Applause掌聲)
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(鼓掌聲)
10:21
I really believe
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我堅信
10:23
that when people gain獲得 this confidence置信度 --
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當人們獲得這種自信
10:26
and we see it all the time at the d.school學校 and at IDEOIDEO --
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正如我們一直以來在斯坦福設計學院和IDEO公司看到的
10:28
they actually其實 start開始 working加工 on the things that are really important重要 in their lives生活.
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人們開始研究生命中真正重要的東西
10:34
We see people quit放棄 what they're doing and go in new directions方向.
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一些人辭掉當下的工作,開闢了新的方向
10:37
We see them come up with more interesting有趣, and just more, ideas思路
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他們有了更多有趣的想法
10:44
so they can choose選擇 from better ideas思路.
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來讓他們能從更好的想法中作出抉擇
10:47
And they just make better decisions決定.
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他們能夠作出更好的決策
10:49
So I know at TEDTED you're supposed應該 to have a change-the-world改變世界 kind of thing.
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我知道在TED應該有種改變世界的精神
10:53
Everybody每個人 has a change-the-world改變世界 thing.
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每個人都有這種改變世界的精神
10:55
If there is one for me, this is it. To help this happen發生.
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對於我來說,就是讓這一切發生
10:59
So I hope希望 you'll你會 join加入 me on my quest尋求 --
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我希望諸位能加入我的探索
11:01
you as thought leaders領導者.
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作為思想的領袖
11:03
It would be really great if you didn't let people divide劃分 the world世界
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這是一件偉大的事:不讓人們把世界上的人
11:08
into the creatives創意 and the non-creatives非創意, like it's some God-given神賜 thing,
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硬分成有創意和沒創意兩種,好像創造力是上天恩賜似的
11:11
and to have people realize實現 that they're naturally自然 creative創作的.
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讓人們意識到他們天生是有創造力的
11:16
And those natural自然 people should let their ideas思路 fly.
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自然而然應該讓創意飛翔
11:20
That they should achieve實現 what Bandura班杜拉 calls電話 self-efficacy自我效能感,
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人們應該成就班杜拉所說的“自我效能”
11:25
that you can do what you set out to do,
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你能夠達到自己的目標
11:28
and that you can reach達到 a place地點 of creative創作的 confidence置信度
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你可以擁有創造力自信心
11:32
and touch觸摸 the snake.
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然後去觸碰蛇
11:33
Thank you.
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謝謝各位
11:35
(Applause掌聲)
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(鼓掌聲)
Translated by Karen SONG
Reviewed by Dennis Guo

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Kelley - Designer, educator
David Kelley’s company IDEO helped create many icons of the digital generation -- but what matters even more to him is unlocking the creative potential of people and organizations to innovate routinely.

Why you should listen

As founder of legendary design firm IDEO, David Kelley built the company that created many icons of the digital generation -- the first mouse, the first Treo, the thumbs up/thumbs down button on your Tivo's remote control, to name a few. But what matters even more to him is unlocking the creative potential of people and organizations so they can innovate routinely.

David Kelley's most enduring contributions to the field of design are a methodology and culture of innovation. More recently, he led the creation of the groundbreaking d.school at Stanford, the Hasso Plattner Institute of Design, where students from the business, engineering, medicine, law, and other diverse disciplines develop the capacity to solve complex problems collaboratively and creatively.

Kelley was working (unhappily) as an electrical engineer when he heard about Stanford's cross-disciplinary Joint Program in Design, which merged engineering and art. What he learned there -- a human-centered, team-based approach to tackling sticky problems through design -- propelled his professional life as a "design thinker."

In 1978, he co-founded the design firm that ultimately became IDEO, now emulated worldwide for its innovative, user-centered approach to design. IDEO works with a range of clients -- from food and beverage conglomerates to high tech startups, hospitals to universities, and today even governments -- conceiving breakthrough innovations ranging from a life-saving portable defibrillator to a new kind of residence for wounded warriors, and helping organizations build their own innovation culture.

Today, David serves as chair of IDEO and is the Donald W. Whittier Professor at Stanford, where he has taught for more than 25 years. Preparing the design thinkers of tomorrow earned David the Sir Misha Black Medal for his “distinguished contribution to design education.” He has also won the Edison Achievement Award for Innovation, as well as the Chrysler Design Award and National Design Award in Product Design from the Smithsonian’s Cooper-Hewitt National Design Museum, and he is a member of the National Academy of Engineers.

More profile about the speaker
David Kelley | Speaker | TED.com